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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lara Paige Brodie; Smit Vasquez Caballero; Elena Ojea; Sarah F. W. Taylor; +5 Authors

    AbstractFood insecurity is a pressing issue facing our world, particularly affecting coastal communities who rely on marine resources. The problem is further compounded by the rapidly changing climate, a deteriorating environment and growing human populations. It is essential to evaluate this issue accurately to reduce risk and improve the situation of coastal communities, especially in countries with less socioeconomic development. To this end, we develop a food security social-ecological risk assessment framework for developing communities in coastal areas of the Western Indian Ocean facing a changing environment. The framework integrates local ecological knowledge, expert scientific opinion, survey data, and satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a observation. We conducted a local-scale case study in four regions in Tanzania; Mafia, Pemba, Tanga, and Unguja, revealing that they face moderate to high risk levels of food insecurity. The highest risk was observed in the island communities of Pemba and Unguja, while the communities of Mafia and Tanga had the lowest risk due to lower exposure and sensitivity to climate change. Our results show that recognizing the key differences across risk components is crucial in identifying effective intervention strategies for local practitioners. This study highlights the need for detailed assessments to provide accurate information on local-scale food security dynamics, specifically when assessing impacts induced by environmental and climatic changes.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NERC Open Research A...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Food Security
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: PubMed Central
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Investigo
    Article . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Investigo
    Food Security
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NERC Open Research A...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Food Security
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: PubMed Central
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Investigo
      Article . 2024
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Investigo
      Food Security
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Zoe Jacobs; Fatma Jebri; Meric Srokosz; ‪Dionysios E. Raitsos; +10 Authors

    Under the impact of natural and anthropogenic climate variability, upwelling systems are known to change their properties leading to associated regime shifts in marine ecosystems. These often impact commercial fisheries and societies dependent on them. In a region where in situ hydrographic and biological marine data are scarce, this study uses a combination of remote sensing and ocean modelling to show how a stable seasonal upwelling off the Kenyan coast shifted into the territorial waters of neighboring Tanzania under the influence of the unique 1997/98 El Niño and positive Indian Ocean Dipole event. The formation of an anticyclonic gyre adjacent to the Kenyan/Tanzanian coast led to a reorganization of the surface currents and caused the southward migration of the Somali–Zanzibar confluence zone and is attributed to anomalous wind stress curl over the central Indian Ocean. This caused the lowest observed chlorophyll-a over the North Kenya banks (Kenya), while it reached its historical maximum off Dar Es Salaam (Tanzanian waters). We demonstrate that this situation is specific to the 1997/98 El Niño when compared with other the super El-Niño events of 1972,73, 1982–83 and 2015–16. Despite the lack of available fishery data in the region, the local ecosystem changes that the shift of this upwelling may have caused are discussed based on the literature. The likely negative impacts on local fish stocks in Kenya, affecting fishers’ livelihoods and food security, and the temporary increase in pelagic fishery species’ productivity in Tanzania are highlighted. Finally, we discuss how satellite observations may assist fisheries management bodies to anticipate low productivity periods, and mitigate their potentially negative economic impacts.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ COREarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Remote Sensing
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Remote Sensing
    Article
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Remote Sensing
    Article . 2020
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/bx...
    Other literature type . 2020
    Data sources: Datacite
    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/7w...
    Other literature type . 2020
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ COREarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Remote Sensing
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2020
      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/bx...
      Other literature type . 2020
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/7w...
      Other literature type . 2020
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Colin Abernethy; Ekaterina Popova; Juliane Wihsgott; Kennedy Osuka; +13 Authors

    Les robots marins ont le potentiel d'améliorer la recherche marine WIO pour améliorer l'adaptation régionale aux défis posés par le changement climatique en fournissant une capacité de recherche accrue qui contourne la nécessité d'infrastructures coûteuses, telles que les grands navires de recherche. Cet article teste ce potentiel et évalue l'état de préparation des communautés WIO à adopter des technologies autonomes pour répondre à ses priorités de recherche marine. Nous appliquons une gamme d'analyses à une étude de cas de robots marins entreprise dans les eaux autour de l'île de Pemba, une partie de l'archipel de Zanzibar, en Tanzanie en 2019. La campagne faisait partie d'un projet multinational axé sur l'augmentation de la capacité de l'OIO à relever les défis de la sécurité alimentaire et de la durabilité des océans. Un programme d'engagement communautaire avec six communautés côtières tanzaniennes a entraîné des changements positifs dans les attitudes envers les robots marins, avec des augmentations signalées dans la compréhension et l'acceptation de ces technologies. La suspicion des robots a été réduite et un risque plus faible de retrait de l'équipement opérationnel a été enregistré suite à la fourniture de matériel éducatif. L'analyse des coûts, des risques et des avantages montre que les robots marins sont perçus comme offrant des avantages de haut niveau, mais à un coût élevé difficile à atteindre en utilisant un financement national ou régional. Une évaluation de la capacité des instituts marins WIO à adopter de telles technologies montre qu'avant ce travail, peu de compétences ou d'infrastructures liées aux robots marins étaient disponibles pour les chercheurs et a en outre confirmé que les opportunités de financement étaient perçues comme largement indisponibles aux niveaux institutionnel, national, régional ou international. Les réponses des partenaires régionaux à la suite de l'achèvement de l'étude de cas ont toutefois révélé un accroissement de la capacité perçue, en particulier en ce qui concerne l'accès à l'infrastructure et à l'expertise, ainsi que le soutien et les possibilités de financement à chaque niveau. L'étude de cas présentée s'est avérée avoir été un précieux démonstrateur des avantages de l'utilisation de robots marins pour répondre aux exigences de recherche sur les océans côtiers de WIO et il a été démontré que la capacité régionale avait considérablement augmenté dans le large éventail d'instituts marins étudiés tout au long de la période de l'étude de cas. Cette étude démontre que la prise de mesures précoces en vue de l'adoption de robots marins autonomes a augmenté la capacité de recherche marine régionale de WIO et accru la confiance et la volonté des chercheurs locaux de rechercher des solutions alternatives aux défis de recherche marine en cours. Les recommandations pour les actions futures qui continueront d'augmenter la capacité et la préparation à l'adoption régionale des robots marins comprennent l'investissement aux niveaux local, national et régional pour fournir des opportunités de formation accessibles et faciliter les collaborations régionales et internationales ; l'investissement dans un centre régional ou un centre d'excellence pour la technologie robotique marine ; l'adoption précoce de technologies autonomes plus petites et moins chères nouvellement émergentes ; l'investissement dans les compétences locales et les installations de soutien pour aider l'adhésion et l'acceptation locales tout en soutenant la capacité régionale. Los robots marinos tienen el potencial de mejorar la investigación marina de la OMI para mejorar la adaptación regional a los desafíos presentados por el cambio climático al proporcionar una mayor capacidad de investigación que evita el requisito de una infraestructura costosa, como los grandes buques de investigación. Este documento pone a prueba este potencial y evalúa la disposición de las comunidades de la OMI a adoptar tecnologías autónomas para cumplir con sus prioridades de investigación marina. Aplicamos una serie de análisis a un estudio de caso de robots marinos realizado en aguas alrededor de la isla de Pemba, parte del archipiélago de Zanzíbar, en Tanzania en 2019. La campaña formó parte de un proyecto multinacional centrado en aumentar la capacidad de la OMI para hacer frente a los desafíos de la seguridad alimentaria y la sostenibilidad de los océanos. Un programa de participación comunitaria con seis comunidades costeras de Tanzania dio lugar a cambios positivos en las actitudes hacia los robots marinos con aumentos reportados en la comprensión y aceptación de tales tecnologías. La sospecha de los robots se redujo y se registró un menor riesgo de retirar el equipo operativo después de la provisión de material educativo. El análisis de costos, riesgos y beneficios muestra que se percibe que los robots marinos proporcionan beneficios de alto nivel, pero tienen un alto costo que es difícil de lograr con fondos nacionales o regionales. Una evaluación de la capacidad de los institutos marinos de la OMI para adoptar tales tecnologías muestra que antes de este trabajo, los investigadores disponían de pocas habilidades o infraestructuras relacionadas con los robots marinos y confirmó además que se percibía que las oportunidades de financiación no estaban disponibles en gran medida a nivel institucional, nacional, regional o internacional. Sin embargo, las respuestas de los socios regionales después de la finalización del estudio de caso revelaron un aumento en la capacidad percibida, particularmente relacionada con el acceso a la infraestructura y la experiencia, así como el apoyo y las oportunidades de financiación en cada nivel. Se demuestra que el estudio de caso presentado ha sido un valioso demostrador de los beneficios del uso de robots marinos para cumplir con los requisitos de investigación oceánica costera de WIO y se demostró que la capacidad regional aumentó sustancialmente dentro de la amplia gama de institutos marinos encuestados durante todo el período del estudio de caso. Este estudio demuestra que dar los primeros pasos hacia la adopción de robots marinos autónomos ha aumentado la capacidad de investigación marina regional de la OMI y ha aumentado la confianza y la voluntad de los investigadores locales para buscar soluciones alternativas a los desafíos actuales de la investigación marina. Las recomendaciones para la acción futura que continuarán aumentando la capacidad y la preparación para la adopción regional de robots marinos incluyen la inversión a nivel local, nacional y regional para proporcionar oportunidades de capacitación accesibles y facilitar las colaboraciones regionales e internacionales; inversión en un centro regional o centro de excelencia para la tecnología robótica marina; adopción temprana de tecnologías autónomas más pequeñas y baratas que están surgiendo recientemente; inversión en habilidades locales e instalaciones de apoyo para ayudar a la aceptación y aceptación local al tiempo que se apoya la capacidad regional. Marine robots have the potential to enhance WIO marine research to improve regional adaptation to the challenges presented by climate change by providing enhanced research capacity that bypasses the requirement for expensive infrastructure, such as large research vessels. This paper tests this potential and assesses the readiness of WIO communities to adopt autonomous technologies to meet its marine research priorities. We apply a range of analyses to a marine robots case study undertaken in waters around the island of Pemba, part of the Zanzibar archipelago, in Tanzania in 2019. The campaign formed part of a multinational project focused on increasing WIO capacity to meet food security and ocean sustainability challenges. A community engagement programme with six Tanzanian coastal communities resulted in positive changes in attitudes towards marine robots with reported increases in understanding and acceptance of such technologies. Suspicion of the robots was reduced and a lower risk of removing operational equipment was recorded following the provision of educational material. Cost, risk and benefit analysis shows that marine robots are perceived to provide high level benefits, but come at a high cost that is difficult to achieve using national or regional funding. An assessment of the capacity of WIO marine institutes to adopt such technologies shows that prior to this work, few skills or infrastructure related to marine robots were available to researchers and further confirmed that funding opportunities were perceived to be largely unavailable at institutional, national, regional or international levels. Responses from regional partners following completion of the case study however, revealed an uplift in perceived capacity, particularly related to access to infrastructure and expertise as well as support and opportunities for funding at each level. The presented case study is shown to have been a valuable demonstrator of the benefits of using marine robots to meet WIO coastal ocean research requirements and regional capacity was shown to be substantially increased within the broad range of marine institutes surveyed throughout the case study period. This study demonstrates that taking early steps towards adopting marine autonomous robots has increased WIO regional marine research capacity and increased the confidence and willingness of local researchers to seek alternative solutions to ongoing marine research challenges. Recommendations for future action that will continue to increase the capacity and readiness for regional adoption of marine robots include investment at local, national and regional levels to provide accessible training opportunities and to facilitate regional and international collaborations; investment in a regional hub, or centre of excellence for marine robotic technology; early adoption of newly emerging smaller, cheaper autonomous technologies; investment in local skills and support facilities to aid local buy-in and acceptance while supporting regional capacity. تتمتع الروبوتات البحرية بالقدرة على تعزيز البحوث البحرية لمنظمة الويبو لتحسين التكيف الإقليمي مع التحديات التي يطرحها تغير المناخ من خلال توفير قدرة بحثية معززة تتجاوز متطلبات البنية التحتية باهظة الثمن، مثل سفن الأبحاث الكبيرة. تختبر هذه الورقة هذه الإمكانات وتقيم استعداد مجتمعات WIO لتبني تقنيات مستقلة لتلبية أولويات أبحاثها البحرية. نطبق مجموعة من التحليلات على دراسة حالة الروبوتات البحرية التي أجريت في المياه المحيطة بجزيرة بيمبا، وهي جزء من أرخبيل زنجبار، في تنزانيا في عام 2019. شكلت الحملة جزءًا من مشروع متعدد الجنسيات يركز على زيادة قدرة WIO على مواجهة تحديات الأمن الغذائي واستدامة المحيطات. أدى برنامج المشاركة المجتمعية مع ستة مجتمعات ساحلية تنزانية إلى تغييرات إيجابية في المواقف تجاه الروبوتات البحرية مع الزيادات المبلغ عنها في فهم وقبول هذه التقنيات. تم تقليل الاشتباه في الروبوتات وتم تسجيل خطر أقل لإزالة المعدات التشغيلية بعد توفير المواد التعليمية. يُظهر تحليل التكلفة والمخاطر والفوائد أن الروبوتات البحرية يُنظر إليها على أنها توفر فوائد عالية المستوى، ولكنها تأتي بتكلفة عالية يصعب تحقيقها باستخدام التمويل الوطني أو الإقليمي. يُظهر تقييم لقدرة المعاهد البحرية التابعة للمنظمة على اعتماد مثل هذه التقنيات أنه قبل هذا العمل، كان هناك عدد قليل من المهارات أو البنية التحتية المتعلقة بالروبوتات البحرية المتاحة للباحثين وأكد كذلك أن فرص التمويل كان يُنظر إليها على أنها غير متاحة إلى حد كبير على المستويات المؤسسية أو الوطنية أو الإقليمية أو الدولية. ومع ذلك، كشفت الردود الواردة من الشركاء الإقليميين بعد الانتهاء من دراسة الحالة عن ارتفاع في القدرات المتصورة، لا سيما فيما يتعلق بالوصول إلى البنية التحتية والخبرات وكذلك الدعم وفرص التمويل على كل مستوى. تبين أن دراسة الحالة المقدمة كانت دليلاً قيّماً على فوائد استخدام الروبوتات البحرية لتلبية متطلبات أبحاث المحيطات الساحلية لمنظمة WIO، وتبين أن القدرة الإقليمية قد زادت بشكل كبير ضمن مجموعة واسعة من المعاهد البحرية التي تم مسحها طوال فترة دراسة الحالة. توضح هذه الدراسة أن اتخاذ خطوات مبكرة نحو اعتماد الروبوتات البحرية المستقلة قد زاد من قدرة البحوث البحرية الإقليمية للمنظمة العالمية للملكية الفكرية وزاد من ثقة واستعداد الباحثين المحليين للبحث عن حلول بديلة لتحديات البحوث البحرية المستمرة. تشمل التوصيات المتعلقة بالإجراءات المستقبلية التي ستستمر في زيادة القدرة والاستعداد للاعتماد الإقليمي للروبوتات البحرية الاستثمار على المستويات المحلية والوطنية والإقليمية لتوفير فرص تدريب يمكن الوصول إليها ولتسهيل التعاون الإقليمي والدولي ؛ والاستثمار في مركز إقليمي أو مركز امتياز لتكنولوجيا الروبوتات البحرية ؛ والاعتماد المبكر للتقنيات المستقلة الأصغر والأرخص الناشئة حديثًا ؛ والاستثمار في المهارات المحلية ومرافق الدعم للمساعدة في المشاركة والقبول المحليين مع دعم القدرات الإقليمية.

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    Ocean & Coastal Management
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      Ocean & Coastal Management
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lara Paige Brodie; Smit Vasquez Caballero; Elena Ojea; Sarah F. W. Taylor; +5 Authors

    AbstractFood insecurity is a pressing issue facing our world, particularly affecting coastal communities who rely on marine resources. The problem is further compounded by the rapidly changing climate, a deteriorating environment and growing human populations. It is essential to evaluate this issue accurately to reduce risk and improve the situation of coastal communities, especially in countries with less socioeconomic development. To this end, we develop a food security social-ecological risk assessment framework for developing communities in coastal areas of the Western Indian Ocean facing a changing environment. The framework integrates local ecological knowledge, expert scientific opinion, survey data, and satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a observation. We conducted a local-scale case study in four regions in Tanzania; Mafia, Pemba, Tanga, and Unguja, revealing that they face moderate to high risk levels of food insecurity. The highest risk was observed in the island communities of Pemba and Unguja, while the communities of Mafia and Tanga had the lowest risk due to lower exposure and sensitivity to climate change. Our results show that recognizing the key differences across risk components is crucial in identifying effective intervention strategies for local practitioners. This study highlights the need for detailed assessments to provide accurate information on local-scale food security dynamics, specifically when assessing impacts induced by environmental and climatic changes.

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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Food Security
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2024
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Investigo
    Article . 2024
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Investigo
    Food Security
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Food Security
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Investigo
      Article . 2024
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      Food Security
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Zoe Jacobs; Fatma Jebri; Meric Srokosz; ‪Dionysios E. Raitsos; +10 Authors

    Under the impact of natural and anthropogenic climate variability, upwelling systems are known to change their properties leading to associated regime shifts in marine ecosystems. These often impact commercial fisheries and societies dependent on them. In a region where in situ hydrographic and biological marine data are scarce, this study uses a combination of remote sensing and ocean modelling to show how a stable seasonal upwelling off the Kenyan coast shifted into the territorial waters of neighboring Tanzania under the influence of the unique 1997/98 El Niño and positive Indian Ocean Dipole event. The formation of an anticyclonic gyre adjacent to the Kenyan/Tanzanian coast led to a reorganization of the surface currents and caused the southward migration of the Somali–Zanzibar confluence zone and is attributed to anomalous wind stress curl over the central Indian Ocean. This caused the lowest observed chlorophyll-a over the North Kenya banks (Kenya), while it reached its historical maximum off Dar Es Salaam (Tanzanian waters). We demonstrate that this situation is specific to the 1997/98 El Niño when compared with other the super El-Niño events of 1972,73, 1982–83 and 2015–16. Despite the lack of available fishery data in the region, the local ecosystem changes that the shift of this upwelling may have caused are discussed based on the literature. The likely negative impacts on local fish stocks in Kenya, affecting fishers’ livelihoods and food security, and the temporary increase in pelagic fishery species’ productivity in Tanzania are highlighted. Finally, we discuss how satellite observations may assist fisheries management bodies to anticipate low productivity periods, and mitigate their potentially negative economic impacts.

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    Authors: Colin Abernethy; Ekaterina Popova; Juliane Wihsgott; Kennedy Osuka; +13 Authors

    Les robots marins ont le potentiel d'améliorer la recherche marine WIO pour améliorer l'adaptation régionale aux défis posés par le changement climatique en fournissant une capacité de recherche accrue qui contourne la nécessité d'infrastructures coûteuses, telles que les grands navires de recherche. Cet article teste ce potentiel et évalue l'état de préparation des communautés WIO à adopter des technologies autonomes pour répondre à ses priorités de recherche marine. Nous appliquons une gamme d'analyses à une étude de cas de robots marins entreprise dans les eaux autour de l'île de Pemba, une partie de l'archipel de Zanzibar, en Tanzanie en 2019. La campagne faisait partie d'un projet multinational axé sur l'augmentation de la capacité de l'OIO à relever les défis de la sécurité alimentaire et de la durabilité des océans. Un programme d'engagement communautaire avec six communautés côtières tanzaniennes a entraîné des changements positifs dans les attitudes envers les robots marins, avec des augmentations signalées dans la compréhension et l'acceptation de ces technologies. La suspicion des robots a été réduite et un risque plus faible de retrait de l'équipement opérationnel a été enregistré suite à la fourniture de matériel éducatif. L'analyse des coûts, des risques et des avantages montre que les robots marins sont perçus comme offrant des avantages de haut niveau, mais à un coût élevé difficile à atteindre en utilisant un financement national ou régional. Une évaluation de la capacité des instituts marins WIO à adopter de telles technologies montre qu'avant ce travail, peu de compétences ou d'infrastructures liées aux robots marins étaient disponibles pour les chercheurs et a en outre confirmé que les opportunités de financement étaient perçues comme largement indisponibles aux niveaux institutionnel, national, régional ou international. Les réponses des partenaires régionaux à la suite de l'achèvement de l'étude de cas ont toutefois révélé un accroissement de la capacité perçue, en particulier en ce qui concerne l'accès à l'infrastructure et à l'expertise, ainsi que le soutien et les possibilités de financement à chaque niveau. L'étude de cas présentée s'est avérée avoir été un précieux démonstrateur des avantages de l'utilisation de robots marins pour répondre aux exigences de recherche sur les océans côtiers de WIO et il a été démontré que la capacité régionale avait considérablement augmenté dans le large éventail d'instituts marins étudiés tout au long de la période de l'étude de cas. Cette étude démontre que la prise de mesures précoces en vue de l'adoption de robots marins autonomes a augmenté la capacité de recherche marine régionale de WIO et accru la confiance et la volonté des chercheurs locaux de rechercher des solutions alternatives aux défis de recherche marine en cours. Les recommandations pour les actions futures qui continueront d'augmenter la capacité et la préparation à l'adoption régionale des robots marins comprennent l'investissement aux niveaux local, national et régional pour fournir des opportunités de formation accessibles et faciliter les collaborations régionales et internationales ; l'investissement dans un centre régional ou un centre d'excellence pour la technologie robotique marine ; l'adoption précoce de technologies autonomes plus petites et moins chères nouvellement émergentes ; l'investissement dans les compétences locales et les installations de soutien pour aider l'adhésion et l'acceptation locales tout en soutenant la capacité régionale. Los robots marinos tienen el potencial de mejorar la investigación marina de la OMI para mejorar la adaptación regional a los desafíos presentados por el cambio climático al proporcionar una mayor capacidad de investigación que evita el requisito de una infraestructura costosa, como los grandes buques de investigación. Este documento pone a prueba este potencial y evalúa la disposición de las comunidades de la OMI a adoptar tecnologías autónomas para cumplir con sus prioridades de investigación marina. Aplicamos una serie de análisis a un estudio de caso de robots marinos realizado en aguas alrededor de la isla de Pemba, parte del archipiélago de Zanzíbar, en Tanzania en 2019. La campaña formó parte de un proyecto multinacional centrado en aumentar la capacidad de la OMI para hacer frente a los desafíos de la seguridad alimentaria y la sostenibilidad de los océanos. Un programa de participación comunitaria con seis comunidades costeras de Tanzania dio lugar a cambios positivos en las actitudes hacia los robots marinos con aumentos reportados en la comprensión y aceptación de tales tecnologías. La sospecha de los robots se redujo y se registró un menor riesgo de retirar el equipo operativo después de la provisión de material educativo. El análisis de costos, riesgos y beneficios muestra que se percibe que los robots marinos proporcionan beneficios de alto nivel, pero tienen un alto costo que es difícil de lograr con fondos nacionales o regionales. Una evaluación de la capacidad de los institutos marinos de la OMI para adoptar tales tecnologías muestra que antes de este trabajo, los investigadores disponían de pocas habilidades o infraestructuras relacionadas con los robots marinos y confirmó además que se percibía que las oportunidades de financiación no estaban disponibles en gran medida a nivel institucional, nacional, regional o internacional. Sin embargo, las respuestas de los socios regionales después de la finalización del estudio de caso revelaron un aumento en la capacidad percibida, particularmente relacionada con el acceso a la infraestructura y la experiencia, así como el apoyo y las oportunidades de financiación en cada nivel. Se demuestra que el estudio de caso presentado ha sido un valioso demostrador de los beneficios del uso de robots marinos para cumplir con los requisitos de investigación oceánica costera de WIO y se demostró que la capacidad regional aumentó sustancialmente dentro de la amplia gama de institutos marinos encuestados durante todo el período del estudio de caso. Este estudio demuestra que dar los primeros pasos hacia la adopción de robots marinos autónomos ha aumentado la capacidad de investigación marina regional de la OMI y ha aumentado la confianza y la voluntad de los investigadores locales para buscar soluciones alternativas a los desafíos actuales de la investigación marina. Las recomendaciones para la acción futura que continuarán aumentando la capacidad y la preparación para la adopción regional de robots marinos incluyen la inversión a nivel local, nacional y regional para proporcionar oportunidades de capacitación accesibles y facilitar las colaboraciones regionales e internacionales; inversión en un centro regional o centro de excelencia para la tecnología robótica marina; adopción temprana de tecnologías autónomas más pequeñas y baratas que están surgiendo recientemente; inversión en habilidades locales e instalaciones de apoyo para ayudar a la aceptación y aceptación local al tiempo que se apoya la capacidad regional. Marine robots have the potential to enhance WIO marine research to improve regional adaptation to the challenges presented by climate change by providing enhanced research capacity that bypasses the requirement for expensive infrastructure, such as large research vessels. This paper tests this potential and assesses the readiness of WIO communities to adopt autonomous technologies to meet its marine research priorities. We apply a range of analyses to a marine robots case study undertaken in waters around the island of Pemba, part of the Zanzibar archipelago, in Tanzania in 2019. The campaign formed part of a multinational project focused on increasing WIO capacity to meet food security and ocean sustainability challenges. A community engagement programme with six Tanzanian coastal communities resulted in positive changes in attitudes towards marine robots with reported increases in understanding and acceptance of such technologies. Suspicion of the robots was reduced and a lower risk of removing operational equipment was recorded following the provision of educational material. Cost, risk and benefit analysis shows that marine robots are perceived to provide high level benefits, but come at a high cost that is difficult to achieve using national or regional funding. An assessment of the capacity of WIO marine institutes to adopt such technologies shows that prior to this work, few skills or infrastructure related to marine robots were available to researchers and further confirmed that funding opportunities were perceived to be largely unavailable at institutional, national, regional or international levels. Responses from regional partners following completion of the case study however, revealed an uplift in perceived capacity, particularly related to access to infrastructure and expertise as well as support and opportunities for funding at each level. The presented case study is shown to have been a valuable demonstrator of the benefits of using marine robots to meet WIO coastal ocean research requirements and regional capacity was shown to be substantially increased within the broad range of marine institutes surveyed throughout the case study period. This study demonstrates that taking early steps towards adopting marine autonomous robots has increased WIO regional marine research capacity and increased the confidence and willingness of local researchers to seek alternative solutions to ongoing marine research challenges. Recommendations for future action that will continue to increase the capacity and readiness for regional adoption of marine robots include investment at local, national and regional levels to provide accessible training opportunities and to facilitate regional and international collaborations; investment in a regional hub, or centre of excellence for marine robotic technology; early adoption of newly emerging smaller, cheaper autonomous technologies; investment in local skills and support facilities to aid local buy-in and acceptance while supporting regional capacity. تتمتع الروبوتات البحرية بالقدرة على تعزيز البحوث البحرية لمنظمة الويبو لتحسين التكيف الإقليمي مع التحديات التي يطرحها تغير المناخ من خلال توفير قدرة بحثية معززة تتجاوز متطلبات البنية التحتية باهظة الثمن، مثل سفن الأبحاث الكبيرة. تختبر هذه الورقة هذه الإمكانات وتقيم استعداد مجتمعات WIO لتبني تقنيات مستقلة لتلبية أولويات أبحاثها البحرية. نطبق مجموعة من التحليلات على دراسة حالة الروبوتات البحرية التي أجريت في المياه المحيطة بجزيرة بيمبا، وهي جزء من أرخبيل زنجبار، في تنزانيا في عام 2019. شكلت الحملة جزءًا من مشروع متعدد الجنسيات يركز على زيادة قدرة WIO على مواجهة تحديات الأمن الغذائي واستدامة المحيطات. أدى برنامج المشاركة المجتمعية مع ستة مجتمعات ساحلية تنزانية إلى تغييرات إيجابية في المواقف تجاه الروبوتات البحرية مع الزيادات المبلغ عنها في فهم وقبول هذه التقنيات. تم تقليل الاشتباه في الروبوتات وتم تسجيل خطر أقل لإزالة المعدات التشغيلية بعد توفير المواد التعليمية. يُظهر تحليل التكلفة والمخاطر والفوائد أن الروبوتات البحرية يُنظر إليها على أنها توفر فوائد عالية المستوى، ولكنها تأتي بتكلفة عالية يصعب تحقيقها باستخدام التمويل الوطني أو الإقليمي. يُظهر تقييم لقدرة المعاهد البحرية التابعة للمنظمة على اعتماد مثل هذه التقنيات أنه قبل هذا العمل، كان هناك عدد قليل من المهارات أو البنية التحتية المتعلقة بالروبوتات البحرية المتاحة للباحثين وأكد كذلك أن فرص التمويل كان يُنظر إليها على أنها غير متاحة إلى حد كبير على المستويات المؤسسية أو الوطنية أو الإقليمية أو الدولية. ومع ذلك، كشفت الردود الواردة من الشركاء الإقليميين بعد الانتهاء من دراسة الحالة عن ارتفاع في القدرات المتصورة، لا سيما فيما يتعلق بالوصول إلى البنية التحتية والخبرات وكذلك الدعم وفرص التمويل على كل مستوى. تبين أن دراسة الحالة المقدمة كانت دليلاً قيّماً على فوائد استخدام الروبوتات البحرية لتلبية متطلبات أبحاث المحيطات الساحلية لمنظمة WIO، وتبين أن القدرة الإقليمية قد زادت بشكل كبير ضمن مجموعة واسعة من المعاهد البحرية التي تم مسحها طوال فترة دراسة الحالة. توضح هذه الدراسة أن اتخاذ خطوات مبكرة نحو اعتماد الروبوتات البحرية المستقلة قد زاد من قدرة البحوث البحرية الإقليمية للمنظمة العالمية للملكية الفكرية وزاد من ثقة واستعداد الباحثين المحليين للبحث عن حلول بديلة لتحديات البحوث البحرية المستمرة. تشمل التوصيات المتعلقة بالإجراءات المستقبلية التي ستستمر في زيادة القدرة والاستعداد للاعتماد الإقليمي للروبوتات البحرية الاستثمار على المستويات المحلية والوطنية والإقليمية لتوفير فرص تدريب يمكن الوصول إليها ولتسهيل التعاون الإقليمي والدولي ؛ والاستثمار في مركز إقليمي أو مركز امتياز لتكنولوجيا الروبوتات البحرية ؛ والاعتماد المبكر للتقنيات المستقلة الأصغر والأرخص الناشئة حديثًا ؛ والاستثمار في المهارات المحلية ومرافق الدعم للمساعدة في المشاركة والقبول المحليين مع دعم القدرات الإقليمية.

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    Ocean & Coastal Management
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      Ocean & Coastal Management
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
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      Ocean & Coastal Management
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      License: CC BY
      Data sources: UnpayWall
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/4q...
      Other literature type . 2021
      Data sources: Datacite
      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/qe...
      Other literature type . 2021
      Data sources: Datacite
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