• Energy Research
• Ain Shams Engineering Journal close

Egypt abounds with multiple heritage sites that have lots of outstanding universal values (OUV). However, there are only 7 Egyptian heritage sites in the permanent list of UNESCO for world heritage. Egypt faces obstacles in registering world heritage sites as a result of the absence of a registration strategy to increase the Egyptian world heritage sites. Therefore, this paper aims propose a strategy to convert the heritage sites included in the tentative list of UNESCO to the permanent list in order to create an Egyptian guide for registration as the world heritage of UNESCO. The paper follows an analytical deduction approach based on the Geographic Information System maps for the city of Rashid. The results have been classified into four categories in light of the (OUV) and ease of rehabilitation as a world heritage. Nonetheless, the results prove that the proposed strategy will increase the world heritage sites in Egypt.

In this paper, the cascaded control scheme is introduced for the first time to the rotor stability problem. Cascaded excitation and governing control schemes are introduced to damp rotor oscillations. PID cascaded control is used for its popularity and effectiveness. These controllers will be fine-tuned using a novel metaheuristic optimization technique, namely the Marine Predator Algorithm; which mimics the movement of marine predators when foraging. This technique is popular for always converging to a constant stable point. Our study will be performed on two systems, the simple single machine to infinite bus power system and the popular IEEE-39 bus system to study both local and global oscillations, respectively. Results show the effectiveness of the new proposed cascaded control scheme compared to the conventional scheme in improving the damping of the rotor oscillations without the need of a power system stabilizer. Results are provided as time domain simulation via MATLAB/SIMULINK.

The novelty of this work represents in three main points. First, improved the quality of diesel fuel using bio-waste of coconut to produce modified ash activated carbon. The modified ash activated carbon is applied as an adsorbent to remove sulfur contain from diesel fuel to develop high quality diesel. The experimental depends on three hybrid treatments, namely; physical, chemical and mechanical. Among the noticeable achievements is that the rate of Sulphur adsorption is raised to about 37% without using any chemical reaction. The fixed bottom technology that is utilized in this work is adopted and tuned to deliver an environmentally friendly process, where the absorption of toxic gases is reduced leading to safer fuel utilization and therefore less pollution. Second, estimated physical properties of diesel are changing with the treatment time of diesel fuel to make active interaction with sulfur content. Third, employing the modified mathematical model to estimate and optimize the effect of the rate constants of adsorption and desorption of modified ash activated carbon on the concentration of solute for four treatments of physical and mechanical, water, solvent and carbonate potassium treatments are 4.128, 11.905, 2.061 and 2.06 respectively. Outcomes that obtained from mathematical model are compared with experimental results and a high degree of accuracy obtained for four treatments of physical and mechanical, water, solvent and carbonate potassium treatments are 89.69%, 91.998%, 90.979% and 91.15% respectively. Newton Raphson is optimizing technique applied to determine the optimal values of rate constants adsorption of the modified ash activated carbon for sulfur to increase the accuracy of the mathematical model for physical and mechanical, water, solvent and carbonate potassium treatments are 95.698%, 98.944%, 96.955% and 98.898% respectively. Still, further studies are required to accentuate with the results of this study using this new technique.

This paper presents a Super-Twisting Algorithm (STA) sliding mode control technique as an alternative to the conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) control system. This application is specifically in the context of a nonlinear Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS) device, which functions as a wave energy converter system (WECS) connected to the power grid. The main goal is dynamic performance enhancement of such wave energy systems under network disturbances. Two STA controllers are essential for the rectifier control system in the grid-connected system to capture the most power from waves while limiting losses in the AWS linear generator. In addition, four STA controllers are incorporated into the inverter control loop to preserve the DC link and common coupling voltages at the preset values. The Honey-Badger Algorithm (HBA) is applied for the optimization of gain parameters of the STA controllers, which are compared to the PI gains adjusted using the coot, the hybrid augmented grey wolf optimizer and cuckoo, and PSO search techniques to assess the worthiness of adopting this new control approach. The grid-connected AWS experiences a variety of faults, including symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults with successful and unsuccessful breaker reclosures. Finally, the system is experimentally validated using the OP4510 real-time simulator. The experimental results reveal that the HBA-STA controllers outperform PI controllers in omitting fluctuations in the regulated variables, making the STA a strong contender as a control method.

Photovoltaic systems are considered among the most promising renewable energy sources. This paper proposes a relatively new hybrid optimization technique to tune the PV system controller gains under normal conditions and dynamic irradiance. The introduced hybrid optimization technique combines both the Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) which has high exploration and the Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) which has high exploitation. Moreover, a comparison with various optimization approaches is presented to validate the efficacy of the proposed approach. The superiority of the proposed hybrid optimization technique is demonstrated in improving the PV system performance compared to other previously reported algorithms.

The present trend of miniaturization in various electronic devices has caused higher heat generation per unit area. Dissipation of highly concentrated heat from these devices is essentially required to ensure their safe and prolonged use. Therefore, consistent efforts are made to upgrade the cooling technology to meet the current requirements. The microchannel heat sink (MCHS) has gained much attention due to its inherent property of a higher surface area-to-volume ratio. The thermo-hydraulic performance of MCHS has been further improved by several methods including active and passive techniques. In this work, a comprehensive review of the literature is presented to discuss the prominent design modifications done in the MCHS to enhance the heat dissipation capacity using single-phase fluid flow. It was commonly observed that heat transfer enhancement usually occurs at the cost of pressure drop penalty and other flow complications; therefore, relevant parameters have been discussed to evaluate the design’s efficacy.

The objective of this research is to study the fatigue performance of reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams strengthened in shear with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composite. Experiments were conducted on RC beams with and without CFRP sheets bonded on their web surfaces and subjected to static and cycling loading. The obtained results showed that the strengthened beams could survive one million cycles of cyclic loading (=50% of maximum static load) with no apparent signs of damage (premature failure) demonstrating the effectiveness of CFRP strengthening system on extending the fatigue life of structures. Also, for beams having the same geometry, the applied strengthening technique can significantly enhance the cycling load particularly, in case of beams provided with U-jacket sheets. Moreover, although the failure mode for the different beams was a brittle one, the strengthened beams provided with U-jacket sheets approved an acceptable enhancement in the structural ductility.