• Energy Research

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to provide a hybrid group decision-making approach to evaluate fintech-based financial alternatives for green energy investment projects. First, the multidimensional factors of due diligence for fintech-based financing alternatives of green energy investment projects are identified. In this regard, the balanced scorecard perspectives are considered. Next, consensus-based group decision-making analysis is performed. Second, impact-relation directions for fintech-based financing alternatives of green energy investment projects are defined. For this purpose, the spherical fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) methodology is applied. The novelty of this study is its proposal of a new outlook to due diligence of fintech-project financing for renewable energy investments by using the group and integrated decision-making approaches with spherical fuzzy DEMATEL. The findings indicate that customer expectations are the most essential factor for the revenue sharing and rewarding models. Additionally, this study identified that organizational competency plays the most important role with respect to the peer-to-business debt model. In contrast, the conclusion was reached that financial returns have the greatest importance for the equity sharing model.

A new hybrid fuzzy decision-making model is created in this study to evaluate significant factors of renewable energy storage investments and select the appropriate energy types. The factors are analyzed with golden cut-oriented bipolar q-rung orthopair fuzzy (q-ROF) multi-stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (M-SWARA). Moreover, alternatives are examined by golden cut-oriented bipolar q-ROF elimination and choice translating reality (ELECTRE). The calculations are also made with IFSs and PFSs to measure the reliability. This study gives a novel approach to selection problem of renewable energy storage investments with golden cut, bipolar, and q-ROFSs. It is identified that capacity protection has the greatest weight with respect to the storage investments. Additionally, regarding the ranking results, solar is the best clean energy alternative for the energy storage. Hence, investors should give priorities avoiding the delays with the full capacity of renewable energy production. Minimizing the energy loss in the energy storage process will contribute to the increase in performance. In this way, it will be possible to ensure sustainability by increasing the profitability of the projects. It would be the right decision for investors to prioritize solar energy projects to increase their energy storage efficiency. Especially in recent years, very important technological developments have occurred for energy storage process in solar energy projects. Therefore, by prioritizing the solar energy for this purpose, the sustainability of the energy projects can be provided.

Hybrid energy investment projects help to increase the efficiency in renewable energy production. This situation can be a solution to the high installation cost problem of the clean energy investments. While examining similar studies in the literature, it is determined that there is a need for a new study to identify the optimal combinations of the renewable energy alternatives to increase the effectiveness of the hybrid energy investments. This study aims to identify coalition-oriented strategic selection of renewable energy system alternatives. Several combinations are weighted by q-rung orthopair fuzzy (q-ROF) decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) with golden cut and coalition game theory. Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs) are also used to check the validity of the findings. Moreover, multi stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (M-SWARA) methodology is also considered to measure the consistency of the analysis results. It is defined that solar is the most efficient energy alternative for the hybrid energy investments. Solar energy should be prioritized in hybrid investment projects where at least two of the renewable energy alternatives are evaluated together. The usage area of solar energy is wide because it is not necessary to be close to the water source or the city network to install solar panels. Additionally, solar energy systems generally do not require much maintenance that provides a cost advantage compared to others. Owing to these issues, solar energy projects provide the highest contribution in all investment combinations. The novelty of this paper is to provide a unique model by combining the methodology of q-ROF and golden cut properly with the aim of proposing a set of renewable energy system combinations in terms of coalition game theory. Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)

The transportation sector is also of great importance in terms of carbon emission problem. Significant amount of carbon dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere due to the use of fossil fuels in transport vehicles. Electric vehicles play a key role to overcome this problem. However, high cost is an important handicap in choosing electric vehicles, especially in road transport. Therefore, electric vehicles charged with solar energy can also contribute significantly to the solution of this problem. In this study, it is aimed to generate inventive problem-solving map of innovative carbon emission reduction strategies for transportation investment projects. Hence, this study illustrates causal relationships of innovative strategies for solar energy projects. Therefore, the influencing and influenced items can be defined. An extension of group decision-making (GDM) and spherical fuzzy numbers is proposed regarding solar energy projects. These principles are weighted by spherical fuzzy methodology. The main contribution of this study is to present significant strategies to increase the effectiveness of the solar energy investment projects with a novel hybrid decision-making methodology. Therefore, the analysis results have a positive contribution to the solution of carbon emission problem in the transportation industry. The findings explain that dynamicity is the most critical TRIZ-based factor that improves the effectiveness of solar energy projects because it has the greatest weight (0.267). Composite materials have an important impact in this scenario with the weight of 0.255. It is recommended that solar panels should be designed so that they can receive sunlight at different times vertically. Flexible structured solar panels should be considered that can change position according to the angle of the sun during the day. Thus, more electrical energy can be obtained.

Floating renewable energy systems refer to energy projects deployed on water surfaces, playing a vital role in future energy strategies by promoting the use of sustainable resources. These systems reduce dependency on fossil fuels, meet growing energy demands, and ensure energy security by enabling countries to produce their own energy. The performance of these investments is influenced by technical and environmental factors. Despite their importance, there is a lack of comprehensive studies identifying the most critical factors affecting performance, creating a gap in the literature. This study addresses this gap by developing an innovative decision-making model using information gain, Q-learning, molecular fuzzy cognitive maps, and molecular ranking techniques. Hence, the main purpose is to identify the most critical determinants and optimal strategies for floating renewable energy investments, providing valuable guidance for decision-makers and investors. The study contributes to the literature by providing a structured criterion set for decision-makers. The findings obtained from the study highlight the optimization of areas with multiple uses. According to this criterion, it is possible to use other energy systems in an area other than floating systems. This situation also brings a cost advantage. It also supports purposes such as environmental protection and preventing water waste. Another important criterion, environmental integration, is to create an energy production system that is compatible with the living creatures living here by protecting the natural ecosystem on the water surface where the floating systems will be installed. Furthermore, it introduces novel methodologies that are rarely used in existing studies, such as calculating expert importance weights and modelling complex factor interactions. By addressing these gaps, the study offers both theoretical and practical advancements, ensuring more efficient and sustainable investment strategies in floating renewable energy systems. It is concluded that space optimization with multi-use potential and environmental integration with ecosystem protection are found as the most critical determinants. Tidal energy systems and wave energy converters are the most effective investment alternatives.

The energy storage process becomes very important due to the imbalances in energy supply and demand. Therefore some factors need to be considered to increase the efficiency of the energy storage system, such as cost–benefit analysis and technological improvements. This study aims to examine the inventive problem-solving capacities for renewable energy storage investments. A new model is suggested for this objective by considering fuzzy decision-making methodology. It is concluded that prior action and dynamicity are the most essential capacities of renewable energy storage investments. Additionally, dynamicity plays the most critical role when all factors are considered in renewable energy investment projects in a collaborative manner. Hence, it is recommended that the companies should mainly consider the initial developments of the storage facilities. Moreover, location selection for effective energy storage should also be considered to increase the performance of these investments.

This study aims to find out the significant stages of new product development process for the industrial decarbonization of sustainable economies by using interval type-2 (IT2) fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL). The findings demonstrate that commercialization is the most significant process of new product generation process of industrial decarbonization. Moreover, it is also concluded that with respect to the sub-criteria, cost analysis, and performance evaluation have the highest weights. An effective cost analysis is required in the new product development process. The costs of the product development process can in some cases be much higher than anticipated. This situation eliminates the effectiveness of the newly developed product. In this context, companies need to make the necessary plans for the costs of these new products correctly. On the other hand, it is important to follow the costs in detail during the process. Otherwise, the product that does not provide a cost advantage will not be preferred by industrial companies. This will cause the actions to be taken to reduce carbon emissions to fail.