• Energy Research

In this paper, we report on total electron tetrahydrofuran (C4 H8 O) scattering cross-section measurements for energies in the range from 50 to 5000 eV with experimental errors of about 5%. In addition, integral elastic and inelastic cross sections have been calculated over a broad energy range (1-10000 eV), with an optical potential method assuming a screening-corrected independent atom representation. Partial and total ionization cross sections have been also obtained by combining simultaneous electron and ion measurements with a time-of-flight analysis of the ionic induced fragmentation. Finally, an average energy distribution of secondary electrons has been derived from these measurements in order to provide data for modeling electron-induced damage in biomolecular systems

Experimental results are reported for elastic differential and integral cross sections for electrons scattering from iodomethane (CH3I). These measurements were made at seven incident electron energies in the range 5-50 eV, with a scattered electron angular range of 20°-135°. Corresponding calculations using the independent atom method plus screened additivity rule (IAM-SCAR), both with and without a dipole correction, are also reported as a part of this study. Where possible, comparison is made to the only other set of experimental results available in the literature (Kato et al 2010 J. Chem. Phys. 132 074309) and to calculated cross sections from the Schwinger multichannel approach at the static exchange level (Natalense et al 2001 Braz. J. Phys. 31 15). In general, good agreement is found between the present measurements and IAM-SCAR computations, and between our results and the earlier investigations. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd Printed in the UK & the USA. Additional support from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (project Peer Reviewed

The Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is sensitive to neutrinos of all flavours above 0.1 EeV. These interact through charged and neutral currents in the atmosphere giving rise to extensive air showers. When interacting deeply in the atmosphere at nearly horizontal incidence, neutrinos can be distinguished from regular hadronic cosmic rays by the broad time structure of their shower signals in the water-Cherenkov detectors. In this paper we present for the first time an analysis based on down-going neutrinos. We describe the search procedure, the possible sources of background, the method to compute the exposure and the associated systematic uncertainties. No candidate neutrinos have been found in data collected from 1 January 2004 to 31 May 2010. Assuming an E^-2 differential energy spectrum the limit on the single flavour neutrino is (E^2 * dN/dE) < 1.74x10^-7 GeV cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1 at 90% C.L. in the energy range 1x10^17 eV < E < 1x10^20 eV. 16 pages, 14 figures, published 30 December 2011

The Pierre Auger Observatory is a detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It consists of a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level and a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The "hybrid" detection mode combines the information from the two subsystems. We describe the determination of the hybrid exposure for events observed by the fluorescence telescopes in coincidence with at least one water-Cherenkov detector of the surface array. A detailed knowledge of the time dependence of the detection operations is crucial for an accurate evaluation of the exposure. We discuss the relevance of monitoring data collected during operations, such as the status of the fluorescence detector, background light and atmospheric conditions, that are used in both simulation and reconstruction. Paper accepted by Astroparticle Physics