• Energy Research

Abstract. Globally, terrestrial ecosystems have absorbed about 30% of anthropogenic emissions over the period 20007–2007 and inter-hemispheric gradients indicate that a significant fraction of terrestrial carbon sequestration must be north of the Equator. We present a compilation of the CO2, CO, CH4 and N2O balance of Europe following a dual constraint approach in which (1) a land-based balance derived mainly from ecosystem carbon inventories and (2) a land-based balance derived from flux measurements are confronted with (3) the atmospheric-based balance derived from inversion informed by measurements of atmospheric GHG concentrations. Good agreement between the GHG balances based on fluxes (1249 ± 545 Tg C in CO2-eq y−1), inventories (1299 ± 200 Tg C in CO2-eq y−1) and inversions (1210 ± 405 Tg C in CO2-eq y−1) increases our confidence that current European GHG balances are accurate. However, the uncertainty remains large and largely lacks formal estimates. Given that European net land-atmosphere balances are determined by a few dominant fluxes, the uncertainty of these key components needs to be formally estimated before efforts could be made to reduce the overall uncertainty. The dual-constraint approach confirmed that the European land surface, including inland waters and urban areas, is a net source for CO2, CO, CH4 and N2O. However, for all ecosystems except croplands, C uptake exceeds C release and us such 210 ± 70 Tg C y−1 from fossil fuel burning is removed from the atmosphere and sequestered in both terrestrial and inland aquatic ecosystems. If the C cost for ecosystem management is taken into account, the net uptake of ecosystems was estimated to decrease by 45% but still indicates substantial C-sequestration. Also, when the balance is extended from CO2 towards the main GHGs, C-uptake by terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is compensated for by emissions of GHGs. As such the European ecosystems are unlikely to contribute to mitigating the effects of climate change.

Cet ensemble de données contient toutes les données (au format csv) liées aux chiffres du document soumis par l'ESSD : « The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for EU27 and UK : 1990-2017 » Petrescu, A. M. R., Qiu, C., Ciais, P., Thompson, R.L., Peylin, P., McGrath, M. J., Solazzo, E., Janssens-Maenhout, G, Tubiello, F. N., Bergamaschi, P., Brunner, D., Peters, G. P., Höglund-Isaksson, L., Regnier, P., Lauerwald, R., Bastviken, D., Tsuruta, A., Winiwarter, W., Patra, P.K., Kuhnert, M., Orregioni, G. D., Crippa, M., Saunois, M., Perugini, L., Markkanen, T., Aalto, T., Groot Zwaaftink, C.D., Yao, Y., Wilson, C., Conchedda, G., Günther, D., Leip, A., Smith, P., Haussaire, J.-M., Leppänen, A., Manning, A. J., McNorton, J., Brockmann, P., et Dolman, A. J. : La synthèse européenne consolidée des émissions de CH4 et de N2O pour l'UE27 et le Royaume-Uni : 1990-2017, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., essd-2020-367, in review, 2020. Este conjunto de datos contiene todos los datos (en formato csv) vinculados a las cifras del documento presentado por la ESSD: "The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for EU27 and UK: 1990-2017" Petrescu, A. M. R., Qiu, C., Ciais, P., Thompson, R.L., Peylin, P., McGrath, M. J., Solazzo, E., Janssens-Maenhout, G, Tubiello, F. N., Bergamaschi, P., Brunner, D., Peters, G. P., Höglund-Isaksson, L., Regnier, P., Lauerwald, R., Bastviken, D., Tsuruta, A., Winiwarter, W., Patra, P. K., Kuhnert, M., Orregioni, G. D., Crippa, M., Saunois, M., Perugini, L., Markkanen, T., Aalto, T., Groot Zwaaftink, C. D., Yao, Y., Wilson, C., Conchedda, G., Günther, D., Leip, A., Smith, P., Haussaire, J.-M., Leppänen, A., Manning, A. J., McNorton, J., Brockmann, P., y Dolman, A. J.: The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for EU27 and UK: 1990-2017, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., essd-2020-367, en revisión, 2020. تحتوي مجموعة البيانات هذه على جميع البيانات (بتنسيق CSV) المرتبطة بالأرقام الواردة في ورقة ESSD المقدمة: "التوليف الأوروبي الموحد لانبعاثات CH4 و N2O للاتحاد الأوروبي 27 والمملكة المتحدة: 1990-2017" بتريسكو، أ. م. ر.، تشيو، ج.، Ciais, ص. طومسون، ر .ل، بيلين، ص. ماكغراث، MJ, سولازو، هـ.، Janssens - Maenhout، ز، Tubiello, F. N., Bergamaschi, ص. برونر، د.، بيترز، جي بي، Höglund - Isaksson، ل.، رينييه، ص. لويرفالد، R., باستفيكن، د.، تسوروتا، أ.، Winiwarter، دبليو، باترا، بي كيه، Kuhnert, م.، Orregioni, جي دي، كريبا، م.، ساونوا، م.، بيروجيني، ل.، Markkanen, T., آلتو، T., جروت زوافتينك، سي. دي.، ياو، Y., ويلسون، ج.، كونشيددا، G., غونتر، د.، ليب، أ.، سميث، ص. هاوسير، ج. م.، Leppänen, أ.، مانينغ، ايه جيه، ماكنورتون، J., بروكمان، ص. ودولمان، إيه جيه: التوليف الأوروبي الموحد لانبعاثات الميثان وأكسيد النيتروز للاتحاد الأوروبي 27 والمملكة المتحدة: 1990-2017، نظام الأرض. Sci. مناقشة البيانات، essd -2020-367، قيد المراجعة، 2020. This dataset contains all data (in csv format) linked to the figures from the ESSD submitted paper: "The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for EU27 and UK: 1990-2017" Petrescu, A. M. R., Qiu, C., Ciais, P., Thompson, R.L., Peylin, P., McGrath, M. J., Solazzo, E., Janssens-Maenhout, G, Tubiello, F. N., Bergamaschi, P., Brunner, D., Peters, G. P., Höglund-Isaksson, L., Regnier, P., Lauerwald, R., Bastviken, D., Tsuruta, A., Winiwarter, W., Patra, P. K., Kuhnert, M., Orregioni, G. D., Crippa, M., Saunois, M., Perugini, L., Markkanen, T., Aalto, T., Groot Zwaaftink, C. D., Yao, Y., Wilson, C., Conchedda, G., Günther, D., Leip, A., Smith, P., Haussaire, J.-M., Leppänen, A., Manning, A. J., McNorton, J., Brockmann, P., and Dolman, A. J.: The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for EU27 and UK: 1990-2017, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., essd-2020-367, in review, 2020.

This data package contains high accuracy CO2 dry air mole fractions from 39 ICOS European observatories at in total 95 observation levels, collected by the ICOS Atmosphere Thematic Centre (ATC) and provided by the station contributors. The package includes the 2025.1 FastTrack update of the Globalview EU data product and is intended for use in carbon cycle inverse modeling, model evaluation, and satellite validation studies. Please report errors and send comments regarding this product to the ObsPack originators. Please read carefully the ObsPack Fair Use statement and cite appropriately. Please review the release notes for the associated Obspack product at www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/obspack/release_notes.html. Metadata for this product are available at https://commons.datacite.org/doi.org/10.18160/0HYS-FF7X . Please visit http://www.gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/obspack/ for more information on Obspack.

This data package contains high accuracy N2O dry air mole fractions from 26 ICOS European observatories at in total 73 observation levels, collected by the ICOS Atmosphere Thematic Centre (ATC) and provided by the station contributors. The package includes the 2025.1 FastTrack update of the Globalview EU data product and is intended for use in carbon cycle inverse modeling, model evaluation, and satellite validation studies. Please report errors and send comments regarding this product to the ObsPack originators. Please read carefully the ObsPack Fair Use statement and cite appropriately. Please review the release notes for the associated Obspack product at www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/obspack/release_notes.html. Metadata for this product are available at https://commons.datacite.org/doi.org/10.18160/XKKA-AWRS. Please visit http://www.gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/obspack/ for more information on Obspack.

This data package contains high accuracy CH4 dry air mole fractions from 66 ICOS and non-ICOS European observatories at in total 144 observation levels, collected by the ICOS Atmosphere Thematic Centre (ATC) and provided by the station contributors. The package is the first 2024 update of the European Obspack data product (version 9.1), first released in 2023 and is intended for use in carbon cycle inverse modeling, model evaluation, and satellite validation studies. Please report errors and send comments regarding this product to the ObsPack originators. Please read carefully the ObsPack Fair Use statement and cite appropriately. Metadata for this product are available at https://commons.datacite.org/doi.org/10.18160//KDMT-V6CG. Please visit http://www.gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/obspack/ for more information.

This data package contains high accuracy CO2 dry air mole fractions from 69 ICOS and non-ICOS European observatories at in total 152 observation levels, collected by the ICOS Atmosphere Thematic Centre (ATC) and provided by the station contributors. The package is the 2024 update of the Globalview EU data product (version 10) and is intended for use in carbon cycle inverse modeling, model evaluation, and satellite validation studies. Please report errors and send comments regarding this product to the ObsPack originators. Please read carefully the ObsPack Fair Use statement and cite appropriately. Please review the release notes for the associated Obspack product at www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/obspack/release_notes.html. Metadata for this product are available at https://commons.datacite.org/doi.org/10.18160/FSS8-53NX. Please visit http://www.gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/obspack/ for more information on Obspack.

This data package contains high accuracy CH4 dry air mole fractions from 39 ICOS European observatories at in total 95 observation levels, collected by the ICOS Atmosphere Thematic Centre (ATC) and provided by the station contributors. The package includes the 2024.3 FastTrack update of the Globalview EU data product and is intended for use in carbon cycle inverse modeling, model evaluation, and satellite validation studies. Please report errors and send comments regarding this product to the ObsPack originators. Please read carefully the ObsPack Fair Use statement and cite appropriately. Please review the release notes for the associated Obspack product at www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/obspack/release_notes.html. Metadata for this product are available at https://commons.datacite.org/doi.org/10.18160/XSBE-Q6R1. Please visit http://www.gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/obspack/ for more information on Obspack.

This data package contains high accuracy CO2 dry air mole fractions from 39 ICOS European observatories at in total 95 observation levels, collected by the ICOS Atmosphere Thematic Centre (ATC) and provided by the station contributors. The package includes the 2024.3 FastTrack update of the Globalview EU data product and is intended for use in carbon cycle inverse modeling, model evaluation, and satellite validation studies. Please report errors and send comments regarding this product to the ObsPack originators. Please read carefully the ObsPack Fair Use statement and cite appropriately. Please review the release notes for the associated Obspack product at www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/obspack/release_notes.html. Metadata for this product are available at https://commons.datacite.org/doi.org/10.18160/85D0-RCDQ. Please visit http://www.gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/obspack/ for more information on Obspack.