M. de Wild-Scholten; V. Cassagne; T. Huld;M. de Wild-Scholten
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileM. de Wild-Scholten in OpenAIREThe 2011 world average carbon footprint of PV system manufacturing is estimated as 1798 kg CO2- eq/kWp using technology shares (multi, mono, film Si, CdTe, CIGS) as weighting factors. The electricity mixes of all production countries of poly-Si, wafer, cell and modules was taken into account. New yearly irradiation data (kWh/m2) and PV energy output (kWh/kWp) are calculated for different regions in Europe on NUTS level 1 and 2 for horizontal, optimum and vertical angle. The world average carbon footprint of PV electricity generation is estimated as 55 g CO2- eq/kWh with cumulative installations as weighting factors. Lowest value of 38 g CO2-eq/kWh is for Cyprus which has a high irradiation and the highest value of 89 g CO2-eq/kWh is for Iceland which has a low irradiation. It is assumed that the PV modules are installed at optimal angle to the sun and end-of-life treatment is excluded. The majority of countries can decrease the greenhouse gas emission of electricity generation by increasing the share of photovoltaics. 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3421-3430
5 citations 5 popularity Average influence Top 10% impulse Average 
Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.4229/eupvsec20142014-5dv.3.46&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu- M. de Wild-Scholten; V. Cassagne; T. Huld;
M. de Wild-Scholten
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileM. de Wild-Scholten in OpenAIREThe 2011 world average carbon footprint of PV system manufacturing is estimated as 1798 kg CO2- eq/kWp using technology shares (multi, mono, film Si, CdTe, CIGS) as weighting factors. The electricity mixes of all production countries of poly-Si, wafer, cell and modules was taken into account. New yearly irradiation data (kWh/m2) and PV energy output (kWh/kWp) are calculated for different regions in Europe on NUTS level 1 and 2 for horizontal, optimum and vertical angle. The world average carbon footprint of PV electricity generation is estimated as 55 g CO2- eq/kWh with cumulative installations as weighting factors. Lowest value of 38 g CO2-eq/kWh is for Cyprus which has a high irradiation and the highest value of 89 g CO2-eq/kWh is for Iceland which has a low irradiation. It is assumed that the PV modules are installed at optimal angle to the sun and end-of-life treatment is excluded. The majority of countries can decrease the greenhouse gas emission of electricity generation by increasing the share of photovoltaics. 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3421-3430
5 citations 5 popularity Average influence Top 10% impulse Average Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.4229/eupvsec20142014-5dv.3.46&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Rolf Frischknecht;
Rolf Frischknecht
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileRolf Frischknecht in OpenAIRE Christian Breyer; Arthur Keller;Christian Breyer
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileChristian Breyer in OpenAIRE Michael Carbajales-Dale; +21 AuthorsMichael Carbajales-Dale
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMichael Carbajales-Dale in OpenAIRE Rolf Frischknecht; Rolf Frischknecht
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileRolf Frischknecht in OpenAIRE Christian Breyer; Arthur Keller;Christian Breyer
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileChristian Breyer in OpenAIRE Michael Carbajales-Dale; Michael Carbajales-Dale
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMichael Carbajales-Dale in OpenAIRE Sgouris Sgouridis; Sgouris Sgouridis
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileSgouris Sgouridis in OpenAIRE Garvin Heath; Garvin Heath; W.C. Sinke;Garvin Heath
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileGarvin Heath in OpenAIRE Philippe Stolz; Nicola Pearsall;Philippe Stolz
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FilePhilippe Stolz in OpenAIRE Mariska de Wild-Scholten; Arnulf Jæger-Waldau;Mariska de Wild-Scholten
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMariska de Wild-Scholten in OpenAIRE Marco Raugei; Marco Raugei; C. J. Barnhart; Vasilis Fthenakis; Vasilis Fthenakis; David J. Murphy; Adam Siegel; Ugo Bardi; Alastair Buckley;Marco Raugei
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMarco Raugei in OpenAIRE Pierluigi Mancarella; Pierluigi Mancarella
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FilePierluigi Mancarella in OpenAIRE Denes Csala; Chris Jones;Denes Csala
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileDenes Csala in OpenAIRE Enrica Leccisi; Enrica Leccisi
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileEnrica Leccisi in OpenAIREA recent paper by Ferroni and Hopkirk (2016) asserts that the ERoEI (also referred to as EROI) of photovoltaic (PV) systems is so low that they actually act as net energy sinks, rather than delivering energy to society. Such claim, if accurate, would call into question many energy investment decisions. In the same paper, a comparison is also drawn between PV and nuclear electricity. We have carefully analysed this paper, and found methodological inconsistencies and calculation errors that, in combination, render its conclusions not scientifically sound. Ferroni and Hopkirk adopt ‘extended’ boundaries for their analysis of PV without acknowledging that such choice of boundaries makes their results incompatible with those for all other technologies that have been analysed using more conventional boundaries, including nuclear energy with which the authors engage in multiple inconsistent comparisons. In addition, they use out-dated information, make invalid assumptions on PV specifications and other key parameters, and conduct calculation errors, including double counting. We herein provide revised EROI calculations for PV electricity in Switzerland, adopting both conventional and ‘extended’ system boundaries, to contrast with their results, which points to an order-of-magnitude underestimate of the EROI of PV in Switzerland by Ferroni and Hopkirk.
Access RoutesGreen hybrid 68 citations 68 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.enpol.2016.12.042&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Rolf Frischknecht;
Rolf Frischknecht
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileRolf Frischknecht in OpenAIRE Christian Breyer; Arthur Keller;Christian Breyer
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileChristian Breyer in OpenAIRE Michael Carbajales-Dale; +21 AuthorsMichael Carbajales-Dale
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMichael Carbajales-Dale in OpenAIRE Rolf Frischknecht; Rolf Frischknecht
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileRolf Frischknecht in OpenAIRE Christian Breyer; Arthur Keller;Christian Breyer
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileChristian Breyer in OpenAIRE Michael Carbajales-Dale; Michael Carbajales-Dale
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMichael Carbajales-Dale in OpenAIRE Sgouris Sgouridis; Sgouris Sgouridis
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileSgouris Sgouridis in OpenAIRE Garvin Heath; Garvin Heath; W.C. Sinke;Garvin Heath
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileGarvin Heath in OpenAIRE Philippe Stolz; Nicola Pearsall;Philippe Stolz
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FilePhilippe Stolz in OpenAIRE Mariska de Wild-Scholten; Arnulf Jæger-Waldau;Mariska de Wild-Scholten
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMariska de Wild-Scholten in OpenAIRE Marco Raugei; Marco Raugei; C. J. Barnhart; Vasilis Fthenakis; Vasilis Fthenakis; David J. Murphy; Adam Siegel; Ugo Bardi; Alastair Buckley;Marco Raugei
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMarco Raugei in OpenAIRE Pierluigi Mancarella; Pierluigi Mancarella
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FilePierluigi Mancarella in OpenAIRE Denes Csala; Chris Jones;Denes Csala
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileDenes Csala in OpenAIRE Enrica Leccisi; Enrica Leccisi
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileEnrica Leccisi in OpenAIREA recent paper by Ferroni and Hopkirk (2016) asserts that the ERoEI (also referred to as EROI) of photovoltaic (PV) systems is so low that they actually act as net energy sinks, rather than delivering energy to society. Such claim, if accurate, would call into question many energy investment decisions. In the same paper, a comparison is also drawn between PV and nuclear electricity. We have carefully analysed this paper, and found methodological inconsistencies and calculation errors that, in combination, render its conclusions not scientifically sound. Ferroni and Hopkirk adopt ‘extended’ boundaries for their analysis of PV without acknowledging that such choice of boundaries makes their results incompatible with those for all other technologies that have been analysed using more conventional boundaries, including nuclear energy with which the authors engage in multiple inconsistent comparisons. In addition, they use out-dated information, make invalid assumptions on PV specifications and other key parameters, and conduct calculation errors, including double counting. We herein provide revised EROI calculations for PV electricity in Switzerland, adopting both conventional and ‘extended’ system boundaries, to contrast with their results, which points to an order-of-magnitude underestimate of the EROI of PV in Switzerland by Ferroni and Hopkirk.
Access RoutesGreen hybrid 68 citations 68 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.enpol.2016.12.042&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Mariska de Wild-Scholten; W.C. Sinke; Vasilis Fthenakis;
Mariska de Wild-Scholten
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMariska de Wild-Scholten in OpenAIRE Sander A. Mann; +2 AuthorsSander A. Mann
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileSander A. Mann in OpenAIRE Mariska de Wild-Scholten; W.C. Sinke; Vasilis Fthenakis;Mariska de Wild-Scholten
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMariska de Wild-Scholten in OpenAIRE Sander A. Mann; Sander A. Mann;Sander A. Mann
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileSander A. Mann in OpenAIRE Wilfried van Sark; Wilfried van Sark
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileWilfried van Sark in OpenAIREABSTRACTThe photovoltaic (PV) market is experiencing vigorous growth, whereas prices are dropping rapidly. This growth has in large part been possible through public support, deserved for its promise to produce electricity at a low cost to the environment. It is therefore important to monitor and minimize environmental impacts associated with PV technologies. In this work, we forecast the environmental performance of crystalline silicon technologies in 2020, the year in which electricity from PV is anticipated to be competitive with wholesale electricity costs all across Europe. Our forecasts are based on technological scenario development and a prospective life cycle assessment with a thorough uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. We estimate that the energy payback time at an in‐plane irradiation of 1700 kWh/(m2 year) of crystalline silicon modules can be reduced to below 0.5 years by 2020, which is less than half of the current energy payback time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Access RoutesGreen bronze 76 citations 76 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1002/pip.2363&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Mariska de Wild-Scholten; W.C. Sinke; Vasilis Fthenakis;
Mariska de Wild-Scholten
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMariska de Wild-Scholten in OpenAIRE Sander A. Mann; +2 AuthorsSander A. Mann
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileSander A. Mann in OpenAIRE Mariska de Wild-Scholten; W.C. Sinke; Vasilis Fthenakis;Mariska de Wild-Scholten
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileMariska de Wild-Scholten in OpenAIRE Sander A. Mann; Sander A. Mann;Sander A. Mann
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileSander A. Mann in OpenAIRE Wilfried van Sark; Wilfried van Sark
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileWilfried van Sark in OpenAIREABSTRACTThe photovoltaic (PV) market is experiencing vigorous growth, whereas prices are dropping rapidly. This growth has in large part been possible through public support, deserved for its promise to produce electricity at a low cost to the environment. It is therefore important to monitor and minimize environmental impacts associated with PV technologies. In this work, we forecast the environmental performance of crystalline silicon technologies in 2020, the year in which electricity from PV is anticipated to be competitive with wholesale electricity costs all across Europe. Our forecasts are based on technological scenario development and a prospective life cycle assessment with a thorough uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. We estimate that the energy payback time at an in‐plane irradiation of 1700 kWh/(m2 year) of crystalline silicon modules can be reduced to below 0.5 years by 2020, which is less than half of the current energy payback time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Access RoutesGreen bronze 76 citations 76 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1002/pip.2363&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - M. de Wild-Scholten;
M. de Wild-Scholten
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileM. de Wild-Scholten in OpenAIREThe globalization of the production of PV requires an analysis of the environmental impact which takes country specific production processes into account. The country electricity mix influences the primary energy needed and CO2-equivalents emitted per kWh produced. The electricity mix used for the production of poly-silicon is often different from the country mix but also considered confidential in many cases. For the production of poly-silicon several manufacturers use hydropower or Combined Heat&Power (CHP)/Cogeneration but exact data are missing. As a result energy payback time and carbon footprint for equal factories differ based on electricity mix used. In addition to this difference due to production location the irradiation on the solar panel depends on installation location. For commercial roof-top flat plate PV systems, the energy payback time and carbon footprint vary considerably for silicon based modules based on the actual country mix, with the low end of the range with poly-Si from hydropower and wafer/cell/module from UCTE electricity. The energy payback time and carbon footprint of CdTe thin film PV technology is less sensitive to country energy mix due to the lower electricity consumption of CdTe PV module production compared to other PV technologies For this analysis, all systems were assumed to be installed in Southern Europe (1700 kWh/m2.year). For commercial roof-top flat plate PV systems with poly-Si from hydropower and wafer/cell/module from UCTE electricity, installed in Southern Europe (1700 kWh/m2.year): • Energy payback time ~0.8-1.7 years, • Carbon footprint ~19-34 g CO2-eq/kWh. Concentrator PV modules use a different part of the irradiation compared to flat-plat PV modules and can only be compared for a certain installation location. Two commercial CPV systems assumed to be installed in Catania (Sicily) have energy payback times of 0.7 and 1.5 years at DNI of 1794 kWh/m2.year (Catania, Sicily) on a 2-axis tracker. The global irradiation on optimally-inclined flate plate module on this location is 1925 kWh/m2.year. 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3080-3083
13 citations 13 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.4229/26theupvsec2011-4dp.2.4&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - M. de Wild-Scholten;
M. de Wild-Scholten
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileM. de Wild-Scholten in OpenAIREThe globalization of the production of PV requires an analysis of the environmental impact which takes country specific production processes into account. The country electricity mix influences the primary energy needed and CO2-equivalents emitted per kWh produced. The electricity mix used for the production of poly-silicon is often different from the country mix but also considered confidential in many cases. For the production of poly-silicon several manufacturers use hydropower or Combined Heat&Power (CHP)/Cogeneration but exact data are missing. As a result energy payback time and carbon footprint for equal factories differ based on electricity mix used. In addition to this difference due to production location the irradiation on the solar panel depends on installation location. For commercial roof-top flat plate PV systems, the energy payback time and carbon footprint vary considerably for silicon based modules based on the actual country mix, with the low end of the range with poly-Si from hydropower and wafer/cell/module from UCTE electricity. The energy payback time and carbon footprint of CdTe thin film PV technology is less sensitive to country energy mix due to the lower electricity consumption of CdTe PV module production compared to other PV technologies For this analysis, all systems were assumed to be installed in Southern Europe (1700 kWh/m2.year). For commercial roof-top flat plate PV systems with poly-Si from hydropower and wafer/cell/module from UCTE electricity, installed in Southern Europe (1700 kWh/m2.year): • Energy payback time ~0.8-1.7 years, • Carbon footprint ~19-34 g CO2-eq/kWh. Concentrator PV modules use a different part of the irradiation compared to flat-plat PV modules and can only be compared for a certain installation location. Two commercial CPV systems assumed to be installed in Catania (Sicily) have energy payback times of 0.7 and 1.5 years at DNI of 1794 kWh/m2.year (Catania, Sicily) on a 2-axis tracker. The global irradiation on optimally-inclined flate plate module on this location is 1925 kWh/m2.year. 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3080-3083
13 citations 13 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.4229/26theupvsec2011-4dp.2.4&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - M.J. (Mariska) de Wild-Scholten;
M.J. (Mariska) de Wild-Scholten
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileM.J. (Mariska) de Wild-Scholten in OpenAIREAbstract Energy payback time and carbon footprint of commercial roof-top photovoltaic systems are calculated based on new 2011 manufacturers' data; and on 2013 equipment manufacturers' estimates of “micromorph” silicon photovoltaic modules. The energy payback times and carbon footprints are 1.96, 1.24, 1.39, 0.92, 0.68, and 1.02 years and 38.1, 27.2, 34.8, 22.8, 15.8, and 21.4 g CO2-eq/kWh for monocrystalline silicon, multicrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, “micromorph” silicon, cadmium telluride and CIGS roof-top photovoltaic systems, respectively, assuming a poly-silicon production with hydropower; ingot-, wafer-, solar cell and module production with UCTE electricity; an irradiation on an optimized-angle of 1700 kWh/(m2×year); excluding installation, operation and maintenance and end-of-life phase. Shifting production of poly-silicon, ingots, wafers, cells and modules to China results in similar energy payback times but increases the carbon footprint by a factor 1.3–2.1, depending on the electricity intensity of manufacturing.
279 citations 279 popularity Top 1% influence Top 1% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2013.08.037&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - M.J. (Mariska) de Wild-Scholten;
M.J. (Mariska) de Wild-Scholten
Harvested from ORCID Public Data FileM.J. (Mariska) de Wild-Scholten in OpenAIREAbstract Energy payback time and carbon footprint of commercial roof-top photovoltaic systems are calculated based on new 2011 manufacturers' data; and on 2013 equipment manufacturers' estimates of “micromorph” silicon photovoltaic modules. The energy payback times and carbon footprints are 1.96, 1.24, 1.39, 0.92, 0.68, and 1.02 years and 38.1, 27.2, 34.8, 22.8, 15.8, and 21.4 g CO2-eq/kWh for monocrystalline silicon, multicrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, “micromorph” silicon, cadmium telluride and CIGS roof-top photovoltaic systems, respectively, assuming a poly-silicon production with hydropower; ingot-, wafer-, solar cell and module production with UCTE electricity; an irradiation on an optimized-angle of 1700 kWh/(m2×year); excluding installation, operation and maintenance and end-of-life phase. Shifting production of poly-silicon, ingots, wafers, cells and modules to China results in similar energy payback times but increases the carbon footprint by a factor 1.3–2.1, depending on the electricity intensity of manufacturing.
279 citations 279 popularity Top 1% influence Top 1% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.<script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.solmat.2013.08.037&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu
