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  • Authors: Perger, Edson Luiz Pontes;

    Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB ; Este trabalho teve como objetivos: quantificar os níveis de exposição das radiações solares e das radiações ionizantes (RI) na região de Botucatu, analisar as possíveis correlações à pressão atmosférica, umidade relativa do ar, altitude e temperatura (parâmetros ambientais); quantificar a incidência e tipos de lesões cutâneas mais diagnosticadas na região; informar a comunidade regional sobre os riscos de exposição às radiações solares e ionizantes e os fatores que influenciam na incidência de lesões cutâneas e suas formas de prevenção e tratamento. O trabalho apresenta ainda uma estimativa de gastos com os tratamentos de câncer de pele no Estado de São Paulo. Os níveis de incidência da radiação solar Global, Difusa e Direta na região de Botucatu, foram obtidos junto aos institutos especializados por meio dos ambientes virtuais e através dos dados disponibilizados pela Estação Meteorológica da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP de Botucatu, campus Lageado. Os níveis de radiação ionizante natural, e os parâmetros ambientais foram medidos em diferentes locais da cidade de Botucatu. Para as medidas foram usados dois diferentes detectores do tipo Geiger Muller (GM), dosímetros termoluminescentes (TLDs) e uma estação meteorológica portátil. O quantitativo de incidência de tumores de pele na cidade de Botucatu foi pesquisado junto às informações disponíveis da Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia. As medidas experimentais, tanto com os detectores GM como com os TLDs, não permitem estabelecer um coeficiente de correlação significativa entre a altitude e condições ambientais dos pontos de medidas e as leituras do nível de radiação. ; This study aimed to: quantify the levels of exposure of solar radiation and ionizing radiation (IR) in the Botucatu region, analyze the possible correlations to atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, altitude and temperature (environmental parameters); inform the regional community about the risks of solar ...

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  • Authors: Pinheiro, Rafael Sanaiotte;

    Biodiesel is considered as a viable alternative to partially replace fossil fuels. The manufacture process of biodiesel produces approximately 10% glycerin, the main byproduct. Due to the growth of the biodiesel industry in Brazil and abroad, the high volumes of glycerin become a bottleneck in this chain, given that currently use the glycerin market serves a very narrow and specific. Many efforts have been directed to find strategic alternatives for the sustainable use of biodiesel derived glycerin. The competitiveness of the production chain, which originates with the glycerin byproduct of the manufacture of biodiesel, has as one of its determinants identifying technological routes and products to intensify the consumption of this product. In this dissertation, the goal was to determine how it is being done to manage technological innovation and progress in the identification and discussion of the influence which the glycerin is delivering on the biodiesel production chain, seeking possible ways to increase both competitiveness of Brazilian production chain glycerin and biodiesel. To achieve this, interviews were conducted with biodiesel producers, producers and consumers of glycerin and laboratories and research institutes. These interviews were conducted with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire. A documentary analysis on patents involving the object of study was also performed to verify the main uses found for glycerin. With this, through a chain mapping of glycerol, was described and analyzed the dynamics of their operation and also identified the players who participate directly and indirectly, as well as the productive chains of biodiesel and glycerin are dealing with the management technological innovation aimed at the production thereof. By analyzing the factors of firm strategy, industry standard, technology transfer, leadership, opportunity, appropriability and cumulative, and also with the emergence of new businesses and new markets for the sector was possible to identify a great technological ...

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Correia, José Rafael Louro Santos;

    Dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Eletrotécnica na Área de especialização de Energia O presente trabalho tem como objetivo efetuar o estudo da energia produzida por um sistema de concentração fotovoltaico CPV que utiliza módulos com células de multijunção. Estas células permitem aproveitar uma maior amplitude do espectro de radiação solar pela utilização de materiais semicondutores com diferentes larguras de banda. A utilização de lentes para a concentração da radiação solar permite ainda aumentar o fluxo de fotões que atingem a célula, utilizando para a mesma potência uma quantidade de material semicondutor muito menor. Apresenta-se um estudo comparativo entre esta tecnologia e a tecnologia convencional PV com módulos constituídos por células de silício. Conclui-se que a tecnologia CPV, apesar da utilização de células que têm o dobro da eficiência das de silício convencionais, ainda não consegue produzir mais energia por unidade de potência instalada, devido ao sistema de concentração permitir apenas a utilização da radiação direta que é 28% inferior à absorvida pelo sistema PV, no local em estudo. Sendo que as estas perdas, ainda se tem de juntar as perdas resultantes da refração da radiação nas lentes que constituem o concentrador (12-25%). The present work aims to study the energy produced by a CPV photovoltaic concentration system that uses modules with multijunction cells. These cells allow to take advantage of a greater amplitude of the solar radiation spectrum by using semiconductor materials with different bandgaps. The use of lenses for the concentration of solar radiation also allows to increase the flow of photons reaching the cell, using a much smaller amount of semiconductor material for the same power. It’s presented a comparative study between this technology and conventional PV technology with modules made of silicon cells. It is concluded that the CPV technology, despite the use of cells which have twice the efficiency of conventional silicon, still cannot produce more energy per unit of installed power, because the concentration system allows only the use of the direct radiation that is 28% lower than that absorbed by the PV system at the study site. To these losses, still must add the losses resulting from the refraction of the radiation in the lenses that constitute the concentrator (12-25%). N/A

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  • Authors: Terrazas, Werner Damião Morhy;

    Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR ; No presente trabalho, inicialmente foi feito um estudo da Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (RSM) que tem sido adotada com muita freqüência na otimização com várias aplicações na biotecnologia. Foi feita uma revisão na literatura científica dos conhecimentos existente, onde se priorizou as bases teóricas da RSM que consiste em: trabalho preliminar, onde são determinados as variáveis independentes e seus níveis; seleção do projeto experimental com a previsão e verificação da validade da equação do modelo e, representação gráfica da equação do modelo e determinação das condições ótimas de operação. Em seguida a RSM foi aplicada na otimização de biomassa pela levedura recombinante Pichia pastoris. Pichia pastoris que é uma levedura metilotrófica, geneticamente manipulada para expressar proteínas heterólogas que são de grande valor biotecnologico na pesquisa básica e em usos industriais na produção de grande variedade de proteínas heterólogas. Glicerol quinase (GK; EC 2.7.1.30) é uma enzima chave no metabolismo do glicerol e catalisa glicerol para glicerol-3- fosfato na biossíntese de fosfolípidos. Nessa etapa foi conduzido um estudo para determinar um meio otimizado para a produção de biomassa máxima pela recombinante Pichia pastoris com cultivo em frascos agitados usando 2,31% (p/v) de glicerol como fonte de carbono. A otimização foi realizada por metodologia de superfície de resposta (RSM). Em experimentos preliminares, realizados seguindo um planejamento Plackett-Burman, o conteúdo de glicerol (Gli) e tempo de crescimento (t) foram selecionados como os fatores mais importantes na produção de biomassa. Assim, os ensaios subsequentes foram realizados para a otimização da produção de biomassa, seguindo um delineamento composto central rotacionado. ; In this study, was initially used to study the response surface methodology (RSM) has been adopted frequently in optimization with many applications in biotechnology. A review ...

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    Authors: Steinbusch, Lina;

    Este trabalho foca-se no desenvolvimento de um projecto assente na sustentabilidade, tendo como base o ecoturismo, através da elaboração de um plano de negócios relativo a um eco parque de campismo no município de Sintra. O ecoturismo é uma forma de turismo responsável que se desenvolve em áreas naturais de forma a promover a preservação do ambiente e o bem-estar da população. Realizado algum enquadramento teórico sobre a sustentabilidade, o ecoturismo e o campismo, e explanada a metodologia utilizada, desenvolve-se posteriormente um plano de negócios para a criação de um eco parque de campismo na freguesia de Colares, próximo da Praia Grande. É objectivo deste parque a oferta de alojamento alternativo ao existente no município, em pleno contacto com a natureza, de modo a beneficiar, não só a economia e a população local, mas promovendo também actividades que incentivem e criem acções de conservação e preservação do ambiente. Pretende-se que as actividades propostas, que englobam passeios na região, amostras gastronómicas, workshops ecológicos, entre outros, beneficiem os visitantes e turistas, mas também a população residente. No âmbito do plano de negócios, após a apresentação do parque, realiza-se a análise dos principais mercados alvo e, de seguida, desenvolve-se o plano de marketing. No plano dos recursos humanos e no plano de operações que se seguem, aprofunda-se o conhecimento sobre o funcionamento do parque e suas actividades. Finaliza-se o estudo com o plano financeiro e as devidas conclusões, com base em todo o trabalho desenvolvido para este projecto de mestrado. This paper focuses on the development of a project based on sustainability, which centers on ecotourism, by drawing up a business plan for an eco-camping in the municipality of Sintra, in Portugal. Ecotourism is a responsible form of tourism that develops in natural areas in order to promote the preservation of the environment and the people's well-being. Once presented the theoretical framework on sustainability, ecotourism and camping, and explained the methodology employed, a business plan is elaborated for the creation of an eco-camping in Colares, near Praia Grande. The purpose of this camping park is to offer an alternative accommodation to those existing in Sintra, in plain contact with nature, in order to benefit the economy and local population, by also developing activities that promote and create actions for the preservation and conservation of the environment. It is intended that the proposed activities, which include, among others, tours in the region and environmental oriented workshops, will benefit visitors and tourists, as also the resident population. Under the business plan, following the presentation of the park, an analysis of the main target markets is carried out, giving rise to the development of a marketing plan. The human resources plan and the operations plan, which follow, deepen the knowledge of the workings of the park and its activities. The study finishes with the financial plan and the necessary conclusions based on all the work involved in this master degree project.

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    Repositório Comum
    Master thesis . 2014
    Data sources: Repositório Comum
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      Repositório Comum
      Master thesis . 2014
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  • Authors: Londero, Bruno Alex;

    Trabalho de conclusão de curso (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Curso de Direito, RS, 2013. ; The quest for inclusion of sustainability criteria in government procurement is current and recurring theme in discussions of public administration itself, private companies and citizens. This work enters precisely this context, where the gradual opening of public information to internal and external users and the adoption of practices of economic, social and environmental sustainability become rule, under the social and normative light. The problem that instigates the present work is the search for knowing what the national and international regulatory substrates that support the Brazilian legislation in relation to sustainable procurement, developments and prospects in the effectiveness of such measures. Initially, approaches to sustainability and environmental issues in the international legal system and government procurement in the context of the Brazilian Public Administration Reforms. Subsequently, an analysis of the contemporary aspects of sustainability in the regulatory system of the Brazilian Federal Public Administration is performed as well as the importance of promoting transparency and public access to environmental information for the exercise of conscious social control. Finally, we analyzed the main obstacles and opportunities to effect sustainability in public procurement. What is noticeable is the concern of the legislature to provide the State with ever more comprehensive and improved generation, storage and disclosure of information mechanisms. Deserves greater attention to invest in public policy in the area of environment and awareness of citizens and of companies , accustomed to public affairs area, in order to increase the volume of public procurement to adopt benchmarks tied to criteria of economic , social and environmental sustainability. ; A busca pela inclusão de critérios sustentáveis nas compras governamentais é tema atual e ...

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  • Authors: Moraes, Paula Glazielli Paulino;

    Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Pós-graduação em Química - IBILCE ; This work describes the synthesis and characterization of cobalt aluminate powder with spinel structure, evaluating the evolution of the microstructure, crystallographic parameters, chemical bonds, electronic properties and of colors presented by materials as a function of the calcination temperature of powders. The influence of decrease of Al+3 ions in the system properties was also investigated. It was analyzed the catalytic potential of the aluminates for the synthesis of biodiesel. Also, it was analyzed the photocatalytic potential of the CoAl2O4, as well as of the CoAl2O4 in the presence of activated carbon (CoAl2O4/CA) in the degradation of methylene blue dye. Powders of stoichiometric cobalt aluminate, CoAl2O4, and non-stoichiometric, CoAl1,875O4- and CoAl1,75O4-, were prepared by modified polyol method and calcined at different temperatures. The powders were characterized by thermal analysis (TG/DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy and Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopy in the UV-Visible region. The results showed a strong influence of the temperature of calcination over the properties of the powders. The cobalt aluminate is formed in larger quantities at 1000 °C. On the other hand, the decreasing of the amount of Al+3 ions difficults the formation of this phase. Infrared and Raman spectra of the powders showed bands below 800 cm-1 related to the vibrations of Co–O and Al–O bonds. From Rietveld structural refinement was found a small degree of spinel inversion structure also confirmed by spectroscopic analyzes. The values of band gap energy derived using Kubelka-Munk equation and Tauc graphic method are between 1.5-1.9 eV. The infrared spectra of the products of the catalytic reaction for biodiesel production showed slight modifications compared to the spectrum of the oil used as reagent, which may be indicative of the formation of biodiesel. ...

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  • Authors: Moraes, Agatha Ronkovisk UNIFESP;

    A energia elétrica é um insumo básico e essencial no mundo moderno. Após a liberação do setor elétrico de energia no Brasil, a partir dos anos 90, e da separação das atividades de geração, transmissão, distribuição e comercialização de energia, atualmente, a contratação de energia no país está dividida em dois ambientes, o Ambiente de Contratação Regulada e o Ambiente de Contratação Livre. A presente monografia objetiva explicar como atua o mercado livre de energia elétrica brasileiro e as mudanças que ocorrem com introdução dos derivativos de energia em circulação, sendo elas: os menores custos e riscos nas negociações, menor tributação e burocracia e maior acessibilidade aos agentes, a redução do tempo de fechamento de posições, aumento do giro contratual e consequentemente aumento da liquidez em negociação dos contratos. Para isso, além de explicar como funciona o setor elétrico brasileiro e explicitar algumas possíveis falhas, é feita uma comparação entre o mercado brasileiro e o mercado britânico. Essa comparação é baseada no índice de liquidez mais utilizado em mercados de commodities que é o índice de rotatividade. O estudo evidencia que ainda há muito a se evoluir na estruturação do setor elétrico brasileiro, e os tipos de derivativos apresentados aqui são só o começo dessa transformação de mercado. Quanto mais maduro o mercado se tornar, mais produtos financeiros vão surgir e outras mudanças serão necessárias. ; Electric energy is a basic and essential input in the modern world. From 1990 onwards, after the release of the electric energy sector in Brazil and its separation of the activities of generation, transmission, distribution and commercialization, energy contracting in the country is divided into two environments currently: The Regulated Contracting Environment and the Free Contracting Environment. This monograph aims to explain how the free market of Brazilian electricity operates and demonstrate the changes that occur with the introduction of energy derivatives in circulation, which are: lower ...

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    Authors: Alves, Inês Carlos; Azenha, Miguel; Lucas, Cândida; Granja, José Luís Duarte;

    A produção de biodiesel tem como subproduto o glicerol bruto que tem grau de pureza da ordem de 80%-88% em glicerol e é produzido num rácio de 1:10 (em massa) em relação à produção de biodiesel. No presente estudo pretendeu-se avaliar a possibilidade do uso deste subproduto em estado de pureza intermédio como aditivo para materiais cimentícios. É apresentado um estudo experimental sistemático relativo a propriedades mecânicas e físicas de pastas de cimento e argamassas, e apontados os principais benefícios que podem ser obtidos com o recurso a este sub-produto. O programa experimental permitiu observar comportamentos semelhantes aos que se obtêm com recurso a aceleradores de presa / anticongelantes comerciais. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

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  • Authors: CORDEIRO, Luiz Filipe Alves;

    O presente estudo, objetiva analisar o atual planejamento do sistema elétrico brasileiro e apontar propostas que visam diversificar a matriz energética brasileira, trazendo como benefícios um sistema robusto que proporcione a redução gradual dos custos de geração, confiabilidade no fornecimento pela tecnologia adequada e por está mais próximo dos centros de carga e por fim, a redução dos impactos ambientais através da redução das emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE). Esse trabalho procura avaliar os potenciais do sistema elétrico e propor ações mitigadoras tanto no consumo de energia elétrica com o auxílio das redes neurais artificiais como na geração com a proposta de possibilitar ao Operador Nacional do Sistema (ONS) a otimização do planejamento minimizando CO2. ; The present study aims to analyze the current planning of the Brazilian electrical system and point proposals to diversify the Brazilian energy matrix, bringing benefits as a robust system that provides a gradual reduction of generation costs, reliability of supply by appropriate technology and is more near the load centers and finally the reduction of environmental impacts by reducing emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs). This study evaluates the potential of the electric system and propose mitigating actions in power consumption based in artificial neural networks and help to the generation with the proposal to enable the ONS (National Electric System Operator) to optimize the planning minimizing CO2.

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  • Authors: Perger, Edson Luiz Pontes;

    Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB ; Este trabalho teve como objetivos: quantificar os níveis de exposição das radiações solares e das radiações ionizantes (RI) na região de Botucatu, analisar as possíveis correlações à pressão atmosférica, umidade relativa do ar, altitude e temperatura (parâmetros ambientais); quantificar a incidência e tipos de lesões cutâneas mais diagnosticadas na região; informar a comunidade regional sobre os riscos de exposição às radiações solares e ionizantes e os fatores que influenciam na incidência de lesões cutâneas e suas formas de prevenção e tratamento. O trabalho apresenta ainda uma estimativa de gastos com os tratamentos de câncer de pele no Estado de São Paulo. Os níveis de incidência da radiação solar Global, Difusa e Direta na região de Botucatu, foram obtidos junto aos institutos especializados por meio dos ambientes virtuais e através dos dados disponibilizados pela Estação Meteorológica da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP de Botucatu, campus Lageado. Os níveis de radiação ionizante natural, e os parâmetros ambientais foram medidos em diferentes locais da cidade de Botucatu. Para as medidas foram usados dois diferentes detectores do tipo Geiger Muller (GM), dosímetros termoluminescentes (TLDs) e uma estação meteorológica portátil. O quantitativo de incidência de tumores de pele na cidade de Botucatu foi pesquisado junto às informações disponíveis da Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia. As medidas experimentais, tanto com os detectores GM como com os TLDs, não permitem estabelecer um coeficiente de correlação significativa entre a altitude e condições ambientais dos pontos de medidas e as leituras do nível de radiação. ; This study aimed to: quantify the levels of exposure of solar radiation and ionizing radiation (IR) in the Botucatu region, analyze the possible correlations to atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, altitude and temperature (environmental parameters); inform the regional community about the risks of solar ...

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  • Authors: Pinheiro, Rafael Sanaiotte;

    Biodiesel is considered as a viable alternative to partially replace fossil fuels. The manufacture process of biodiesel produces approximately 10% glycerin, the main byproduct. Due to the growth of the biodiesel industry in Brazil and abroad, the high volumes of glycerin become a bottleneck in this chain, given that currently use the glycerin market serves a very narrow and specific. Many efforts have been directed to find strategic alternatives for the sustainable use of biodiesel derived glycerin. The competitiveness of the production chain, which originates with the glycerin byproduct of the manufacture of biodiesel, has as one of its determinants identifying technological routes and products to intensify the consumption of this product. In this dissertation, the goal was to determine how it is being done to manage technological innovation and progress in the identification and discussion of the influence which the glycerin is delivering on the biodiesel production chain, seeking possible ways to increase both competitiveness of Brazilian production chain glycerin and biodiesel. To achieve this, interviews were conducted with biodiesel producers, producers and consumers of glycerin and laboratories and research institutes. These interviews were conducted with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire. A documentary analysis on patents involving the object of study was also performed to verify the main uses found for glycerin. With this, through a chain mapping of glycerol, was described and analyzed the dynamics of their operation and also identified the players who participate directly and indirectly, as well as the productive chains of biodiesel and glycerin are dealing with the management technological innovation aimed at the production thereof. By analyzing the factors of firm strategy, industry standard, technology transfer, leadership, opportunity, appropriability and cumulative, and also with the emergence of new businesses and new markets for the sector was possible to identify a great technological ...

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Correia, José Rafael Louro Santos;

    Dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Eletrotécnica na Área de especialização de Energia O presente trabalho tem como objetivo efetuar o estudo da energia produzida por um sistema de concentração fotovoltaico CPV que utiliza módulos com células de multijunção. Estas células permitem aproveitar uma maior amplitude do espectro de radiação solar pela utilização de materiais semicondutores com diferentes larguras de banda. A utilização de lentes para a concentração da radiação solar permite ainda aumentar o fluxo de fotões que atingem a célula, utilizando para a mesma potência uma quantidade de material semicondutor muito menor. Apresenta-se um estudo comparativo entre esta tecnologia e a tecnologia convencional PV com módulos constituídos por células de silício. Conclui-se que a tecnologia CPV, apesar da utilização de células que têm o dobro da eficiência das de silício convencionais, ainda não consegue produzir mais energia por unidade de potência instalada, devido ao sistema de concentração permitir apenas a utilização da radiação direta que é 28% inferior à absorvida pelo sistema PV, no local em estudo. Sendo que as estas perdas, ainda se tem de juntar as perdas resultantes da refração da radiação nas lentes que constituem o concentrador (12-25%). The present work aims to study the energy produced by a CPV photovoltaic concentration system that uses modules with multijunction cells. These cells allow to take advantage of a greater amplitude of the solar radiation spectrum by using semiconductor materials with different bandgaps. The use of lenses for the concentration of solar radiation also allows to increase the flow of photons reaching the cell, using a much smaller amount of semiconductor material for the same power. It’s presented a comparative study between this technology and conventional PV technology with modules made of silicon cells. It is concluded that the CPV technology, despite the use of cells which have twice the efficiency of conventional silicon, still cannot produce more energy per unit of installed power, because the concentration system allows only the use of the direct radiation that is 28% lower than that absorbed by the PV system at the study site. To these losses, still must add the losses resulting from the refraction of the radiation in the lenses that constitute the concentrator (12-25%). N/A

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  • Authors: Terrazas, Werner Damião Morhy;

    Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) ; Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR ; No presente trabalho, inicialmente foi feito um estudo da Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (RSM) que tem sido adotada com muita freqüência na otimização com várias aplicações na biotecnologia. Foi feita uma revisão na literatura científica dos conhecimentos existente, onde se priorizou as bases teóricas da RSM que consiste em: trabalho preliminar, onde são determinados as variáveis independentes e seus níveis; seleção do projeto experimental com a previsão e verificação da validade da equação do modelo e, representação gráfica da equação do modelo e determinação das condições ótimas de operação. Em seguida a RSM foi aplicada na otimização de biomassa pela levedura recombinante Pichia pastoris. Pichia pastoris que é uma levedura metilotrófica, geneticamente manipulada para expressar proteínas heterólogas que são de grande valor biotecnologico na pesquisa básica e em usos industriais na produção de grande variedade de proteínas heterólogas. Glicerol quinase (GK; EC 2.7.1.30) é uma enzima chave no metabolismo do glicerol e catalisa glicerol para glicerol-3- fosfato na biossíntese de fosfolípidos. Nessa etapa foi conduzido um estudo para determinar um meio otimizado para a produção de biomassa máxima pela recombinante Pichia pastoris com cultivo em frascos agitados usando 2,31% (p/v) de glicerol como fonte de carbono. A otimização foi realizada por metodologia de superfície de resposta (RSM). Em experimentos preliminares, realizados seguindo um planejamento Plackett-Burman, o conteúdo de glicerol (Gli) e tempo de crescimento (t) foram selecionados como os fatores mais importantes na produção de biomassa. Assim, os ensaios subsequentes foram realizados para a otimização da produção de biomassa, seguindo um delineamento composto central rotacionado. ; In this study, was initially used to study the response surface methodology (RSM) has been adopted frequently in optimization with many applications in biotechnology. A review ...

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    Authors: Steinbusch, Lina;

    Este trabalho foca-se no desenvolvimento de um projecto assente na sustentabilidade, tendo como base o ecoturismo, através da elaboração de um plano de negócios relativo a um eco parque de campismo no município de Sintra. O ecoturismo é uma forma de turismo responsável que se desenvolve em áreas naturais de forma a promover a preservação do ambiente e o bem-estar da população. Realizado algum enquadramento teórico sobre a sustentabilidade, o ecoturismo e o campismo, e explanada a metodologia utilizada, desenvolve-se posteriormente um plano de negócios para a criação de um eco parque de campismo na freguesia de Colares, próximo da Praia Grande. É objectivo deste parque a oferta de alojamento alternativo ao existente no município, em pleno contacto com a natureza, de modo a beneficiar, não só a economia e a população local, mas promovendo também actividades que incentivem e criem acções de conservação e preservação do ambiente. Pretende-se que as actividades propostas, que englobam passeios na região, amostras gastronómicas, workshops ecológicos, entre outros, beneficiem os visitantes e turistas, mas também a população residente. No âmbito do plano de negócios, após a apresentação do parque, realiza-se a análise dos principais mercados alvo e, de seguida, desenvolve-se o plano de marketing. No plano dos recursos humanos e no plano de operações que se seguem, aprofunda-se o conhecimento sobre o funcionamento do parque e suas actividades. Finaliza-se o estudo com o plano financeiro e as devidas conclusões, com base em todo o trabalho desenvolvido para este projecto de mestrado. This paper focuses on the development of a project based on sustainability, which centers on ecotourism, by drawing up a business plan for an eco-camping in the municipality of Sintra, in Portugal. Ecotourism is a responsible form of tourism that develops in natural areas in order to promote the preservation of the environment and the people's well-being. Once presented the theoretical framework on sustainability, ecotourism and camping, and explained the methodology employed, a business plan is elaborated for the creation of an eco-camping in Colares, near Praia Grande. The purpose of this camping park is to offer an alternative accommodation to those existing in Sintra, in plain contact with nature, in order to benefit the economy and local population, by also developing activities that promote and create actions for the preservation and conservation of the environment. It is intended that the proposed activities, which include, among others, tours in the region and environmental oriented workshops, will benefit visitors and tourists, as also the resident population. Under the business plan, following the presentation of the park, an analysis of the main target markets is carried out, giving rise to the development of a marketing plan. The human resources plan and the operations plan, which follow, deepen the knowledge of the workings of the park and its activities. The study finishes with the financial plan and the necessary conclusions based on all the work involved in this master degree project.

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    Repositório Comum
    Master thesis . 2014
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  • Authors: Londero, Bruno Alex;

    Trabalho de conclusão de curso (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Curso de Direito, RS, 2013. ; The quest for inclusion of sustainability criteria in government procurement is current and recurring theme in discussions of public administration itself, private companies and citizens. This work enters precisely this context, where the gradual opening of public information to internal and external users and the adoption of practices of economic, social and environmental sustainability become rule, under the social and normative light. The problem that instigates the present work is the search for knowing what the national and international regulatory substrates that support the Brazilian legislation in relation to sustainable procurement, developments and prospects in the effectiveness of such measures. Initially, approaches to sustainability and environmental issues in the international legal system and government procurement in the context of the Brazilian Public Administration Reforms. Subsequently, an analysis of the contemporary aspects of sustainability in the regulatory system of the Brazilian Federal Public Administration is performed as well as the importance of promoting transparency and public access to environmental information for the exercise of conscious social control. Finally, we analyzed the main obstacles and opportunities to effect sustainability in public procurement. What is noticeable is the concern of the legislature to provide the State with ever more comprehensive and improved generation, storage and disclosure of information mechanisms. Deserves greater attention to invest in public policy in the area of environment and awareness of citizens and of companies , accustomed to public affairs area, in order to increase the volume of public procurement to adopt benchmarks tied to criteria of economic , social and environmental sustainability. ; A busca pela inclusão de critérios sustentáveis nas compras governamentais é tema atual e ...

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  • Authors: Moraes, Paula Glazielli Paulino;

    Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Pós-graduação em Química - IBILCE ; This work describes the synthesis and characterization of cobalt aluminate powder with spinel structure, evaluating the evolution of the microstructure, crystallographic parameters, chemical bonds, electronic properties and of colors presented by materials as a function of the calcination temperature of powders. The influence of decrease of Al+3 ions in the system properties was also investigated. It was analyzed the catalytic potential of the aluminates for the synthesis of biodiesel. Also, it was analyzed the photocatalytic potential of the CoAl2O4, as well as of the CoAl2O4 in the presence of activated carbon (CoAl2O4/CA) in the degradation of methylene blue dye. Powders of stoichiometric cobalt aluminate, CoAl2O4, and non-stoichiometric, CoAl1,875O4- and CoAl1,75O4-, were prepared by modified polyol method and calcined at different temperatures. The powders were characterized by thermal analysis (TG/DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy and Diffuse Reflectance spectroscopy in the UV-Visible region. The results showed a strong influence of the temperature of calcination over the properties of the powders. The cobalt aluminate is formed in larger quantities at 1000 °C. On the other hand, the decreasing of the amount of Al+3 ions difficults the formation of this phase. Infrared and Raman spectra of the powders showed bands below 800 cm-1 related to the vibrations of Co–O and Al–O bonds. From Rietveld structural refinement was found a small degree of spinel inversion structure also confirmed by spectroscopic analyzes. The values of band gap energy derived using Kubelka-Munk equation and Tauc graphic method are between 1.5-1.9 eV. The infrared spectra of the products of the catalytic reaction for biodiesel production showed slight modifications compared to the spectrum of the oil used as reagent, which may be indicative of the formation of biodiesel. ...

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  • Authors: Moraes, Agatha Ronkovisk UNIFESP;

    A energia elétrica é um insumo básico e essencial no mundo moderno. Após a liberação do setor elétrico de energia no Brasil, a partir dos anos 90, e da separação das atividades de geração, transmissão, distribuição e comercialização de energia, atualmente, a contratação de energia no país está dividida em dois ambientes, o Ambiente de Contratação Regulada e o Ambiente de Contratação Livre. A presente monografia objetiva explicar como atua o mercado livre de energia elétrica brasileiro e as mudanças que ocorrem com introdução dos derivativos de energia em circulação, sendo elas: os menores custos e riscos nas negociações, menor tributação e burocracia e maior acessibilidade aos agentes, a redução do tempo de fechamento de posições, aumento do giro contratual e consequentemente aumento da liquidez em negociação dos contratos. Para isso, além de explicar como funciona o setor elétrico brasileiro e explicitar algumas possíveis falhas, é feita uma comparação entre o mercado brasileiro e o mercado britânico. Essa comparação é baseada no índice de liquidez mais utilizado em mercados de commodities que é o índice de rotatividade. O estudo evidencia que ainda há muito a se evoluir na estruturação do setor elétrico brasileiro, e os tipos de derivativos apresentados aqui são só o começo dessa transformação de mercado. Quanto mais maduro o mercado se tornar, mais produtos financeiros vão surgir e outras mudanças serão necessárias. ; Electric energy is a basic and essential input in the modern world. From 1990 onwards, after the release of the electric energy sector in Brazil and its separation of the activities of generation, transmission, distribution and commercialization, energy contracting in the country is divided into two environments currently: The Regulated Contracting Environment and the Free Contracting Environment. This monograph aims to explain how the free market of Brazilian electricity operates and demonstrate the changes that occur with the introduction of energy derivatives in circulation, which are: lower ...

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    Authors: Alves, Inês Carlos; Azenha, Miguel; Lucas, Cândida; Granja, José Luís Duarte;

    A produção de biodiesel tem como subproduto o glicerol bruto que tem grau de pureza da ordem de 80%-88% em glicerol e é produzido num rácio de 1:10 (em massa) em relação à produção de biodiesel. No presente estudo pretendeu-se avaliar a possibilidade do uso deste subproduto em estado de pureza intermédio como aditivo para materiais cimentícios. É apresentado um estudo experimental sistemático relativo a propriedades mecânicas e físicas de pastas de cimento e argamassas, e apontados os principais benefícios que podem ser obtidos com o recurso a este sub-produto. O programa experimental permitiu observar comportamentos semelhantes aos que se obtêm com recurso a aceleradores de presa / anticongelantes comerciais. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

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  • Authors: CORDEIRO, Luiz Filipe Alves;

    O presente estudo, objetiva analisar o atual planejamento do sistema elétrico brasileiro e apontar propostas que visam diversificar a matriz energética brasileira, trazendo como benefícios um sistema robusto que proporcione a redução gradual dos custos de geração, confiabilidade no fornecimento pela tecnologia adequada e por está mais próximo dos centros de carga e por fim, a redução dos impactos ambientais através da redução das emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE). Esse trabalho procura avaliar os potenciais do sistema elétrico e propor ações mitigadoras tanto no consumo de energia elétrica com o auxílio das redes neurais artificiais como na geração com a proposta de possibilitar ao Operador Nacional do Sistema (ONS) a otimização do planejamento minimizando CO2. ; The present study aims to analyze the current planning of the Brazilian electrical system and point proposals to diversify the Brazilian energy matrix, bringing benefits as a robust system that provides a gradual reduction of generation costs, reliability of supply by appropriate technology and is more near the load centers and finally the reduction of environmental impacts by reducing emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs). This study evaluates the potential of the electric system and propose mitigating actions in power consumption based in artificial neural networks and help to the generation with the proposal to enable the ONS (National Electric System Operator) to optimize the planning minimizing CO2.

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