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  • Energy Research
  • 7. Clean energy
  • 1. No poverty
  • Portuguese

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Zapparoli, Irene Domenes; Zapparoli, Irene Domenes;

    O ecoturismo está entre as novas atividades no meio rural e se apresenta como uma atividade alternativa para vencer os problemas sócio-econômicos. Assim questiona-se: como as novas atividades no meio rural, que vem ganhando destaque na região, são percebidas pela população? A metodologia se vale de fontes bibliográficas e base empírica. Para a elaboração deste estudo propõe-se um projeto de loteamento de chácaras para fins de ecoturismo, em Sertanópolis-Pr. Metodologia empregada para investigar a organização social se vale da ecologia humana. Com a ecologia humana estudam-se diferentes níveis de organização social durante a pesquisa. A pesquisa foi realizada em Sertanópolis, em outubro de 2003, através da aplicação de 312 questionários, aplicados aos moradores e entrevistas com o Diretor de Fazenda da Prefeitura Municipal e o Gerente da Associação Comercial. A arrecadação total do empreendimento em Imposto Predial e Territorial Urbano, por estimativa, é de R$ 765.310,00. Na região, o município possui apenas 0,55% da arrecadação em Imposto de Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços – ICMS, quantia insuficiente para qualquer estímulo em termos de políticas públicas. Dos entrevistados, 13,45% estavam desempregados, 40% ganham de 2 a 4 salários mínimos, 45% moram em casa alugada ou financiada. Com a implantação do parcelamento de lotes para fins de ecoturismo é possível estimar a criação de mais 700 postos de trabalho, que ocupariam mão-de-obra rural excedente.---------------------------------------------The environment (leisure place) is among the new activities in the rural area and to come as an alternative activity to solve the socio-economic problems. The factor that more it contributed to reduce total population went to the migration of great part of the rural population for other states and not for the urban area, as it happened with adjacent cities. First of all is questioned: How the new activities in the rural way? What does come to engaging importance in the area? How is this appear by the population? The methodology is been significance of bibliographical sources and empiric data. The elaboration of this study intends a project of division into lots of small farms for leisure place in Sertanópolis-Pr. Methodology used to investigate the social organization is been importance of the human ecology. With the human ecology it is studied different levels of social organization during the research. The research was consummate in Sertanópolis, in October of 2003, through the application of 312 questionnaires, applied to the residents and interviews with the Director of Finance of the Municipal City and the Manager of the Commercial Association. The total collection of the enterprise in rates, for estimate, it is of R$ 765.310,00. In the area, the Sertanópolis possesses only 0,55% of the collection in tax (ICMS), insufficient amount for any incentive in terms of public politics. The interviewees show that, 13,45% were unemployed, 40% receive 2 to 4 minimum wages, 45% live rented home or financed. With the implantation of area for leisure place is possible to creation more 700 workstations, that would occupy additional rural labour.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2008
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
      Other literature type . 2008
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dias, Inês Patrícia Caleiras;

    Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Gestão apresentado à Faculdade de Economia No âmbito do Mestrado em Gestão da Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra, foi elaborado o presente documento que reflete o estágio curricular de 4 meses realizado na EDP-Gestão da Produção. A temática da RSE, escolhida como foco do presente relatório, surge por ter emergido como uma preocupação central a vários dos assuntos abordados durante o estágio e por se considerar um tema central para a empresa EDP, desde logo por fazer parte do Índice de Sustentabilidade Dow Jones. O objetivo do trabalho é o desenvolvimento das principais temáticas da RSE, apresentando-se a evolução conceptual, os principais modelos teóricos e a sistematização das teorias, assim como a abordagem Europeia e Nacional à RSE, a distinção dos conceitos de RSE, Sustentabilidade e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, as vantagens da implementação da RSE e os instrumentos e ferramentas que são utilizados pelas empresas – normas internacionais, relatórios de sustentabilidade, GRI Standards e índices de RSE. Por fim, analisa-se o impacto da RSE nas comunidades locais, recorrendo ao estudo do Relatório de Sustentabilidade da EDP. Pode-se inferir que as práticas de RSE têm um impacto bastante positivo nas comunidades locais, quer ao nível do seu bem-estar quer ao nível do desenvolvimento económico e que o desenvolvimento e investimento em práticas de Responsabilidade Social tem também um retorno positivo para a empresa. A EDP tem um elevado comprometimento com as comunidades locais ao desenvolver um conjunto de programas de investimento social, assumindo a sustentabilidade no seu ADN e contribuindo ativamente e de forma voluntária para os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). As part of the Master’s degree in Management at the Faculty of Economics of the University of Coimbra, this document was prepared to reflect the curricular internship of 4 months held at EDP-Production Management. The theme of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), chosen as the focus of this report, emerged as a central concern to several of the issues addressed during the internship and because it is considered a central theme for the EDP company, since it is part of the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. The aim of the work is the development of the main themes of CSR, presenting the conceptual evolution, the main theoretical models and the systematization of theories, as well as the European and National approach to CSR, the distinction of the concepts of CSR, Sustainability and Sustainable Development, the advantages of the implementation of CSR and the tools that are used by companies – international standards, sustainability reports, GRI Standards and CSR indexes. Finally, the impact of CSR on local communities is analyzed, using the study of EDP’s Sustainability Report. It can be inferred that CSR practices have a very positive impact on local communities, both in terms of their well-being and in terms of economic development and that the development and investment in Social Responsibility practices also have a positive return on the company. EDP has a high commitment to local communities by developing a set of social investment programs, assuming sustainability in its DNA and contributing actively and voluntarily to the Sustainable Development Goals.

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    Estudo Geral
    Master thesis . 2021
    Data sources: Estudo Geral
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      Estudo Geral
      Master thesis . 2021
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  • Authors: Cunha, Dênis Antônio Da; Coelho, Alexandre Bragança; Féres, José Gustavo; Braga, Marcelo Jose; +6 Authors

    This paper aims to analyze whether Brazilian smallholder farmers who adopt irrigation methods would be more resilient to climate change when compared to smallholders producing rainfed crops. We developed a treatment effects model, based in the Propensity Score Matching technique, which can explain irrigation adoption and net revenues simultaneously. Temperature and precipitation projections for 2010-2099 were used considering different climate scenarios according to the 4th Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Results confirmed the efficiency of irrigation as an adaptive strategy. For all simulation scenarios, land values of irrigators are, on average, approximately twice the value of rainfed smallholders. It can be concluded that there is need of public policies focused on developing strategies to cope with global warming effects in the agricultural sector. Moreover, given the importance of irrigation adoption as an adaptive measure, it is needed to encourage the expansion of credit lines for irrigation investments, especially for less capitalized farmers.

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  • Authors: Botelho Filho, Flavio Borges; Hernandez, Dora Isabel Murillo; Botelho Filho, Flavio Borges; Hernandez, Dora Isabel Murillo;

    O presente estudo tem por objetivo conhecer as caraterísticas atuais do mercado internacional dos biocombustíveis: etanol e biodiesel. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória que visa determinar a importância do mercado institucional dos países envolvidos na produção, consumo e comércio dos biocombustíveis. ----------------------The objective of this article is to know the current characteristics of international market of biofuels: ethanol and biodiesel. This is an explorative research to verify the importance of the institutional markets in the countries involved with biofuels production, consumption and trade.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Araújo, Sérgio Manuel Sampaio;

    Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia In photovoltaic solar systems in buildings, the mismatch between the energy generation and consumption leads to the need to inject energy into the grid, with a negative economic impact. To avoid it, the use of energy storage systems is increasingly important in order to store the surplus energy generation to be used in periods where the generation is lower than the consumption. Therefore, arises the need of intelligent control algorithms which, according to a predefined objective, ensure the correct management not only of the energy storage system, but also of the available solar resource.The main objective of this thesis was to analyse the impact of photovoltaic solar energy generation together with an energy storage system with lithium ion batteries in buildings of the services sector. For that, the building of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the University of Coimbra, which already has a photovoltaic solar system installed, was used as case study. The sizing of a possible expansion of the current photovoltaic system was done, as well as the sizing of a storage system with the aim to ensure reduction of costs with the purchased electricity. Thus, an intelligent control algorithm was implemented in MATLAB environment with the objective of managing and controlling the storage system to ensure the objectives of maximizing the self-consumption and minimizing costs with energy imported from the grid.Different scenarios were simulated and analysed, and through the analysis of the technical and economic availability it was possible to verify that the developed control strategies were successful, allowing to achieve good results regarding the reduction of the costs with the imported energy from the grid and the maximization of the self-consumption, as well as making the investment in the storage system cost-effective. Nos sistemas solares fotovoltaicos em edifícios o desajuste entre a produção de energia elétrica e o consumo leva à necessidade de injeção de energia na rede, com um impacto económico negativo. Para o evitar, é cada vez mais importante o uso de sistemas de armazenamento, com vista a armazenar a energia gerada em excesso de modo a esta ser utilizada em períodos onde a produção seja inferior ao consumo. Surge assim a necessidade de algoritmos de controlo inteligentes que, de acordo com um objetivo predefinido, assegurem a gestão correta não só do sistema de armazenamento, mas também do recurso solar disponível.O objetivo primordial desta dissertação foi analisar o impacto da geração de energia elétrica solar fotovoltaica em conjunto com um sistema de armazenamento de energia elétrica com baterias de iões de lítio em edifícios do setor dos serviços. Para tal, foi utilizado como objeto de estudo o edifício do Departamento de Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores da Universidade de Coimbra que conta já com um sistema solar fotovoltaico instalado. Foi realizado o dimensionamento de uma possível expansão do sistema atual, assim como o dimensionamento de um sistema de armazenamento que permita reduzir os custos com a compra de energia elétrica da rede. Assim, foi também implementado em ambiente MATLAB um algoritmo de controlo inteligente com o objetivo de fazer a gestão e controlo do sistema de armazenamento para assegurar os objetivos de maximização do autoconsumo e de minimização dos custos com a energia importada da rede.Foram simulados e analisados diferentes cenários e através da análise da viabilidade técnica e económica realizada foi possível constatar que as estratégias de controlo desenvolvidas foram bem-sucedidas, permitindo alcançar bons resultados relativos à redução dos custos com a importação de energia da rede e maximização do autoconsumo, assim como tornar rentável o investimento no sistema de armazenamento.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Estudo Geralarrow_drop_down
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    Estudo Geral
    Master thesis . 2018
    Data sources: Estudo Geral
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      Estudo Geral
      Master thesis . 2018
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sambuichi, Regina Helena Rosa; Galindo, Ernesto Pereira; Pereira, Rodrigo Mendes; Constantino, Michel; +1 Authors

    This paper analyzes the production diversity among Brazilian agricultural family farms, using the DAP (declaration of Pronaf entitlement). The diversity is measured with a Simpson index, that goes from zero, for monocultures, to one. Production is considerably diversified in these types of farms. 57% of them have a diversification index above 0,35, although it has been noticed an increase in specialization in recent years. The share of monoculture farms rose from 25% in 2012 to 33% in 2014. The diversification index is set as the dependent variable on a Tobit regression with variables that are commonly used to explain the decision to diversify, such as regional dummies, farm size, number of farms, farmer's age, income from social benefits, education, gross production, or a dummy for access to technical assistance. All of these variables have significant effects on production diversity. The results suggest a strong regional bias in terms of diversification, as well as the importance of technical assistance and the availability of technologies in order to spur diversification among family farmers.

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    EconStor
    Research . 2016
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      EconStor
      Research . 2016
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    Authors: Flambó, Tiago Miguel Albano;

    O desenvolvimento sustentável, como conceito fulcral para a sobrevivência do nosso planeta, engloba um conjunto de fatores dos quais a energia constitui uma parte vital. Esta ideia aparece inclusivamente vertida em diversos Objetivos do Desenvolvimentos Sustentável (ODS), tais como os Objetivos N.º 9, 11, 12 e 13. Os edifícios representam cerca de 50% do fenómeno de poluição ambiental, fruto do consumo energético inerente à sua utilização, que ascende a 41% de toda a energia primária produzida. Estes dados podem ser explicados pelo aumento da população mundial, a pouca reabilitação de edifícios a nível global e o exponencial aumento do consumo energético para suprir necessidades de aquecimento e arrefecimento de edifícios. Neste âmbito, considerou-se importante verificar a viabilidade de novas soluções que permitam criar estabilidade térmica dentro dos edifícios, como é o caso da aplicação de Materiais de Mudança de Fase (Phase Change Materials – PCM) em soluções construtivas. Os PCM apresentam uma comprovada capacidade de armazenamento térmico em comparação com as soluções tradicionais. Contudo, uma das grandes vantagens destes materiais reside na não necessidade de armazenamento de energia elétrica, mas sim o armazenamento da energia térmica do ambiente envolvente. A modelação da aplicação dos materiais num edifício-tipo e num edifício real, permitiu obter diferenças nas temperaturas de pico interiores de até 1 °C, bem como uma redução global de consumos energéticos entre 12% e 23%, para a espessura mínima dos PCM comerciais analisados. A introdução dos PCM permitiu, de igual forma, a redução da amplitude térmica interior, observando-se reduções até 83%. A adoção deste tipo de soluções leva a que seja possível obter reduções de emissões entre os 3,3% e os 33%, no edifício de mais baixa eficiência energética e entre os 2% e os 8%, para o caso de um edifício de maior eficiência energética. O período de retorno do investimento nestes materiais mostrou-se elevando, sendo um desafio ao vetor social da sustentabilidade. Sustainable development, as a key concept for the survival of our planet, includes a set of factors of which energy is a vital part. This idea also appears in several Sustainable Development Objectives (SDO), such as Objectives Nos. 9, 11, 12 and 13. Buildings represent about 50% of the environmental pollution phenomenon, resulting from the energy consumption inherent to its use, which amounts to 41% of all primary energy produced. This can be explained by the increase of the world population, the limited rehabilitation of buildings worldwide and the exponential increase in energy consumption, to meet heating and cooling needs of buildings. In this context it will be important to verify the viability of new solutions that allow thermal stability in buildings, such as the application of Phase Change Materials (PCM) in constructive solutions. PCM have proven thermal storage capacity compared to traditional coating solutions. However, one of the great advantages of these materials lies in the fact that they do not need to store electrical energy, but the storage of thermal energy from the surrounding environment. The application of the materials, in a simulated context, in a model building and in a real building, allowed to obtain differences in interior peak temperatures of up to 1 °C, as well as an overall reduction in energy consumption between 12% and 23%, for the minimum commercial thickness of the PCM used. The introduction of PCM also made it possible to reduce the interior temperature range, with reductions of up to 83% observed. About the environmental sustainability themes, the adoption of this type of solution led to emission reductions between 3.3% and 33%, in the low-efficiency building, and between 2% and 8%, for the most efficient building. The payback period for the investment in these materials need to be increased, representing a challenge to the social vector of sustainability.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ermida, Graça Patrícia de Azevedo;

    Este trabalho tem como principal objectivo analisar a política externa da Turquia e o relacionamento deste país com a União Europeia, o qual tem uma longa tradição histórica. Pela sua relevância para este relacionamento, é dada uma especial ênfase aos aspectos de política externa ligados com a segurança energética europeia. Desta forma, os particularismos da posição geoestratégica da Turquia e as suas relações com as regiões do Médio Oriente, Cáucaso e Ásia Central ocupam um lugar significativo na análise. Por último, procura-se ainda avaliar os eventuais benefícios que poderão resultar de uma adesão da Turquia à União Europeia, em especial no caso da segurança energética. Our main objective is to study Turkey´s foreign policy and its historical relationship with the European Union. Throughout this work, we emphasize aspects of foreign policy related to energy security. Thus, the special nature of Turkey's geostrategic position and its relations with the regions of the Middle East, Caucasus and Central Asia occupies a central place in this analysis. Finally, we seek to evaluate possible benefits that may result from Turkey´s accession to the European Union, especially regarding energy security.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Cardoso, André Filipe Silva;

    No município do Seixal, pretende-se estudar a implementação de um projeto para a produção de hidrogénio verde. Este projeto nasceu pela necessidade de responder às metas da descarbonização em Portugal, como sendo uma forte ferramenta para alcançarmos a desejada neutralidade carbónica. O projeto piloto tem como base a obtenção de hidrogénio verde para descarbonizar setores e eletrificar os mesmos de uma maneira “verde”. Neste âmbito, o município do Seixal está empenhado na criação de uma comunidade de energias renováveis para fornecimento de energia ao parque industrial do Seixal e dessa mesma energia verde, fazer uso por meio de um sistema eletrolisador para a obtenção de hidrogénio verde para várias finalidades. Desta forma, no presente projeto, após uma parte teórica acerca dos métodos de obtenção de hidrogénio, modos de utilização do mesmo, e contextualização do hidrogénio em Portugal, é proposto um estudo para aferir a forma mais rentável de utilização do hidrogénio resultante desse projeto piloto do município. Serão apresentados diferentes cenários, tais como a utilização do hidrogénio em três cadeias de valor, sendo estas power-to-mobility, power-to-gas e power-to-power e ainda dois contextos onde a energia utilizada na produção de hidrogénio tem proveniências distintas, um sistema fotovoltaico privado e outro comunitário. Todos os cenários apresentados por meio de uma análise financeira, resultam em valores que na atualidade permitem ser minimamente aceitáveis sem recurso a quaisquer incentivos monetários. No futuro, com o amadurecimento das tecnologias poderá ser possível obter resultados mais favoráveis, na medida em que os períodos de retorno do investimento nos vários cenários será inferior, conseguindo-se assim uma introdução do hidrogénio mais acessível nos vários setores económicos e uma economia cada vez mais neutra em carbono, indo de encontro às perspetivas europeias. This project was born from the necessity of achieving the decarbonization targets set in Portugal in order to reach the so desired carbon neutrality and as so, it is going to be investigated the implementation of a green hydrogen production project under Seixal’s municipality. The pilot project basis is established in the obtention of green hydrogen in order to decarbonize sectors and start the process of electrification in a green way. Additionally Seixal’s municipality is invested in the creation of a renewable energies community mainly focused to supply its own industrial complex, and use that same green energy through an electrolyser system in order to obtain green hydrogen for multiple purposes. Firstly, this project will introduce the process of hydrogen obtention, utilization and contextualization in Portugal, followed by a study to assess the best way, rate of return wise, to use the hydrogen sourced from the municipality’s pilot project. Several scenarios will be presented, such as the use of hydrogen in three chain values: power-to-mobility, power-to-gas and power-to-power. There are also two additional contexts where the energy used in the hydrogen production came from two distinct sources: a private photovoltaic system and a communitary one. All of the scenarios are presented through a financial analysis that result in actual minimal acceptable values with no financial incentives needed. However, futuristically, and technologically speaking, given the technological improvement on the equipment used, it is possible to obtain favourable results in such a way that the payback period on every scenario will be lower, hence making it an accessible insertion of hydrogen energy for all the economic sectors involved, contributing overall towards a more carbon neutral economy and therefore meeting the European set targets.

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    Repositório Comum
    Master thesis . 2022
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      Repositório Comum
      Master thesis . 2022
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  • Authors: Daubermann, Elaine Correa; Chagas, Lucas Squarize; Gurgel, Angelo Costa; Sakurai, Sérgio Naruhiko; +4 Authors

    We investigate the hypothesis that the conversion of forest and pasture land to cropland in Brazil decreases yields by 50%. Such hypothesis is being used by the California Air Resource Board to estimate the greenhouse gas emissions from indirect land use changes due to the expansion of biofuels production. We formulate several econometric models to test such hypothesis. The results from the majority of the models indicate that yields do not decrease under the expansion of cropland area in the country, or the decrease in yields is very small. Therefore, our results indicate the need for revising and correcting the parameters in the Californian low carbon emissions policy.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Zapparoli, Irene Domenes; Zapparoli, Irene Domenes;

    O ecoturismo está entre as novas atividades no meio rural e se apresenta como uma atividade alternativa para vencer os problemas sócio-econômicos. Assim questiona-se: como as novas atividades no meio rural, que vem ganhando destaque na região, são percebidas pela população? A metodologia se vale de fontes bibliográficas e base empírica. Para a elaboração deste estudo propõe-se um projeto de loteamento de chácaras para fins de ecoturismo, em Sertanópolis-Pr. Metodologia empregada para investigar a organização social se vale da ecologia humana. Com a ecologia humana estudam-se diferentes níveis de organização social durante a pesquisa. A pesquisa foi realizada em Sertanópolis, em outubro de 2003, através da aplicação de 312 questionários, aplicados aos moradores e entrevistas com o Diretor de Fazenda da Prefeitura Municipal e o Gerente da Associação Comercial. A arrecadação total do empreendimento em Imposto Predial e Territorial Urbano, por estimativa, é de R$ 765.310,00. Na região, o município possui apenas 0,55% da arrecadação em Imposto de Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços – ICMS, quantia insuficiente para qualquer estímulo em termos de políticas públicas. Dos entrevistados, 13,45% estavam desempregados, 40% ganham de 2 a 4 salários mínimos, 45% moram em casa alugada ou financiada. Com a implantação do parcelamento de lotes para fins de ecoturismo é possível estimar a criação de mais 700 postos de trabalho, que ocupariam mão-de-obra rural excedente.---------------------------------------------The environment (leisure place) is among the new activities in the rural area and to come as an alternative activity to solve the socio-economic problems. The factor that more it contributed to reduce total population went to the migration of great part of the rural population for other states and not for the urban area, as it happened with adjacent cities. First of all is questioned: How the new activities in the rural way? What does come to engaging importance in the area? How is this appear by the population? The methodology is been significance of bibliographical sources and empiric data. The elaboration of this study intends a project of division into lots of small farms for leisure place in Sertanópolis-Pr. Methodology used to investigate the social organization is been importance of the human ecology. With the human ecology it is studied different levels of social organization during the research. The research was consummate in Sertanópolis, in October of 2003, through the application of 312 questionnaires, applied to the residents and interviews with the Director of Finance of the Municipal City and the Manager of the Commercial Association. The total collection of the enterprise in rates, for estimate, it is of R$ 765.310,00. In the area, the Sertanópolis possesses only 0,55% of the collection in tax (ICMS), insufficient amount for any incentive in terms of public politics. The interviewees show that, 13,45% were unemployed, 40% receive 2 to 4 minimum wages, 45% live rented home or financed. With the implantation of area for leisure place is possible to creation more 700 workstations, that would occupy additional rural labour.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2008
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
      Other literature type . 2008
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dias, Inês Patrícia Caleiras;

    Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Gestão apresentado à Faculdade de Economia No âmbito do Mestrado em Gestão da Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra, foi elaborado o presente documento que reflete o estágio curricular de 4 meses realizado na EDP-Gestão da Produção. A temática da RSE, escolhida como foco do presente relatório, surge por ter emergido como uma preocupação central a vários dos assuntos abordados durante o estágio e por se considerar um tema central para a empresa EDP, desde logo por fazer parte do Índice de Sustentabilidade Dow Jones. O objetivo do trabalho é o desenvolvimento das principais temáticas da RSE, apresentando-se a evolução conceptual, os principais modelos teóricos e a sistematização das teorias, assim como a abordagem Europeia e Nacional à RSE, a distinção dos conceitos de RSE, Sustentabilidade e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, as vantagens da implementação da RSE e os instrumentos e ferramentas que são utilizados pelas empresas – normas internacionais, relatórios de sustentabilidade, GRI Standards e índices de RSE. Por fim, analisa-se o impacto da RSE nas comunidades locais, recorrendo ao estudo do Relatório de Sustentabilidade da EDP. Pode-se inferir que as práticas de RSE têm um impacto bastante positivo nas comunidades locais, quer ao nível do seu bem-estar quer ao nível do desenvolvimento económico e que o desenvolvimento e investimento em práticas de Responsabilidade Social tem também um retorno positivo para a empresa. A EDP tem um elevado comprometimento com as comunidades locais ao desenvolver um conjunto de programas de investimento social, assumindo a sustentabilidade no seu ADN e contribuindo ativamente e de forma voluntária para os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). As part of the Master’s degree in Management at the Faculty of Economics of the University of Coimbra, this document was prepared to reflect the curricular internship of 4 months held at EDP-Production Management. The theme of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), chosen as the focus of this report, emerged as a central concern to several of the issues addressed during the internship and because it is considered a central theme for the EDP company, since it is part of the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. The aim of the work is the development of the main themes of CSR, presenting the conceptual evolution, the main theoretical models and the systematization of theories, as well as the European and National approach to CSR, the distinction of the concepts of CSR, Sustainability and Sustainable Development, the advantages of the implementation of CSR and the tools that are used by companies – international standards, sustainability reports, GRI Standards and CSR indexes. Finally, the impact of CSR on local communities is analyzed, using the study of EDP’s Sustainability Report. It can be inferred that CSR practices have a very positive impact on local communities, both in terms of their well-being and in terms of economic development and that the development and investment in Social Responsibility practices also have a positive return on the company. EDP has a high commitment to local communities by developing a set of social investment programs, assuming sustainability in its DNA and contributing actively and voluntarily to the Sustainable Development Goals.

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    Estudo Geral
    Master thesis . 2021
    Data sources: Estudo Geral
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      Estudo Geral
      Master thesis . 2021
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  • Authors: Cunha, Dênis Antônio Da; Coelho, Alexandre Bragança; Féres, José Gustavo; Braga, Marcelo Jose; +6 Authors

    This paper aims to analyze whether Brazilian smallholder farmers who adopt irrigation methods would be more resilient to climate change when compared to smallholders producing rainfed crops. We developed a treatment effects model, based in the Propensity Score Matching technique, which can explain irrigation adoption and net revenues simultaneously. Temperature and precipitation projections for 2010-2099 were used considering different climate scenarios according to the 4th Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Results confirmed the efficiency of irrigation as an adaptive strategy. For all simulation scenarios, land values of irrigators are, on average, approximately twice the value of rainfed smallholders. It can be concluded that there is need of public policies focused on developing strategies to cope with global warming effects in the agricultural sector. Moreover, given the importance of irrigation adoption as an adaptive measure, it is needed to encourage the expansion of credit lines for irrigation investments, especially for less capitalized farmers.

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  • Authors: Botelho Filho, Flavio Borges; Hernandez, Dora Isabel Murillo; Botelho Filho, Flavio Borges; Hernandez, Dora Isabel Murillo;

    O presente estudo tem por objetivo conhecer as caraterísticas atuais do mercado internacional dos biocombustíveis: etanol e biodiesel. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória que visa determinar a importância do mercado institucional dos países envolvidos na produção, consumo e comércio dos biocombustíveis. ----------------------The objective of this article is to know the current characteristics of international market of biofuels: ethanol and biodiesel. This is an explorative research to verify the importance of the institutional markets in the countries involved with biofuels production, consumption and trade.

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    Authors: Araújo, Sérgio Manuel Sampaio;

    Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia In photovoltaic solar systems in buildings, the mismatch between the energy generation and consumption leads to the need to inject energy into the grid, with a negative economic impact. To avoid it, the use of energy storage systems is increasingly important in order to store the surplus energy generation to be used in periods where the generation is lower than the consumption. Therefore, arises the need of intelligent control algorithms which, according to a predefined objective, ensure the correct management not only of the energy storage system, but also of the available solar resource.The main objective of this thesis was to analyse the impact of photovoltaic solar energy generation together with an energy storage system with lithium ion batteries in buildings of the services sector. For that, the building of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the University of Coimbra, which already has a photovoltaic solar system installed, was used as case study. The sizing of a possible expansion of the current photovoltaic system was done, as well as the sizing of a storage system with the aim to ensure reduction of costs with the purchased electricity. Thus, an intelligent control algorithm was implemented in MATLAB environment with the objective of managing and controlling the storage system to ensure the objectives of maximizing the self-consumption and minimizing costs with energy imported from the grid.Different scenarios were simulated and analysed, and through the analysis of the technical and economic availability it was possible to verify that the developed control strategies were successful, allowing to achieve good results regarding the reduction of the costs with the imported energy from the grid and the maximization of the self-consumption, as well as making the investment in the storage system cost-effective. Nos sistemas solares fotovoltaicos em edifícios o desajuste entre a produção de energia elétrica e o consumo leva à necessidade de injeção de energia na rede, com um impacto económico negativo. Para o evitar, é cada vez mais importante o uso de sistemas de armazenamento, com vista a armazenar a energia gerada em excesso de modo a esta ser utilizada em períodos onde a produção seja inferior ao consumo. Surge assim a necessidade de algoritmos de controlo inteligentes que, de acordo com um objetivo predefinido, assegurem a gestão correta não só do sistema de armazenamento, mas também do recurso solar disponível.O objetivo primordial desta dissertação foi analisar o impacto da geração de energia elétrica solar fotovoltaica em conjunto com um sistema de armazenamento de energia elétrica com baterias de iões de lítio em edifícios do setor dos serviços. Para tal, foi utilizado como objeto de estudo o edifício do Departamento de Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores da Universidade de Coimbra que conta já com um sistema solar fotovoltaico instalado. Foi realizado o dimensionamento de uma possível expansão do sistema atual, assim como o dimensionamento de um sistema de armazenamento que permita reduzir os custos com a compra de energia elétrica da rede. Assim, foi também implementado em ambiente MATLAB um algoritmo de controlo inteligente com o objetivo de fazer a gestão e controlo do sistema de armazenamento para assegurar os objetivos de maximização do autoconsumo e de minimização dos custos com a energia importada da rede.Foram simulados e analisados diferentes cenários e através da análise da viabilidade técnica e económica realizada foi possível constatar que as estratégias de controlo desenvolvidas foram bem-sucedidas, permitindo alcançar bons resultados relativos à redução dos custos com a importação de energia da rede e maximização do autoconsumo, assim como tornar rentável o investimento no sistema de armazenamento.

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    Master thesis . 2018
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      Estudo Geral
      Master thesis . 2018
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    Authors: Sambuichi, Regina Helena Rosa; Galindo, Ernesto Pereira; Pereira, Rodrigo Mendes; Constantino, Michel; +1 Authors

    This paper analyzes the production diversity among Brazilian agricultural family farms, using the DAP (declaration of Pronaf entitlement). The diversity is measured with a Simpson index, that goes from zero, for monocultures, to one. Production is considerably diversified in these types of farms. 57% of them have a diversification index above 0,35, although it has been noticed an increase in specialization in recent years. The share of monoculture farms rose from 25% in 2012 to 33% in 2014. The diversification index is set as the dependent variable on a Tobit regression with variables that are commonly used to explain the decision to diversify, such as regional dummies, farm size, number of farms, farmer's age, income from social benefits, education, gross production, or a dummy for access to technical assistance. All of these variables have significant effects on production diversity. The results suggest a strong regional bias in terms of diversification, as well as the importance of technical assistance and the availability of technologies in order to spur diversification among family farmers.

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    Research . 2016
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      Research . 2016
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    Authors: Flambó, Tiago Miguel Albano;

    O desenvolvimento sustentável, como conceito fulcral para a sobrevivência do nosso planeta, engloba um conjunto de fatores dos quais a energia constitui uma parte vital. Esta ideia aparece inclusivamente vertida em diversos Objetivos do Desenvolvimentos Sustentável (ODS), tais como os Objetivos N.º 9, 11, 12 e 13. Os edifícios representam cerca de 50% do fenómeno de poluição ambiental, fruto do consumo energético inerente à sua utilização, que ascende a 41% de toda a energia primária produzida. Estes dados podem ser explicados pelo aumento da população mundial, a pouca reabilitação de edifícios a nível global e o exponencial aumento do consumo energético para suprir necessidades de aquecimento e arrefecimento de edifícios. Neste âmbito, considerou-se importante verificar a viabilidade de novas soluções que permitam criar estabilidade térmica dentro dos edifícios, como é o caso da aplicação de Materiais de Mudança de Fase (Phase Change Materials – PCM) em soluções construtivas. Os PCM apresentam uma comprovada capacidade de armazenamento térmico em comparação com as soluções tradicionais. Contudo, uma das grandes vantagens destes materiais reside na não necessidade de armazenamento de energia elétrica, mas sim o armazenamento da energia térmica do ambiente envolvente. A modelação da aplicação dos materiais num edifício-tipo e num edifício real, permitiu obter diferenças nas temperaturas de pico interiores de até 1 °C, bem como uma redução global de consumos energéticos entre 12% e 23%, para a espessura mínima dos PCM comerciais analisados. A introdução dos PCM permitiu, de igual forma, a redução da amplitude térmica interior, observando-se reduções até 83%. A adoção deste tipo de soluções leva a que seja possível obter reduções de emissões entre os 3,3% e os 33%, no edifício de mais baixa eficiência energética e entre os 2% e os 8%, para o caso de um edifício de maior eficiência energética. O período de retorno do investimento nestes materiais mostrou-se elevando, sendo um desafio ao vetor social da sustentabilidade. Sustainable development, as a key concept for the survival of our planet, includes a set of factors of which energy is a vital part. This idea also appears in several Sustainable Development Objectives (SDO), such as Objectives Nos. 9, 11, 12 and 13. Buildings represent about 50% of the environmental pollution phenomenon, resulting from the energy consumption inherent to its use, which amounts to 41% of all primary energy produced. This can be explained by the increase of the world population, the limited rehabilitation of buildings worldwide and the exponential increase in energy consumption, to meet heating and cooling needs of buildings. In this context it will be important to verify the viability of new solutions that allow thermal stability in buildings, such as the application of Phase Change Materials (PCM) in constructive solutions. PCM have proven thermal storage capacity compared to traditional coating solutions. However, one of the great advantages of these materials lies in the fact that they do not need to store electrical energy, but the storage of thermal energy from the surrounding environment. The application of the materials, in a simulated context, in a model building and in a real building, allowed to obtain differences in interior peak temperatures of up to 1 °C, as well as an overall reduction in energy consumption between 12% and 23%, for the minimum commercial thickness of the PCM used. The introduction of PCM also made it possible to reduce the interior temperature range, with reductions of up to 83% observed. About the environmental sustainability themes, the adoption of this type of solution led to emission reductions between 3.3% and 33%, in the low-efficiency building, and between 2% and 8%, for the most efficient building. The payback period for the investment in these materials need to be increased, representing a challenge to the social vector of sustainability.

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    Authors: Ermida, Graça Patrícia de Azevedo;

    Este trabalho tem como principal objectivo analisar a política externa da Turquia e o relacionamento deste país com a União Europeia, o qual tem uma longa tradição histórica. Pela sua relevância para este relacionamento, é dada uma especial ênfase aos aspectos de política externa ligados com a segurança energética europeia. Desta forma, os particularismos da posição geoestratégica da Turquia e as suas relações com as regiões do Médio Oriente, Cáucaso e Ásia Central ocupam um lugar significativo na análise. Por último, procura-se ainda avaliar os eventuais benefícios que poderão resultar de uma adesão da Turquia à União Europeia, em especial no caso da segurança energética. Our main objective is to study Turkey´s foreign policy and its historical relationship with the European Union. Throughout this work, we emphasize aspects of foreign policy related to energy security. Thus, the special nature of Turkey's geostrategic position and its relations with the regions of the Middle East, Caucasus and Central Asia occupies a central place in this analysis. Finally, we seek to evaluate possible benefits that may result from Turkey´s accession to the European Union, especially regarding energy security.

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    Authors: Cardoso, André Filipe Silva;

    No município do Seixal, pretende-se estudar a implementação de um projeto para a produção de hidrogénio verde. Este projeto nasceu pela necessidade de responder às metas da descarbonização em Portugal, como sendo uma forte ferramenta para alcançarmos a desejada neutralidade carbónica. O projeto piloto tem como base a obtenção de hidrogénio verde para descarbonizar setores e eletrificar os mesmos de uma maneira “verde”. Neste âmbito, o município do Seixal está empenhado na criação de uma comunidade de energias renováveis para fornecimento de energia ao parque industrial do Seixal e dessa mesma energia verde, fazer uso por meio de um sistema eletrolisador para a obtenção de hidrogénio verde para várias finalidades. Desta forma, no presente projeto, após uma parte teórica acerca dos métodos de obtenção de hidrogénio, modos de utilização do mesmo, e contextualização do hidrogénio em Portugal, é proposto um estudo para aferir a forma mais rentável de utilização do hidrogénio resultante desse projeto piloto do município. Serão apresentados diferentes cenários, tais como a utilização do hidrogénio em três cadeias de valor, sendo estas power-to-mobility, power-to-gas e power-to-power e ainda dois contextos onde a energia utilizada na produção de hidrogénio tem proveniências distintas, um sistema fotovoltaico privado e outro comunitário. Todos os cenários apresentados por meio de uma análise financeira, resultam em valores que na atualidade permitem ser minimamente aceitáveis sem recurso a quaisquer incentivos monetários. No futuro, com o amadurecimento das tecnologias poderá ser possível obter resultados mais favoráveis, na medida em que os períodos de retorno do investimento nos vários cenários será inferior, conseguindo-se assim uma introdução do hidrogénio mais acessível nos vários setores económicos e uma economia cada vez mais neutra em carbono, indo de encontro às perspetivas europeias. This project was born from the necessity of achieving the decarbonization targets set in Portugal in order to reach the so desired carbon neutrality and as so, it is going to be investigated the implementation of a green hydrogen production project under Seixal’s municipality. The pilot project basis is established in the obtention of green hydrogen in order to decarbonize sectors and start the process of electrification in a green way. Additionally Seixal’s municipality is invested in the creation of a renewable energies community mainly focused to supply its own industrial complex, and use that same green energy through an electrolyser system in order to obtain green hydrogen for multiple purposes. Firstly, this project will introduce the process of hydrogen obtention, utilization and contextualization in Portugal, followed by a study to assess the best way, rate of return wise, to use the hydrogen sourced from the municipality’s pilot project. Several scenarios will be presented, such as the use of hydrogen in three chain values: power-to-mobility, power-to-gas and power-to-power. There are also two additional contexts where the energy used in the hydrogen production came from two distinct sources: a private photovoltaic system and a communitary one. All of the scenarios are presented through a financial analysis that result in actual minimal acceptable values with no financial incentives needed. However, futuristically, and technologically speaking, given the technological improvement on the equipment used, it is possible to obtain favourable results in such a way that the payback period on every scenario will be lower, hence making it an accessible insertion of hydrogen energy for all the economic sectors involved, contributing overall towards a more carbon neutral economy and therefore meeting the European set targets.

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    Master thesis . 2022
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  • Authors: Daubermann, Elaine Correa; Chagas, Lucas Squarize; Gurgel, Angelo Costa; Sakurai, Sérgio Naruhiko; +4 Authors

    We investigate the hypothesis that the conversion of forest and pasture land to cropland in Brazil decreases yields by 50%. Such hypothesis is being used by the California Air Resource Board to estimate the greenhouse gas emissions from indirect land use changes due to the expansion of biofuels production. We formulate several econometric models to test such hypothesis. The results from the majority of the models indicate that yields do not decrease under the expansion of cropland area in the country, or the decrease in yields is very small. Therefore, our results indicate the need for revising and correcting the parameters in the Californian low carbon emissions policy.

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