• Energy Research

In some power systems, voltage waveforms contain, apart from harmonics, interharmonics and subharmonics that are components of frequency less than or not an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency. Voltage subharmonics and interharmonics may be of both a positive and negative sequence, independently of their frequency. Previous papers on induction motors under subharmonics have been generally limited to the components of a positive sequence. This study deals with the effect of negative sequence subharmonics on the work of induction motors. Investigations were performed using the 2D finite element method and an experimental method. Differences between the impact of positive and negative sequence subharmonics are discussed. It was found that negative sequence voltage subharmonics can result in significant current subharmonics, torque pulsations and vibration. Further, because of possible resonance, motors that are comparatively resistant to positive sequence subharmonics might be especially sensitive to negative sequence subharmonics of the same frequency and vice versa.

In some power systems, voltage waveforms contain, apart from harmonics, interharmonics and subharmonics that are components of frequency less than or not an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency. Voltage subharmonics and interharmonics may be of both a positive and negative sequence, independently of their frequency. Previous papers on induction motors under subharmonics have been generally limited to the components of a positive sequence. This study deals with the effect of negative sequence subharmonics on the work of induction motors. Investigations were performed using the 2D finite element method and an experimental method. Differences between the impact of positive and negative sequence subharmonics are discussed. It was found that negative sequence voltage subharmonics can result in significant current subharmonics, torque pulsations and vibration. Further, because of possible resonance, motors that are comparatively resistant to positive sequence subharmonics might be especially sensitive to negative sequence subharmonics of the same frequency and vice versa.

In power systems, various power quality disturbances are present, including voltage deviation, voltage unbalance, and voltage waveform distortions. Voltage waveform distortions are usually identified with harmonics, but in some systems, subharmonics (subsynchronous interharmonics) and interharmonics may also occur—that is, components of frequency less than the fundamental frequency, or not an integer multiple of it. This study examines torque pulsations of an induction motor under voltage subharmonics combined with voltage unbalance. The motor and the driven DC generator vibrations were analysed under the power quality disturbances. Investigations were carried out using finite element and empirical methods. Experimental tests were performed for the maximal levels of the power quality disturbances specified or proposed in the relevant standards. For the investigated motor, under voltage subharmonics or voltage unbalance occurring as a single power quality disturbance, the vibration level was within the prescribed limit. However, under unbalance combined with subharmonics, the level could be accepted for only a limited time. Consequently, the permissible level of voltage subharmonics in non-generation installations should be interconnected with the voltage unbalance in the power system.

In power systems, various power quality disturbances are present, including voltage deviation, voltage unbalance, and voltage waveform distortions. Voltage waveform distortions are usually identified with harmonics, but in some systems, subharmonics (subsynchronous interharmonics) and interharmonics may also occur—that is, components of frequency less than the fundamental frequency, or not an integer multiple of it. This study examines torque pulsations of an induction motor under voltage subharmonics combined with voltage unbalance. The motor and the driven DC generator vibrations were analysed under the power quality disturbances. Investigations were carried out using finite element and empirical methods. Experimental tests were performed for the maximal levels of the power quality disturbances specified or proposed in the relevant standards. For the investigated motor, under voltage subharmonics or voltage unbalance occurring as a single power quality disturbance, the vibration level was within the prescribed limit. However, under unbalance combined with subharmonics, the level could be accepted for only a limited time. Consequently, the permissible level of voltage subharmonics in non-generation installations should be interconnected with the voltage unbalance in the power system.

This paper presents a passive concentrator for single-phase inverters with a three-phase output, which uses magnetically coupled reactors. Due to the development of renewable energy systems, the proposed systems may enable the easier integration of converters in the form of inverters with the power system. Two variants of cooperation of the concentrator with single-phase voltage inverters were considered. The first variant proposed a system topology in which three single-phase full-bridge inverters were connected to the concentrator, while the other variant proposed six half-bridge inverters. A control system of the inverters that does not use PWM was developed. A common star point was created for the supply voltages in the form of a capacitive divider covering all the inverters. An analysis of the concentrator system was presented, taking into account the cooperation with inverters. The overall power of the TDSλ system was defined and the relationship for its determination was given. Simulation studies were described, presenting the obtained voltage and current waveforms. The impact of changing the supply voltage of the inverters on the operation of the concentrator and the shape of the output voltages was assessed. The proposed systems allow you to connect 3 or 6 single-phase inverters. The use of magnetically coupled reactors enables the use of a magnetic system of lower power and size. The described concentrators enable the generation of multi-level three-phase output voltage with a low THD content.

This paper presents a passive concentrator for single-phase inverters with a three-phase output, which uses magnetically coupled reactors. Due to the development of renewable energy systems, the proposed systems may enable the easier integration of converters in the form of inverters with the power system. Two variants of cooperation of the concentrator with single-phase voltage inverters were considered. The first variant proposed a system topology in which three single-phase full-bridge inverters were connected to the concentrator, while the other variant proposed six half-bridge inverters. A control system of the inverters that does not use PWM was developed. A common star point was created for the supply voltages in the form of a capacitive divider covering all the inverters. An analysis of the concentrator system was presented, taking into account the cooperation with inverters. The overall power of the TDSλ system was defined and the relationship for its determination was given. Simulation studies were described, presenting the obtained voltage and current waveforms. The impact of changing the supply voltage of the inverters on the operation of the concentrator and the shape of the output voltages was assessed. The proposed systems allow you to connect 3 or 6 single-phase inverters. The use of magnetically coupled reactors enables the use of a magnetic system of lower power and size. The described concentrators enable the generation of multi-level three-phase output voltage with a low THD content.

This paper describes a mathematical model of the AC/DC converter. The analytic expressions define fundamental physical variables of the converter and their relations: phase current and voltage, shift angle between these quantities, power factor, and supply voltage UD. The mains voltage is defined as a digitalized sine wave while the current’s wave takes the form of a line segment defined in an appropriate time interval. The model permits the description of two modes of operation: inverter and rectifier. The assumed control method of the converter depends on the successive switching of selected vectors. They are qualified according to the principle of the lowest error between the reference and measured phase current value. The control method is realized by using hysteresis algorithms. Five different algorithm solutions and comparative results are implemented. Several examples of current, voltage, and vectors taken during the simulation and experimental works are executed.

This paper describes a mathematical model of the AC/DC converter. The analytic expressions define fundamental physical variables of the converter and their relations: phase current and voltage, shift angle between these quantities, power factor, and supply voltage UD. The mains voltage is defined as a digitalized sine wave while the current’s wave takes the form of a line segment defined in an appropriate time interval. The model permits the description of two modes of operation: inverter and rectifier. The assumed control method of the converter depends on the successive switching of selected vectors. They are qualified according to the principle of the lowest error between the reference and measured phase current value. The control method is realized by using hysteresis algorithms. Five different algorithm solutions and comparative results are implemented. Several examples of current, voltage, and vectors taken during the simulation and experimental works are executed.

This paper presents a DC/AC converter consisting of two two-level inverters. The complex converter is built using two standard three-phase inverters: the main inverter (MI) and the auxiliary one (AI). The MI is controlled in a simple way to generate the stepped output voltage and the AI works as an active filter limiting the higher harmonics in the MI output voltage. The filtering process is based on the orthogonal space vector theory. A development and modification of the basic solution are presented here. The output voltage of the MI takes the shape of a stepped voltage comparable to the voltage generated by multilevel inverters. The AI operates as a very effective active power filter (APF) of the MI output voltage. The AI power is significantly lower in comparison to the MI power.