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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ruling Yuan; Jun Pu; Dan Wu; Qingbai Wu; +3 Authors

    Replacing fossil fuels with bioenergy is crucial to achieving sustainable development and carbon neutrality. To determine the priorities and developing trends of bioenergy technology, related publications from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed using bibliometric method. Results demonstrated that the number of publications on bioenergy increased rapidly since 2005, and the average growth rate from 2005 to 2011 reached a maximum of 20% per year. In terms of publication quantity, impact, and international collaboration, the USA had been leading the research of bioenergy technology, followed by China and European countries. Co-occurrence analysis using author keywords identified six clusters about this topic, which are “biodiesel and transesterification”, “biogas and anaerobic digestion”, “bioethanol and fermentation”, “bio-oil and pyrolysis”, “microalgae and lipid”, and “biohydrogen and gasification or dark fermentation”. Among the six clusters, three of them relate to liquid biofuel, attributing that the liquid products of biomass are exceptional alternatives to fossil fuels for heavy transportation and aviation. Lignocellulose and microalgae were identified as the most promising raw materials, and pretreating technologies and efficient catalysts have received special attention. The sharp increase of “pyrolysis” and “gasification” from 2011 to 2020 suggested that those technologies about thermochemical conversion have been well studied in recent years. Some new research trends, such as applying nanoparticles in transesterification, and hydrothermal liquefaction in producing bio-oil from microalgae, will get a breakthrough in the coming years.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ International Journa...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ International Journa...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2022
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: PubMed Central
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Wenhui Wang; Huijun Jin; Ze Zhang; Mikhail N. Zhelezniak; +11 Authors

    As one of the best indicators of the periglacial environment, ice-wedge polygons (IWPs) are important for arctic landscapes, hydrology, engineering, and ecosystems. Thus, a better understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics and evolution of IWPs is key to evaluating the hydrothermal state and carbon budgets of the arctic permafrost environment. In this paper, the dynamics of ground surface deformation (GSD) in IWP zones (2018–2019) and their influencing factors over the last 20 years in Saskylakh, northwestern Yakutia, Russia were investigated using the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Google Earth Engine (GEE). The results show an annual ground surface deformation rate (AGSDR) in Saskylakh at −49.73 to 45.97 mm/a during the period from 1 June 2018 to 3 May 2019. All the selected GSD regions indicate that the relationship between GSD and land surface temperature (LST) is positive (upheaving) for regions with larger AGSDR, and negative (subsidence) for regions with lower AGSDR. The most drastic deformation was observed at the Aeroport regions with GSDs rates of −37.06 mm/a at tower and 35.45 mm/a at runway. The GSDs are negatively correlated with the LST of most low-centered polygons (LCPs) and high-centered polygons (HCPs). Specifically, the higher the vegetation cover, the higher the LST and the thicker the active layer. An evident permafrost degradation has been observed in Saskylakh as reflected in higher ground temperatures, lusher vegetation, greater active layer thickness, and fluctuant numbers and areal extents of thermokarst lakes and ponds.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Remote Sensingarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Remote Sensing
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Remote Sensing
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Remote Sensingarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Remote Sensing
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Remote Sensing
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: DOAJ
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Yanhui You; Qihao Yu; Xinbin Wang; Lei Guo; +2 Authors

    AbstractThe thermal effects of cast‐in‐place piles on the surrounding permafrost frequently induce deformation or failure of piles in permafrost regions. Because piles are directly inserted into the permafrost layer, the thermal disturbance of the piles is more straightforward than that of road embankments to the permafrost. Thermosyphons have proven to be effective in stabilizing the embankments of highways and railways in permafrost regions. However, the effects of thermosyphons on the thermal regime and stability of the cast‐in‐place piles remain unclear. The foundation soils of most piles in permafrost regions along the Qinghai‐Tibet Power Transmission Line were cooled by thermosyphons, and the results of a 7‐year‐period monitoring of ground temperature and deformation of a pile are presented in this paper. The results showed that the extent of thawed permafrost during the installation of the pile extended more than 5 m away from the pile. Thermosyphons shortened the refreezing time by more than 2 months. Thermosyphons cooled the surrounding permafrost to temperatures below the ambient ground temperature at the end of the cold seasons, and the temperature difference lasted until the end of the warm seasons owing to cold reserves formed in the cold season. The thermosyphons mitigated the thermal effects of the concrete pile owing to their higher thermal conductivity. Thermosyphons also significantly decreased the rate of active layer thickening around the pile compared to that observed in a natural field under a warming climate. Generally, thermosyphons stabilized the piles during the observation period by cooling the permafrost around the pile and producing a greater adfreeze force to counteract the frost heave force and subsequently support the tower. Additional thermosyphons or insulation measures may be necessary to ensure the long‐term stability of piles, considering a faster degradation of the ambient permafrost than expected. The results may provide insights into the design and maintenance of cast‐in‐place piles in warm permafrost regions.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Permafrost and Perig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Permafrost and Periglacial Processes
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Permafrost and Perig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Permafrost and Periglacial Processes
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Wenxin Zhang; Hongxiao Jin; Sadegh Jamali; Zheng Duan; +16 Authors

    Le réchauffement rapide récent a eu des impacts inégaux sur la composition, la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes nordiques. On ne sait toujours pas comment les facteurs climatiques contrôlent les tendances linéaires et non linéaires de la productivité des écosystèmes. Sur la base d'un produit d'indice de phénologie végétale (IPP) à une résolution spatiale de 0,05° sur 2000-2018, nous avons utilisé un schéma d'ajustement polynomial automatisé pour détecter et caractériser les types de tendances (c.-à-d. tendances polynomiales et non tendances) dans l'IPP annuel intégré (PPIINT) pour les écosystèmes nordiques (> 30°N) et leur dépendance aux facteurs climatiques et aux types d'écosystèmes. La pente moyenne pour les tendances linéaires (p < 0,05) de PPIINT était positive dans tous les écosystèmes, parmi lesquels les forêts de feuillus à feuilles larges et les forêts de feuillus à aiguilles (ENF) ont montré les pentes moyennes les plus élevées et les plus basses, respectivement. Plus de 50% des pixels dans les ENF, les arbustes arctiques et boréaux et les zones humides permanentes (PW) avaient des tendances linéaires. Une grande fraction de PW a également montré des tendances quadratiques et cubiques. Ces tendances concordent bien avec les estimations de la productivité globale de la végétation basées sur la fluorescence de la chlorophylle induite par le soleil. Dans tous les biomes, PPIINT dans les pixels avec des tendances linéaires a montré des valeurs moyennes plus faibles et des coefficients de corrélation partielle plus élevés avec la température ou les précipitations que dans les pixels sans tendances linéaires. Dans l'ensemble, notre étude a révélé l'émergence d'une convergence latitudinale et d'une divergence dans les contrôles climatiques sur les tendances linéaires et non linéaires de PPIINT, ce qui implique que les déplacements nordiques de la végétation et le changement climatique peuvent potentiellement augmenter la nature non linéaire des contrôles climatiques sur la productivité des écosystèmes. Ces résultats peuvent améliorer notre compréhension et notre prévision des changements induits par le climat dans la phénologie et la productivité des plantes et faciliter la gestion durable des écosystèmes en tenant compte de leur résilience et de leur vulnérabilité au changement climatique futur. El rápido calentamiento reciente ha causado impactos desiguales en la composición, estructura y funcionamiento de los ecosistemas del norte. Se desconoce cómo los impulsores climáticos controlan las tendencias lineales y no lineales en la productividad de los ecosistemas. Con base en un producto de índice de fenología vegetal (PPI) a una resolución espacial de 0.05° durante 2000-2018, utilizamos un esquema de ajuste polinómico automatizado para detectar y caracterizar los tipos de tendencias (es decir, tendencias polinómicas y no tendencias) en el PPI integrado anual (PPIINT) para los ecosistemas del norte (> 30°N) y su dependencia de los impulsores climáticos y los tipos de ecosistemas. La pendiente promedio para las tendencias lineales (p < 0.05) de PPIINT fue positiva en todos los ecosistemas, entre los cuales los bosques caducifolios de hoja ancha y los bosques perennifolios de hoja de aguja (ENF) mostraron las pendientes medias más altas y más bajas, respectivamente. Más del 50% de los píxeles en ENF, matorrales árticos y boreales y humedales permanentes (PW) tuvieron tendencias lineales. Una gran fracción de PW también mostró tendencias cuadráticas y cúbicas. Estos patrones de tendencia coincidieron bien con las estimaciones de la productividad global de la vegetación basadas en la fluorescencia de la clorofila inducida por el sol. En todos los biomas, PPIINT en píxeles con tendencias lineales mostró valores medios más bajos y coeficientes de correlación parcial más altos con la temperatura o la precipitación que en píxeles sin tendencias lineales. En general, nuestro estudio reveló la aparición de convergencia latitudinal y divergencia en los controles climáticos sobre las tendencias lineales y no lineales de PPIINT, lo que implica que los cambios septentrionales de la vegetación y el cambio climático pueden aumentar potencialmente la naturaleza no lineal de los controles climáticos sobre la productividad de los ecosistemas. Estos resultados pueden mejorar nuestra comprensión y predicción de los cambios inducidos por el clima en la fenología y la productividad de las plantas y facilitar la gestión sostenible de los ecosistemas al tener en cuenta su resiliencia y vulnerabilidad al cambio climático futuro. Recent rapid warming has caused uneven impacts on the composition, structure, and functioning of northern ecosystems. It remains unknown how climatic drivers control linear and non-linear trends in ecosystem productivity. Based on a plant phenology index (PPI) product at a spatial resolution of 0.05° over 2000-2018, we used an automated polynomial fitting scheme to detect and characterize trend types (i.e., polynomial trends and no-trends) in the yearly-integrated PPI (PPIINT) for northern (> 30°N) ecosystems and their dependence on climatic drivers and ecosystem types. The averaged slope for the linear trends (p < 0.05) of PPIINT was positive across all the ecosystems, among which deciduous broadleaved forests and evergreen needle-leaved forests (ENF) showed the highest and lowest mean slopes, respectively. More than 50% of the pixels in ENF, arctic and boreal shrublands, and permanent wetlands (PW) had linear trends. A large fraction of PW also showed quadratic and cubic trends. These trend patterns agreed well with estimates of global vegetation productivity based on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. Across all the biomes, PPIINT in pixels with linear trends showed lower mean values and higher partial correlation coefficients with temperature or precipitation than in pixels without linear trends. Overall, our study revealed the emergence of latitudinal convergence and divergence in climatic controls on the linear and non-linear trends of PPIINT, implying that northern shifts of vegetation and climate change may potentially increase the non-linear nature of climatic controls on ecosystem productivity. These results can improve our understanding and prediction of climate-induced changes in plant phenology and productivity and facilitate sustainable management of ecosystems by accounting for their resilience and vulnerability to future climate change. تسبب الاحترار السريع الأخير في تأثيرات غير متكافئة على تكوين وبنية وأداء النظم الإيكولوجية الشمالية. لا يزال من غير المعروف كيف تتحكم المحركات المناخية في الاتجاهات الخطية وغير الخطية في إنتاجية النظام البيئي. استنادًا إلى منتج مؤشر الفينولوجيا النباتية (PPI) بدقة مكانية تبلغ 0.05درجة خلال الفترة 2000-2018، استخدمنا مخططًا آليًا للتركيب متعدد الحدود لاكتشاف وتمييز أنواع الاتجاهات (أي الاتجاهات متعددة الحدود وعدم وجود اتجاهات) في مؤشر أسعار المنتجين السنوي المتكامل (PPIINT) للنظم الإيكولوجية الشمالية (> 30درجةشمالًا) واعتمادها على الدوافع المناخية وأنواع النظم الإيكولوجية. كان المنحدر المتوسط للاتجاهات الخطية (p < 0.05) لـ PPIINT إيجابيًا في جميع النظم الإيكولوجية، من بينها الغابات المتساقطة ذات الأوراق العريضة والغابات دائمة الخضرة ذات الأوراق الإبرية (ENF) التي أظهرت أعلى وأدنى المنحدرات المتوسطة، على التوالي. كان لأكثر من 50 ٪ من وحدات البكسل في ENF، والشجيرات القطبية والشمالية، والأراضي الرطبة الدائمة (PW) اتجاهات خطية. أظهر جزء كبير من المياه الصالحة للشرب أيضًا اتجاهات تربيعية ومكعبة. اتفقت أنماط الاتجاه هذه بشكل جيد مع تقديرات إنتاجية الغطاء النباتي العالمي بناءً على فلورة الكلوروفيل المستحثة بالطاقة الشمسية. في جميع المناطق الحيوية، أظهر PPIINT بالبكسل مع الاتجاهات الخطية قيمًا متوسطة أقل ومعاملات ارتباط جزئية أعلى مع درجة الحرارة أو هطول الأمطار مقارنة بالبكسل بدون اتجاهات خطية. بشكل عام، كشفت دراستنا عن ظهور تقارب وتباعد خطوط العرض في الضوابط المناخية على الاتجاهات الخطية وغير الخطية لـ PPIINT، مما يعني أن التحولات الشمالية للغطاء النباتي وتغير المناخ قد تزيد من الطبيعة غير الخطية للضوابط المناخية على إنتاجية النظام الإيكولوجي. يمكن أن تحسن هذه النتائج فهمنا وتنبؤنا بالتغيرات الناجمة عن المناخ في علم الظواهر النباتية والإنتاجية وتسهيل الإدارة المستدامة للنظم الإيكولوجية من خلال مراعاة مرونتها وقابليتها للتأثر بتغير المناخ في المستقبل.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The Science of The T...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    The Science of The Total Environment
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/nq...
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The Science of The T...arrow_drop_down
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      The Science of The Total Environment
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/nq...
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ruling Yuan; Jun Pu; Dan Wu; Qingbai Wu; +3 Authors

    Replacing fossil fuels with bioenergy is crucial to achieving sustainable development and carbon neutrality. To determine the priorities and developing trends of bioenergy technology, related publications from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed using bibliometric method. Results demonstrated that the number of publications on bioenergy increased rapidly since 2005, and the average growth rate from 2005 to 2011 reached a maximum of 20% per year. In terms of publication quantity, impact, and international collaboration, the USA had been leading the research of bioenergy technology, followed by China and European countries. Co-occurrence analysis using author keywords identified six clusters about this topic, which are “biodiesel and transesterification”, “biogas and anaerobic digestion”, “bioethanol and fermentation”, “bio-oil and pyrolysis”, “microalgae and lipid”, and “biohydrogen and gasification or dark fermentation”. Among the six clusters, three of them relate to liquid biofuel, attributing that the liquid products of biomass are exceptional alternatives to fossil fuels for heavy transportation and aviation. Lignocellulose and microalgae were identified as the most promising raw materials, and pretreating technologies and efficient catalysts have received special attention. The sharp increase of “pyrolysis” and “gasification” from 2011 to 2020 suggested that those technologies about thermochemical conversion have been well studied in recent years. Some new research trends, such as applying nanoparticles in transesterification, and hydrothermal liquefaction in producing bio-oil from microalgae, will get a breakthrough in the coming years.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ International Journa...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ International Journa...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Wenhui Wang; Huijun Jin; Ze Zhang; Mikhail N. Zhelezniak; +11 Authors

    As one of the best indicators of the periglacial environment, ice-wedge polygons (IWPs) are important for arctic landscapes, hydrology, engineering, and ecosystems. Thus, a better understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics and evolution of IWPs is key to evaluating the hydrothermal state and carbon budgets of the arctic permafrost environment. In this paper, the dynamics of ground surface deformation (GSD) in IWP zones (2018–2019) and their influencing factors over the last 20 years in Saskylakh, northwestern Yakutia, Russia were investigated using the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Google Earth Engine (GEE). The results show an annual ground surface deformation rate (AGSDR) in Saskylakh at −49.73 to 45.97 mm/a during the period from 1 June 2018 to 3 May 2019. All the selected GSD regions indicate that the relationship between GSD and land surface temperature (LST) is positive (upheaving) for regions with larger AGSDR, and negative (subsidence) for regions with lower AGSDR. The most drastic deformation was observed at the Aeroport regions with GSDs rates of −37.06 mm/a at tower and 35.45 mm/a at runway. The GSDs are negatively correlated with the LST of most low-centered polygons (LCPs) and high-centered polygons (HCPs). Specifically, the higher the vegetation cover, the higher the LST and the thicker the active layer. An evident permafrost degradation has been observed in Saskylakh as reflected in higher ground temperatures, lusher vegetation, greater active layer thickness, and fluctuant numbers and areal extents of thermokarst lakes and ponds.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Remote Sensingarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Remote Sensing
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Remote Sensing
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Remote Sensingarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Remote Sensing
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Remote Sensing
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Yanhui You; Qihao Yu; Xinbin Wang; Lei Guo; +2 Authors

    AbstractThe thermal effects of cast‐in‐place piles on the surrounding permafrost frequently induce deformation or failure of piles in permafrost regions. Because piles are directly inserted into the permafrost layer, the thermal disturbance of the piles is more straightforward than that of road embankments to the permafrost. Thermosyphons have proven to be effective in stabilizing the embankments of highways and railways in permafrost regions. However, the effects of thermosyphons on the thermal regime and stability of the cast‐in‐place piles remain unclear. The foundation soils of most piles in permafrost regions along the Qinghai‐Tibet Power Transmission Line were cooled by thermosyphons, and the results of a 7‐year‐period monitoring of ground temperature and deformation of a pile are presented in this paper. The results showed that the extent of thawed permafrost during the installation of the pile extended more than 5 m away from the pile. Thermosyphons shortened the refreezing time by more than 2 months. Thermosyphons cooled the surrounding permafrost to temperatures below the ambient ground temperature at the end of the cold seasons, and the temperature difference lasted until the end of the warm seasons owing to cold reserves formed in the cold season. The thermosyphons mitigated the thermal effects of the concrete pile owing to their higher thermal conductivity. Thermosyphons also significantly decreased the rate of active layer thickening around the pile compared to that observed in a natural field under a warming climate. Generally, thermosyphons stabilized the piles during the observation period by cooling the permafrost around the pile and producing a greater adfreeze force to counteract the frost heave force and subsequently support the tower. Additional thermosyphons or insulation measures may be necessary to ensure the long‐term stability of piles, considering a faster degradation of the ambient permafrost than expected. The results may provide insights into the design and maintenance of cast‐in‐place piles in warm permafrost regions.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Permafrost and Perig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Permafrost and Periglacial Processes
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Permafrost and Perig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Permafrost and Periglacial Processes
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Wenxin Zhang; Hongxiao Jin; Sadegh Jamali; Zheng Duan; +16 Authors

    Le réchauffement rapide récent a eu des impacts inégaux sur la composition, la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes nordiques. On ne sait toujours pas comment les facteurs climatiques contrôlent les tendances linéaires et non linéaires de la productivité des écosystèmes. Sur la base d'un produit d'indice de phénologie végétale (IPP) à une résolution spatiale de 0,05° sur 2000-2018, nous avons utilisé un schéma d'ajustement polynomial automatisé pour détecter et caractériser les types de tendances (c.-à-d. tendances polynomiales et non tendances) dans l'IPP annuel intégré (PPIINT) pour les écosystèmes nordiques (> 30°N) et leur dépendance aux facteurs climatiques et aux types d'écosystèmes. La pente moyenne pour les tendances linéaires (p < 0,05) de PPIINT était positive dans tous les écosystèmes, parmi lesquels les forêts de feuillus à feuilles larges et les forêts de feuillus à aiguilles (ENF) ont montré les pentes moyennes les plus élevées et les plus basses, respectivement. Plus de 50% des pixels dans les ENF, les arbustes arctiques et boréaux et les zones humides permanentes (PW) avaient des tendances linéaires. Une grande fraction de PW a également montré des tendances quadratiques et cubiques. Ces tendances concordent bien avec les estimations de la productivité globale de la végétation basées sur la fluorescence de la chlorophylle induite par le soleil. Dans tous les biomes, PPIINT dans les pixels avec des tendances linéaires a montré des valeurs moyennes plus faibles et des coefficients de corrélation partielle plus élevés avec la température ou les précipitations que dans les pixels sans tendances linéaires. Dans l'ensemble, notre étude a révélé l'émergence d'une convergence latitudinale et d'une divergence dans les contrôles climatiques sur les tendances linéaires et non linéaires de PPIINT, ce qui implique que les déplacements nordiques de la végétation et le changement climatique peuvent potentiellement augmenter la nature non linéaire des contrôles climatiques sur la productivité des écosystèmes. Ces résultats peuvent améliorer notre compréhension et notre prévision des changements induits par le climat dans la phénologie et la productivité des plantes et faciliter la gestion durable des écosystèmes en tenant compte de leur résilience et de leur vulnérabilité au changement climatique futur. El rápido calentamiento reciente ha causado impactos desiguales en la composición, estructura y funcionamiento de los ecosistemas del norte. Se desconoce cómo los impulsores climáticos controlan las tendencias lineales y no lineales en la productividad de los ecosistemas. Con base en un producto de índice de fenología vegetal (PPI) a una resolución espacial de 0.05° durante 2000-2018, utilizamos un esquema de ajuste polinómico automatizado para detectar y caracterizar los tipos de tendencias (es decir, tendencias polinómicas y no tendencias) en el PPI integrado anual (PPIINT) para los ecosistemas del norte (> 30°N) y su dependencia de los impulsores climáticos y los tipos de ecosistemas. La pendiente promedio para las tendencias lineales (p < 0.05) de PPIINT fue positiva en todos los ecosistemas, entre los cuales los bosques caducifolios de hoja ancha y los bosques perennifolios de hoja de aguja (ENF) mostraron las pendientes medias más altas y más bajas, respectivamente. Más del 50% de los píxeles en ENF, matorrales árticos y boreales y humedales permanentes (PW) tuvieron tendencias lineales. Una gran fracción de PW también mostró tendencias cuadráticas y cúbicas. Estos patrones de tendencia coincidieron bien con las estimaciones de la productividad global de la vegetación basadas en la fluorescencia de la clorofila inducida por el sol. En todos los biomas, PPIINT en píxeles con tendencias lineales mostró valores medios más bajos y coeficientes de correlación parcial más altos con la temperatura o la precipitación que en píxeles sin tendencias lineales. En general, nuestro estudio reveló la aparición de convergencia latitudinal y divergencia en los controles climáticos sobre las tendencias lineales y no lineales de PPIINT, lo que implica que los cambios septentrionales de la vegetación y el cambio climático pueden aumentar potencialmente la naturaleza no lineal de los controles climáticos sobre la productividad de los ecosistemas. Estos resultados pueden mejorar nuestra comprensión y predicción de los cambios inducidos por el clima en la fenología y la productividad de las plantas y facilitar la gestión sostenible de los ecosistemas al tener en cuenta su resiliencia y vulnerabilidad al cambio climático futuro. Recent rapid warming has caused uneven impacts on the composition, structure, and functioning of northern ecosystems. It remains unknown how climatic drivers control linear and non-linear trends in ecosystem productivity. Based on a plant phenology index (PPI) product at a spatial resolution of 0.05° over 2000-2018, we used an automated polynomial fitting scheme to detect and characterize trend types (i.e., polynomial trends and no-trends) in the yearly-integrated PPI (PPIINT) for northern (> 30°N) ecosystems and their dependence on climatic drivers and ecosystem types. The averaged slope for the linear trends (p < 0.05) of PPIINT was positive across all the ecosystems, among which deciduous broadleaved forests and evergreen needle-leaved forests (ENF) showed the highest and lowest mean slopes, respectively. More than 50% of the pixels in ENF, arctic and boreal shrublands, and permanent wetlands (PW) had linear trends. A large fraction of PW also showed quadratic and cubic trends. These trend patterns agreed well with estimates of global vegetation productivity based on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. Across all the biomes, PPIINT in pixels with linear trends showed lower mean values and higher partial correlation coefficients with temperature or precipitation than in pixels without linear trends. Overall, our study revealed the emergence of latitudinal convergence and divergence in climatic controls on the linear and non-linear trends of PPIINT, implying that northern shifts of vegetation and climate change may potentially increase the non-linear nature of climatic controls on ecosystem productivity. These results can improve our understanding and prediction of climate-induced changes in plant phenology and productivity and facilitate sustainable management of ecosystems by accounting for their resilience and vulnerability to future climate change. تسبب الاحترار السريع الأخير في تأثيرات غير متكافئة على تكوين وبنية وأداء النظم الإيكولوجية الشمالية. لا يزال من غير المعروف كيف تتحكم المحركات المناخية في الاتجاهات الخطية وغير الخطية في إنتاجية النظام البيئي. استنادًا إلى منتج مؤشر الفينولوجيا النباتية (PPI) بدقة مكانية تبلغ 0.05درجة خلال الفترة 2000-2018، استخدمنا مخططًا آليًا للتركيب متعدد الحدود لاكتشاف وتمييز أنواع الاتجاهات (أي الاتجاهات متعددة الحدود وعدم وجود اتجاهات) في مؤشر أسعار المنتجين السنوي المتكامل (PPIINT) للنظم الإيكولوجية الشمالية (> 30درجةشمالًا) واعتمادها على الدوافع المناخية وأنواع النظم الإيكولوجية. كان المنحدر المتوسط للاتجاهات الخطية (p < 0.05) لـ PPIINT إيجابيًا في جميع النظم الإيكولوجية، من بينها الغابات المتساقطة ذات الأوراق العريضة والغابات دائمة الخضرة ذات الأوراق الإبرية (ENF) التي أظهرت أعلى وأدنى المنحدرات المتوسطة، على التوالي. كان لأكثر من 50 ٪ من وحدات البكسل في ENF، والشجيرات القطبية والشمالية، والأراضي الرطبة الدائمة (PW) اتجاهات خطية. أظهر جزء كبير من المياه الصالحة للشرب أيضًا اتجاهات تربيعية ومكعبة. اتفقت أنماط الاتجاه هذه بشكل جيد مع تقديرات إنتاجية الغطاء النباتي العالمي بناءً على فلورة الكلوروفيل المستحثة بالطاقة الشمسية. في جميع المناطق الحيوية، أظهر PPIINT بالبكسل مع الاتجاهات الخطية قيمًا متوسطة أقل ومعاملات ارتباط جزئية أعلى مع درجة الحرارة أو هطول الأمطار مقارنة بالبكسل بدون اتجاهات خطية. بشكل عام، كشفت دراستنا عن ظهور تقارب وتباعد خطوط العرض في الضوابط المناخية على الاتجاهات الخطية وغير الخطية لـ PPIINT، مما يعني أن التحولات الشمالية للغطاء النباتي وتغير المناخ قد تزيد من الطبيعة غير الخطية للضوابط المناخية على إنتاجية النظام الإيكولوجي. يمكن أن تحسن هذه النتائج فهمنا وتنبؤنا بالتغيرات الناجمة عن المناخ في علم الظواهر النباتية والإنتاجية وتسهيل الإدارة المستدامة للنظم الإيكولوجية من خلال مراعاة مرونتها وقابليتها للتأثر بتغير المناخ في المستقبل.

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    The Science of The Total Environment
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      The Science of The Total Environment
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