• Energy Research

Gold nanoparticles (1–100[Formula: see text]nm) are minute particles and are safer to disperse into blood to deal with many internal ailments. Magnetized gold nanoparticles with their promising effect in biomedicines are the epicenter of research for many scientists. This study is an attempt to apply nanomaterials in the field of bio-medicine. Particularly, the study surrounds around heat and mass transfer property of blood nanofluid in porous artery of narrow diameter. This work involves modeling a layer of gold nanoparticles in blood flow along porous surface as well as effect of reaction. Flow of blood is assumed to be non-Newtonian (in vessels of small diameter). Magnetic effect is also clubbed with the study. Standard procedure of reducing equations is used. Nanoparticles’ layering concentration in the range of 2–9% delivers noticeable effects on conduction of heat and performance of blood flow. Numerical solution was obtained by MATLAB after shooting an appropriate guess. Accounting effect of layering of nanoparticle on Casson parameter leaves a noticeable impact on results. Graphical plots are used to extract impact of each parameter on heat conduction and velocity of the blood. The findings threw light on importance of magnetic parameters in relocating heat. The increase in thickness of layer of nanoparticle from 2[Formula: see text]nm to 6[Formula: see text]nm, increased heat conductivity and performance significantly. The information from this work can be basis of novel method of treatment in medical field and can deliver the base for future experimentation.

This paper discusses the magnetic powers on the thermosolutal convection of nano-encapsulated phase change material (NEPCM) inside a porous annulus by using the ISPH method. A novel annulus is constructed between an exterior hexagonal-shaped and inner shape of the dual curves having varying lengths (a&b). The heat/mass source is put in the left-top and right-bottom parts of a hexagonal-shaped and the other parts are adiabatic. The inner dual curves are maintained at Tc and Cc. The effects of the inner dual curve lengths (a=0.1−0.4&b=0.2−1), a fusion temperature (θf=0.05−0.95), Darcy parameter (Da=10−2−10−5), Hartmann number (Ha=0−100), solid volume fraction (ϕ=0.01−0.06), time parameter (τ=0−0.8), and Rayleigh number (Ra=103−106) on the contours of heat capacity, concentration, streamlines, temperature, and nanofluid velocity are researched. The results revealed that an increase in a fusion temperature shifts a phase change zone from the dual curves towards the heater source positions. The lengths of the inner dual curves are controlling the contours of the heat capacity, temperature, streamlines, and concentration in an annulus. Thus, the velocity's maximum boosts by 26.92% as length b shrinks from 1 to 0.2. Increasing Ra expands the contours of temperature, concentration, and heat capacity Cr across an annulus.

This study focuses on the analysis of the mixed convection in a sloshing cavity filled with a nanofluid and a non-Darcy porous medium using incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method. In ISPH method, the dummy wall boundary particles are applied to prevent the particle penetrations during the cavity sloshing. Here, the cavity is sloshing under a resonance sway excitation at different values of a amplitude of a wave. The cavity has cool temperature at the top wall, hot temperature at the bottom wall and adiabatic temperature at side walls. The current investigations check the effects of the Richardson parameter $$Ri\,(0.0001 - 1)$$, amplitude of a wave $$A\;(0.1 - 0.8)$$, Darcy parameter $$Da\;(10^{ - 6} - 10^{ - 1} )$$ and a solid volume fraction $$\phi \,(0 - 0.05)$$ on the fluid flow and heat transfer inside a sloshing cavity. Here, the baffle is inserted inside the middle of the square cavity carrying two different cases of the thermal boundary conditions. The results showed that the higher resistance force for fluid flow and an increase in heat transfer were obtained when Darcy parameter decreases. The inner baffle has a strong effect on the temperature distributions along the cavity. The present ISPH method is a robust in a long-time simulation of mixed convection for sloshing problems.

The flow and heat transfer fields from a nanofluid within a horizontal annulus partly saturated with a porous region are examined by the Galerkin weighted residual finite element technique scheme. The inner and the outer circular boundaries have hot and cold temperatures, respectively. Impacts of the wide ranges of the Darcy number, porosity, dimensionless length of the porous layer, and nanoparticle volume fractions on the streamlines, isotherms, and isentropic distributions are investigated. The primary outcomes revealed that the stream function value is powered by increasing the Darcy parameter and porosity and reduced by growing the porous region’s area. The Bejan number and the average temperature are reduced by the increase in Da, porosity ε, and nanoparticles volume fractions ϕ. The heat transfer through the nanofluid-porous layer was determined to be the best toward high rates of Darcy number, porosity, and volume fraction of nanofluid. Further, the local velocity and local temperature in the interface surface between nanofluid-porous layers obtain high values at the smallest area from the porous region (D=0.4), and in contrast, the local heat transfer takes the lower value.