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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Neha Khan; Chia Ai Ooi; Abdulrahman Alturki; Mohammad Amir; +2 Authors
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Reportsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energy Reports
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Reportsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energy Reports
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Neha Khan; Chia Ai Ooi; Abdulrahman Alturki; Mohammad Amir; +2 Authors
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Reportsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energy Reports
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Reportsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energy Reports
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sivakavi Naga Venkata Bramareswara Rao; Venkata Pavan Kumar Yellapragada; Kottala Padma; Darsy John Pradeep; +3 Authors

    The modern-day urban energy sector possesses the integrated operation of various microgrids located in a vicinity, named cluster microgrids, which helps to reduce the utility grid burden. However, these cluster microgrids require a precise electric load projection to manage the operations, as the integrated operation of multiple microgrids leads to dynamic load demand. Thus, load forecasting is a complicated operation that requires more than statistical methods. There are different machine learning methods available in the literature that are applied to single microgrid cases. In this line, the cluster microgrids concept is a new application, which is very limitedly discussed in the literature. Thus, to identify the best load forecasting method in cluster microgrids, this article implements a variety of machine learning algorithms, including linear regression (quadratic), support vector machines, long short-term memory, and artificial neural networks (ANN) to forecast the load demand in the short term. The effectiveness of these methods is analyzed by computing various factors such as root mean square error, R-square, mean square error, mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and time of computation. From this, it is observed that the ANN provides effective forecasting results. In addition, three distinct optimization techniques are used to find the optimum ANN training algorithm: Levenberg–Marquardt, Bayesian Regularization, and Scaled Conjugate Gradient. The effectiveness of these optimization algorithms is verified in terms of training, test, validation, and error analysis. The proposed system simulation is carried out using the MATLAB/Simulink-2021a® software. From the results, it is found that the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization algorithm-based ANN model gives the best electrical load forecasting results.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Conference object
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Article . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sivakavi Naga Venkata Bramareswara Rao; Venkata Pavan Kumar Yellapragada; Kottala Padma; Darsy John Pradeep; +3 Authors

    The modern-day urban energy sector possesses the integrated operation of various microgrids located in a vicinity, named cluster microgrids, which helps to reduce the utility grid burden. However, these cluster microgrids require a precise electric load projection to manage the operations, as the integrated operation of multiple microgrids leads to dynamic load demand. Thus, load forecasting is a complicated operation that requires more than statistical methods. There are different machine learning methods available in the literature that are applied to single microgrid cases. In this line, the cluster microgrids concept is a new application, which is very limitedly discussed in the literature. Thus, to identify the best load forecasting method in cluster microgrids, this article implements a variety of machine learning algorithms, including linear regression (quadratic), support vector machines, long short-term memory, and artificial neural networks (ANN) to forecast the load demand in the short term. The effectiveness of these methods is analyzed by computing various factors such as root mean square error, R-square, mean square error, mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and time of computation. From this, it is observed that the ANN provides effective forecasting results. In addition, three distinct optimization techniques are used to find the optimum ANN training algorithm: Levenberg–Marquardt, Bayesian Regularization, and Scaled Conjugate Gradient. The effectiveness of these optimization algorithms is verified in terms of training, test, validation, and error analysis. The proposed system simulation is carried out using the MATLAB/Simulink-2021a® software. From the results, it is found that the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization algorithm-based ANN model gives the best electrical load forecasting results.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
    Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Conference object
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Article . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mohammad Amir; Anjani Kumar Prajapati; Shady S. Refaat; Shady S. Refaat;

    Today’s stochastic grid system is experiencing huge voltage fluctuations, which is responsible for power quality issues in the smart microgrid network due to its intermittent nature as well as penetration of hybrid renewable resources. Thus, the dynamic performance evaluation and their control are essential to sustaining the stability of the grid network. A d-q controller mechanism is suggested to maintain the balance of the distributed generation network and grid side network. A dynamic control mechanism of voltage source converter (VSC) is presented in the MPPT-based wind power generating station, where an induction generator generates the power by the optimal control of the wind energy-based subsystem. The distributed hybrid generation (solar PV and wind) subsystem’s output terminal is linked to the DC bus bar’s common link via the VSC. A VSI is utilized to convert the desired DC power to alternating current power. To regulate and improve the performance of the proposed hybrid power generating systems (HPGS), a supercapacitor (SC) is used to smooth out the ripple on the distribution side in the power grid. Furthermore, the dynamic stability of grid-connected solar PV and wind power generation systems is investigated. This article also proposed an effective control scheme for the SC in HPGS under the influence of weak grid conditions. This article aimed to validate the efficiency of the VSI topology; a PI controller stability enhancement approach is used in a proposed grid system under various disturbance conditions. Finally, the simulation results and FFT-based power quality response analysis are validated through the effective utilization of an SC.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Energy ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Frontiers in Energy Research
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Frontiers in Energy Research
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Energy ...arrow_drop_down
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      Frontiers in Energy Research
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Frontiers in Energy Research
      Article . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mohammad Amir; Anjani Kumar Prajapati; Shady S. Refaat; Shady S. Refaat;

    Today’s stochastic grid system is experiencing huge voltage fluctuations, which is responsible for power quality issues in the smart microgrid network due to its intermittent nature as well as penetration of hybrid renewable resources. Thus, the dynamic performance evaluation and their control are essential to sustaining the stability of the grid network. A d-q controller mechanism is suggested to maintain the balance of the distributed generation network and grid side network. A dynamic control mechanism of voltage source converter (VSC) is presented in the MPPT-based wind power generating station, where an induction generator generates the power by the optimal control of the wind energy-based subsystem. The distributed hybrid generation (solar PV and wind) subsystem’s output terminal is linked to the DC bus bar’s common link via the VSC. A VSI is utilized to convert the desired DC power to alternating current power. To regulate and improve the performance of the proposed hybrid power generating systems (HPGS), a supercapacitor (SC) is used to smooth out the ripple on the distribution side in the power grid. Furthermore, the dynamic stability of grid-connected solar PV and wind power generation systems is investigated. This article also proposed an effective control scheme for the SC in HPGS under the influence of weak grid conditions. This article aimed to validate the efficiency of the VSI topology; a PI controller stability enhancement approach is used in a proposed grid system under various disturbance conditions. Finally, the simulation results and FFT-based power quality response analysis are validated through the effective utilization of an SC.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Energy ...arrow_drop_down
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    Frontiers in Energy Research
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Frontiers in Energy Research
    Article . 2022
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    Authors: Ramesh Sundar; Mohammad Amir; Ranjith Subramanian; Prabakar Dakshinamoorthy; +3 Authors

    Ce travail vise à fournir une méthode de formation de faisceau hybride efficace avec un réseau à double profondeur pour surmonter les frais généraux pour les systèmes MIMO massifs à ondes millimétriques. Dans cet article, une technique de réseau à double profondeur est décrite pour l'extraction de structures statistiques à partir d'un modèle de formation de faisceau hybride basé sur des logiques mmWave, ainsi que sur une logique d'entraînement pour les fonctions de carte de réseau. L'approche proposée de DDN est formée avec des séquences de données appropriées utilisées pour la communication et la phase de formation est menée avec les normes de nombreuses variantes de canaux. Compte tenu de la nature des divers états du canal, un réseau à double profondeur est nécessaire pour manipuler le niveau de présence et les capacités même après l'entraînement. Les améliorations du niveau de performance sont pratiquement résumées à la fois dans les entités de transmission et de réception à l'aide de l'architecture de réseau hybride proposée et de l'algorithme Dual Deep Network associé. Plus précisément, le BER par rapport au SNR et l'efficacité spectrale par rapport au SNR sont évalués ainsi que les niveaux de précision résultants sont validés de manière croisée avec de nombreuses techniques de communication classiques. Cet article montre les difficultés de traitement de l'approche proposée et se valide généralement de manière croisée avec d'autres logiques de formation de faisceau. Les estimations des coûts et des performances de calcul sont améliorées, et les mesures sont clairement visualisées dans cet article sur la base de procédures de formation de faisceaux améliorées, ainsi que l'approche proposée des mesures de performance du livre de codes multirésolution basées sur DDN sont estimées clairement avec des études de modèles mathématiques appropriées. Avec 7Kbits/s/Hz et 1e-1, respectivement, les mesures clés de l'efficacité spectrale et du BER sont améliorées. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo proporcionar un método eficaz de formación de haces híbridos con Dual-Deep-Network para superar la sobrecarga de los sistemas mimo masivos de ondas milimétricas. En este trabajo se describe una técnica Dual-Deep-Network para la extracción de estructuras estadísticas a partir de un modelo de formación de haz híbrido basado en lógicas mmWave, así como lógica de entrenamiento para las funciones del mapa de red. El enfoque propuesto de DDN se entrena con secuencias de datos adecuadas utilizadas para la comunicación y la fase de entrenamiento se lleva a cabo con las normas de numerosas variantes de canal. Con la naturaleza de los diversos estados del canal, también se requiere una Red de Doble Profundidad para manipular el nivel de presencia y habilidades incluso después de la capacitación. Las mejoras en el nivel de rendimiento se resumen prácticamente tanto en las entidades de transmisión como de recepción con la ayuda de la arquitectura de red híbrida propuesta y el algoritmo Dual Deep Network asociado. Específicamente, se evalúan la BER frente a la SNR y la eficiencia espectral frente a la SNR, así como los niveles de precisión resultantes se validan de forma cruzada con numerosas técnicas de comunicación clásicas. Este documento muestra las dificultades de procesamiento del enfoque propuesto y, por lo general, se valida de forma cruzada con otras lógicas de formación de haces. Las estimaciones computacionales de costos y rendimiento se mejoran, y las métricas se visualizan claramente en este documento basadas en procedimientos mejorados de formación de haces, así como el enfoque propuesto de las métricas de rendimiento del Libro de códigos de resolución múltiple basadas en DDN se estiman claramente con las investigaciones adecuadas del modelo matemático. Con 7Kbits/s/Hz y 1e-1, respectivamente, se mejoran las métricas clave de eficiencia espectral y BER. This work aims to provide an effective hybrid beam forming method with Dual-Deep-Network to overcome overhead for mm-wave massive MIMO systems. In this paper, a Dual-Deep-Network technique is described for the extraction of statistical structures from a hybrid beam forming model based on mmWave logics, as well as training logic for the network map functions. The proposed approach of DDN is trained with proper data sequences used for communication and the training phase is conducted with the norms of numerous channel variants. With the nature of diverse channel states, a Dual-Deep-Network is required to manipulate the level of presence and abilities even after training as well. The performance level improvements are practically summarized in both the transmission and reception entities with the help of the proposed hybrid network architecture and the associated Dual Deep Network algorithm. Specifically, the BER versus SNR and spectral efficiency versus SNR are evaluated as well as the resulting accuracy levels are cross validated with numerous classical communication techniques. This paper shows the processing difficulties of the proposed approach and typically cross-validates with other beam forming logics. The computational cost and performance estimations are improved, and the metrics are clearly visualized on this paper based on improved beamforming procedures as well as the proposed approach of DDN based Multi-Resolution Code Book performance metrics are estimated clearly with proper mathematical model investigations. With 7Kbits/s/Hz and 1e-1, respectively, the key metrics of spectral efficiency and BER are enhanced. يهدف هذا العمل إلى توفير طريقة فعالة لتشكيل الحزمة الهجينة مع شبكة ثنائية العمق للتغلب على النفقات العامة لأنظمة MIMO الضخمة ذات الموجة الملليمترية. في هذه الورقة، تم وصف تقنية الشبكة المزدوجة العميقة لاستخراج الهياكل الإحصائية من نموذج تشكيل الحزمة الهجينة بناءً على منطق mmWave، بالإضافة إلى منطق التدريب لوظائف خريطة الشبكة. يتم تدريب النهج المقترح لـ DDN بتسلسلات البيانات المناسبة المستخدمة للاتصال ويتم إجراء مرحلة التدريب مع معايير العديد من متغيرات القناة. نظرًا لطبيعة حالات القنوات المتنوعة، يلزم وجود شبكة ثنائية العمق للتلاعب بمستوى التواجد والقدرات حتى بعد التدريب أيضًا. يتم تلخيص تحسينات مستوى الأداء عمليًا في كل من كيانات الإرسال والاستقبال بمساعدة بنية الشبكة الهجينة المقترحة وخوارزمية الشبكة العميقة المزدوجة المرتبطة بها. على وجه التحديد، يتم تقييم BER مقابل SNR والكفاءة الطيفية مقابل SNR وكذلك يتم التحقق من صحة مستويات الدقة الناتجة من خلال العديد من تقنيات الاتصال الكلاسيكية. توضح هذه الورقة صعوبات المعالجة للنهج المقترح وعادة ما يتم التحقق من صحتها مع منطق تشكيل الحزمة الأخرى. يتم تحسين التكلفة الحسابية وتقديرات الأداء، ويتم تصور المقاييس بوضوح في هذه الورقة بناءً على إجراءات تشكيل الحزم المحسنة بالإضافة إلى النهج المقترح لمقاييس أداء دفتر الرموز متعددة الحلول القائمة على DDN والتي يتم تقديرها بوضوح من خلال تحقيقات النموذج الرياضي المناسبة. مع 7 كيلوبت/ثانية/هرتز و1 e -1 على التوالي، يتم تحسين المقاييس الرئيسية للكفاءة الطيفية وBER.

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    Authors: Ramesh Sundar; Mohammad Amir; Ranjith Subramanian; Prabakar Dakshinamoorthy; +3 Authors

    Ce travail vise à fournir une méthode de formation de faisceau hybride efficace avec un réseau à double profondeur pour surmonter les frais généraux pour les systèmes MIMO massifs à ondes millimétriques. Dans cet article, une technique de réseau à double profondeur est décrite pour l'extraction de structures statistiques à partir d'un modèle de formation de faisceau hybride basé sur des logiques mmWave, ainsi que sur une logique d'entraînement pour les fonctions de carte de réseau. L'approche proposée de DDN est formée avec des séquences de données appropriées utilisées pour la communication et la phase de formation est menée avec les normes de nombreuses variantes de canaux. Compte tenu de la nature des divers états du canal, un réseau à double profondeur est nécessaire pour manipuler le niveau de présence et les capacités même après l'entraînement. Les améliorations du niveau de performance sont pratiquement résumées à la fois dans les entités de transmission et de réception à l'aide de l'architecture de réseau hybride proposée et de l'algorithme Dual Deep Network associé. Plus précisément, le BER par rapport au SNR et l'efficacité spectrale par rapport au SNR sont évalués ainsi que les niveaux de précision résultants sont validés de manière croisée avec de nombreuses techniques de communication classiques. Cet article montre les difficultés de traitement de l'approche proposée et se valide généralement de manière croisée avec d'autres logiques de formation de faisceau. Les estimations des coûts et des performances de calcul sont améliorées, et les mesures sont clairement visualisées dans cet article sur la base de procédures de formation de faisceaux améliorées, ainsi que l'approche proposée des mesures de performance du livre de codes multirésolution basées sur DDN sont estimées clairement avec des études de modèles mathématiques appropriées. Avec 7Kbits/s/Hz et 1e-1, respectivement, les mesures clés de l'efficacité spectrale et du BER sont améliorées. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo proporcionar un método eficaz de formación de haces híbridos con Dual-Deep-Network para superar la sobrecarga de los sistemas mimo masivos de ondas milimétricas. En este trabajo se describe una técnica Dual-Deep-Network para la extracción de estructuras estadísticas a partir de un modelo de formación de haz híbrido basado en lógicas mmWave, así como lógica de entrenamiento para las funciones del mapa de red. El enfoque propuesto de DDN se entrena con secuencias de datos adecuadas utilizadas para la comunicación y la fase de entrenamiento se lleva a cabo con las normas de numerosas variantes de canal. Con la naturaleza de los diversos estados del canal, también se requiere una Red de Doble Profundidad para manipular el nivel de presencia y habilidades incluso después de la capacitación. Las mejoras en el nivel de rendimiento se resumen prácticamente tanto en las entidades de transmisión como de recepción con la ayuda de la arquitectura de red híbrida propuesta y el algoritmo Dual Deep Network asociado. Específicamente, se evalúan la BER frente a la SNR y la eficiencia espectral frente a la SNR, así como los niveles de precisión resultantes se validan de forma cruzada con numerosas técnicas de comunicación clásicas. Este documento muestra las dificultades de procesamiento del enfoque propuesto y, por lo general, se valida de forma cruzada con otras lógicas de formación de haces. Las estimaciones computacionales de costos y rendimiento se mejoran, y las métricas se visualizan claramente en este documento basadas en procedimientos mejorados de formación de haces, así como el enfoque propuesto de las métricas de rendimiento del Libro de códigos de resolución múltiple basadas en DDN se estiman claramente con las investigaciones adecuadas del modelo matemático. Con 7Kbits/s/Hz y 1e-1, respectivamente, se mejoran las métricas clave de eficiencia espectral y BER. This work aims to provide an effective hybrid beam forming method with Dual-Deep-Network to overcome overhead for mm-wave massive MIMO systems. In this paper, a Dual-Deep-Network technique is described for the extraction of statistical structures from a hybrid beam forming model based on mmWave logics, as well as training logic for the network map functions. The proposed approach of DDN is trained with proper data sequences used for communication and the training phase is conducted with the norms of numerous channel variants. With the nature of diverse channel states, a Dual-Deep-Network is required to manipulate the level of presence and abilities even after training as well. The performance level improvements are practically summarized in both the transmission and reception entities with the help of the proposed hybrid network architecture and the associated Dual Deep Network algorithm. Specifically, the BER versus SNR and spectral efficiency versus SNR are evaluated as well as the resulting accuracy levels are cross validated with numerous classical communication techniques. This paper shows the processing difficulties of the proposed approach and typically cross-validates with other beam forming logics. The computational cost and performance estimations are improved, and the metrics are clearly visualized on this paper based on improved beamforming procedures as well as the proposed approach of DDN based Multi-Resolution Code Book performance metrics are estimated clearly with proper mathematical model investigations. With 7Kbits/s/Hz and 1e-1, respectively, the key metrics of spectral efficiency and BER are enhanced. يهدف هذا العمل إلى توفير طريقة فعالة لتشكيل الحزمة الهجينة مع شبكة ثنائية العمق للتغلب على النفقات العامة لأنظمة MIMO الضخمة ذات الموجة الملليمترية. في هذه الورقة، تم وصف تقنية الشبكة المزدوجة العميقة لاستخراج الهياكل الإحصائية من نموذج تشكيل الحزمة الهجينة بناءً على منطق mmWave، بالإضافة إلى منطق التدريب لوظائف خريطة الشبكة. يتم تدريب النهج المقترح لـ DDN بتسلسلات البيانات المناسبة المستخدمة للاتصال ويتم إجراء مرحلة التدريب مع معايير العديد من متغيرات القناة. نظرًا لطبيعة حالات القنوات المتنوعة، يلزم وجود شبكة ثنائية العمق للتلاعب بمستوى التواجد والقدرات حتى بعد التدريب أيضًا. يتم تلخيص تحسينات مستوى الأداء عمليًا في كل من كيانات الإرسال والاستقبال بمساعدة بنية الشبكة الهجينة المقترحة وخوارزمية الشبكة العميقة المزدوجة المرتبطة بها. على وجه التحديد، يتم تقييم BER مقابل SNR والكفاءة الطيفية مقابل SNR وكذلك يتم التحقق من صحة مستويات الدقة الناتجة من خلال العديد من تقنيات الاتصال الكلاسيكية. توضح هذه الورقة صعوبات المعالجة للنهج المقترح وعادة ما يتم التحقق من صحتها مع منطق تشكيل الحزمة الأخرى. يتم تحسين التكلفة الحسابية وتقديرات الأداء، ويتم تصور المقاييس بوضوح في هذه الورقة بناءً على إجراءات تشكيل الحزم المحسنة بالإضافة إلى النهج المقترح لمقاييس أداء دفتر الرموز متعددة الحلول القائمة على DDN والتي يتم تقديرها بوضوح من خلال تحقيقات النموذج الرياضي المناسبة. مع 7 كيلوبت/ثانية/هرتز و1 e -1 على التوالي، يتم تحسين المقاييس الرئيسية للكفاءة الطيفية وBER.

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    Authors: Sivakavi Naga Venkata Bramareswara Rao; Yellapragada Venkata Pavan Kumar; Mohammad Amir; S. M. Muyeen;

    AbstractMicrogrid control and operation depend on fault detection and classification because it allows quick fault separation and recovery. Due to their reliance on sizable fault currents, classic fault detection techniques are no longer suitable for microgrids that employ inverter-interfaced distributed generation. Nowadays, deep learning algorithms are essential for ensuring the reliable, safe, and efficient operation of these complex energy systems. They enable quick responses to faults, reduce downtime, enhance energy efficiency, and contribute to the overall sustainability and resilience of microgrids. With this intent, this work proposes a “Discrete Wavelet Transform with Deep Neural Network (DWT-DNN)” for detecting and classifying the various faults that occurred in hybrid energy-based multi-area grid-connected microgrid clusters. The proposed DWT-DNN first extracts the input features from the point of common coupling of the cluster system using DWT, and then, these decomposed features are applied as input variables to train the DNN for the detection and classification of various faults. All the investigations are performed in the “MATLAB/Simulink 2022a” environment. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed DWT-DNN, the results are compared with wavelet packet transforms (WPT) in terms of accuracy in detecting and classifying the faults. From the simulation findings and observations, it is evident that the proposed DNN produced fruitful results.

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    Electrical Engineering
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    Authors: Sivakavi Naga Venkata Bramareswara Rao; Yellapragada Venkata Pavan Kumar; Mohammad Amir; S. M. Muyeen;

    AbstractMicrogrid control and operation depend on fault detection and classification because it allows quick fault separation and recovery. Due to their reliance on sizable fault currents, classic fault detection techniques are no longer suitable for microgrids that employ inverter-interfaced distributed generation. Nowadays, deep learning algorithms are essential for ensuring the reliable, safe, and efficient operation of these complex energy systems. They enable quick responses to faults, reduce downtime, enhance energy efficiency, and contribute to the overall sustainability and resilience of microgrids. With this intent, this work proposes a “Discrete Wavelet Transform with Deep Neural Network (DWT-DNN)” for detecting and classifying the various faults that occurred in hybrid energy-based multi-area grid-connected microgrid clusters. The proposed DWT-DNN first extracts the input features from the point of common coupling of the cluster system using DWT, and then, these decomposed features are applied as input variables to train the DNN for the detection and classification of various faults. All the investigations are performed in the “MATLAB/Simulink 2022a” environment. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed DWT-DNN, the results are compared with wavelet packet transforms (WPT) in terms of accuracy in detecting and classifying the faults. From the simulation findings and observations, it is evident that the proposed DNN produced fruitful results.

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    Electrical Engineering
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    Authors: Suwaiba Mateen; Mohmmad Amir; Ahteshamul Haque; Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh;
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    Authors: Abhinav Saxena; Rajat Kumar; Mohammad Amir; S.M. Muyeen;

    This paper shows a comprehensive review on various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques of the solar photovoltaic (PV) cell. It is well understood that power from a solar PV array is sometimes not sufficient, so it is required to extract the maximum power to meet the load demand. In this regard, different techniques were used for comparative analysis like perturb and observe (P & O), fuzzy logic control (FLC), incremental conductance (IC), ripple correction control (RCC), artificial neural network (ANN), particle swarm optimization (PSO), lyapunov control scheme (LCS), and fisher discrimination dictionary learning (FDDL). The performance of MPPT is also examined under the conditions like effect of shading, irradiance, etc. After reviewing the literature, it has been observed that maximum power at different sets of irradiations is extracted with ANN in comparison to other techniques. Subsequently, the least deviations about maximum power point are attained with IC while comparing with other techniques and FDDL has been found the best technique for attaining the minimum total harmonic distortion (THD). In addition to this, it is also detected that the least switching losses are attained with PSO in comparison to others. To this end, it has been concluded that each method has its significance for the extraction of maximum power from the source and dominance over other methods for smart energy systems. The researchers may find this critical review to be a valuable resource in choosing an appropriate soft computing method for the given parameters.

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    Authors: Abhinav Saxena; Rajat Kumar; Mohammad Amir; S.M. Muyeen;

    This paper shows a comprehensive review on various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques of the solar photovoltaic (PV) cell. It is well understood that power from a solar PV array is sometimes not sufficient, so it is required to extract the maximum power to meet the load demand. In this regard, different techniques were used for comparative analysis like perturb and observe (P & O), fuzzy logic control (FLC), incremental conductance (IC), ripple correction control (RCC), artificial neural network (ANN), particle swarm optimization (PSO), lyapunov control scheme (LCS), and fisher discrimination dictionary learning (FDDL). The performance of MPPT is also examined under the conditions like effect of shading, irradiance, etc. After reviewing the literature, it has been observed that maximum power at different sets of irradiations is extracted with ANN in comparison to other techniques. Subsequently, the least deviations about maximum power point are attained with IC while comparing with other techniques and FDDL has been found the best technique for attaining the minimum total harmonic distortion (THD). In addition to this, it is also detected that the least switching losses are attained with PSO in comparison to others. To this end, it has been concluded that each method has its significance for the extraction of maximum power from the source and dominance over other methods for smart energy systems. The researchers may find this critical review to be a valuable resource in choosing an appropriate soft computing method for the given parameters.

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      License: CC BY
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      Heliyon
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    Authors: Mohammad Amir; Radhika G. Deshmukh; S. M. Muyeen; Zafar Said; +6 Authors

    La tecnología de almacenamiento de energía es uno de los principales componentes de la integración de las energías renovables y la descarbonización de los sistemas energéticos mundiales. Se beneficia significativamente al abordar los servicios de energía auxiliares, la estabilidad de la calidad de la energía y la confiabilidad del suministro de energía. Sin embargo, los últimos años de la pandemia de COVID-19 han dado lugar a la crisis energética en diversos sectores industriales y tecnológicos. Para resolver estos desafíos, se realiza una encuesta integrada sobre el desarrollo de la tecnología de almacenamiento de energía, su clasificación, rendimiento y gestión segura. El desarrollo de la tecnología de almacenamiento de energía se ha clasificado en métodos electromecánicos, mecánicos, electromagnéticos, termodinámicos, químicos e híbridos. El estudio actual identifica tecnologías potenciales, marco operativo, análisis de comparación y características prácticas. Este estudio propuesto también proporciona información útil y práctica a los lectores, ingenieros y profesionales sobre los efectos económicos globales, los efectos ambientales globales, la resiliencia de la organización, los desafíos clave y las proyecciones de las tecnologías de almacenamiento de energía. También se propone un modelo de programación óptimo. A continuación, se describen las políticas de adaptación sostenible. Se ha recopilado una extensa lista de publicaciones hasta la fecha en la literatura abierta para retratar diversos desarrollos en esta área. La technologie de stockage de l'énergie est l'un des principaux composants de l'intégration des énergies renouvelables et de la décarbonisation des systèmes énergétiques mondiaux. Il bénéficie considérablement des services d'alimentation auxiliaires, de la stabilité de la qualité de l'énergie et de la fiabilité de l'alimentation électrique. Cependant, les dernières années de la pandémie de COVID-19 ont donné lieu à la crise énergétique dans divers secteurs industriels et technologiques. Une enquête intégrée sur le développement de la technologie de stockage d'énergie, sa classification, ses performances et sa gestion sûre est réalisée pour résoudre ces problèmes. Le développement de la technologie de stockage d'énergie a été classé en méthodes électromécaniques, mécaniques, électromagnétiques, thermodynamiques, chimiques et hybrides. La présente étude identifie les technologies potentielles, le cadre opérationnel, l'analyse comparative et les caractéristiques pratiques. Cette étude proposée fournit également des informations utiles et pratiques aux lecteurs, ingénieurs et praticiens sur les effets économiques mondiaux, les effets environnementaux mondiaux, la résilience des organisations, les principaux défis et les projections des technologies de stockage d'énergie. Un modèle d'ordonnancement optimal est également proposé. Les politiques d'adaptation durable sont ensuite décrites. Une longue liste de publications à ce jour dans la littérature ouverte est sollicitée pour décrire divers développements dans ce domaine. Energy Storage Technology is one of the major components of renewable energy integration and decarbonization of world energy systems. It significantly benefits addressing ancillary power services, power quality stability, and power supply reliability. However, the recent years of the COVID-19 pandemic have given rise to the energy crisis in various industrial and technology sectors. An integrated survey of energy storage technology development, its classification, performance, and safe management is made to resolve these challenges. The development of energy storage technology has been classified into electromechanical, mechanical, electromagnetic, thermodynamics, chemical, and hybrid methods. The current study identifies potential technologies, operational framework, comparison analysis, and practical characteristics. This proposed study also provides useful and practical information to readers, engineers, and practitioners on the global economic effects, global environmental effects, organization resilience, key challenges, and projections of energy storage technologies. An optimal scheduling model is also proposed. Policies for sustainable adaptation are then described. An extensive list of publications to date in the open literature is canvassed to portray various developments in this area. تعد تقنية تخزين الطاقة أحد المكونات الرئيسية لتكامل الطاقة المتجددة وإزالة الكربون من أنظمة الطاقة العالمية. وهو يفيد بشكل كبير في معالجة خدمات الطاقة الإضافية، واستقرار جودة الطاقة، وموثوقية إمدادات الطاقة. ومع ذلك، أدت السنوات الأخيرة من جائحة كوفيد-19 إلى أزمة الطاقة في مختلف القطاعات الصناعية والتكنولوجية. يتم إجراء مسح متكامل لتطوير تكنولوجيا تخزين الطاقة وتصنيفها وأدائها وإدارتها الآمنة لحل هذه التحديات. تم تصنيف تطوير تكنولوجيا تخزين الطاقة إلى طرق كهروميكانيكية وميكانيكية وكهرومغناطيسية وديناميكية حرارية وكيميائية وهجينة. تحدد الدراسة الحالية التقنيات المحتملة والإطار التشغيلي وتحليل المقارنة والخصائص العملية. توفر هذه الدراسة المقترحة أيضًا معلومات مفيدة وعملية للقراء والمهندسين والممارسين حول الآثار الاقتصادية العالمية والآثار البيئية العالمية ومرونة المنظمة والتحديات الرئيسية وتوقعات تقنيات تخزين الطاقة. كما يُقترح نموذج جدولة أمثل. ثم يتم وصف سياسات التكيف المستدام. يتم فحص قائمة واسعة من المنشورات حتى الآن في الأدبيات المفتوحة لتصوير التطورات المختلفة في هذا المجال.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Qatar University: QU...arrow_drop_down
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    Journal of Energy Storage
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Journal of Energy Storage
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/ep...
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    Authors: Mohammad Amir; Radhika G. Deshmukh; S. M. Muyeen; Zafar Said; +6 Authors

    La tecnología de almacenamiento de energía es uno de los principales componentes de la integración de las energías renovables y la descarbonización de los sistemas energéticos mundiales. Se beneficia significativamente al abordar los servicios de energía auxiliares, la estabilidad de la calidad de la energía y la confiabilidad del suministro de energía. Sin embargo, los últimos años de la pandemia de COVID-19 han dado lugar a la crisis energética en diversos sectores industriales y tecnológicos. Para resolver estos desafíos, se realiza una encuesta integrada sobre el desarrollo de la tecnología de almacenamiento de energía, su clasificación, rendimiento y gestión segura. El desarrollo de la tecnología de almacenamiento de energía se ha clasificado en métodos electromecánicos, mecánicos, electromagnéticos, termodinámicos, químicos e híbridos. El estudio actual identifica tecnologías potenciales, marco operativo, análisis de comparación y características prácticas. Este estudio propuesto también proporciona información útil y práctica a los lectores, ingenieros y profesionales sobre los efectos económicos globales, los efectos ambientales globales, la resiliencia de la organización, los desafíos clave y las proyecciones de las tecnologías de almacenamiento de energía. También se propone un modelo de programación óptimo. A continuación, se describen las políticas de adaptación sostenible. Se ha recopilado una extensa lista de publicaciones hasta la fecha en la literatura abierta para retratar diversos desarrollos en esta área. La technologie de stockage de l'énergie est l'un des principaux composants de l'intégration des énergies renouvelables et de la décarbonisation des systèmes énergétiques mondiaux. Il bénéficie considérablement des services d'alimentation auxiliaires, de la stabilité de la qualité de l'énergie et de la fiabilité de l'alimentation électrique. Cependant, les dernières années de la pandémie de COVID-19 ont donné lieu à la crise énergétique dans divers secteurs industriels et technologiques. Une enquête intégrée sur le développement de la technologie de stockage d'énergie, sa classification, ses performances et sa gestion sûre est réalisée pour résoudre ces problèmes. Le développement de la technologie de stockage d'énergie a été classé en méthodes électromécaniques, mécaniques, électromagnétiques, thermodynamiques, chimiques et hybrides. La présente étude identifie les technologies potentielles, le cadre opérationnel, l'analyse comparative et les caractéristiques pratiques. Cette étude proposée fournit également des informations utiles et pratiques aux lecteurs, ingénieurs et praticiens sur les effets économiques mondiaux, les effets environnementaux mondiaux, la résilience des organisations, les principaux défis et les projections des technologies de stockage d'énergie. Un modèle d'ordonnancement optimal est également proposé. Les politiques d'adaptation durable sont ensuite décrites. Une longue liste de publications à ce jour dans la littérature ouverte est sollicitée pour décrire divers développements dans ce domaine. Energy Storage Technology is one of the major components of renewable energy integration and decarbonization of world energy systems. It significantly benefits addressing ancillary power services, power quality stability, and power supply reliability. However, the recent years of the COVID-19 pandemic have given rise to the energy crisis in various industrial and technology sectors. An integrated survey of energy storage technology development, its classification, performance, and safe management is made to resolve these challenges. The development of energy storage technology has been classified into electromechanical, mechanical, electromagnetic, thermodynamics, chemical, and hybrid methods. The current study identifies potential technologies, operational framework, comparison analysis, and practical characteristics. This proposed study also provides useful and practical information to readers, engineers, and practitioners on the global economic effects, global environmental effects, organization resilience, key challenges, and projections of energy storage technologies. An optimal scheduling model is also proposed. Policies for sustainable adaptation are then described. An extensive list of publications to date in the open literature is canvassed to portray various developments in this area. تعد تقنية تخزين الطاقة أحد المكونات الرئيسية لتكامل الطاقة المتجددة وإزالة الكربون من أنظمة الطاقة العالمية. وهو يفيد بشكل كبير في معالجة خدمات الطاقة الإضافية، واستقرار جودة الطاقة، وموثوقية إمدادات الطاقة. ومع ذلك، أدت السنوات الأخيرة من جائحة كوفيد-19 إلى أزمة الطاقة في مختلف القطاعات الصناعية والتكنولوجية. يتم إجراء مسح متكامل لتطوير تكنولوجيا تخزين الطاقة وتصنيفها وأدائها وإدارتها الآمنة لحل هذه التحديات. تم تصنيف تطوير تكنولوجيا تخزين الطاقة إلى طرق كهروميكانيكية وميكانيكية وكهرومغناطيسية وديناميكية حرارية وكيميائية وهجينة. تحدد الدراسة الحالية التقنيات المحتملة والإطار التشغيلي وتحليل المقارنة والخصائص العملية. توفر هذه الدراسة المقترحة أيضًا معلومات مفيدة وعملية للقراء والمهندسين والممارسين حول الآثار الاقتصادية العالمية والآثار البيئية العالمية ومرونة المنظمة والتحديات الرئيسية وتوقعات تقنيات تخزين الطاقة. كما يُقترح نموذج جدولة أمثل. ثم يتم وصف سياسات التكيف المستدام. يتم فحص قائمة واسعة من المنشورات حتى الآن في الأدبيات المفتوحة لتصوير التطورات المختلفة في هذا المجال.

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    Journal of Energy Storage
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      Journal of Energy Storage
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/ep...
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    Authors: Rachit Srivastava; Mohammad Amir; Furkan Ahmad; Sushil Kumar Agrawal; +2 Authors

    Besides being limited in quantity, conventional energy sources also emit toxic gases. The Photovoltaic (PV) Solar System is one of the most energizing green energy sources. Around the globe, solar panels are being installed on barren land as well as on the roofs of buildings to generate electricity. An education institute in northern India recently took a step in this direction by installing a grid-tied 100 kWp solar power plant. The installed PV panels are tilted at an angle of 30° and mounted on the roof of the building. The actual PV plant system’s performance differs from the performance under laboratory conditions. Hence, performance evaluation of real outdoor plants becomes essential, especially when the plant is commissioned in different situations, such as roof-mounted systems. Many softwares can estimate the plant’s performance evaluation, but their reliability is not yet proven. This paper examines the performance evaluation of grid-tied PV plants between January 2019 and December 2019 in accordance with the IEC 61724 standard. Moreover, the results of the actual plant have also been compared with the results from the PV*Syst software that simulates the real-time behavior of the plant. Further, in order to evaluate the power plant’s performance, this paper analyzes the various parameters of the PV plant, including reference yield, final yield, and performance ratio of the PV plant. An evaluation of the module’s performance indicates that it has produced 101.57 MWh of energy over 1 year, with a performance ratio of 0.60. It is evident from the comparative analysis that rooftop solar panels are an economically viable and technologically feasible means of providing electricity in the northern parts of India. By taking such measures, the institutes or offices can protect the environment and save money by becoming microgrids. The proposed project provides a roadmap for installing rooftop photovoltaic plants in populated cities without occupying additional land.

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    Frontiers in Energy Research
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Frontiers in Energy Research
    Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Energy ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Frontiers in Energy Research
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Frontiers in Energy Research
      Article . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rachit Srivastava; Mohammad Amir; Furkan Ahmad; Sushil Kumar Agrawal; +2 Authors

    Besides being limited in quantity, conventional energy sources also emit toxic gases. The Photovoltaic (PV) Solar System is one of the most energizing green energy sources. Around the globe, solar panels are being installed on barren land as well as on the roofs of buildings to generate electricity. An education institute in northern India recently took a step in this direction by installing a grid-tied 100 kWp solar power plant. The installed PV panels are tilted at an angle of 30° and mounted on the roof of the building. The actual PV plant system’s performance differs from the performance under laboratory conditions. Hence, performance evaluation of real outdoor plants becomes essential, especially when the plant is commissioned in different situations, such as roof-mounted systems. Many softwares can estimate the plant’s performance evaluation, but their reliability is not yet proven. This paper examines the performance evaluation of grid-tied PV plants between January 2019 and December 2019 in accordance with the IEC 61724 standard. Moreover, the results of the actual plant have also been compared with the results from the PV*Syst software that simulates the real-time behavior of the plant. Further, in order to evaluate the power plant’s performance, this paper analyzes the various parameters of the PV plant, including reference yield, final yield, and performance ratio of the PV plant. An evaluation of the module’s performance indicates that it has produced 101.57 MWh of energy over 1 year, with a performance ratio of 0.60. It is evident from the comparative analysis that rooftop solar panels are an economically viable and technologically feasible means of providing electricity in the northern parts of India. By taking such measures, the institutes or offices can protect the environment and save money by becoming microgrids. The proposed project provides a roadmap for installing rooftop photovoltaic plants in populated cities without occupying additional land.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Energy ...arrow_drop_down
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    Frontiers in Energy Research
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Frontiers in Energy Research
    Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Energy ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Frontiers in Energy Research
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Frontiers in Energy Research
      Article . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mohammad Amir; Izhar Ahmad Saifi; Mohammad Waseem; Mohd Tariq;

    The compensation circuit plays a crucial role in the framework of Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT) in wireless Electric Vehicle (EV) charging schemes. Various wireless charging factors such as power transfer capacity, efficiency, and frequency depend on the design of compensation circuit topology. In CPT, power is transferred between the two capacitor plates (one transmitter plate embedded on the track and the other plate which is inserted in the wireless EV chassis operates as a receiver). The transmitter plate is excited by a high frequency source and power is transferred between the plates through an electric field. This review paper introduced an experimental prototype of the Corbin Sparrow (CS), featuring an onboard battery charger and an off-board DC charging port. Additionally, it presented a novel conformal bumper-based approach, highlighting its distinct advantages compared to alternative charging methods. The major challenges to employing capacitive technology in transferring power up to kW level are-the greater air gap between the capacitor of vehicle chassis & ground and the high value of electric field strength in the contour of plates. Also, due to the low value of coupling capacitance, there is the requirement for suitable gain and compensated network which is a major area of concern. This review paper proposed various designs of compensation circuit topologies to achieve the effectiveness of the CPT scheme for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Green Energy and Int...arrow_drop_down
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    Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation
    Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation
      Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mohammad Amir; Izhar Ahmad Saifi; Mohammad Waseem; Mohd Tariq;

    The compensation circuit plays a crucial role in the framework of Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT) in wireless Electric Vehicle (EV) charging schemes. Various wireless charging factors such as power transfer capacity, efficiency, and frequency depend on the design of compensation circuit topology. In CPT, power is transferred between the two capacitor plates (one transmitter plate embedded on the track and the other plate which is inserted in the wireless EV chassis operates as a receiver). The transmitter plate is excited by a high frequency source and power is transferred between the plates through an electric field. This review paper introduced an experimental prototype of the Corbin Sparrow (CS), featuring an onboard battery charger and an off-board DC charging port. Additionally, it presented a novel conformal bumper-based approach, highlighting its distinct advantages compared to alternative charging methods. The major challenges to employing capacitive technology in transferring power up to kW level are-the greater air gap between the capacitor of vehicle chassis & ground and the high value of electric field strength in the contour of plates. Also, due to the low value of coupling capacitance, there is the requirement for suitable gain and compensated network which is a major area of concern. This review paper proposed various designs of compensation circuit topologies to achieve the effectiveness of the CPT scheme for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Green Energy and Int...arrow_drop_down
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    Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation
    Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation
      Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
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19 Research products
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Neha Khan; Chia Ai Ooi; Abdulrahman Alturki; Mohammad Amir; +2 Authors
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Reportsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energy Reports
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Reportsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energy Reports
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Neha Khan; Chia Ai Ooi; Abdulrahman Alturki; Mohammad Amir; +2 Authors
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Reportsarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energy Reports
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Reportsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energy Reports
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sivakavi Naga Venkata Bramareswara Rao; Venkata Pavan Kumar Yellapragada; Kottala Padma; Darsy John Pradeep; +3 Authors

    The modern-day urban energy sector possesses the integrated operation of various microgrids located in a vicinity, named cluster microgrids, which helps to reduce the utility grid burden. However, these cluster microgrids require a precise electric load projection to manage the operations, as the integrated operation of multiple microgrids leads to dynamic load demand. Thus, load forecasting is a complicated operation that requires more than statistical methods. There are different machine learning methods available in the literature that are applied to single microgrid cases. In this line, the cluster microgrids concept is a new application, which is very limitedly discussed in the literature. Thus, to identify the best load forecasting method in cluster microgrids, this article implements a variety of machine learning algorithms, including linear regression (quadratic), support vector machines, long short-term memory, and artificial neural networks (ANN) to forecast the load demand in the short term. The effectiveness of these methods is analyzed by computing various factors such as root mean square error, R-square, mean square error, mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and time of computation. From this, it is observed that the ANN provides effective forecasting results. In addition, three distinct optimization techniques are used to find the optimum ANN training algorithm: Levenberg–Marquardt, Bayesian Regularization, and Scaled Conjugate Gradient. The effectiveness of these optimization algorithms is verified in terms of training, test, validation, and error analysis. The proposed system simulation is carried out using the MATLAB/Simulink-2021a® software. From the results, it is found that the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization algorithm-based ANN model gives the best electrical load forecasting results.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Energies
    Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energiesarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Energies
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Sivakavi Naga Venkata Bramareswara Rao; Venkata Pavan Kumar Yellapragada; Kottala Padma; Darsy John Pradeep; +3 Authors

    The modern-day urban energy sector possesses the integrated operation of various microgrids located in a vicinity, named cluster microgrids, which helps to reduce the utility grid burden. However, these cluster microgrids require a precise electric load projection to manage the operations, as the integrated operation of multiple microgrids leads to dynamic load demand. Thus, load forecasting is a complicated operation that requires more than statistical methods. There are different machine learning methods available in the literature that are applied to single microgrid cases. In this line, the cluster microgrids concept is a new application, which is very limitedly discussed in the literature. Thus, to identify the best load forecasting method in cluster microgrids, this article implements a variety of machine learning algorithms, including linear regression (quadratic), support vector machines, long short-term memory, and artificial neural networks (ANN) to forecast the load demand in the short term. The effectiveness of these methods is analyzed by computing various factors such as root mean square error, R-square, mean square error, mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and time of computation. From this, it is observed that the ANN provides effective forecasting results. In addition, three distinct optimization techniques are used to find the optimum ANN training algorithm: Levenberg–Marquardt, Bayesian Regularization, and Scaled Conjugate Gradient. The effectiveness of these optimization algorithms is verified in terms of training, test, validation, and error analysis. The proposed system simulation is carried out using the MATLAB/Simulink-2021a® software. From the results, it is found that the Levenberg–Marquardt optimization algorithm-based ANN model gives the best electrical load forecasting results.

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    Energies
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      Energies
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    Authors: Mohammad Amir; Anjani Kumar Prajapati; Shady S. Refaat; Shady S. Refaat;

    Today’s stochastic grid system is experiencing huge voltage fluctuations, which is responsible for power quality issues in the smart microgrid network due to its intermittent nature as well as penetration of hybrid renewable resources. Thus, the dynamic performance evaluation and their control are essential to sustaining the stability of the grid network. A d-q controller mechanism is suggested to maintain the balance of the distributed generation network and grid side network. A dynamic control mechanism of voltage source converter (VSC) is presented in the MPPT-based wind power generating station, where an induction generator generates the power by the optimal control of the wind energy-based subsystem. The distributed hybrid generation (solar PV and wind) subsystem’s output terminal is linked to the DC bus bar’s common link via the VSC. A VSI is utilized to convert the desired DC power to alternating current power. To regulate and improve the performance of the proposed hybrid power generating systems (HPGS), a supercapacitor (SC) is used to smooth out the ripple on the distribution side in the power grid. Furthermore, the dynamic stability of grid-connected solar PV and wind power generation systems is investigated. This article also proposed an effective control scheme for the SC in HPGS under the influence of weak grid conditions. This article aimed to validate the efficiency of the VSI topology; a PI controller stability enhancement approach is used in a proposed grid system under various disturbance conditions. Finally, the simulation results and FFT-based power quality response analysis are validated through the effective utilization of an SC.

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    Frontiers in Energy Research
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      Frontiers in Energy Research
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    Authors: Mohammad Amir; Anjani Kumar Prajapati; Shady S. Refaat; Shady S. Refaat;

    Today’s stochastic grid system is experiencing huge voltage fluctuations, which is responsible for power quality issues in the smart microgrid network due to its intermittent nature as well as penetration of hybrid renewable resources. Thus, the dynamic performance evaluation and their control are essential to sustaining the stability of the grid network. A d-q controller mechanism is suggested to maintain the balance of the distributed generation network and grid side network. A dynamic control mechanism of voltage source converter (VSC) is presented in the MPPT-based wind power generating station, where an induction generator generates the power by the optimal control of the wind energy-based subsystem. The distributed hybrid generation (solar PV and wind) subsystem’s output terminal is linked to the DC bus bar’s common link via the VSC. A VSI is utilized to convert the desired DC power to alternating current power. To regulate and improve the performance of the proposed hybrid power generating systems (HPGS), a supercapacitor (SC) is used to smooth out the ripple on the distribution side in the power grid. Furthermore, the dynamic stability of grid-connected solar PV and wind power generation systems is investigated. This article also proposed an effective control scheme for the SC in HPGS under the influence of weak grid conditions. This article aimed to validate the efficiency of the VSI topology; a PI controller stability enhancement approach is used in a proposed grid system under various disturbance conditions. Finally, the simulation results and FFT-based power quality response analysis are validated through the effective utilization of an SC.

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    Frontiers in Energy Research
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      Frontiers in Energy Research
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      Frontiers in Energy Research
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    Authors: Ramesh Sundar; Mohammad Amir; Ranjith Subramanian; Prabakar Dakshinamoorthy; +3 Authors

    Ce travail vise à fournir une méthode de formation de faisceau hybride efficace avec un réseau à double profondeur pour surmonter les frais généraux pour les systèmes MIMO massifs à ondes millimétriques. Dans cet article, une technique de réseau à double profondeur est décrite pour l'extraction de structures statistiques à partir d'un modèle de formation de faisceau hybride basé sur des logiques mmWave, ainsi que sur une logique d'entraînement pour les fonctions de carte de réseau. L'approche proposée de DDN est formée avec des séquences de données appropriées utilisées pour la communication et la phase de formation est menée avec les normes de nombreuses variantes de canaux. Compte tenu de la nature des divers états du canal, un réseau à double profondeur est nécessaire pour manipuler le niveau de présence et les capacités même après l'entraînement. Les améliorations du niveau de performance sont pratiquement résumées à la fois dans les entités de transmission et de réception à l'aide de l'architecture de réseau hybride proposée et de l'algorithme Dual Deep Network associé. Plus précisément, le BER par rapport au SNR et l'efficacité spectrale par rapport au SNR sont évalués ainsi que les niveaux de précision résultants sont validés de manière croisée avec de nombreuses techniques de communication classiques. Cet article montre les difficultés de traitement de l'approche proposée et se valide généralement de manière croisée avec d'autres logiques de formation de faisceau. Les estimations des coûts et des performances de calcul sont améliorées, et les mesures sont clairement visualisées dans cet article sur la base de procédures de formation de faisceaux améliorées, ainsi que l'approche proposée des mesures de performance du livre de codes multirésolution basées sur DDN sont estimées clairement avec des études de modèles mathématiques appropriées. Avec 7Kbits/s/Hz et 1e-1, respectivement, les mesures clés de l'efficacité spectrale et du BER sont améliorées. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo proporcionar un método eficaz de formación de haces híbridos con Dual-Deep-Network para superar la sobrecarga de los sistemas mimo masivos de ondas milimétricas. En este trabajo se describe una técnica Dual-Deep-Network para la extracción de estructuras estadísticas a partir de un modelo de formación de haz híbrido basado en lógicas mmWave, así como lógica de entrenamiento para las funciones del mapa de red. El enfoque propuesto de DDN se entrena con secuencias de datos adecuadas utilizadas para la comunicación y la fase de entrenamiento se lleva a cabo con las normas de numerosas variantes de canal. Con la naturaleza de los diversos estados del canal, también se requiere una Red de Doble Profundidad para manipular el nivel de presencia y habilidades incluso después de la capacitación. Las mejoras en el nivel de rendimiento se resumen prácticamente tanto en las entidades de transmisión como de recepción con la ayuda de la arquitectura de red híbrida propuesta y el algoritmo Dual Deep Network asociado. Específicamente, se evalúan la BER frente a la SNR y la eficiencia espectral frente a la SNR, así como los niveles de precisión resultantes se validan de forma cruzada con numerosas técnicas de comunicación clásicas. Este documento muestra las dificultades de procesamiento del enfoque propuesto y, por lo general, se valida de forma cruzada con otras lógicas de formación de haces. Las estimaciones computacionales de costos y rendimiento se mejoran, y las métricas se visualizan claramente en este documento basadas en procedimientos mejorados de formación de haces, así como el enfoque propuesto de las métricas de rendimiento del Libro de códigos de resolución múltiple basadas en DDN se estiman claramente con las investigaciones adecuadas del modelo matemático. Con 7Kbits/s/Hz y 1e-1, respectivamente, se mejoran las métricas clave de eficiencia espectral y BER. This work aims to provide an effective hybrid beam forming method with Dual-Deep-Network to overcome overhead for mm-wave massive MIMO systems. In this paper, a Dual-Deep-Network technique is described for the extraction of statistical structures from a hybrid beam forming model based on mmWave logics, as well as training logic for the network map functions. The proposed approach of DDN is trained with proper data sequences used for communication and the training phase is conducted with the norms of numerous channel variants. With the nature of diverse channel states, a Dual-Deep-Network is required to manipulate the level of presence and abilities even after training as well. The performance level improvements are practically summarized in both the transmission and reception entities with the help of the proposed hybrid network architecture and the associated Dual Deep Network algorithm. Specifically, the BER versus SNR and spectral efficiency versus SNR are evaluated as well as the resulting accuracy levels are cross validated with numerous classical communication techniques. This paper shows the processing difficulties of the proposed approach and typically cross-validates with other beam forming logics. The computational cost and performance estimations are improved, and the metrics are clearly visualized on this paper based on improved beamforming procedures as well as the proposed approach of DDN based Multi-Resolution Code Book performance metrics are estimated clearly with proper mathematical model investigations. With 7Kbits/s/Hz and 1e-1, respectively, the key metrics of spectral efficiency and BER are enhanced. يهدف هذا العمل إلى توفير طريقة فعالة لتشكيل الحزمة الهجينة مع شبكة ثنائية العمق للتغلب على النفقات العامة لأنظمة MIMO الضخمة ذات الموجة الملليمترية. في هذه الورقة، تم وصف تقنية الشبكة المزدوجة العميقة لاستخراج الهياكل الإحصائية من نموذج تشكيل الحزمة الهجينة بناءً على منطق mmWave، بالإضافة إلى منطق التدريب لوظائف خريطة الشبكة. يتم تدريب النهج المقترح لـ DDN بتسلسلات البيانات المناسبة المستخدمة للاتصال ويتم إجراء مرحلة التدريب مع معايير العديد من متغيرات القناة. نظرًا لطبيعة حالات القنوات المتنوعة، يلزم وجود شبكة ثنائية العمق للتلاعب بمستوى التواجد والقدرات حتى بعد التدريب أيضًا. يتم تلخيص تحسينات مستوى الأداء عمليًا في كل من كيانات الإرسال والاستقبال بمساعدة بنية الشبكة الهجينة المقترحة وخوارزمية الشبكة العميقة المزدوجة المرتبطة بها. على وجه التحديد، يتم تقييم BER مقابل SNR والكفاءة الطيفية مقابل SNR وكذلك يتم التحقق من صحة مستويات الدقة الناتجة من خلال العديد من تقنيات الاتصال الكلاسيكية. توضح هذه الورقة صعوبات المعالجة للنهج المقترح وعادة ما يتم التحقق من صحتها مع منطق تشكيل الحزمة الأخرى. يتم تحسين التكلفة الحسابية وتقديرات الأداء، ويتم تصور المقاييس بوضوح في هذه الورقة بناءً على إجراءات تشكيل الحزم المحسنة بالإضافة إلى النهج المقترح لمقاييس أداء دفتر الرموز متعددة الحلول القائمة على DDN والتي يتم تقديرها بوضوح من خلال تحقيقات النموذج الرياضي المناسبة. مع 7 كيلوبت/ثانية/هرتز و1 e -1 على التوالي، يتم تحسين المقاييس الرئيسية للكفاءة الطيفية وBER.

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    Heliyon
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    Authors: Ramesh Sundar; Mohammad Amir; Ranjith Subramanian; Prabakar Dakshinamoorthy; +3 Authors

    Ce travail vise à fournir une méthode de formation de faisceau hybride efficace avec un réseau à double profondeur pour surmonter les frais généraux pour les systèmes MIMO massifs à ondes millimétriques. Dans cet article, une technique de réseau à double profondeur est décrite pour l'extraction de structures statistiques à partir d'un modèle de formation de faisceau hybride basé sur des logiques mmWave, ainsi que sur une logique d'entraînement pour les fonctions de carte de réseau. L'approche proposée de DDN est formée avec des séquences de données appropriées utilisées pour la communication et la phase de formation est menée avec les normes de nombreuses variantes de canaux. Compte tenu de la nature des divers états du canal, un réseau à double profondeur est nécessaire pour manipuler le niveau de présence et les capacités même après l'entraînement. Les améliorations du niveau de performance sont pratiquement résumées à la fois dans les entités de transmission et de réception à l'aide de l'architecture de réseau hybride proposée et de l'algorithme Dual Deep Network associé. Plus précisément, le BER par rapport au SNR et l'efficacité spectrale par rapport au SNR sont évalués ainsi que les niveaux de précision résultants sont validés de manière croisée avec de nombreuses techniques de communication classiques. Cet article montre les difficultés de traitement de l'approche proposée et se valide généralement de manière croisée avec d'autres logiques de formation de faisceau. Les estimations des coûts et des performances de calcul sont améliorées, et les mesures sont clairement visualisées dans cet article sur la base de procédures de formation de faisceaux améliorées, ainsi que l'approche proposée des mesures de performance du livre de codes multirésolution basées sur DDN sont estimées clairement avec des études de modèles mathématiques appropriées. Avec 7Kbits/s/Hz et 1e-1, respectivement, les mesures clés de l'efficacité spectrale et du BER sont améliorées. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo proporcionar un método eficaz de formación de haces híbridos con Dual-Deep-Network para superar la sobrecarga de los sistemas mimo masivos de ondas milimétricas. En este trabajo se describe una técnica Dual-Deep-Network para la extracción de estructuras estadísticas a partir de un modelo de formación de haz híbrido basado en lógicas mmWave, así como lógica de entrenamiento para las funciones del mapa de red. El enfoque propuesto de DDN se entrena con secuencias de datos adecuadas utilizadas para la comunicación y la fase de entrenamiento se lleva a cabo con las normas de numerosas variantes de canal. Con la naturaleza de los diversos estados del canal, también se requiere una Red de Doble Profundidad para manipular el nivel de presencia y habilidades incluso después de la capacitación. Las mejoras en el nivel de rendimiento se resumen prácticamente tanto en las entidades de transmisión como de recepción con la ayuda de la arquitectura de red híbrida propuesta y el algoritmo Dual Deep Network asociado. Específicamente, se evalúan la BER frente a la SNR y la eficiencia espectral frente a la SNR, así como los niveles de precisión resultantes se validan de forma cruzada con numerosas técnicas de comunicación clásicas. Este documento muestra las dificultades de procesamiento del enfoque propuesto y, por lo general, se valida de forma cruzada con otras lógicas de formación de haces. Las estimaciones computacionales de costos y rendimiento se mejoran, y las métricas se visualizan claramente en este documento basadas en procedimientos mejorados de formación de haces, así como el enfoque propuesto de las métricas de rendimiento del Libro de códigos de resolución múltiple basadas en DDN se estiman claramente con las investigaciones adecuadas del modelo matemático. Con 7Kbits/s/Hz y 1e-1, respectivamente, se mejoran las métricas clave de eficiencia espectral y BER. This work aims to provide an effective hybrid beam forming method with Dual-Deep-Network to overcome overhead for mm-wave massive MIMO systems. In this paper, a Dual-Deep-Network technique is described for the extraction of statistical structures from a hybrid beam forming model based on mmWave logics, as well as training logic for the network map functions. The proposed approach of DDN is trained with proper data sequences used for communication and the training phase is conducted with the norms of numerous channel variants. With the nature of diverse channel states, a Dual-Deep-Network is required to manipulate the level of presence and abilities even after training as well. The performance level improvements are practically summarized in both the transmission and reception entities with the help of the proposed hybrid network architecture and the associated Dual Deep Network algorithm. Specifically, the BER versus SNR and spectral efficiency versus SNR are evaluated as well as the resulting accuracy levels are cross validated with numerous classical communication techniques. This paper shows the processing difficulties of the proposed approach and typically cross-validates with other beam forming logics. The computational cost and performance estimations are improved, and the metrics are clearly visualized on this paper based on improved beamforming procedures as well as the proposed approach of DDN based Multi-Resolution Code Book performance metrics are estimated clearly with proper mathematical model investigations. With 7Kbits/s/Hz and 1e-1, respectively, the key metrics of spectral efficiency and BER are enhanced. يهدف هذا العمل إلى توفير طريقة فعالة لتشكيل الحزمة الهجينة مع شبكة ثنائية العمق للتغلب على النفقات العامة لأنظمة MIMO الضخمة ذات الموجة الملليمترية. في هذه الورقة، تم وصف تقنية الشبكة المزدوجة العميقة لاستخراج الهياكل الإحصائية من نموذج تشكيل الحزمة الهجينة بناءً على منطق mmWave، بالإضافة إلى منطق التدريب لوظائف خريطة الشبكة. يتم تدريب النهج المقترح لـ DDN بتسلسلات البيانات المناسبة المستخدمة للاتصال ويتم إجراء مرحلة التدريب مع معايير العديد من متغيرات القناة. نظرًا لطبيعة حالات القنوات المتنوعة، يلزم وجود شبكة ثنائية العمق للتلاعب بمستوى التواجد والقدرات حتى بعد التدريب أيضًا. يتم تلخيص تحسينات مستوى الأداء عمليًا في كل من كيانات الإرسال والاستقبال بمساعدة بنية الشبكة الهجينة المقترحة وخوارزمية الشبكة العميقة المزدوجة المرتبطة بها. على وجه التحديد، يتم تقييم BER مقابل SNR والكفاءة الطيفية مقابل SNR وكذلك يتم التحقق من صحة مستويات الدقة الناتجة من خلال العديد من تقنيات الاتصال الكلاسيكية. توضح هذه الورقة صعوبات المعالجة للنهج المقترح وعادة ما يتم التحقق من صحتها مع منطق تشكيل الحزمة الأخرى. يتم تحسين التكلفة الحسابية وتقديرات الأداء، ويتم تصور المقاييس بوضوح في هذه الورقة بناءً على إجراءات تشكيل الحزم المحسنة بالإضافة إلى النهج المقترح لمقاييس أداء دفتر الرموز متعددة الحلول القائمة على DDN والتي يتم تقديرها بوضوح من خلال تحقيقات النموذج الرياضي المناسبة. مع 7 كيلوبت/ثانية/هرتز و1 e -1 على التوالي، يتم تحسين المقاييس الرئيسية للكفاءة الطيفية وBER.

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    Heliyon
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    Authors: Sivakavi Naga Venkata Bramareswara Rao; Yellapragada Venkata Pavan Kumar; Mohammad Amir; S. M. Muyeen;

    AbstractMicrogrid control and operation depend on fault detection and classification because it allows quick fault separation and recovery. Due to their reliance on sizable fault currents, classic fault detection techniques are no longer suitable for microgrids that employ inverter-interfaced distributed generation. Nowadays, deep learning algorithms are essential for ensuring the reliable, safe, and efficient operation of these complex energy systems. They enable quick responses to faults, reduce downtime, enhance energy efficiency, and contribute to the overall sustainability and resilience of microgrids. With this intent, this work proposes a “Discrete Wavelet Transform with Deep Neural Network (DWT-DNN)” for detecting and classifying the various faults that occurred in hybrid energy-based multi-area grid-connected microgrid clusters. The proposed DWT-DNN first extracts the input features from the point of common coupling of the cluster system using DWT, and then, these decomposed features are applied as input variables to train the DNN for the detection and classification of various faults. All the investigations are performed in the “MATLAB/Simulink 2022a” environment. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed DWT-DNN, the results are compared with wavelet packet transforms (WPT) in terms of accuracy in detecting and classifying the faults. From the simulation findings and observations, it is evident that the proposed DNN produced fruitful results.

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    Electrical Engineering
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    Authors: Sivakavi Naga Venkata Bramareswara Rao; Yellapragada Venkata Pavan Kumar; Mohammad Amir; S. M. Muyeen;

    AbstractMicrogrid control and operation depend on fault detection and classification because it allows quick fault separation and recovery. Due to their reliance on sizable fault currents, classic fault detection techniques are no longer suitable for microgrids that employ inverter-interfaced distributed generation. Nowadays, deep learning algorithms are essential for ensuring the reliable, safe, and efficient operation of these complex energy systems. They enable quick responses to faults, reduce downtime, enhance energy efficiency, and contribute to the overall sustainability and resilience of microgrids. With this intent, this work proposes a “Discrete Wavelet Transform with Deep Neural Network (DWT-DNN)” for detecting and classifying the various faults that occurred in hybrid energy-based multi-area grid-connected microgrid clusters. The proposed DWT-DNN first extracts the input features from the point of common coupling of the cluster system using DWT, and then, these decomposed features are applied as input variables to train the DNN for the detection and classification of various faults. All the investigations are performed in the “MATLAB/Simulink 2022a” environment. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed DWT-DNN, the results are compared with wavelet packet transforms (WPT) in terms of accuracy in detecting and classifying the faults. From the simulation findings and observations, it is evident that the proposed DNN produced fruitful results.

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    Electrical Engineering
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      Electrical Engineering
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    Authors: Suwaiba Mateen; Mohmmad Amir; Ahteshamul Haque; Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh;
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Sustainable Energy G...arrow_drop_down
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    Sustainable Energy Grids and Networks
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    Sustainable Energy Grids and Networks
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      Sustainable Energy Grids and Networks
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    Authors: Abhinav Saxena; Rajat Kumar; Mohammad Amir; S.M. Muyeen;

    This paper shows a comprehensive review on various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques of the solar photovoltaic (PV) cell. It is well understood that power from a solar PV array is sometimes not sufficient, so it is required to extract the maximum power to meet the load demand. In this regard, different techniques were used for comparative analysis like perturb and observe (P & O), fuzzy logic control (FLC), incremental conductance (IC), ripple correction control (RCC), artificial neural network (ANN), particle swarm optimization (PSO), lyapunov control scheme (LCS), and fisher discrimination dictionary learning (FDDL). The performance of MPPT is also examined under the conditions like effect of shading, irradiance, etc. After reviewing the literature, it has been observed that maximum power at different sets of irradiations is extracted with ANN in comparison to other techniques. Subsequently, the least deviations about maximum power point are attained with IC while comparing with other techniques and FDDL has been found the best technique for attaining the minimum total harmonic distortion (THD). In addition to this, it is also detected that the least switching losses are attained with PSO in comparison to others. To this end, it has been concluded that each method has its significance for the extraction of maximum power from the source and dominance over other methods for smart energy systems. The researchers may find this critical review to be a valuable resource in choosing an appropriate soft computing method for the given parameters.

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    Authors: Abhinav Saxena; Rajat Kumar; Mohammad Amir; S.M. Muyeen;

    This paper shows a comprehensive review on various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques of the solar photovoltaic (PV) cell. It is well understood that power from a solar PV array is sometimes not sufficient, so it is required to extract the maximum power to meet the load demand. In this regard, different techniques were used for comparative analysis like perturb and observe (P & O), fuzzy logic control (FLC), incremental conductance (IC), ripple correction control (RCC), artificial neural network (ANN), particle swarm optimization (PSO), lyapunov control scheme (LCS), and fisher discrimination dictionary learning (FDDL). The performance of MPPT is also examined under the conditions like effect of shading, irradiance, etc. After reviewing the literature, it has been observed that maximum power at different sets of irradiations is extracted with ANN in comparison to other techniques. Subsequently, the least deviations about maximum power point are attained with IC while comparing with other techniques and FDDL has been found the best technique for attaining the minimum total harmonic distortion (THD). In addition to this, it is also detected that the least switching losses are attained with PSO in comparison to others. To this end, it has been concluded that each method has its significance for the extraction of maximum power from the source and dominance over other methods for smart energy systems. The researchers may find this critical review to be a valuable resource in choosing an appropriate soft computing method for the given parameters.

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    Authors: Mohammad Amir; Radhika G. Deshmukh; S. M. Muyeen; Zafar Said; +6 Authors

    La tecnología de almacenamiento de energía es uno de los principales componentes de la integración de las energías renovables y la descarbonización de los sistemas energéticos mundiales. Se beneficia significativamente al abordar los servicios de energía auxiliares, la estabilidad de la calidad de la energía y la confiabilidad del suministro de energía. Sin embargo, los últimos años de la pandemia de COVID-19 han dado lugar a la crisis energética en diversos sectores industriales y tecnológicos. Para resolver estos desafíos, se realiza una encuesta integrada sobre el desarrollo de la tecnología de almacenamiento de energía, su clasificación, rendimiento y gestión segura. El desarrollo de la tecnología de almacenamiento de energía se ha clasificado en métodos electromecánicos, mecánicos, electromagnéticos, termodinámicos, químicos e híbridos. El estudio actual identifica tecnologías potenciales, marco operativo, análisis de comparación y características prácticas. Este estudio propuesto también proporciona información útil y práctica a los lectores, ingenieros y profesionales sobre los efectos económicos globales, los efectos ambientales globales, la resiliencia de la organización, los desafíos clave y las proyecciones de las tecnologías de almacenamiento de energía. También se propone un modelo de programación óptimo. A continuación, se describen las políticas de adaptación sostenible. Se ha recopilado una extensa lista de publicaciones hasta la fecha en la literatura abierta para retratar diversos desarrollos en esta área. La technologie de stockage de l'énergie est l'un des principaux composants de l'intégration des énergies renouvelables et de la décarbonisation des systèmes énergétiques mondiaux. Il bénéficie considérablement des services d'alimentation auxiliaires, de la stabilité de la qualité de l'énergie et de la fiabilité de l'alimentation électrique. Cependant, les dernières années de la pandémie de COVID-19 ont donné lieu à la crise énergétique dans divers secteurs industriels et technologiques. Une enquête intégrée sur le développement de la technologie de stockage d'énergie, sa classification, ses performances et sa gestion sûre est réalisée pour résoudre ces problèmes. Le développement de la technologie de stockage d'énergie a été classé en méthodes électromécaniques, mécaniques, électromagnétiques, thermodynamiques, chimiques et hybrides. La présente étude identifie les technologies potentielles, le cadre opérationnel, l'analyse comparative et les caractéristiques pratiques. Cette étude proposée fournit également des informations utiles et pratiques aux lecteurs, ingénieurs et praticiens sur les effets économiques mondiaux, les effets environnementaux mondiaux, la résilience des organisations, les principaux défis et les projections des technologies de stockage d'énergie. Un modèle d'ordonnancement optimal est également proposé. Les politiques d'adaptation durable sont ensuite décrites. Une longue liste de publications à ce jour dans la littérature ouverte est sollicitée pour décrire divers développements dans ce domaine. Energy Storage Technology is one of the major components of renewable energy integration and decarbonization of world energy systems. It significantly benefits addressing ancillary power services, power quality stability, and power supply reliability. However, the recent years of the COVID-19 pandemic have given rise to the energy crisis in various industrial and technology sectors. An integrated survey of energy storage technology development, its classification, performance, and safe management is made to resolve these challenges. The development of energy storage technology has been classified into electromechanical, mechanical, electromagnetic, thermodynamics, chemical, and hybrid methods. The current study identifies potential technologies, operational framework, comparison analysis, and practical characteristics. This proposed study also provides useful and practical information to readers, engineers, and practitioners on the global economic effects, global environmental effects, organization resilience, key challenges, and projections of energy storage technologies. An optimal scheduling model is also proposed. Policies for sustainable adaptation are then described. An extensive list of publications to date in the open literature is canvassed to portray various developments in this area. تعد تقنية تخزين الطاقة أحد المكونات الرئيسية لتكامل الطاقة المتجددة وإزالة الكربون من أنظمة الطاقة العالمية. وهو يفيد بشكل كبير في معالجة خدمات الطاقة الإضافية، واستقرار جودة الطاقة، وموثوقية إمدادات الطاقة. ومع ذلك، أدت السنوات الأخيرة من جائحة كوفيد-19 إلى أزمة الطاقة في مختلف القطاعات الصناعية والتكنولوجية. يتم إجراء مسح متكامل لتطوير تكنولوجيا تخزين الطاقة وتصنيفها وأدائها وإدارتها الآمنة لحل هذه التحديات. تم تصنيف تطوير تكنولوجيا تخزين الطاقة إلى طرق كهروميكانيكية وميكانيكية وكهرومغناطيسية وديناميكية حرارية وكيميائية وهجينة. تحدد الدراسة الحالية التقنيات المحتملة والإطار التشغيلي وتحليل المقارنة والخصائص العملية. توفر هذه الدراسة المقترحة أيضًا معلومات مفيدة وعملية للقراء والمهندسين والممارسين حول الآثار الاقتصادية العالمية والآثار البيئية العالمية ومرونة المنظمة والتحديات الرئيسية وتوقعات تقنيات تخزين الطاقة. كما يُقترح نموذج جدولة أمثل. ثم يتم وصف سياسات التكيف المستدام. يتم فحص قائمة واسعة من المنشورات حتى الآن في الأدبيات المفتوحة لتصوير التطورات المختلفة في هذا المجال.

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    Journal of Energy Storage
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/ep...
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      Journal of Energy Storage
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/ep...
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    Authors: Mohammad Amir; Radhika G. Deshmukh; S. M. Muyeen; Zafar Said; +6 Authors

    La tecnología de almacenamiento de energía es uno de los principales componentes de la integración de las energías renovables y la descarbonización de los sistemas energéticos mundiales. Se beneficia significativamente al abordar los servicios de energía auxiliares, la estabilidad de la calidad de la energía y la confiabilidad del suministro de energía. Sin embargo, los últimos años de la pandemia de COVID-19 han dado lugar a la crisis energética en diversos sectores industriales y tecnológicos. Para resolver estos desafíos, se realiza una encuesta integrada sobre el desarrollo de la tecnología de almacenamiento de energía, su clasificación, rendimiento y gestión segura. El desarrollo de la tecnología de almacenamiento de energía se ha clasificado en métodos electromecánicos, mecánicos, electromagnéticos, termodinámicos, químicos e híbridos. El estudio actual identifica tecnologías potenciales, marco operativo, análisis de comparación y características prácticas. Este estudio propuesto también proporciona información útil y práctica a los lectores, ingenieros y profesionales sobre los efectos económicos globales, los efectos ambientales globales, la resiliencia de la organización, los desafíos clave y las proyecciones de las tecnologías de almacenamiento de energía. También se propone un modelo de programación óptimo. A continuación, se describen las políticas de adaptación sostenible. Se ha recopilado una extensa lista de publicaciones hasta la fecha en la literatura abierta para retratar diversos desarrollos en esta área. La technologie de stockage de l'énergie est l'un des principaux composants de l'intégration des énergies renouvelables et de la décarbonisation des systèmes énergétiques mondiaux. Il bénéficie considérablement des services d'alimentation auxiliaires, de la stabilité de la qualité de l'énergie et de la fiabilité de l'alimentation électrique. Cependant, les dernières années de la pandémie de COVID-19 ont donné lieu à la crise énergétique dans divers secteurs industriels et technologiques. Une enquête intégrée sur le développement de la technologie de stockage d'énergie, sa classification, ses performances et sa gestion sûre est réalisée pour résoudre ces problèmes. Le développement de la technologie de stockage d'énergie a été classé en méthodes électromécaniques, mécaniques, électromagnétiques, thermodynamiques, chimiques et hybrides. La présente étude identifie les technologies potentielles, le cadre opérationnel, l'analyse comparative et les caractéristiques pratiques. Cette étude proposée fournit également des informations utiles et pratiques aux lecteurs, ingénieurs et praticiens sur les effets économiques mondiaux, les effets environnementaux mondiaux, la résilience des organisations, les principaux défis et les projections des technologies de stockage d'énergie. Un modèle d'ordonnancement optimal est également proposé. Les politiques d'adaptation durable sont ensuite décrites. Une longue liste de publications à ce jour dans la littérature ouverte est sollicitée pour décrire divers développements dans ce domaine. Energy Storage Technology is one of the major components of renewable energy integration and decarbonization of world energy systems. It significantly benefits addressing ancillary power services, power quality stability, and power supply reliability. However, the recent years of the COVID-19 pandemic have given rise to the energy crisis in various industrial and technology sectors. An integrated survey of energy storage technology development, its classification, performance, and safe management is made to resolve these challenges. The development of energy storage technology has been classified into electromechanical, mechanical, electromagnetic, thermodynamics, chemical, and hybrid methods. The current study identifies potential technologies, operational framework, comparison analysis, and practical characteristics. This proposed study also provides useful and practical information to readers, engineers, and practitioners on the global economic effects, global environmental effects, organization resilience, key challenges, and projections of energy storage technologies. An optimal scheduling model is also proposed. Policies for sustainable adaptation are then described. An extensive list of publications to date in the open literature is canvassed to portray various developments in this area. تعد تقنية تخزين الطاقة أحد المكونات الرئيسية لتكامل الطاقة المتجددة وإزالة الكربون من أنظمة الطاقة العالمية. وهو يفيد بشكل كبير في معالجة خدمات الطاقة الإضافية، واستقرار جودة الطاقة، وموثوقية إمدادات الطاقة. ومع ذلك، أدت السنوات الأخيرة من جائحة كوفيد-19 إلى أزمة الطاقة في مختلف القطاعات الصناعية والتكنولوجية. يتم إجراء مسح متكامل لتطوير تكنولوجيا تخزين الطاقة وتصنيفها وأدائها وإدارتها الآمنة لحل هذه التحديات. تم تصنيف تطوير تكنولوجيا تخزين الطاقة إلى طرق كهروميكانيكية وميكانيكية وكهرومغناطيسية وديناميكية حرارية وكيميائية وهجينة. تحدد الدراسة الحالية التقنيات المحتملة والإطار التشغيلي وتحليل المقارنة والخصائص العملية. توفر هذه الدراسة المقترحة أيضًا معلومات مفيدة وعملية للقراء والمهندسين والممارسين حول الآثار الاقتصادية العالمية والآثار البيئية العالمية ومرونة المنظمة والتحديات الرئيسية وتوقعات تقنيات تخزين الطاقة. كما يُقترح نموذج جدولة أمثل. ثم يتم وصف سياسات التكيف المستدام. يتم فحص قائمة واسعة من المنشورات حتى الآن في الأدبيات المفتوحة لتصوير التطورات المختلفة في هذا المجال.

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    Journal of Energy Storage
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      Journal of Energy Storage
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    Authors: Rachit Srivastava; Mohammad Amir; Furkan Ahmad; Sushil Kumar Agrawal; +2 Authors

    Besides being limited in quantity, conventional energy sources also emit toxic gases. The Photovoltaic (PV) Solar System is one of the most energizing green energy sources. Around the globe, solar panels are being installed on barren land as well as on the roofs of buildings to generate electricity. An education institute in northern India recently took a step in this direction by installing a grid-tied 100 kWp solar power plant. The installed PV panels are tilted at an angle of 30° and mounted on the roof of the building. The actual PV plant system’s performance differs from the performance under laboratory conditions. Hence, performance evaluation of real outdoor plants becomes essential, especially when the plant is commissioned in different situations, such as roof-mounted systems. Many softwares can estimate the plant’s performance evaluation, but their reliability is not yet proven. This paper examines the performance evaluation of grid-tied PV plants between January 2019 and December 2019 in accordance with the IEC 61724 standard. Moreover, the results of the actual plant have also been compared with the results from the PV*Syst software that simulates the real-time behavior of the plant. Further, in order to evaluate the power plant’s performance, this paper analyzes the various parameters of the PV plant, including reference yield, final yield, and performance ratio of the PV plant. An evaluation of the module’s performance indicates that it has produced 101.57 MWh of energy over 1 year, with a performance ratio of 0.60. It is evident from the comparative analysis that rooftop solar panels are an economically viable and technologically feasible means of providing electricity in the northern parts of India. By taking such measures, the institutes or offices can protect the environment and save money by becoming microgrids. The proposed project provides a roadmap for installing rooftop photovoltaic plants in populated cities without occupying additional land.

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    Frontiers in Energy Research
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Frontiers in Energy Research
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      Frontiers in Energy Research
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    Authors: Rachit Srivastava; Mohammad Amir; Furkan Ahmad; Sushil Kumar Agrawal; +2 Authors

    Besides being limited in quantity, conventional energy sources also emit toxic gases. The Photovoltaic (PV) Solar System is one of the most energizing green energy sources. Around the globe, solar panels are being installed on barren land as well as on the roofs of buildings to generate electricity. An education institute in northern India recently took a step in this direction by installing a grid-tied 100 kWp solar power plant. The installed PV panels are tilted at an angle of 30° and mounted on the roof of the building. The actual PV plant system’s performance differs from the performance under laboratory conditions. Hence, performance evaluation of real outdoor plants becomes essential, especially when the plant is commissioned in different situations, such as roof-mounted systems. Many softwares can estimate the plant’s performance evaluation, but their reliability is not yet proven. This paper examines the performance evaluation of grid-tied PV plants between January 2019 and December 2019 in accordance with the IEC 61724 standard. Moreover, the results of the actual plant have also been compared with the results from the PV*Syst software that simulates the real-time behavior of the plant. Further, in order to evaluate the power plant’s performance, this paper analyzes the various parameters of the PV plant, including reference yield, final yield, and performance ratio of the PV plant. An evaluation of the module’s performance indicates that it has produced 101.57 MWh of energy over 1 year, with a performance ratio of 0.60. It is evident from the comparative analysis that rooftop solar panels are an economically viable and technologically feasible means of providing electricity in the northern parts of India. By taking such measures, the institutes or offices can protect the environment and save money by becoming microgrids. The proposed project provides a roadmap for installing rooftop photovoltaic plants in populated cities without occupying additional land.

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    Frontiers in Energy Research
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    Frontiers in Energy Research
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      Frontiers in Energy Research
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    Authors: Mohammad Amir; Izhar Ahmad Saifi; Mohammad Waseem; Mohd Tariq;

    The compensation circuit plays a crucial role in the framework of Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT) in wireless Electric Vehicle (EV) charging schemes. Various wireless charging factors such as power transfer capacity, efficiency, and frequency depend on the design of compensation circuit topology. In CPT, power is transferred between the two capacitor plates (one transmitter plate embedded on the track and the other plate which is inserted in the wireless EV chassis operates as a receiver). The transmitter plate is excited by a high frequency source and power is transferred between the plates through an electric field. This review paper introduced an experimental prototype of the Corbin Sparrow (CS), featuring an onboard battery charger and an off-board DC charging port. Additionally, it presented a novel conformal bumper-based approach, highlighting its distinct advantages compared to alternative charging methods. The major challenges to employing capacitive technology in transferring power up to kW level are-the greater air gap between the capacitor of vehicle chassis & ground and the high value of electric field strength in the contour of plates. Also, due to the low value of coupling capacitance, there is the requirement for suitable gain and compensated network which is a major area of concern. This review paper proposed various designs of compensation circuit topologies to achieve the effectiveness of the CPT scheme for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems.

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    Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation
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      Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation
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    Authors: Mohammad Amir; Izhar Ahmad Saifi; Mohammad Waseem; Mohd Tariq;

    The compensation circuit plays a crucial role in the framework of Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT) in wireless Electric Vehicle (EV) charging schemes. Various wireless charging factors such as power transfer capacity, efficiency, and frequency depend on the design of compensation circuit topology. In CPT, power is transferred between the two capacitor plates (one transmitter plate embedded on the track and the other plate which is inserted in the wireless EV chassis operates as a receiver). The transmitter plate is excited by a high frequency source and power is transferred between the plates through an electric field. This review paper introduced an experimental prototype of the Corbin Sparrow (CS), featuring an onboard battery charger and an off-board DC charging port. Additionally, it presented a novel conformal bumper-based approach, highlighting its distinct advantages compared to alternative charging methods. The major challenges to employing capacitive technology in transferring power up to kW level are-the greater air gap between the capacitor of vehicle chassis & ground and the high value of electric field strength in the contour of plates. Also, due to the low value of coupling capacitance, there is the requirement for suitable gain and compensated network which is a major area of concern. This review paper proposed various designs of compensation circuit topologies to achieve the effectiveness of the CPT scheme for Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems.

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    Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation
    Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation
      Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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