• Energy Research

EOOffshore is a Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) funded project, which commenced in June 2020 in the School of Physics in University College Dublin (UCD). It presents a case study that demonstrates the utility of the Pangeo software ecosystem in the development of offshore wind speed and power density estimates, increasing wind measurement coverage of offshore renewable energy assessment areas in the Irish Continental Shelf (ICS) region. It has involved the creation of a new wind data catalog for this region, consisting of a collection of analysis-ready, cloud-optimized (ARCO) datasets featuring up to 21 years of available in situ, reanalysis, and satellite observation wind data products. The New European Wind Atlas (NEWA) provides wind statistics covering onshore Europe, 100km offshore over European seas, and the complete North and Baltic Seas, based on 30 years of mesoscale simulations. These catalog data sets contain 2009-2018 products for the ICS region, provided by the NEWA Map Layers and Datasets website, featuring variables at multiple heights (metres above surface level). They were used in the EOOffshore project outputs presented (Scalable Offshore Wind Analysis With Pangeo) at the Meeting Exascale Computing Challenges with Compression and Pangeo 2022 EGU General Assembly session. eooffshore_ics_newa_celticsea.zarr.tar.gz Data set for a North Celtic Sea area of interest. eooffshore_ics_newa_irishsea.zarr.tar.gz Data set for an Irish Sea area of interest. eooffshore_ics_newa_m3.zarr.tar.gz Data set for the area surrounding the Irish Weather Buoy Network - M3 buoy coordinates. eooffshore_ics_newa_m4.zarr.tar.gz Data set for the area surrounding the Irish Weather Buoy Network - M4 buoy coordinates. Description and example usage of the NEWA data sets in EOOffshore: NEWA Wind Data for Irish Continental Shelf region Offshore Wind in Irish Areas Of Interest Comparison of Offshore Wind Speed Extrapolation and Power Density Estimation As requested by the NEWA Terms of use, the following attribution is declared: Data [2009 - 2018] obtained from the New European Wind Atlas (NEWA), a free, web-based application developed, owned and operated by the NEWA Consortium. For additional information see www.neweuropeanwindatlas.eu.

<p>The expansion of renewable energy portfolios to utilise offshore wind resources is a key objective of energy policies focused on the generation of low carbon electricity. Wind atlases have been developed to provide energy resources maps, containing information on wind speeds and related variables at multiple heights above sea level for offshore regions of interest (ROIs). However, these atlases are often associated with legacy projects, where access to corresponding data products may be restricted preventing further development by third parties. Reliable, long-term observations are crucial inputs to the offshore wind farm area assessment process, with observations typically measured close to the ocean surface using in situ meteorological masts. Remote sensing techniques have been proposed to address resolution and coverage issues associated with in situ measurements, in particular, the use of space-borne Earth Observation (EO) instruments for ocean and sea surface wind estimations. In recent years, a variety of initiatives have emerged that provide public access to wind speed data products, which have potential for application in wind atlas development and offshore wind farm assessment. Combining products from multiple data providers is challenging due to differences in spatial and temporal resolution, product access, and product formats. In particular, the associated large dataset sizes are significant obstacles to data retrieval, storage, and subsequent computation. The traditional process of retrieval and local analysis of a relatively small number of ROI products is not readily scalable to accommodate longitudinal studies of multiple ROIs. </p><p>This work presents a case study that demonstrates the utility of the Pangeo software ecosystem to address these issues in the development of offshore wind speed and power density estimations, increasing wind measurement coverage of offshore renewable energy assessment areas in the Irish Continental Shelf region. The Intake library is used to manage a new data catalog created for this region, consisting of a collection of analysis-ready, cloud-optimized (ARCO) datasets generated using the Zarr format. This ARCO catalog features up to 21 years of available in situ, reanalysis, and satellite observation data products. The xarray and Dask libraries enable scalable catalog processing, including analysis of provided data variables and derivation of new variables as required for candidate wind farm ROIs, avoiding redundant storage and processing requirements for regions not under assessment. Individual catalog datasets have been regridded to relevant spatial grids, or appropriately chunked in time and space, by means of the xESMF and Rechunker libraries respectively. A set of Jupyter notebooks has been created to demonstrate catalog visualization and processing, following the conventions of notebooks in the current Pangeo Gallery. These notebooks provide detailed descriptions of each ARCO dataset, along with an evaluation of wind speed extrapolation and power density estimation methods. The employment of new approaches such as Pangeo Forge for future catalog and dataset creation is also explored. This case study has determined that the Pangeo ecosystem approach is extremely beneficial in the development of open architectures operating on large volumes of disparate data, while also contributing to the objectives of scientific code sharing and reproducibility.</p>

EOOffshore is a Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) funded project, which commenced in June 2020 in the School of Physics in University College Dublin (UCD). It presents a case study that demonstrates the utility of the Pangeo software ecosystem in the development of offshore wind speed and power density estimates, increasing wind measurement coverage of offshore renewable energy assessment areas in the Irish Continental Shelf (ICS) region. It has involved the creation of a new wind data catalog for this region, consisting of a collection of analysis-ready, cloud-optimized (ARCO) datasets featuring up to 21 years of available in situ, reanalysis, and satellite observation wind data products. The European Union Copernicus Earth Observation (EO) programme and services are based on data collected from EO satellites, in particular, the Sentinel satellite missions. This includes the Sentinel-1 mission, which consists of C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging satellites in polar orbit. One of its main objectives is the provision of ocean monitoring services, where its Level-2 Ocean (OCN) products include an Ocean WInd field (OWI) component. This provides gridded estimates of wind speed and direction at 10 m above the surface, with a typical spatial resolution of 1 km. This particular catalog data set (eooffshore_ics_level3_sentinel1_ocn.zarr.tar.gz) contains 2015-2021 OCN wind products for the ICS region, which were retrieved from the Copernicus Open Access Hub (COAH) and the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF). The data set was used in the EOOffshore project outputs presented (Scalable Offshore Wind Analysis With Pangeo) at the Meeting Exascale Computing Challenges with Compression and Pangeo 2022 EGU General Assembly session. Description and example usage of the Sentinel-1 data set in EOOffshore: Sentinel-1 Wind Data for Irish Continental Shelf region Offshore Wind in Irish Areas Of Interest Comparison of Offshore Wind Speed Extrapolation and Power Density Estimation As requested by the Legal Notice on the use of Copernicus Sentinel Data and Service Information, this data set: Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data [2015 - 2021]

EOOffshore is a Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) funded project, which commenced in June 2020 in the School of Physics in University College Dublin (UCD). It presents a case study that demonstrates the utility of the Pangeo software ecosystem in the development of offshore wind speed and power density estimates, increasing wind measurement coverage of offshore renewable energy assessment areas in the Irish Continental Shelf (ICS) region. It has involved the creation of a new wind data catalog for this region, consisting of a collection of analysis-ready, cloud-optimized (ARCO) datasets featuring up to 21 years of available in situ, reanalysis, and satellite observation wind data products. ERA5 is the fifth generation global reanalysis data set produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). It is a component of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), where data products are publicly available in the C3S Climate Data Store. This particular catalog data set (eooffshore_ics_era5_single_level_hourly_wind.zarr.tar.gz) contains 2001-2021 products for the ICS region from the ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1979 to present data set, which provides hourly data from 1979 to the present day, at single levels (atmospheric, ocean-wave and land surface quantities). Wind speed and direction have been calculated from the uX and vX variables, where X = 10 m and 100 m above sea level. This ERA5 data set was used in the EOOffshore project outputs presented (Scalable Offshore Wind Analysis With Pangeo) at the Meeting Exascale Computing Challenges with Compression and Pangeo 2022 EGU General Assembly session. Description and example usage of the ERA5 data set in EOOffshore: ERA5 Wind Data for Irish Continental Shelf region Offshore Wind in Irish Areas Of Interest Comparison of Offshore Wind Speed Extrapolation and Power Density Estimation As requested by the ECMWF - Licence to Use Copernicus Products, this Zarr store was: Generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information [2001 - 2021]

EOOffshore is a Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) funded project, which commenced in June 2020 in the School of Physics in University College Dublin (UCD). It presents a case study that demonstrates the utility of the Pangeo software ecosystem in the development of offshore wind speed and power density estimates, increasing wind measurement coverage of offshore renewable energy assessment areas in the Irish Continental Shelf (ICS) region. It has involved the creation of a new wind data catalog for this region, consisting of a collection of analysis-ready, cloud-optimized (ARCO) datasets featuring up to 21 years of available in situ, reanalysis, and satellite observation wind data products. The Copernicus Marine Service (CMS), or Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS), is the marine component of the European Union Copernicus Earth Observation (EO) programme. It provides free, regular and systematic ocean data products on a global and regional scale. The CMS Surface Wind Thematic Assembly Center (Wind TAC) is responsible for the collection, processing, qualification and distribution of surface winds data products derived from scatterometer satellite missions, including near-real time (NRT) and delayed mode (REP) processing of global wind observations. These catalog data sets contain CMS wind speed and direction data products generated using the Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) instruments deployed on the Metop satellites. eooffshore_ics_cmems_WIND_GLO_WIND_L3_REP_OBSERVATIONS_012_005_MetOp_ASCAT.zarr.tar.gz 2007-2021 data products from the Global Ocean Daily Gridded Reprocessed (REP) Level-3 Sea Surface Winds from Scatterometer data set. eooffshore_ics_cmems_WIND_GLO_WIND_L3_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_012_002_MetOp_ASCAT.zarr.tar.gz 2016-2021 data products from the Global Ocean Daily Gridded Near Real Time (NRT) Level-3 Sea Surface Winds from Scatterometer data set. The products feature 0.125 degree grids, based on 12.5 km scatterometer swath observations, for all combinations of Metop A/B (REP) and Metop A/B/C (NRT) satellites and ASCending, DEScending passes. These ASCAT data sets were used in the EOOffshore project outputs presented (Scalable Offshore Wind Analysis With Pangeo) at the Meeting Exascale Computing Challenges with Compression and Pangeo 2022 EGU General Assembly session. Description and example usage of the ASCAT data sets in EOOffshore: ASCAT Wind Data for Irish Continental Shelf region Offshore Wind in Irish Areas Of Interest Comparison of Offshore Wind Speed Extrapolation and Power Density Estimation As requested by the Copernicus Marine Service Service Commitments and Licence, these Zarr stores were: Generated using E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information; https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00182; https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00183;

EOOffshore is a Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) funded project, which commenced in June 2020 in the School of Physics in University College Dublin (UCD). It presents a case study that demonstrates the utility of the Pangeo software ecosystem in the development of offshore wind speed and power density estimates, increasing wind measurement coverage of offshore renewable energy assessment areas in the Irish Continental Shelf (ICS) region. It has involved the creation of a new wind data catalog for this region, consisting of a collection of analysis-ready, cloud-optimized (ARCO) datasets featuring up to 21 years of available in situ, reanalysis, and satellite observation wind data products. This particular catalog data set (eooffshore_ics_ccmp_v02_1_nrt_wind.zarr) contains 2015-2021 Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) v0.2.1.NRT 6-hourly wind products for the ICS region, where wind speed and direction are calculated from the uwnd and vwnd variables. The source data products are generated by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS). This CCMP data set was used in the EOOffshore project outputs presented (Scalable Offshore Wind Analysis With Pangeo) at the Meeting Exascale Computing Challenges with Compression and Pangeo 2022 EGU General Assembly session. Example usage of the CCMP data set in EOOffshore: CCMP Wind Data for Irish Continental Shelf region Offshore Wind in Irish Areas Of Interest Comparison of Offshore Wind Speed Extrapolation and Power Density Estimation Note: This NCAR/UCAR Research Data Archive page states that the CCMP license is CC-BY-4.0. A separate CCMP data set has been previously used in the NASA CCMP Winds Pangeo Gallery notebook.