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  • Authors: Heidi Kreibich; Anne F. Van Loon; Kai Schröter; Philip J. Ward; +87 Authors

    La gestion des risques a réduit la vulnérabilité aux inondations et aux sécheresses dans le monde1,2, mais leurs impacts continuent d'augmenter3. Une meilleure compréhension des causes de l'évolution des impacts est donc nécessaire, mais a été entravée par un manque de données empiriques4,5. Sur la base d'un ensemble de données mondiales de 45 paires d'événements qui se sont produits dans la même zone, nous montrons que la gestion des risques réduit généralement les impacts des inondations et des sécheresses, mais fait face à des difficultés pour réduire les impacts d'événements sans précédent d'une ampleur jamais connue auparavant. Si le deuxième événement était beaucoup plus dangereux que le premier, son impact était presque toujours plus élevé. En effet, la gestion n'a pas été conçue pour faire face à de tels événements extrêmes : par exemple, ils ont dépassé les niveaux de conception des digues et des réservoirs. Dans deux cas de réussite, l'impact du deuxième événement, plus dangereux, a été plus faible, en raison de l'amélioration de la gouvernance de la gestion des risques et des investissements élevés dans la gestion intégrée. La difficulté observée à gérer des événements sans précédent est alarmante, étant donné que des événements hydrologiques plus extrêmes sont projetés en raison du changement climatique3. La gestión de riesgos ha reducido la vulnerabilidad a las inundaciones y sequías a nivel mundial1,2, pero sus impactos siguen aumentando3. Por lo tanto, se necesita una mejor comprensión de las causas de los impactos cambiantes, pero se ha visto obstaculizada por la falta de datos empíricos4,5. Sobre la base de un conjunto de datos global de 45 pares de eventos que ocurrieron dentro de la misma área, mostramos que la gestión de riesgos generalmente reduce los impactos de inundaciones y sequías, pero enfrenta dificultades para reducir los impactos de eventos sin precedentes de una magnitud no experimentada anteriormente. Si el segundo evento era mucho más peligroso que el primero, su impacto era casi siempre mayor. Esto se debe a que la gestión no fue diseñada para hacer frente a tales eventos extremos: por ejemplo, superaron los niveles de diseño de diques y embalses. En dos casos de éxito, el impacto del segundo evento, más peligroso, fue menor, como resultado de una mejor gobernanza de la gestión de riesgos y una alta inversión en la gestión integrada. La dificultad observada para gestionar eventos sin precedentes es alarmante, dado que se proyectan eventos hidrológicos más extremos debido al cambio climático3. Risk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally1,2, yet their impacts are still increasing3. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is therefore needed, but has been hampered by a lack of empirical data4,5. On the basis of a global dataset of 45 pairs of events that occurred within the same area, we show that risk management generally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not previously experienced. If the second event was much more hazardous than the first, its impact was almost always higher. This is because management was not designed to deal with such extreme events: for example, they exceeded the design levels of levees and reservoirs. In two success stories, the impact of the second, more hazardous, event was lower, as a result of improved risk management governance and high investment in integrated management. The observed difficulty of managing unprecedented events is alarming, given that more extreme hydrological events are projected owing to climate change3. أدت إدارة المخاطر إلى تقليل التعرض للفيضانات والجفاف على مستوى العالم1,2، ومع ذلك لا تزال آثارها تتزايد3. لذلك هناك حاجة إلى فهم أفضل لأسباب تغير التأثيرات، ولكن أعيق ذلك بسبب نقص البيانات التجريبية4، 5. على أساس مجموعة بيانات عالمية مكونة من 45 زوجًا من الأحداث التي وقعت داخل نفس المنطقة، نظهر أن إدارة المخاطر تقلل عمومًا من آثار الفيضانات والجفاف ولكنها تواجه صعوبات في الحد من آثار الأحداث غير المسبوقة ذات الحجم الذي لم تشهده من قبل. إذا كان الحدث الثاني أكثر خطورة من الأول، فإن تأثيره كان دائمًا أعلى. وذلك لأن الإدارة لم تكن مصممة للتعامل مع مثل هذه الأحداث المتطرفة: على سبيل المثال، تجاوزت مستويات تصميم السدود والخزانات. في قصتي نجاح، كان تأثير الحدث الثاني، الأكثر خطورة، أقل، نتيجة لتحسين حوكمة إدارة المخاطر والاستثمار العالي في الإدارة المتكاملة. إن الصعوبة الملحوظة في إدارة الأحداث غير المسبوقة تنذر بالخطر، بالنظر إلى أنه من المتوقع حدوث المزيد من الأحداث الهيدرولوجية المتطرفة بسبب تغير المناخ3.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kreibich, Heidi; Schröter, Kai; Di Baldassarre, Giuliano; Van Loon, Anne; +87 Authors

    As the negative impacts of hydrological extremes increase in large parts of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of change in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. To fill this gap, we present an IAHS Panta Rhei benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e. two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area (Kreibich et al. 2017, 2019). The contained 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas (in three study areas we have data on two paired events), which cover different socioeconomic and hydroclimatic contexts across all continents. The dataset is unique in covering floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed and in the amount of qualitative and quantitative socio-hydrological data contained. References to the data sources are provided in 2023-001_Kreibich-et-al_Key_data_table.xlsx where possible. Based on templates, we collected detailed, review-style reports describing the event characteristics and processes in the case study areas, as well as various semi-quantitative data, categorised into management, hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts. Sources of the data were classified as follows: scientific study (peer-reviewed paper and PhD thesis), report (by governments, administrations, NGOs, research organisations, projects), own analysis by authors, based on a database (e.g. official statistics, monitoring data such as weather, discharge data, etc.), newspaper article, and expert judgement. The campaign to collect the information and data on paired events started at the EGU General Assembly in April 2019 in Vienna and was continued with talks promoting the paired event data collection at various conferences. Communication with the Panta Rhei community and other flood and drought experts identified through snowballing techniques was important. Thus, data on paired events were provided by professionals with excellent local knowledge of the events and risk management practices.

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    https://doi.org/10.5880/gfz.4....
    Dataset . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Sygma
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    Authors: Heidi Kreibich; Anne F. Van Loon; Kai Schröter; Philip J. Ward; +88 Authors

    AbstractRisk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally1,2, yet their impacts are still increasing3. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is therefore needed, but has been hampered by a lack of empirical data4,5. On the basis of a global dataset of 45 pairs of events that occurred within the same area, we show that risk management generally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not previously experienced. If the second event was much more hazardous than the first, its impact was almost always higher. This is because management was not designed to deal with such extreme events: for example, they exceeded the design levels of levees and reservoirs. In two success stories, the impact of the second, more hazardous, event was lower, as a result of improved risk management governance and high investment in integrated management. The observed difficulty of managing unprecedented events is alarming, given that more extreme hydrological events are projected owing to climate change3.

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    Nature
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Nature
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Marco Bianchi; Alan MacDonald; David Macdonald; Enoch Asare;

    AbstractGroundwater stored in weathered basement aquifers (WBAs) is a strategic water resource. In this study, we investigate the productivity of WBAs and sustainability of groundwater abstractions using a novel process‐based stochastic modeling approach, which is applied to simulate abstractions in the Precambrian basement aquifer in Ghana. The statistical distribution of the generated synthetic yield data was found in very good agreement with observed yield data from the same Ghanaian aquifer. Further analysis provided robust insights regarding how different hydrogeological parameters of the WBA, and their interplay, control aquifer productivity and sustainability. Results indicate that 97% of the simulated abstractions could sustain the yield of a hand pump (6 L/min), approximately 30% could also sustain yields >60 L/min, while only 1% could sustain yields greater than 300 L/min. The model indicates that an aquifer transmissivity value of approximately 1.4 m2/day is required for a successful hand‐pumped borehole, while a higher yielding source (60 L/min) requires a transmissivity value of at least 9.5 m2/day. A global sensitivity analysis of 13 model input parameters shows that the thickness of the regolith and the maximum hydraulic conductivity developed at the base of the saprolite are the critical factors controlling success and sustainability for low yielding hand‐pumped boreholes. For higher yielding supplies, the net recharge, the depth to groundwater, and the aquifer extent become increasingly significant. Results from this work have important implications for the potential for increased development of groundwater from WBAs in tropical Africa.

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    Water Resources Research
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    Authors: Jorge Bornemann; David P. Rowell; Barbara Evans; Dan Lapworth; +6 Authors

    La nécessité d'élaborer des stratégies d'adaptation au changement climatique en Afrique devient critique. Par exemple, les infrastructures à longue durée de vie doivent maintenant être conçues ou adaptées pour tenir compte d'un climat futur qui sera différent du passé ou du présent. Il est de plus en plus nécessaire que les informations climatiques utilisées dans la prise de décision passent des mesures traditionnelles axées sur la science aux mesures axées sur la décision. Cela est particulièrement pertinent en Afrique de l'Est, où l'adaptation et les capacités socio-économiques limitées rendent cette région extrêmement vulnérable au changement climatique. Ici, nous utilisons un processus de consultation interdisciplinaire pour définir et analyser un certain nombre de ces mesures orientées vers la décision. Ces indicateurs adoptent une approche holistique, abordant les principaux secteurs d'Afrique de l'Est de l'agriculture, de l'approvisionnement en eau, de la pêche, de la gestion des inondations, des infrastructures urbaines et de la santé urbaine. Une analyse multiforme des projections climatiques multimodèles fournit ensuite un référentiel d'informations axées sur l'utilisateur sur le changement climatique et ses incertitudes, pour toutes les métriques et saisons et deux horizons temporels futurs. Le caractère spatial et la grande incertitude intermodulaire des changements dans les mesures de température et de précipitations sont décrits, ainsi que ceux d'autres mesures pertinentes telles que l'évaporation et le rayonnement solaire. Les relations intermodales entre les métriques sont également explorées, avec deux groupes clairs se formant autour des métriques de pluie et de température. Cette dernière analyse détermine dans quelle mesure les pondérations du modèle pourraient ou ne pourraient pas être appliquées à plusieurs mesures climatiques. Les travaux ultérieurs doivent maintenant se concentrer sur la maximisation de l'utilité des projections du modèle et sur le développement de stratégies de communication adaptées basées sur les risques. La necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de adaptación al cambio climático en África se está volviendo crítica. Por ejemplo, las infraestructuras con una larga vida útil ahora deben diseñarse o adaptarse para tener en cuenta un clima futuro que será diferente del pasado o del presente. Existe una necesidad creciente de que la información climática utilizada en la toma de decisiones cambie de las métricas tradicionales impulsadas por la ciencia a las métricas impulsadas por la decisión. Esto es particularmente relevante en África Oriental, donde la adaptación y la capacidad socioeconómica limitadas hacen que esta región sea muy vulnerable al cambio climático. Aquí, empleamos un proceso de consulta interdisciplinario para definir y analizar una serie de métricas orientadas a la toma de decisiones. Estas métricas adoptan un enfoque holístico, abordando los sectores clave de África Oriental de la agricultura, el suministro de agua, la pesca, la gestión de inundaciones, la infraestructura urbana y la salud urbana. Un análisis multifacético de las proyecciones climáticas multimodales proporciona un repositorio de información centrada en el usuario sobre el cambio climático y sus incertidumbres, para todas las métricas y estaciones y dos horizontes temporales futuros. Se describe el carácter espacial y la gran incertidumbre intermodal de los cambios en las métricas de temperatura y precipitación, así como las de otras métricas relevantes como la evaporación y la radiación solar. También se exploran las relaciones intermodales entre las métricas, con dos grupos claros que se forman alrededor de las métricas de lluvia y temperatura. Este último análisis determina la medida en que las ponderaciones del modelo podrían, o no, aplicarse a través de múltiples métricas climáticas. El trabajo adicional ahora debe centrarse en maximizar la utilidad de las proyecciones de modelos y desarrollar estrategias de comunicación basadas en el riesgo a medida. The need for the development of adaptation strategies for climate change in Africa is becoming critical. For example, infrastructure with a long lifespan now needs to be designed or adapted to account for a future climate that will be different from the past or present. There is a growing necessity for the climate information used in decision making to change from traditional science-driven metrics to decision-driven metrics. This is particularly relevant in East Africa, where limited adaptation and socio-economic capacity make this region acutely vulnerable to climate change. Here, we employ an interdisciplinary consultation process to define and analyse a number of such decision-oriented metrics. These metrics take a holistic approach, addressing the key East African sectors of agriculture, water supply, fisheries, flood management, urban infrastructure and urban health. A multifaceted analysis of multimodel climate projections then provides a repository of user-focused information on climate change and its uncertainties, for all metrics and seasons and two future time horizons. The spatial character and large intermodel uncertainty of changes in temperature and rainfall metrics are described, as well as those of other relevant metrics such as evaporation and solar radiation. Intermodel relationships amongst metrics are also explored, with two clear clusters forming around rainfall and temperature metrics. This latter analysis determines the extent to which model weights could, or could not, be applied across multiple climate metrics. Further work must now focus on maximising the utility of model projections, and developing tailored risk-based communication strategies. أصبحت الحاجة إلى وضع استراتيجيات للتكيف مع تغير المناخ في أفريقيا ملحة. على سبيل المثال، تحتاج البنية التحتية ذات العمر الطويل الآن إلى تصميمها أو تكييفها لمراعاة المناخ المستقبلي الذي سيكون مختلفًا عن الماضي أو الحاضر. هناك ضرورة متزايدة لتغيير المعلومات المناخية المستخدمة في صنع القرار من المقاييس التقليدية القائمة على العلم إلى المقاييس القائمة على القرار. وهذا مهم بشكل خاص في شرق أفريقيا، حيث يجعل التكيف المحدود والقدرة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية هذه المنطقة عرضة بشدة لتغير المناخ. هنا، نستخدم عملية تشاور متعددة التخصصات لتحديد وتحليل عدد من هذه المقاييس الموجهة نحو اتخاذ القرار. تتخذ هذه المقاييس نهجًا شاملاً، حيث تتناول القطاعات الرئيسية في شرق إفريقيا وهي الزراعة وإمدادات المياه ومصايد الأسماك وإدارة الفيضانات والبنية التحتية الحضرية والصحة الحضرية. ثم يوفر تحليل متعدد الأوجه للتوقعات المناخية متعددة النماذج مستودعًا للمعلومات التي تركز على المستخدم بشأن تغير المناخ وشكوكه، لجميع المقاييس والمواسم واثنين من الآفاق الزمنية المستقبلية. يتم وصف الطابع المكاني وعدم اليقين الكبير بين النماذج للتغيرات في مقاييس درجة الحرارة وهطول الأمطار، بالإضافة إلى المقاييس الأخرى ذات الصلة مثل التبخر والإشعاع الشمسي. كما يتم استكشاف العلاقات بين النماذج بين المقاييس، مع تشكيل مجموعتين واضحتين حول مقاييس هطول الأمطار ودرجة الحرارة. يحدد هذا التحليل الأخير مدى إمكانية أو عدم إمكانية تطبيق أوزان النموذج عبر مقاييس مناخية متعددة. يجب أن يركز المزيد من العمل الآن على تعظيم فائدة إسقاطات النموذج، وتطوير استراتيجيات اتصال مخصصة قائمة على المخاطر.

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    Authors: Cornforth, Rosalind J.; Macdonald, David M. J.; Osbahr, Henny; Ciampi, Luisa; +11 Authors

    This narrative describes three possible future scenarios for water resources in Burkina Faso and the human and socio-economic impacts that might be experienced by people living in rural areas. The narratives aim to stimulate discussion towards realistic policy responses and the decision support tools needed to assist future planning needs. It is important to recognise that the scenarios do not represent every possible outcome projected by hydroclimate models, and resulting impacts will be contextualised by local circumstances. See here for information about BRAVE (www.walker.ac.uk) and the UPGro programme: upgro.org/consortium/brave2/. {"references": ["Cuthbert, M.O., Taylor, R.G., Favreau, G. et al. Observed controls on resilience of groundwater to climate variability in sub-Saharan Africa. Nature 572, 230\u2013234 (2019) doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1441-7."]}

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      ZENODO
      Report . 2019
      License: CC BY
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      ZENODO
      Report . 2019
      License: CC BY
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  • Authors: Heidi Kreibich; Anne F. Van Loon; Kai Schröter; Philip J. Ward; +87 Authors

    La gestion des risques a réduit la vulnérabilité aux inondations et aux sécheresses dans le monde1,2, mais leurs impacts continuent d'augmenter3. Une meilleure compréhension des causes de l'évolution des impacts est donc nécessaire, mais a été entravée par un manque de données empiriques4,5. Sur la base d'un ensemble de données mondiales de 45 paires d'événements qui se sont produits dans la même zone, nous montrons que la gestion des risques réduit généralement les impacts des inondations et des sécheresses, mais fait face à des difficultés pour réduire les impacts d'événements sans précédent d'une ampleur jamais connue auparavant. Si le deuxième événement était beaucoup plus dangereux que le premier, son impact était presque toujours plus élevé. En effet, la gestion n'a pas été conçue pour faire face à de tels événements extrêmes : par exemple, ils ont dépassé les niveaux de conception des digues et des réservoirs. Dans deux cas de réussite, l'impact du deuxième événement, plus dangereux, a été plus faible, en raison de l'amélioration de la gouvernance de la gestion des risques et des investissements élevés dans la gestion intégrée. La difficulté observée à gérer des événements sans précédent est alarmante, étant donné que des événements hydrologiques plus extrêmes sont projetés en raison du changement climatique3. La gestión de riesgos ha reducido la vulnerabilidad a las inundaciones y sequías a nivel mundial1,2, pero sus impactos siguen aumentando3. Por lo tanto, se necesita una mejor comprensión de las causas de los impactos cambiantes, pero se ha visto obstaculizada por la falta de datos empíricos4,5. Sobre la base de un conjunto de datos global de 45 pares de eventos que ocurrieron dentro de la misma área, mostramos que la gestión de riesgos generalmente reduce los impactos de inundaciones y sequías, pero enfrenta dificultades para reducir los impactos de eventos sin precedentes de una magnitud no experimentada anteriormente. Si el segundo evento era mucho más peligroso que el primero, su impacto era casi siempre mayor. Esto se debe a que la gestión no fue diseñada para hacer frente a tales eventos extremos: por ejemplo, superaron los niveles de diseño de diques y embalses. En dos casos de éxito, el impacto del segundo evento, más peligroso, fue menor, como resultado de una mejor gobernanza de la gestión de riesgos y una alta inversión en la gestión integrada. La dificultad observada para gestionar eventos sin precedentes es alarmante, dado que se proyectan eventos hidrológicos más extremos debido al cambio climático3. Risk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally1,2, yet their impacts are still increasing3. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is therefore needed, but has been hampered by a lack of empirical data4,5. On the basis of a global dataset of 45 pairs of events that occurred within the same area, we show that risk management generally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not previously experienced. If the second event was much more hazardous than the first, its impact was almost always higher. This is because management was not designed to deal with such extreme events: for example, they exceeded the design levels of levees and reservoirs. In two success stories, the impact of the second, more hazardous, event was lower, as a result of improved risk management governance and high investment in integrated management. The observed difficulty of managing unprecedented events is alarming, given that more extreme hydrological events are projected owing to climate change3. أدت إدارة المخاطر إلى تقليل التعرض للفيضانات والجفاف على مستوى العالم1,2، ومع ذلك لا تزال آثارها تتزايد3. لذلك هناك حاجة إلى فهم أفضل لأسباب تغير التأثيرات، ولكن أعيق ذلك بسبب نقص البيانات التجريبية4، 5. على أساس مجموعة بيانات عالمية مكونة من 45 زوجًا من الأحداث التي وقعت داخل نفس المنطقة، نظهر أن إدارة المخاطر تقلل عمومًا من آثار الفيضانات والجفاف ولكنها تواجه صعوبات في الحد من آثار الأحداث غير المسبوقة ذات الحجم الذي لم تشهده من قبل. إذا كان الحدث الثاني أكثر خطورة من الأول، فإن تأثيره كان دائمًا أعلى. وذلك لأن الإدارة لم تكن مصممة للتعامل مع مثل هذه الأحداث المتطرفة: على سبيل المثال، تجاوزت مستويات تصميم السدود والخزانات. في قصتي نجاح، كان تأثير الحدث الثاني، الأكثر خطورة، أقل، نتيجة لتحسين حوكمة إدارة المخاطر والاستثمار العالي في الإدارة المتكاملة. إن الصعوبة الملحوظة في إدارة الأحداث غير المسبوقة تنذر بالخطر، بالنظر إلى أنه من المتوقع حدوث المزيد من الأحداث الهيدرولوجية المتطرفة بسبب تغير المناخ3.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kreibich, Heidi; Schröter, Kai; Di Baldassarre, Giuliano; Van Loon, Anne; +87 Authors

    As the negative impacts of hydrological extremes increase in large parts of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of change in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. To fill this gap, we present an IAHS Panta Rhei benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e. two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area (Kreibich et al. 2017, 2019). The contained 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas (in three study areas we have data on two paired events), which cover different socioeconomic and hydroclimatic contexts across all continents. The dataset is unique in covering floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed and in the amount of qualitative and quantitative socio-hydrological data contained. References to the data sources are provided in 2023-001_Kreibich-et-al_Key_data_table.xlsx where possible. Based on templates, we collected detailed, review-style reports describing the event characteristics and processes in the case study areas, as well as various semi-quantitative data, categorised into management, hazard, exposure, vulnerability and impacts. Sources of the data were classified as follows: scientific study (peer-reviewed paper and PhD thesis), report (by governments, administrations, NGOs, research organisations, projects), own analysis by authors, based on a database (e.g. official statistics, monitoring data such as weather, discharge data, etc.), newspaper article, and expert judgement. The campaign to collect the information and data on paired events started at the EGU General Assembly in April 2019 in Vienna and was continued with talks promoting the paired event data collection at various conferences. Communication with the Panta Rhei community and other flood and drought experts identified through snowballing techniques was important. Thus, data on paired events were provided by professionals with excellent local knowledge of the events and risk management practices.

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    Dataset . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    https://doi.org/10.5880/gfz.4....
    Dataset . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Sygma
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      GFZ Data Services
      Dataset . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      https://doi.org/10.5880/gfz.4....
      Dataset . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Sygma
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Heidi Kreibich; Anne F. Van Loon; Kai Schröter; Philip J. Ward; +88 Authors

    AbstractRisk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally1,2, yet their impacts are still increasing3. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is therefore needed, but has been hampered by a lack of empirical data4,5. On the basis of a global dataset of 45 pairs of events that occurred within the same area, we show that risk management generally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not previously experienced. If the second event was much more hazardous than the first, its impact was almost always higher. This is because management was not designed to deal with such extreme events: for example, they exceeded the design levels of levees and reservoirs. In two success stories, the impact of the second, more hazardous, event was lower, as a result of improved risk management governance and high investment in integrated management. The observed difficulty of managing unprecedented events is alarming, given that more extreme hydrological events are projected owing to climate change3.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LAReferencia - Red F...arrow_drop_down
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    Nature
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Article . 2022
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    Article . 2022
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    Article . 2022
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    Article . 2022
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    Nature
    Article . 2022
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    Article . 2022
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    Nature
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Marco Bianchi; Alan MacDonald; David Macdonald; Enoch Asare;

    AbstractGroundwater stored in weathered basement aquifers (WBAs) is a strategic water resource. In this study, we investigate the productivity of WBAs and sustainability of groundwater abstractions using a novel process‐based stochastic modeling approach, which is applied to simulate abstractions in the Precambrian basement aquifer in Ghana. The statistical distribution of the generated synthetic yield data was found in very good agreement with observed yield data from the same Ghanaian aquifer. Further analysis provided robust insights regarding how different hydrogeological parameters of the WBA, and their interplay, control aquifer productivity and sustainability. Results indicate that 97% of the simulated abstractions could sustain the yield of a hand pump (6 L/min), approximately 30% could also sustain yields >60 L/min, while only 1% could sustain yields greater than 300 L/min. The model indicates that an aquifer transmissivity value of approximately 1.4 m2/day is required for a successful hand‐pumped borehole, while a higher yielding source (60 L/min) requires a transmissivity value of at least 9.5 m2/day. A global sensitivity analysis of 13 model input parameters shows that the thickness of the regolith and the maximum hydraulic conductivity developed at the base of the saprolite are the critical factors controlling success and sustainability for low yielding hand‐pumped boreholes. For higher yielding supplies, the net recharge, the depth to groundwater, and the aquifer extent become increasingly significant. Results from this work have important implications for the potential for increased development of groundwater from WBAs in tropical Africa.

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    Water Resources Research
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    Authors: Jorge Bornemann; David P. Rowell; Barbara Evans; Dan Lapworth; +6 Authors

    La nécessité d'élaborer des stratégies d'adaptation au changement climatique en Afrique devient critique. Par exemple, les infrastructures à longue durée de vie doivent maintenant être conçues ou adaptées pour tenir compte d'un climat futur qui sera différent du passé ou du présent. Il est de plus en plus nécessaire que les informations climatiques utilisées dans la prise de décision passent des mesures traditionnelles axées sur la science aux mesures axées sur la décision. Cela est particulièrement pertinent en Afrique de l'Est, où l'adaptation et les capacités socio-économiques limitées rendent cette région extrêmement vulnérable au changement climatique. Ici, nous utilisons un processus de consultation interdisciplinaire pour définir et analyser un certain nombre de ces mesures orientées vers la décision. Ces indicateurs adoptent une approche holistique, abordant les principaux secteurs d'Afrique de l'Est de l'agriculture, de l'approvisionnement en eau, de la pêche, de la gestion des inondations, des infrastructures urbaines et de la santé urbaine. Une analyse multiforme des projections climatiques multimodèles fournit ensuite un référentiel d'informations axées sur l'utilisateur sur le changement climatique et ses incertitudes, pour toutes les métriques et saisons et deux horizons temporels futurs. Le caractère spatial et la grande incertitude intermodulaire des changements dans les mesures de température et de précipitations sont décrits, ainsi que ceux d'autres mesures pertinentes telles que l'évaporation et le rayonnement solaire. Les relations intermodales entre les métriques sont également explorées, avec deux groupes clairs se formant autour des métriques de pluie et de température. Cette dernière analyse détermine dans quelle mesure les pondérations du modèle pourraient ou ne pourraient pas être appliquées à plusieurs mesures climatiques. Les travaux ultérieurs doivent maintenant se concentrer sur la maximisation de l'utilité des projections du modèle et sur le développement de stratégies de communication adaptées basées sur les risques. La necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de adaptación al cambio climático en África se está volviendo crítica. Por ejemplo, las infraestructuras con una larga vida útil ahora deben diseñarse o adaptarse para tener en cuenta un clima futuro que será diferente del pasado o del presente. Existe una necesidad creciente de que la información climática utilizada en la toma de decisiones cambie de las métricas tradicionales impulsadas por la ciencia a las métricas impulsadas por la decisión. Esto es particularmente relevante en África Oriental, donde la adaptación y la capacidad socioeconómica limitadas hacen que esta región sea muy vulnerable al cambio climático. Aquí, empleamos un proceso de consulta interdisciplinario para definir y analizar una serie de métricas orientadas a la toma de decisiones. Estas métricas adoptan un enfoque holístico, abordando los sectores clave de África Oriental de la agricultura, el suministro de agua, la pesca, la gestión de inundaciones, la infraestructura urbana y la salud urbana. Un análisis multifacético de las proyecciones climáticas multimodales proporciona un repositorio de información centrada en el usuario sobre el cambio climático y sus incertidumbres, para todas las métricas y estaciones y dos horizontes temporales futuros. Se describe el carácter espacial y la gran incertidumbre intermodal de los cambios en las métricas de temperatura y precipitación, así como las de otras métricas relevantes como la evaporación y la radiación solar. También se exploran las relaciones intermodales entre las métricas, con dos grupos claros que se forman alrededor de las métricas de lluvia y temperatura. Este último análisis determina la medida en que las ponderaciones del modelo podrían, o no, aplicarse a través de múltiples métricas climáticas. El trabajo adicional ahora debe centrarse en maximizar la utilidad de las proyecciones de modelos y desarrollar estrategias de comunicación basadas en el riesgo a medida. The need for the development of adaptation strategies for climate change in Africa is becoming critical. For example, infrastructure with a long lifespan now needs to be designed or adapted to account for a future climate that will be different from the past or present. There is a growing necessity for the climate information used in decision making to change from traditional science-driven metrics to decision-driven metrics. This is particularly relevant in East Africa, where limited adaptation and socio-economic capacity make this region acutely vulnerable to climate change. Here, we employ an interdisciplinary consultation process to define and analyse a number of such decision-oriented metrics. These metrics take a holistic approach, addressing the key East African sectors of agriculture, water supply, fisheries, flood management, urban infrastructure and urban health. A multifaceted analysis of multimodel climate projections then provides a repository of user-focused information on climate change and its uncertainties, for all metrics and seasons and two future time horizons. The spatial character and large intermodel uncertainty of changes in temperature and rainfall metrics are described, as well as those of other relevant metrics such as evaporation and solar radiation. Intermodel relationships amongst metrics are also explored, with two clear clusters forming around rainfall and temperature metrics. This latter analysis determines the extent to which model weights could, or could not, be applied across multiple climate metrics. Further work must now focus on maximising the utility of model projections, and developing tailored risk-based communication strategies. أصبحت الحاجة إلى وضع استراتيجيات للتكيف مع تغير المناخ في أفريقيا ملحة. على سبيل المثال، تحتاج البنية التحتية ذات العمر الطويل الآن إلى تصميمها أو تكييفها لمراعاة المناخ المستقبلي الذي سيكون مختلفًا عن الماضي أو الحاضر. هناك ضرورة متزايدة لتغيير المعلومات المناخية المستخدمة في صنع القرار من المقاييس التقليدية القائمة على العلم إلى المقاييس القائمة على القرار. وهذا مهم بشكل خاص في شرق أفريقيا، حيث يجعل التكيف المحدود والقدرة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية هذه المنطقة عرضة بشدة لتغير المناخ. هنا، نستخدم عملية تشاور متعددة التخصصات لتحديد وتحليل عدد من هذه المقاييس الموجهة نحو اتخاذ القرار. تتخذ هذه المقاييس نهجًا شاملاً، حيث تتناول القطاعات الرئيسية في شرق إفريقيا وهي الزراعة وإمدادات المياه ومصايد الأسماك وإدارة الفيضانات والبنية التحتية الحضرية والصحة الحضرية. ثم يوفر تحليل متعدد الأوجه للتوقعات المناخية متعددة النماذج مستودعًا للمعلومات التي تركز على المستخدم بشأن تغير المناخ وشكوكه، لجميع المقاييس والمواسم واثنين من الآفاق الزمنية المستقبلية. يتم وصف الطابع المكاني وعدم اليقين الكبير بين النماذج للتغيرات في مقاييس درجة الحرارة وهطول الأمطار، بالإضافة إلى المقاييس الأخرى ذات الصلة مثل التبخر والإشعاع الشمسي. كما يتم استكشاف العلاقات بين النماذج بين المقاييس، مع تشكيل مجموعتين واضحتين حول مقاييس هطول الأمطار ودرجة الحرارة. يحدد هذا التحليل الأخير مدى إمكانية أو عدم إمكانية تطبيق أوزان النموذج عبر مقاييس مناخية متعددة. يجب أن يركز المزيد من العمل الآن على تعظيم فائدة إسقاطات النموذج، وتطوير استراتيجيات اتصال مخصصة قائمة على المخاطر.

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    Authors: Cornforth, Rosalind J.; Macdonald, David M. J.; Osbahr, Henny; Ciampi, Luisa; +11 Authors

    This narrative describes three possible future scenarios for water resources in Burkina Faso and the human and socio-economic impacts that might be experienced by people living in rural areas. The narratives aim to stimulate discussion towards realistic policy responses and the decision support tools needed to assist future planning needs. It is important to recognise that the scenarios do not represent every possible outcome projected by hydroclimate models, and resulting impacts will be contextualised by local circumstances. See here for information about BRAVE (www.walker.ac.uk) and the UPGro programme: upgro.org/consortium/brave2/. {"references": ["Cuthbert, M.O., Taylor, R.G., Favreau, G. et al. Observed controls on resilience of groundwater to climate variability in sub-Saharan Africa. Nature 572, 230\u2013234 (2019) doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1441-7."]}

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      License: CC BY
      Data sources: ZENODO
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Report . 2019
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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