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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Andrew Adewale Alola; Festus Victor Bekun; Hephzibah Onyeje Obekpa; Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo;

    L'amélioration de la performance environnementale du mix énergétique est importante pour l'objectif mondial de neutralité carbone. Compte tenu de cette motivation, cette étude cherche à fournir plus d'explications sur le rôle des approches innovantes des ressources énergétiques du charbon, du pétrole et du gaz naturel dans les économies nordiques, à savoir le Danemark, la Finlande, la Norvège et la Suède au cours de la période 2000–2019. Pour atteindre cet objectif et obtenir un aperçu fondé sur des données probantes pour la formulation des politiques, la présente étude s'est appuyée sur des estimateurs économétriques robustes qui contournent les problèmes de dépendance et d'hétérogénéité transversales dans les blocs étudiés. Les données empiriques montrent que la croissance économique (PIB), l'énergie du charbon, le pétrole et le gaz naturel contribuent à la dégradation de l'environnement des économies nordiques à court et à long terme. Au contraire, l'innovation via des brevets liés à l'environnement atténue la dégradation de l'environnement, en particulier à long terme. En outre, les modèles d'interaction, c'est-à-dire l'application d'approches innovantes dans la consommation du bouquet énergétique, peuvent atténuer les émissions de carbone dans tous les pays, améliorant ainsi considérablement la durabilité environnementale. Plus précisément, les approches innovantes en matière de consommation de charbon, de pétrole et de gaz naturel améliorent la durabilité environnementale en atténuant les émissions de carbone, offrant ainsi des améliorations respectives de l'efficacité environnementale d'environ94 %, d'environ108 % et d'environ123 %. De plus, les preuves de causalité de Granger suggèrent en outre que les facteurs examinés sont des facteurs importants de l'indicateur environnemental. En ce qui concerne la compréhension des politiques, cette étude affirme qu'une amélioration supplémentaire des économies d'énergie est essentielle au déploiement continu du bouquet énergétique conventionnel. Mejorar el rendimiento de eficiencia ambiental de la combinación energética es importante para el objetivo global de neutralidad de carbono. Dada esta motivación, este estudio profundiza en proporcionar más explicaciones sobre el papel de los enfoques de innovación para los recursos energéticos de carbón, petróleo y gas natural en las economías nórdicas, es decir, Dinamarca, Finlandia, Noruega y Suecia durante el período 2000–2019. Para lograr este objetivo y alcanzar una visión basada en la evidencia para la formulación de políticas, el presente estudio aprovechó los robustos estimadores econométricos del panel que eluden los problemas de dependencia y heterogeneidad transversal en los bloques investigados. La evidencia empírica muestra que el crecimiento económico (PIB), la energía del carbón, el petróleo y el gas natural contribuyen a la degradación ambiental de las economías nórdicas a corto y largo plazo. Por el contrario, la innovación a través de patentes relacionadas con el medio ambiente mitiga la degradación ambiental, especialmente a largo plazo. Además, los modelos de interacción, es decir, la aplicación de enfoques innovadores en el consumo de la combinación energética, pueden mitigar las emisiones de carbono en todos los países, mejorando así significativamente la sostenibilidad ambiental. Específicamente, los enfoques innovadores en el consumo de carbón, petróleo y gas natural mejoran la sostenibilidad ambiental al mitigar las emisiones de carbono, lo que ofrece mejoras de eficiencia ambiental respectivas de ~94%, ~108% y ~123%. Además, la evidencia de causalidad de Granger sugiere además que los factores examinados son impulsores significativos del indicador ambiental. En cuanto a la visión de las políticas, este estudio afirma que una mayor mejora en el ahorro de energía es vital para desplegar continuamente la combinación energética convencional. Improving the environmental efficiency performance of energy mix is important to the global carbon neutrality goal. Given this motivation, this study delves into providing more explanation about the role of innovation approaches to coal, oil, and natural gas energy resources in the Nordic economies i.e., Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden during the period 2000–2019. To achieve this objective and reach an evidence-based insight for policy formulation, the present study leveraged robust panel econometrics estimators that circumvent cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity issues in the investigated blocs. The empirical evidence shows that economic growth (GDP), coal energy, oil and natural gas contribute to the Nordic economies' environmental degradation in the short- and long-run. Contrarily, innovation via environmental-related patents mitigates environmental degradation, especially in the long run. Furthermore, the interaction models, i.e., applying innovative approaches in the energy mix's consumption, can mitigate carbon emissions across the countries, thus significantly improving environmental sustainability. Specifically, innovative approaches in coal, oil, and natural gas consumption improve environmental sustainability by mitigating carbon emissions, thus delivering respective environmental efficiency improvements of ∼94%, ∼108%, and ∼123%. Additionally, Granger causality evidence further suggests that the examined factors are significant drivers of the environmental indicator. Regarding policy insight, this study affirms that further improvement in energy savings is vital to continuously deploying the conventional energy mix. يعد تحسين أداء الكفاءة البيئية لمزيج الطاقة أمرًا مهمًا لتحقيق هدف حياد الكربون العالمي. بالنظر إلى هذا الدافع، تتعمق هذه الدراسة في تقديم المزيد من التوضيح حول دور مناهج الابتكار في موارد طاقة الفحم والنفط والغاز الطبيعي في اقتصادات الشمال الأوروبي، أي الدنمارك وفنلندا والنرويج والسويد خلال الفترة 2000–2019. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف والوصول إلى رؤية قائمة على الأدلة لصياغة السياسات، استفادت الدراسة الحالية من مقدرين اقتصاديين قويين للوحة يتحايلون على قضايا الاعتماد المستعرض وعدم التجانس في الكتل التي تم التحقيق فيها. تُظهر الأدلة التجريبية أن النمو الاقتصادي (الناتج المحلي الإجمالي) وطاقة الفحم والنفط والغاز الطبيعي تساهم في التدهور البيئي لاقتصادات بلدان الشمال الأوروبي على المدى القصير والطويل. وعلى النقيض من ذلك، فإن الابتكار من خلال براءات الاختراع المتعلقة بالبيئة يخفف من التدهور البيئي، خاصة على المدى الطويل. علاوة على ذلك، يمكن لنماذج التفاعل، أي تطبيق مناهج مبتكرة في استهلاك مزيج الطاقة، أن تخفف من انبعاثات الكربون في جميع البلدان، وبالتالي تحسن الاستدامة البيئية بشكل كبير. على وجه التحديد، تعمل الأساليب المبتكرة في استهلاك الفحم والنفط والغاز الطبيعي على تحسين الاستدامة البيئية من خلال التخفيف من انبعاثات الكربون، وبالتالي تحقيق تحسينات في الكفاءة البيئية بنسبة 94 ٪ و 108 ٪ و 123 ٪. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تشير أدلة سببية جرانجر أيضًا إلى أن العوامل التي تم فحصها هي محركات مهمة للمؤشر البيئي. فيما يتعلق برؤية السياسة، تؤكد هذه الدراسة أن المزيد من التحسين في توفير الطاقة أمر حيوي للنشر المستمر لمزيج الطاقة التقليدية.

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    Energy Reports
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Energy Reports
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      Energy Reports
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      Energy Reports
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    Authors: Djomo Choumbou Raoul Fani; Ukpe Udeme Henrietta; Emmanuel Njock Oben; Donald Denen Dzever; +5 Authors

    The role played by youth in agriculture cannot be overemphasized, while agribusinesses are important generators of employment and income worldwide. Improving the sustainability of food value chains can benefit millions of rural poor people living in developing countries, especially young women. Despite policies and programs aimed at encouraging agricultural entrepreneurs, they are still facing challenges such as high-cost agrochemicals, limited access to credit, price volatility, etc. which seriously affect their capacity to remain in the sector. This study was undertaken to assess the performance and participation of young male and female entrepreneurs. This study made use of cross-section data from a survey conducted on 1019 young agricultural entrepreneurs in Cameroon. The data were analyzed using gross margin, student t-test, and logistic regression. Our study contributes to the literature by showing that young women agribusiness entrepreneurs are as competitive as their male counterparts and that the opportunities for young women in agriculture are good. Incentives such as single-digit interest rates and no collateral security should be directed to young women to receive more credit for purchasing agrochemicals and improved varieties of seed. Furthermore, a price control policy should be set up throughout the year to enable young women earn as their young men counterparts to enable them remain in production and marketing activities.

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    Sustainability
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Andrew Adewale Alola; Ali Kemal Çelik; Hephzibah Onyeje Obekpa; U.S.M.A.N. Ojonugwa; +1 Authors

    La pertinence d'un intrant matériel direct efficace à la fois sur le marché d'exportation et sur les sources matérielles nationales offre des lignes directrices utiles sur la productivité des matériaux et des ressources à partir des dimensions de durabilité économique et environnementale. Dans le contexte actuel, les moteurs de l'efficacité des matériaux et des ressources dans la région nordique sont examinés en utilisant les approches empiriques requises au cours de la période 1995–2020. L'enquête a révélé que les activités économiques caractérisées par le produit intérieur brut (PIB), la croissance de la population urbaine et l'utilisation de l'énergie pétrolière sont toutes préjudiciables à l'efficacité des ressources de la région. Cela implique que l'efficacité de l'utilisation des matériaux ne peut pas être optimisée avec la tendance actuelle du PIB de la région, la croissance de la population urbaine et l'utilisation d'énergie sale. Au contraire, les résultats ont révélé que l'utilisation d'énergies alternatives par rapport aux énergies renouvelables sont des indicateurs clés pour stimuler l'efficacité des matériaux et des ressources dans la région, soutenant ainsi davantage l'objectif inévitable de transition énergétique de la région. Ces résultats mis en évidence aux côtés de l'inférence de causalité de Granger offrent des mesures de développement durable qui sont spécifiquement motivées par l'amélioration de l'efficacité et l'optimisation du rendement. La relevancia de los insumos materiales directos eficientes a través del mercado de exportación y las fuentes de materiales nacionales ofrece pautas útiles de productividad de materiales y recursos desde las dimensiones de sostenibilidad económica y ambiental. En el contexto actual, los impulsores de la eficiencia de materiales y recursos en la región nórdica se examinan utilizando los enfoques empíricos necesarios durante el período 1995–2020. La investigación reveló que las actividades económicas que se caracterizan por el producto interno bruto (PIB) junto con el crecimiento de la población urbana y la utilización de la energía del petróleo son perjudiciales para la eficiencia de los recursos de la región. Implica que la eficiencia en la utilización de materiales no se puede optimizar con la tendencia actual del PIB de la región, el crecimiento de la población urbana y el uso de energía sucia. Por el contrario, los hallazgos revelaron además que la utilización de energía alternativa frente a las energías renovables son indicadores clave para estimular la eficiencia de materiales y recursos en la región, lo que brinda más apoyo al objetivo inevitable de transición energética de la región. Estos resultados destacados junto con la inferencia de causalidad de Granger ofrecen medidas de desarrollo sostenible que están específicamente motivadas a través de la mejora de la eficiencia y la optimización de la producción. The relevance of efficient direct material input through both export market and domestic material sources offers useful material and resource productivity guidelines from both economic and environmental sustainability dimensions. In the current context, the drivers of material and resource efficiency in the Nordic region are examined by utilizing requisite empirical approaches over the period 1995–2020. The investigation revealed that economic activities which are characterized by Gross domestic product (GDP) alongside the growth of urban population and utilization of oil energy are all detrimental to the region's resource efficiency. It implies that material utilization efficiency cannot be optimized with the current trend of the region's GDP, urban population growth and the use of dirty energy. Contrarily, the findings, further revealed that alternative energy utilization vis-à-vis renewables are key indicators to spur material and resource efficiency in the region, thus throwing more support for the region's unavoidable energy transition goal. These highlighted results alongside the Granger causality inference offer sustainable development measures that are specifically motivated through the improvement of efficient and optimization of output. توفر أهمية المدخلات المادية المباشرة الفعالة من خلال كل من سوق التصدير ومصادر المواد المحلية مبادئ توجيهية مفيدة لإنتاجية المواد والموارد من أبعاد الاستدامة الاقتصادية والبيئية. في السياق الحالي، يتم فحص محركات الكفاءة المادية وكفاءة الموارد في منطقة الشمال الأوروبي من خلال استخدام النهج التجريبية المطلوبة خلال الفترة 1995–2020. وكشف التحقيق أن الأنشطة الاقتصادية التي تتميز بالناتج المحلي الإجمالي إلى جانب نمو سكان الحضر واستخدام الطاقة النفطية كلها تضر بكفاءة استخدام الموارد في المنطقة. وهذا يعني أنه لا يمكن تحسين كفاءة استخدام المواد مع الاتجاه الحالي للناتج المحلي الإجمالي للمنطقة، والنمو السكاني الحضري واستخدام الطاقة القذرة. وعلى النقيض من ذلك، كشفت النتائج كذلك أن استخدام الطاقة البديلة مقابل مصادر الطاقة المتجددة هي مؤشرات رئيسية لتحفيز كفاءة المواد والموارد في المنطقة، وبالتالي تقديم المزيد من الدعم لهدف انتقال الطاقة الذي لا مفر منه في المنطقة. تقدم هذه النتائج البارزة جنبًا إلى جنب مع الاستدلال السببي لجرانجر تدابير التنمية المستدامة التي يتم تحفيزها على وجه التحديد من خلال تحسين الكفاءة وتحسين الإنتاج.

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    Authors: Andrew Adewale Alola; Anar Aliyev; Hephzibah Onyeje Obekpa; Ishaaqa Olagunju;

    Arising from the arrays of man-made factors (including political- and socioeconomic-related factors) and natural disasters across the globe, population displacement, as one of the consequences of the above-mentioned factors, has continued to trigger refugee populations. This is the reason Lebanon (with the highest number of refugees per total population in the world) and Sweden (with the highest number of refugees per total population in Europe) are considered in a comparative investigation. Importantly, this study examines the environmental effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions via the refugee population and fertility rate, alongside the roles of income and natural resource abundance, from 1990 to 2021. The results reveal that fertility rates spur GHG emissions, thereby hampering environmental sustainability in both countries. While the refugee population mitigates GHG emissions in Sweden, the effect is contrary and environmentally damaging in Lebanon. The disparity in the countries’ environmental proactiveness, which has supposedly permeated societal values, especially in Sweden, could have influenced the above result. Meanwhile, in both countries, the refugee populations moderate the effect of the fertility rate, increasing the environmental demerit of the increase in the fertility rate. However, the Swedish income level improvement helps mitigate GHG emissions, thus validating the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in the long run. In Sweden, the natural resource abundance also promotes environmental benefit. Contrarily, in Lebanon, increases in both the natural resource abundance and income per person increase GHG emissions, thus worsening the environmental quality. Finally, this study offers policy recommendations for improving refugee programs.

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    Social Sciences
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    Authors: Oktay Özkan; Hephzibah Onyeje Obekpa; Andrew Adewale Alola;

    India remained the third-largest energy consumer in the world, responsible for around 7% of global carbon emissions due to rising incomes and improving living standards. Although resource extraction has quadrupled since 1970 due to rising population and demand for natural resources, energy use and transformation, notably of fossil fuel energy, have increased by around 45%, thus increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this view, this study aims to explore energy intensity, renewable energy, natural resources, economic growth, and environmental degradation nexus in India. The novel dynamic simulated autoregressive distributed lag and kernel-based regularized least squares (KRLS) approaches are used to explore the effects of energy intensity, renewable energy, natural resources, and economic growth on carbon intensity for India from 1970 to 2020. The empirical results reveal that renewable energy and natural resources improve India's environmental quality via the mitigation of carbon emissions. It is also found that energy intensity and economic growth deteriorate the country's environmental quality by increasing carbon emissions in the short- and long run. A series of robustness estimation affirms the above evidence, thus providing requisite guideline for relevant policy recommendations for the country.

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    Authors: Alola, Andrew Adewale; Doganalp, Nihat; Obekpa; Hephzibah Onyeje;

    AbstractWith the exemption of Canada, the G‐7 countries have largely flourished at the detriment of their ecological sustainability bearing in mind that these countries' have remained ecologically deficit for several decades. Given the potential effect of environmental degradation associated with the trend of ecological deficit of these countries, this study attempts to understand the contribution of renewable energy dimensions through the measure of renewable energy efficiency and renewable energy use alongside evaluating the role of the four main aspects of economic freedom. By using empirical tools, the findings revealed that renewable energy aspects contribute to environmental sustainability among the countries through a significant mitigation of their ecological footprint. Importantly, the aspects of economic freedom, that is, government size, legal system and property rights, freedom to trade internationally, and regulation hampers environmental sustainability by increasing the countries ecological footprint. The elasticity of impact of this dimension of economic freedom is in the range of 0.19–0.21 at 1% statistically significant level. However, population of these countries does not show a detrimental effect, rather the finding revealed that population improves environmental quality by a statistically significant degree. Given these revelations, there are deducible policy take home from this study.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Osuva (University of...arrow_drop_down
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    Sustainable Development
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      Sustainable Development
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    Authors: Andrew Adewale Alola; Ali Kemal Çelik; Usama Awan; İbrahim Abdallah; +1 Authors

    Comprendre les perspectives de la complexité économique des pays est essentiel pour évaluer l'avenir de la caractérisation des produits des industries. Il fournit des opportunités et un aperçu de la façon d'atténuer les externalités négatives qui découlent de la pression croissante sur l'écosystème. Sur cette base, l'effet de la complexité économique et les perspectives correspondantes sur la dégradation de l'environnement vis-à-vis des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) ainsi que d'autres indicateurs environnementaux sont examinés pour le panel du Danemark, de la Finlande, de la Norvège et de la Suède pour la période 1995-2020. Après avoir utilisé les erreurs types de Driscoll-Kraay pour l'effet aléatoire (ER) avec des effets individuels pour l'examen, les résultats indiquent que le niveau de complexité économique de la région favorise la durabilité environnementale. Au contraire, les perspectives de complexité économique stimulent les émissions de GES, suggérant ainsi que les performances futures de la complexité économique de la région pourraient être préjudiciables à son écosystème. Une autre observation similaire et indésirable est que l'augmentation de la population urbaine entrave la qualité de l'environnement car elle provoque une augmentation des émissions de GES. Dans le même temps, les résultats concluent que la croissance économique, la complexité économique et les technologies liées à l'environnement sont des moteurs puissants de la durabilité environnementale, car les indicateurs exercent une pression négative sur les émissions de GES dans la région nordique. Les politiques importantes qui guident potentiellement les activités immédiates et futures à l'échelle du secteur en vue d'améliorer les programmes de développement durable de la région sont énoncées dans les résultats de l'étude. Comprender las perspectivas de la complejidad económica de los países es vital para evaluar el futuro de la caracterización de los productos de las industrias. Proporciona oportunidades y conocimientos sobre cómo mitigar las externalidades negativas que surgen de la creciente presión sobre el ecosistema. Con base en esta cuenta, se examina el efecto de la complejidad económica y la perspectiva correspondiente sobre la degradación ambiental con respecto a las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) junto con otros indicadores ambientales para el panel de Dinamarca, Finlandia, Noruega y Suecia para el período 1995 a 2020. Después de emplear los errores estándar de Driscoll-Kraay para el efecto aleatorio (RE) con efectos individuales para el examen, los resultados indican que el nivel de complejidad económica de la región favorece la sostenibilidad ambiental. Por el contrario, la perspectiva de complejidad económica estimula las emisiones de GEI, lo que sugiere que el desempeño futuro de la complejidad económica de la región podría ser perjudicial para su ecosistema. Otra constatación similar e indeseable es que el aumento de la población urbana dificulta la calidad ambiental ya que provoca un aumento de las emisiones de GEI. Mientras tanto, los resultados concluyen que el crecimiento económico, la complejidad económica y las tecnologías relacionadas con el medio ambiente son potentes impulsores de la sostenibilidad ambiental, ya que los indicadores ejercen una presión negativa sobre las emisiones de GEI en la región nórdica. Las políticas importantes que potencialmente guían las actividades inmediatas y futuras de todo el sector hacia la mejora de los programas de desarrollo sostenible de la región se postulan a través del resultado del estudio. Understanding the outlook of countries' economic complexity is vital for assessing the future of industries' product characterization. It provides opportunity and insight on how to mitigate the negative externalities that arises from the increasing pressure on the ecosystem. Based on this account, the effect of economic complexity and the corresponding outlook on environmental degradation vis-a-vis greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions alongside other environmental indicators are examined for the panel of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden for the period 1995 to 2020. After employing Driscoll- Kraay's standard errors for random effect (RE) with individual effects for the examination, the results indicate that the region's level of economic complexity favors environmental sustainability. Contrarily, the economic complexity outlook spurs GHG emissions, thus suggesting that future performance of the region's economic complexity could be detrimental to its ecosystem. Another similar, and undesirable observation is that the increase in urban population hampers environmental quality as it causes a surge in GHG emissions. Meanwhile, the results then conclude that economic growth, economic complexity, and environmental-related technologies are found to be potent drivers of environmental sustainability as the indicators exert negative pressure on GHG emissions in the Nordic region. Important policies that potentially guide immediate, and future sector-wide activities toward enhancing the region's sustainable development programs are posited through the study outcome. يعد فهم توقعات التعقيد الاقتصادي للبلدان أمرًا حيويًا لتقييم مستقبل توصيف منتجات الصناعات. وهو يوفر فرصة ونظرة ثاقبة حول كيفية التخفيف من العوامل الخارجية السلبية التي تنشأ عن الضغط المتزايد على النظام البيئي. بناءً على هذا الحساب، يتم فحص تأثير التعقيد الاقتصادي والتوقعات المقابلة على التدهور البيئي مقابل انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة جنبًا إلى جنب مع المؤشرات البيئية الأخرى لفريق الدنمارك وفنلندا والنرويج والسويد للفترة من 1995 إلى 2020. بعد استخدام أخطاء دريسكول- كراي القياسية للتأثير العشوائي مع التأثيرات الفردية للفحص، تشير النتائج إلى أن مستوى التعقيد الاقتصادي في المنطقة يفضل الاستدامة البيئية. وعلى النقيض من ذلك، فإن توقعات التعقيد الاقتصادي تحفز انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة، مما يشير إلى أن الأداء المستقبلي للتعقيد الاقتصادي للمنطقة يمكن أن يضر بنظامها الإيكولوجي. ملاحظة أخرى مماثلة وغير مرغوب فيها هي أن الزيادة في عدد سكان الحضر تعوق الجودة البيئية لأنها تسبب طفرة في انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة. وفي الوقت نفسه، خلصت النتائج إلى أن النمو الاقتصادي والتعقيد الاقتصادي والتقنيات المتعلقة بالبيئة هي محركات قوية للاستدامة البيئية حيث تمارس المؤشرات ضغطًا سلبيًا على انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة في منطقة الشمال الأوروبي. يتم طرح سياسات مهمة يمكن أن توجه الأنشطة الفورية والمستقبلية على مستوى القطاع نحو تعزيز برامج التنمية المستدامة في المنطقة من خلال نتائج الدراسة.

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    Journal of Cleaner Production
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      Journal of Cleaner Production
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    Authors: Alola, Andrew Adewale; Muoneke, Obumneke Bob; Okere, Kingsley Ikechukwu; Obekpa; +1 Authors

    The increasing human activities amidst competition for resources across the globe has made environmental challenges an ongoing classic problem, thus prompting policymakers to continually seek effective solution while ensuring sustainable development. With the wide coverage of the relevance of the double dividend hypothesis in explaining the co-benefit of environmental tax, there is a dearth of evidence in the literature to suggest that environmental tax offers green dividends for both the environment and agricultural practice in the European countries. As such, this study employed the more recent Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) alongside other approaches for Europe's largest agrarian economies (France, Germany, Italy, and Spain) over the annual period 1995-2020. The investigation affirms the validity of the co-benefit of environmental tax as far as environmental sustainability and value-added to agriculture are concerned in this panel of 'Big Four' economies, thus motivating the countries to relentlessly pursue the carbon-neutral 2050 target. Moreover, the study aligns with the expectation that renewable energy utilization and population density are desirable factors for achieving a carbon-neutral target. Lastly, the findings suggest that environmental quality is attainable in the panel, especially as increasing income surpasses a certain threshold, thus validating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Above all, the findings provide timely policy insight that accommodates both the environmental sustainability and food security framework of the European Union. The policy options relevant in light of the study's conclusions include that the decision makers in the selected agrarian economies should ramp up energy transition opportunities through a resilient environmental tax system that incentives availability of credit and investment financing in the agriculture sector.

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    Journal of Environmental Management
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      Journal of Environmental Management
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8 Research products
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Andrew Adewale Alola; Festus Victor Bekun; Hephzibah Onyeje Obekpa; Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo;

    L'amélioration de la performance environnementale du mix énergétique est importante pour l'objectif mondial de neutralité carbone. Compte tenu de cette motivation, cette étude cherche à fournir plus d'explications sur le rôle des approches innovantes des ressources énergétiques du charbon, du pétrole et du gaz naturel dans les économies nordiques, à savoir le Danemark, la Finlande, la Norvège et la Suède au cours de la période 2000–2019. Pour atteindre cet objectif et obtenir un aperçu fondé sur des données probantes pour la formulation des politiques, la présente étude s'est appuyée sur des estimateurs économétriques robustes qui contournent les problèmes de dépendance et d'hétérogénéité transversales dans les blocs étudiés. Les données empiriques montrent que la croissance économique (PIB), l'énergie du charbon, le pétrole et le gaz naturel contribuent à la dégradation de l'environnement des économies nordiques à court et à long terme. Au contraire, l'innovation via des brevets liés à l'environnement atténue la dégradation de l'environnement, en particulier à long terme. En outre, les modèles d'interaction, c'est-à-dire l'application d'approches innovantes dans la consommation du bouquet énergétique, peuvent atténuer les émissions de carbone dans tous les pays, améliorant ainsi considérablement la durabilité environnementale. Plus précisément, les approches innovantes en matière de consommation de charbon, de pétrole et de gaz naturel améliorent la durabilité environnementale en atténuant les émissions de carbone, offrant ainsi des améliorations respectives de l'efficacité environnementale d'environ94 %, d'environ108 % et d'environ123 %. De plus, les preuves de causalité de Granger suggèrent en outre que les facteurs examinés sont des facteurs importants de l'indicateur environnemental. En ce qui concerne la compréhension des politiques, cette étude affirme qu'une amélioration supplémentaire des économies d'énergie est essentielle au déploiement continu du bouquet énergétique conventionnel. Mejorar el rendimiento de eficiencia ambiental de la combinación energética es importante para el objetivo global de neutralidad de carbono. Dada esta motivación, este estudio profundiza en proporcionar más explicaciones sobre el papel de los enfoques de innovación para los recursos energéticos de carbón, petróleo y gas natural en las economías nórdicas, es decir, Dinamarca, Finlandia, Noruega y Suecia durante el período 2000–2019. Para lograr este objetivo y alcanzar una visión basada en la evidencia para la formulación de políticas, el presente estudio aprovechó los robustos estimadores econométricos del panel que eluden los problemas de dependencia y heterogeneidad transversal en los bloques investigados. La evidencia empírica muestra que el crecimiento económico (PIB), la energía del carbón, el petróleo y el gas natural contribuyen a la degradación ambiental de las economías nórdicas a corto y largo plazo. Por el contrario, la innovación a través de patentes relacionadas con el medio ambiente mitiga la degradación ambiental, especialmente a largo plazo. Además, los modelos de interacción, es decir, la aplicación de enfoques innovadores en el consumo de la combinación energética, pueden mitigar las emisiones de carbono en todos los países, mejorando así significativamente la sostenibilidad ambiental. Específicamente, los enfoques innovadores en el consumo de carbón, petróleo y gas natural mejoran la sostenibilidad ambiental al mitigar las emisiones de carbono, lo que ofrece mejoras de eficiencia ambiental respectivas de ~94%, ~108% y ~123%. Además, la evidencia de causalidad de Granger sugiere además que los factores examinados son impulsores significativos del indicador ambiental. En cuanto a la visión de las políticas, este estudio afirma que una mayor mejora en el ahorro de energía es vital para desplegar continuamente la combinación energética convencional. Improving the environmental efficiency performance of energy mix is important to the global carbon neutrality goal. Given this motivation, this study delves into providing more explanation about the role of innovation approaches to coal, oil, and natural gas energy resources in the Nordic economies i.e., Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden during the period 2000–2019. To achieve this objective and reach an evidence-based insight for policy formulation, the present study leveraged robust panel econometrics estimators that circumvent cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity issues in the investigated blocs. The empirical evidence shows that economic growth (GDP), coal energy, oil and natural gas contribute to the Nordic economies' environmental degradation in the short- and long-run. Contrarily, innovation via environmental-related patents mitigates environmental degradation, especially in the long run. Furthermore, the interaction models, i.e., applying innovative approaches in the energy mix's consumption, can mitigate carbon emissions across the countries, thus significantly improving environmental sustainability. Specifically, innovative approaches in coal, oil, and natural gas consumption improve environmental sustainability by mitigating carbon emissions, thus delivering respective environmental efficiency improvements of ∼94%, ∼108%, and ∼123%. Additionally, Granger causality evidence further suggests that the examined factors are significant drivers of the environmental indicator. Regarding policy insight, this study affirms that further improvement in energy savings is vital to continuously deploying the conventional energy mix. يعد تحسين أداء الكفاءة البيئية لمزيج الطاقة أمرًا مهمًا لتحقيق هدف حياد الكربون العالمي. بالنظر إلى هذا الدافع، تتعمق هذه الدراسة في تقديم المزيد من التوضيح حول دور مناهج الابتكار في موارد طاقة الفحم والنفط والغاز الطبيعي في اقتصادات الشمال الأوروبي، أي الدنمارك وفنلندا والنرويج والسويد خلال الفترة 2000–2019. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف والوصول إلى رؤية قائمة على الأدلة لصياغة السياسات، استفادت الدراسة الحالية من مقدرين اقتصاديين قويين للوحة يتحايلون على قضايا الاعتماد المستعرض وعدم التجانس في الكتل التي تم التحقيق فيها. تُظهر الأدلة التجريبية أن النمو الاقتصادي (الناتج المحلي الإجمالي) وطاقة الفحم والنفط والغاز الطبيعي تساهم في التدهور البيئي لاقتصادات بلدان الشمال الأوروبي على المدى القصير والطويل. وعلى النقيض من ذلك، فإن الابتكار من خلال براءات الاختراع المتعلقة بالبيئة يخفف من التدهور البيئي، خاصة على المدى الطويل. علاوة على ذلك، يمكن لنماذج التفاعل، أي تطبيق مناهج مبتكرة في استهلاك مزيج الطاقة، أن تخفف من انبعاثات الكربون في جميع البلدان، وبالتالي تحسن الاستدامة البيئية بشكل كبير. على وجه التحديد، تعمل الأساليب المبتكرة في استهلاك الفحم والنفط والغاز الطبيعي على تحسين الاستدامة البيئية من خلال التخفيف من انبعاثات الكربون، وبالتالي تحقيق تحسينات في الكفاءة البيئية بنسبة 94 ٪ و 108 ٪ و 123 ٪. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تشير أدلة سببية جرانجر أيضًا إلى أن العوامل التي تم فحصها هي محركات مهمة للمؤشر البيئي. فيما يتعلق برؤية السياسة، تؤكد هذه الدراسة أن المزيد من التحسين في توفير الطاقة أمر حيوي للنشر المستمر لمزيج الطاقة التقليدية.

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    Authors: Djomo Choumbou Raoul Fani; Ukpe Udeme Henrietta; Emmanuel Njock Oben; Donald Denen Dzever; +5 Authors

    The role played by youth in agriculture cannot be overemphasized, while agribusinesses are important generators of employment and income worldwide. Improving the sustainability of food value chains can benefit millions of rural poor people living in developing countries, especially young women. Despite policies and programs aimed at encouraging agricultural entrepreneurs, they are still facing challenges such as high-cost agrochemicals, limited access to credit, price volatility, etc. which seriously affect their capacity to remain in the sector. This study was undertaken to assess the performance and participation of young male and female entrepreneurs. This study made use of cross-section data from a survey conducted on 1019 young agricultural entrepreneurs in Cameroon. The data were analyzed using gross margin, student t-test, and logistic regression. Our study contributes to the literature by showing that young women agribusiness entrepreneurs are as competitive as their male counterparts and that the opportunities for young women in agriculture are good. Incentives such as single-digit interest rates and no collateral security should be directed to young women to receive more credit for purchasing agrochemicals and improved varieties of seed. Furthermore, a price control policy should be set up throughout the year to enable young women earn as their young men counterparts to enable them remain in production and marketing activities.

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    Authors: Andrew Adewale Alola; Ali Kemal Çelik; Hephzibah Onyeje Obekpa; U.S.M.A.N. Ojonugwa; +1 Authors

    La pertinence d'un intrant matériel direct efficace à la fois sur le marché d'exportation et sur les sources matérielles nationales offre des lignes directrices utiles sur la productivité des matériaux et des ressources à partir des dimensions de durabilité économique et environnementale. Dans le contexte actuel, les moteurs de l'efficacité des matériaux et des ressources dans la région nordique sont examinés en utilisant les approches empiriques requises au cours de la période 1995–2020. L'enquête a révélé que les activités économiques caractérisées par le produit intérieur brut (PIB), la croissance de la population urbaine et l'utilisation de l'énergie pétrolière sont toutes préjudiciables à l'efficacité des ressources de la région. Cela implique que l'efficacité de l'utilisation des matériaux ne peut pas être optimisée avec la tendance actuelle du PIB de la région, la croissance de la population urbaine et l'utilisation d'énergie sale. Au contraire, les résultats ont révélé que l'utilisation d'énergies alternatives par rapport aux énergies renouvelables sont des indicateurs clés pour stimuler l'efficacité des matériaux et des ressources dans la région, soutenant ainsi davantage l'objectif inévitable de transition énergétique de la région. Ces résultats mis en évidence aux côtés de l'inférence de causalité de Granger offrent des mesures de développement durable qui sont spécifiquement motivées par l'amélioration de l'efficacité et l'optimisation du rendement. La relevancia de los insumos materiales directos eficientes a través del mercado de exportación y las fuentes de materiales nacionales ofrece pautas útiles de productividad de materiales y recursos desde las dimensiones de sostenibilidad económica y ambiental. En el contexto actual, los impulsores de la eficiencia de materiales y recursos en la región nórdica se examinan utilizando los enfoques empíricos necesarios durante el período 1995–2020. La investigación reveló que las actividades económicas que se caracterizan por el producto interno bruto (PIB) junto con el crecimiento de la población urbana y la utilización de la energía del petróleo son perjudiciales para la eficiencia de los recursos de la región. Implica que la eficiencia en la utilización de materiales no se puede optimizar con la tendencia actual del PIB de la región, el crecimiento de la población urbana y el uso de energía sucia. Por el contrario, los hallazgos revelaron además que la utilización de energía alternativa frente a las energías renovables son indicadores clave para estimular la eficiencia de materiales y recursos en la región, lo que brinda más apoyo al objetivo inevitable de transición energética de la región. Estos resultados destacados junto con la inferencia de causalidad de Granger ofrecen medidas de desarrollo sostenible que están específicamente motivadas a través de la mejora de la eficiencia y la optimización de la producción. The relevance of efficient direct material input through both export market and domestic material sources offers useful material and resource productivity guidelines from both economic and environmental sustainability dimensions. In the current context, the drivers of material and resource efficiency in the Nordic region are examined by utilizing requisite empirical approaches over the period 1995–2020. The investigation revealed that economic activities which are characterized by Gross domestic product (GDP) alongside the growth of urban population and utilization of oil energy are all detrimental to the region's resource efficiency. It implies that material utilization efficiency cannot be optimized with the current trend of the region's GDP, urban population growth and the use of dirty energy. Contrarily, the findings, further revealed that alternative energy utilization vis-à-vis renewables are key indicators to spur material and resource efficiency in the region, thus throwing more support for the region's unavoidable energy transition goal. These highlighted results alongside the Granger causality inference offer sustainable development measures that are specifically motivated through the improvement of efficient and optimization of output. توفر أهمية المدخلات المادية المباشرة الفعالة من خلال كل من سوق التصدير ومصادر المواد المحلية مبادئ توجيهية مفيدة لإنتاجية المواد والموارد من أبعاد الاستدامة الاقتصادية والبيئية. في السياق الحالي، يتم فحص محركات الكفاءة المادية وكفاءة الموارد في منطقة الشمال الأوروبي من خلال استخدام النهج التجريبية المطلوبة خلال الفترة 1995–2020. وكشف التحقيق أن الأنشطة الاقتصادية التي تتميز بالناتج المحلي الإجمالي إلى جانب نمو سكان الحضر واستخدام الطاقة النفطية كلها تضر بكفاءة استخدام الموارد في المنطقة. وهذا يعني أنه لا يمكن تحسين كفاءة استخدام المواد مع الاتجاه الحالي للناتج المحلي الإجمالي للمنطقة، والنمو السكاني الحضري واستخدام الطاقة القذرة. وعلى النقيض من ذلك، كشفت النتائج كذلك أن استخدام الطاقة البديلة مقابل مصادر الطاقة المتجددة هي مؤشرات رئيسية لتحفيز كفاءة المواد والموارد في المنطقة، وبالتالي تقديم المزيد من الدعم لهدف انتقال الطاقة الذي لا مفر منه في المنطقة. تقدم هذه النتائج البارزة جنبًا إلى جنب مع الاستدلال السببي لجرانجر تدابير التنمية المستدامة التي يتم تحفيزها على وجه التحديد من خلال تحسين الكفاءة وتحسين الإنتاج.

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    Authors: Andrew Adewale Alola; Anar Aliyev; Hephzibah Onyeje Obekpa; Ishaaqa Olagunju;

    Arising from the arrays of man-made factors (including political- and socioeconomic-related factors) and natural disasters across the globe, population displacement, as one of the consequences of the above-mentioned factors, has continued to trigger refugee populations. This is the reason Lebanon (with the highest number of refugees per total population in the world) and Sweden (with the highest number of refugees per total population in Europe) are considered in a comparative investigation. Importantly, this study examines the environmental effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions via the refugee population and fertility rate, alongside the roles of income and natural resource abundance, from 1990 to 2021. The results reveal that fertility rates spur GHG emissions, thereby hampering environmental sustainability in both countries. While the refugee population mitigates GHG emissions in Sweden, the effect is contrary and environmentally damaging in Lebanon. The disparity in the countries’ environmental proactiveness, which has supposedly permeated societal values, especially in Sweden, could have influenced the above result. Meanwhile, in both countries, the refugee populations moderate the effect of the fertility rate, increasing the environmental demerit of the increase in the fertility rate. However, the Swedish income level improvement helps mitigate GHG emissions, thus validating the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in the long run. In Sweden, the natural resource abundance also promotes environmental benefit. Contrarily, in Lebanon, increases in both the natural resource abundance and income per person increase GHG emissions, thus worsening the environmental quality. Finally, this study offers policy recommendations for improving refugee programs.

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    Social Sciences
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Oktay Özkan; Hephzibah Onyeje Obekpa; Andrew Adewale Alola;

    India remained the third-largest energy consumer in the world, responsible for around 7% of global carbon emissions due to rising incomes and improving living standards. Although resource extraction has quadrupled since 1970 due to rising population and demand for natural resources, energy use and transformation, notably of fossil fuel energy, have increased by around 45%, thus increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this view, this study aims to explore energy intensity, renewable energy, natural resources, economic growth, and environmental degradation nexus in India. The novel dynamic simulated autoregressive distributed lag and kernel-based regularized least squares (KRLS) approaches are used to explore the effects of energy intensity, renewable energy, natural resources, and economic growth on carbon intensity for India from 1970 to 2020. The empirical results reveal that renewable energy and natural resources improve India's environmental quality via the mitigation of carbon emissions. It is also found that energy intensity and economic growth deteriorate the country's environmental quality by increasing carbon emissions in the short- and long run. A series of robustness estimation affirms the above evidence, thus providing requisite guideline for relevant policy recommendations for the country.

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    Authors: Alola, Andrew Adewale; Doganalp, Nihat; Obekpa; Hephzibah Onyeje;

    AbstractWith the exemption of Canada, the G‐7 countries have largely flourished at the detriment of their ecological sustainability bearing in mind that these countries' have remained ecologically deficit for several decades. Given the potential effect of environmental degradation associated with the trend of ecological deficit of these countries, this study attempts to understand the contribution of renewable energy dimensions through the measure of renewable energy efficiency and renewable energy use alongside evaluating the role of the four main aspects of economic freedom. By using empirical tools, the findings revealed that renewable energy aspects contribute to environmental sustainability among the countries through a significant mitigation of their ecological footprint. Importantly, the aspects of economic freedom, that is, government size, legal system and property rights, freedom to trade internationally, and regulation hampers environmental sustainability by increasing the countries ecological footprint. The elasticity of impact of this dimension of economic freedom is in the range of 0.19–0.21 at 1% statistically significant level. However, population of these countries does not show a detrimental effect, rather the finding revealed that population improves environmental quality by a statistically significant degree. Given these revelations, there are deducible policy take home from this study.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Osuva (University of...arrow_drop_down
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    Sustainable Development
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Sustainable Development
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      Sustainable Development
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    Authors: Andrew Adewale Alola; Ali Kemal Çelik; Usama Awan; İbrahim Abdallah; +1 Authors

    Comprendre les perspectives de la complexité économique des pays est essentiel pour évaluer l'avenir de la caractérisation des produits des industries. Il fournit des opportunités et un aperçu de la façon d'atténuer les externalités négatives qui découlent de la pression croissante sur l'écosystème. Sur cette base, l'effet de la complexité économique et les perspectives correspondantes sur la dégradation de l'environnement vis-à-vis des émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) ainsi que d'autres indicateurs environnementaux sont examinés pour le panel du Danemark, de la Finlande, de la Norvège et de la Suède pour la période 1995-2020. Après avoir utilisé les erreurs types de Driscoll-Kraay pour l'effet aléatoire (ER) avec des effets individuels pour l'examen, les résultats indiquent que le niveau de complexité économique de la région favorise la durabilité environnementale. Au contraire, les perspectives de complexité économique stimulent les émissions de GES, suggérant ainsi que les performances futures de la complexité économique de la région pourraient être préjudiciables à son écosystème. Une autre observation similaire et indésirable est que l'augmentation de la population urbaine entrave la qualité de l'environnement car elle provoque une augmentation des émissions de GES. Dans le même temps, les résultats concluent que la croissance économique, la complexité économique et les technologies liées à l'environnement sont des moteurs puissants de la durabilité environnementale, car les indicateurs exercent une pression négative sur les émissions de GES dans la région nordique. Les politiques importantes qui guident potentiellement les activités immédiates et futures à l'échelle du secteur en vue d'améliorer les programmes de développement durable de la région sont énoncées dans les résultats de l'étude. Comprender las perspectivas de la complejidad económica de los países es vital para evaluar el futuro de la caracterización de los productos de las industrias. Proporciona oportunidades y conocimientos sobre cómo mitigar las externalidades negativas que surgen de la creciente presión sobre el ecosistema. Con base en esta cuenta, se examina el efecto de la complejidad económica y la perspectiva correspondiente sobre la degradación ambiental con respecto a las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) junto con otros indicadores ambientales para el panel de Dinamarca, Finlandia, Noruega y Suecia para el período 1995 a 2020. Después de emplear los errores estándar de Driscoll-Kraay para el efecto aleatorio (RE) con efectos individuales para el examen, los resultados indican que el nivel de complejidad económica de la región favorece la sostenibilidad ambiental. Por el contrario, la perspectiva de complejidad económica estimula las emisiones de GEI, lo que sugiere que el desempeño futuro de la complejidad económica de la región podría ser perjudicial para su ecosistema. Otra constatación similar e indeseable es que el aumento de la población urbana dificulta la calidad ambiental ya que provoca un aumento de las emisiones de GEI. Mientras tanto, los resultados concluyen que el crecimiento económico, la complejidad económica y las tecnologías relacionadas con el medio ambiente son potentes impulsores de la sostenibilidad ambiental, ya que los indicadores ejercen una presión negativa sobre las emisiones de GEI en la región nórdica. Las políticas importantes que potencialmente guían las actividades inmediatas y futuras de todo el sector hacia la mejora de los programas de desarrollo sostenible de la región se postulan a través del resultado del estudio. Understanding the outlook of countries' economic complexity is vital for assessing the future of industries' product characterization. It provides opportunity and insight on how to mitigate the negative externalities that arises from the increasing pressure on the ecosystem. Based on this account, the effect of economic complexity and the corresponding outlook on environmental degradation vis-a-vis greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions alongside other environmental indicators are examined for the panel of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden for the period 1995 to 2020. After employing Driscoll- Kraay's standard errors for random effect (RE) with individual effects for the examination, the results indicate that the region's level of economic complexity favors environmental sustainability. Contrarily, the economic complexity outlook spurs GHG emissions, thus suggesting that future performance of the region's economic complexity could be detrimental to its ecosystem. Another similar, and undesirable observation is that the increase in urban population hampers environmental quality as it causes a surge in GHG emissions. Meanwhile, the results then conclude that economic growth, economic complexity, and environmental-related technologies are found to be potent drivers of environmental sustainability as the indicators exert negative pressure on GHG emissions in the Nordic region. Important policies that potentially guide immediate, and future sector-wide activities toward enhancing the region's sustainable development programs are posited through the study outcome. يعد فهم توقعات التعقيد الاقتصادي للبلدان أمرًا حيويًا لتقييم مستقبل توصيف منتجات الصناعات. وهو يوفر فرصة ونظرة ثاقبة حول كيفية التخفيف من العوامل الخارجية السلبية التي تنشأ عن الضغط المتزايد على النظام البيئي. بناءً على هذا الحساب، يتم فحص تأثير التعقيد الاقتصادي والتوقعات المقابلة على التدهور البيئي مقابل انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة جنبًا إلى جنب مع المؤشرات البيئية الأخرى لفريق الدنمارك وفنلندا والنرويج والسويد للفترة من 1995 إلى 2020. بعد استخدام أخطاء دريسكول- كراي القياسية للتأثير العشوائي مع التأثيرات الفردية للفحص، تشير النتائج إلى أن مستوى التعقيد الاقتصادي في المنطقة يفضل الاستدامة البيئية. وعلى النقيض من ذلك، فإن توقعات التعقيد الاقتصادي تحفز انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة، مما يشير إلى أن الأداء المستقبلي للتعقيد الاقتصادي للمنطقة يمكن أن يضر بنظامها الإيكولوجي. ملاحظة أخرى مماثلة وغير مرغوب فيها هي أن الزيادة في عدد سكان الحضر تعوق الجودة البيئية لأنها تسبب طفرة في انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة. وفي الوقت نفسه، خلصت النتائج إلى أن النمو الاقتصادي والتعقيد الاقتصادي والتقنيات المتعلقة بالبيئة هي محركات قوية للاستدامة البيئية حيث تمارس المؤشرات ضغطًا سلبيًا على انبعاثات غازات الدفيئة في منطقة الشمال الأوروبي. يتم طرح سياسات مهمة يمكن أن توجه الأنشطة الفورية والمستقبلية على مستوى القطاع نحو تعزيز برامج التنمية المستدامة في المنطقة من خلال نتائج الدراسة.

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    Journal of Cleaner Production
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      Journal of Cleaner Production
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
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      Brage INN
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: Brage INN
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/wd...
      Other literature type . 2023
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/8w...
      Other literature type . 2023
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Alola, Andrew Adewale; Muoneke, Obumneke Bob; Okere, Kingsley Ikechukwu; Obekpa; +1 Authors

    The increasing human activities amidst competition for resources across the globe has made environmental challenges an ongoing classic problem, thus prompting policymakers to continually seek effective solution while ensuring sustainable development. With the wide coverage of the relevance of the double dividend hypothesis in explaining the co-benefit of environmental tax, there is a dearth of evidence in the literature to suggest that environmental tax offers green dividends for both the environment and agricultural practice in the European countries. As such, this study employed the more recent Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) alongside other approaches for Europe's largest agrarian economies (France, Germany, Italy, and Spain) over the annual period 1995-2020. The investigation affirms the validity of the co-benefit of environmental tax as far as environmental sustainability and value-added to agriculture are concerned in this panel of 'Big Four' economies, thus motivating the countries to relentlessly pursue the carbon-neutral 2050 target. Moreover, the study aligns with the expectation that renewable energy utilization and population density are desirable factors for achieving a carbon-neutral target. Lastly, the findings suggest that environmental quality is attainable in the panel, especially as increasing income surpasses a certain threshold, thus validating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Above all, the findings provide timely policy insight that accommodates both the environmental sustainability and food security framework of the European Union. The policy options relevant in light of the study's conclusions include that the decision makers in the selected agrarian economies should ramp up energy transition opportunities through a resilient environmental tax system that incentives availability of credit and investment financing in the agriculture sector.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Osuva (University of...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Journal of Environmental Management
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Brage INN
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: Brage INN
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Osuva (University of...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Journal of Environmental Management
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Brage INN
      Article . 2022
      Data sources: Brage INN
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