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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Bachelor thesis 2014Publisher:Universitat Politècnica de València Authors: Ascoz Vicente, Ignacio;[ES] Este Trabajo Fin de Grado ahonda en la actual corriente de desarrollo de la eficiencia energética de los edificios y el ahorro del consumo de energía final. Estudia los equipos comerciales de micro-cogeneración para la producción de energía directamente por los usuarios finales. Se trata de producción local y autoconsumo de energía, lo cual permite conseguir un ahorro energético gracias a la reducción de pérdidas por transporte de la energía desde centrales convencionales a través de las redes de distribución hasta los consumidores finales. [EN] This Bachelor's thesis delves into the current development of the energy efficiency of buildings and the saving of the final energy consumption, studying equipments of commercial microgeneration, for the small-scale generation of heat and electric power by final users to meet their own needs. Microgeneration allows to reduce distribution losses of power from large power stations.
Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTABachelor thesis . 2014Data sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTABachelor thesis . 2014Data sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2020Publisher:UPB Authors: Trujillo Vera, Diego Alejandro; Lemaître Dahl, Sebastián;handle: 20.500.11912/7030
En este estudio, se desarrolló un análisis teórico de un ciclo de absorción de etapa simple con intercambiadores de calor de solución y de refrigerante y en la simulación se tendrá en consideración una cantidad significativa de parámetros de desempeño. Se realizaron ensayos con cuatro mezclas binarias de pares refrigerante – absorbente. Se variaron los parámetros de desempeño de estas soluciones y se compararon con las condiciones de operación de las unidades del ciclo. Los coeficientes de desempeño (COP) y la proporción de eficiencia del sistema se compararon con un rango amplio de temperaturas de generador, absorbedor, condensador y evaporador. La simulación del absorbedor y su representación con el modelo actual fue exitosa, la validez de los resultados de la simulación se estableció al compararlos con otros estudios, mostrando una buena concordancia. El estudio revela la viabilidad de utilizar los fluidos de trabajo NH3/LiNO3 y R134a/DMAC en sistemas de refrigeración por absorción que utilicen fuentes de calor de bajo potencial como alternativas a los fluidos de trabajo más tradicionales como el LiBr/H2O y el NH3/H2O ya que los COP obtenidos fueron de 0.57 y 0.41 respectivamente. In this paper, a theoretical analysis of a single stage absorption cycle was performed. Four binary mixtures consisting of refrigerant – absorbent were tested. The performance parameters of these solutions were varied and compared with the operation conditions of the cycle. The coefficients of performance (COP) and the efficiency ratio of the system were studied in a wide range of absorber, generator, condenser and evaporator temperatures. The simulation of the absorber and the overall system was successful and the validation of the results was established by comparing them with other studies, showing good agreement between them. The study reveals the viability of using NH3/LiNO3 and R134a/DMAC as alternative working fluids for single stage absorption systems using low potential heat sources, obtaining COP of 0.57 and 0.41 respectively. Medellín 23 p.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2012 SpainAuthors: Fernández-Tirado, Francisca; Parra-López, Carlos;handle: 10481/20561
El fomento de los biocarburantes ha constituido en los últimos años un tema de gran controversia y polémica a nivel académico, político y social, debido a las repercusiones ambientales, económicas y sociales que el uso y la producción de los mismos pueden desencadenar. Mientras la mayoría de los gobiernos están apostando por el fomento de los biocarburantes, principalmente para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y mejorar la seguridad en el abastecimiento de combustibles, numerosas voces están surgiendo en contra de los mismos, haciéndoles responsables de problemas tales como el aumento del precio de los alimentos. En la UE, la propuesta de Directiva relativa al fomento del uso de energía procedente de fuentes renovables, ha condicionado el fomento de los biocarburantes a la sostenibilidad de los mismos, con el objetivo de evitar graves repercusiones negativas. De esta forma los Estados miembros han de diseñar un sistema de apoyo para fomentar el uso de biocarburantes siempre que cumplan con una serie de criterios de sostenibilidad, previéndose un mayor soporte institucional a la producción y consumo de biocarburantes que aporten ventajas adicionales. En este trabajo se ha definido un modelo multicriterio para evaluar la sostenibilidad de la producción y consumo de los biocarburantes en España. Para definir el modelo se ha combinado una metodología de decisión multicriterio discreta, el proceso analítico jerárquico (AHP), con un sistema de indicadores, incluyendo una serie de criterios (ambientales, económicos y sociales) que una serie de expertos han considerado de relevancia en España para evaluar la sostenibilidad de los biocarburantes. AHP es una metodología que permite la resolución de problemas de toma de decisiones complejas, en las que existen múltiples criterios y actores implicados, en escenarios de gran incertidumbre y riesgo, como ocurre en el caso de los biocarburantes. El modelo aquí propuesto permite la evaluación de criterios y variables tanto en un contexto de ‘comparabilidad fuerte’ de valores (sistema de indicadores), como de ‘comparabilidad débil’ (AHP). Mientras los indicadores permiten una medición directa y exacta de las variables, cuando éstas existen o son posibles de calcular, la técnica AHP permite la comparación de variables inconmensurables, para las que no existe una unidad común de medida. El modelo permite establecer un orden de prioridades de naturaleza escalar del nivel de sostenibilidad de diferentes tipos de biocarburantes, que puede orientar a los decisores políticos para establecer un sistema de apoyo a los mismos, teniendo en cuenta tanto las ventajas como los inconvenientes económicos, ambientales y sociales que presentan unos biocarburantes con respecto a otros, tal y como señala la normativa europea. The promotion of biofuels is now a subject of great controversy in academic, political and social contexts, because of potential environmental, economic and social repercussions that biofuels might trigger, such as increasing food prices, or the loss of biodiversity. The European Directive on the promotion of renewable energy use (CE, 2009) has conditioned’the development of biofuels to their sustainability, in order to avoid negative impacts. Thus, Member States will have to design support systems to encourage the use of biofuels provided they meet certain criteria of sustainability, planning further institutional support for those biofuels which provide additional benefits. This work defines a multicriteria model to evaluate the sustainability of biofuels in Spain through a discrete multiple criteria decision methodology, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with a system of indicators. The proposed model allows the assessment of criteria and variables in a context of 'strong comparability' of values (by the system of indicators), as well as 'weak comparability' (through the AHP technique.) While the indicators provide an estimate of measurable variables, the technique of paired comparisons of AHP allows the comparison of incommensurable variables. Finally, with this model different types of biofuels can be prioritized according to the level of sustainability, which can guide policy makers to create a support system for biofuels. Área de Economía y Sociología Agrarias. Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera. IFAPA Centro Camino de Purchil. Granada.
Repositorio Instituc... arrow_drop_down Repositorio Institucional Universidad de GranadaArticle . 2012License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Granadaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Repositorio Instituc... arrow_drop_down Repositorio Institucional Universidad de GranadaArticle . 2012License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Granadaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2022Publisher:Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma Authors: Solano-Apuntes, Alex; Ponce-Saltos, Wilmer; Zambrano-Gavilanes, Freddy;Ecuador es un país donde se han identificado tres sectores con potencial bioenergético: en primer lugar, el agrícola, con productos como el arroz, banano, cacao, café, caña de azúcar, maíz duro, palma africana, palmito, piña y plátano. El segundo es el sector pecuario, con las actividades avícola, porcina y vacuna. El tercero es el forestal. Los residuos que generan las Musáceas (Banano y Plátano) no son bien aprovechados eficientemente debido a que son desechados al aire libre y presenta problemas ambientales y económicos para los bananeros, sin embargo, esta fruta ofrece la oportunidad de obtener bioproductos de valor agregado debido su composición química. Los cultivos de Musáceas se han establecido predominantemente en tierras de alta vocación agrícola mecanizada y con gran riqueza hidrológica, estas zonas son de mediana y alta vulnerabilidad a los procesos productivos, y no son recomendables para el desarrollo urbano intensivo, industrial, minero y de recreación. El correcto manejo de los residuos orgánicos se logra a través de diferentes tratamientos que implican un reciclaje de estas materias orgánicas, transformándolas en productos con valor agregado. El reciclaje de materia orgánica ha recibido un fuerte impulso con el alto costo de los fertilizantes químicos, con la búsqueda de alternativas no tradicionales de energía, así como también, la necesidad de vías de descontaminación y eliminación de residuos. La digestión aeróbica es un proceso realizado por diversos grupos de microorganismos, principalmente bacterias y protozoos que, en presencia de oxígeno actúan sobre la materia orgánica disuelta, transformándola en productos finales inocuos y materia celular. La presente investigación surge como una alternativa para el manejo y aprovechamiento de la biomasa residual de las Musáceas principalmente en los residuos orgánicos que estas generan y así darle una adecuada utilización mediante la elaboración de biogás en el Ecuador. Ecuador is a country where three sectors with bioenergy potential have been identifi ed: fi rstly, agriculture, with products such as rice, bananas, cocoa, coff ee, sugar cane, hard corn, African palm, hearts of palm, pineapple, and plantain. Th e second is the livestock sector, with poultry, pig, and beef activities. Th e third is the forester. The residues generated by Musaceae (Banana and Plantain) are not well used effi ciently because they are disposed of in the open air and present environmental and economic problems for banana growers, however, this fruit off ers the opportunity to obtain valueadded bioproducts due to its chemical composition. Musaceae crops have been established predominantly in lands with a high mechanized agricultural vocation and with great hydrological wealth, these areas are of medium and high vulnerability to productive processes, and are not recommended for intensive urban, industrial, mining, and recreational development. Th e correct management of organic waste is achieved through diff erent treatments that involve recycling these organic materials, transforming them into value-added products. The recycling of organic matter has received a strong boost with the high cost of chemical fertilizers, with the search for non-traditional energy alternatives, as well as the need for decontamination and waste disposal routes. Aerobic digestion is a process carried out by various groups of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, and protozoa, which, in the presence of oxygen, act on dissolved organic matter, transforming it into harmless end products and cellular matter. Th e present investigation arises as an alternative for the management and use of the residual biomass of the Musaceae, mainly in the organic waste that they generate, and thus give it an adequate use through the production of biogas in Ecuador.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2021Publisher:Universidad de Cienfuegos Carlos Rafael Rodríguez Authors: Castillo Alvarez, Yoisdel; Patiño Vidal, Carlos Diego; Monteagudo Yanes, José Pedro; Jiménez Borges, Reinier;handle: 20.500.12867/4580
El presente trabajo está enmarcado en el diseño de una planta de biogás que utiliza cachaza como sustrato. El estudio de los diferentes campos de utilización de biogás y su eficiencia en la generación de electricidad mediante grupos electrógenos. Para el diseño de la planta se han propuesto seis biodigestores industriales y seis grupos electrógenos para una capacidad de generación de 24 MW para la venta de energía eléctrica generando un ingreso 1 756 093,11 $/año. Fueron determinados a partir de la metodología presentada las características constructivas del biodigestor, el volumen de biogás generado, así como la cantidad necesaria para satisfacer la demanda de biogás. El comportamiento a nivel mundial de los principales países productores de biogás ofrece costos de construcción de las plantas por metro cúbico de biogás generado en el orden de 200 $ a 500 $. Se determina el potencial de generación de cachaza por la fábrica de azúcar que es de 144 t/d con una capacidad de generación de biogás de 13 038 Nm3 /d. La planta propuesta tiene una capacidad de generación de 24 MWh/d de energía eléctrica suministrada a la red. La evaluación económica de la planta muestra que la inversión de 4 237 000,00 $ tiene una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de un 8% y un Periodo de Recuperación de la Inversión (PRI) de 6 años. The present work is framed in the design of a biogas plant that uses filter-cake as a substrate. The study of the different fields of use of biogas and its efficiency in the generation of electricity through generator sets. For the design of the plant, six industrial biodigesters and six generator sets have been proposed for a generation capacity of 24 MW for the sale of electrical energy generating an income of $1,756,093.11$year. The constructive characteristics of the biodigester, the volume of biogas generated, as well as the amount needed to meet the demand for biogas were determined from the methodology presented. The worldwide performance of the main biogas producing countries offers plant construction costs per cubic meter of biogas generated in the order of $200 to $500. The potential for the generation of filter-cake by the sugar factory is determined to be 144 t/d with a biogas generation capacity of 13 038 Nm3/d. The proposed plant has a generating capacity of 24 MWh/d of electricity supplied to the grid. The economic evaluation of the plant shows that the investment of $4,237,000.00 has an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 8% and an Investment Recovery Period (PRI) of 6 years. Campus Lima Sur
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2006Publisher:Universidad Nacional de Colombia Authors: Reyes Ortíz, Giovanni Efraín;La necesidad de crecimiento que tienen las economías de la Región Andina y del Cono Sur en Sudamérica, así como los requerimientos de desarrollo de los países, implican mayor demanda de energéticos. En este artículo se abordan aspectos relacionados con las potencialidades que se tienen en un uso más eficiente de la utilización del gas, reservas probadas y los requerimientos de este componente, así como los proyectos de intercomunicación gasífera que se han proyectado. El argumento que se sostiene es que la demanda y capacidad productora de gas en Sudamérica, ofrece notables oportunidades para conformar efectivos tratados de integración energética en el área. Iniciativas que vayan más allá de las coyunturas políticas inmediatas, tan tentadoras para los políticos, en cuanto a hacer de ellas eventos para mantenimiento o ampliación de cuotas de poder. El gas puede dar base a operativos procesos de integración, de sostenidos resultados favorables, tanto en lo inmediato, como para el futuro predecible. Un primer dato es la demanda proyectada y las reservas que tienen los principales países del área. Los datos de superávit o déficit deben ser considerados tomando en cuenta que no existe una disponibilidad inmediata de las reservas. Precisamente las líneas de interconexión y la capacidad de transformación del gas, previo a su consumo final, es lo que permite fortalecer líneas de cooperación, integración y complementariedad económica (véase Cuadro 1 The need for growth in the economies of the Andean Region and the Southern Cone in South America, as well as the development requirements of the countries, imply greater demand for energy. This article addresses aspects related to the potentialities of a more efficient use of gas, proven reserves and the requirements of this component, as well as the gas intercommunication projects that have been projected. The argument that is upheld is that the demand and production capacity of gas in South America offers notable opportunities to form effective energy integration agreements in the area. Initiatives that go beyond the immediate political conjunctures, so tempting for politicians, in terms of making them events for the maintenance or expansion of power quotas. Gas can give basis to operational integration processes, with sustained favorable results, both in the immediate and for the foreseeable future. A first piece of information is the projected demand and the reserves that the main countries in the area have. The surplus or deficit data must be considered taking into account that there is no immediate availability of reserves. Precisely the interconnection lines and the gas transformation capacity, prior to its final consumption, is what allows strengthening lines of cooperation, integration and economic complementarity (see Table 1
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2023 ColombiaPublisher:Universidad EAFIT Authors: Cáceres Méndez, Ángela Patricia;Los incentivos tributarios consisten en la reducción de las cargas impositivas de los ingresos obtenidos y benefician a los contribuyentes que estén alineados a las políticas promovidas por el Estado. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la factibilidad financiera de una planta de producción de biogás, a partir de residuos orgánicos de extractoras de aceite de palma. Se crea un modelo financiero con datos obtenidos de un estudio de mercado referente al potencial generador de residuos de estos cultivos, así como estimaciones de costos de maquinaria para determinar la viabilidad financiera del proyecto, a la vez, que se integran al modelo los incentivos tributarios para energías renovables y se analiza cómo estos afectan la rentabilidad financiera en varios escenarios. Los resultados arrojan que sin incentivos tributarios el proyecto no es financieramente viable, pero al aplicar deducciones al impuesto de renta, el proyecto cobra viabilidad financiera. Tax incentives consist on the reduction of tax burden on the obtained income and benefit taxpayers who are aligned with the policies promoted by the State. This paper’s objective is to verify the financial feasibility of a biogas plant that uses the organic waste of palm oil extraction as raw material. A financial model was created with data obtained from a market study regarding the potential residue generated by an African palm oil extractor and estimates of its equipment costs to determine the financial viability of the project. Additionally, tax incentives for renewable energies are also included in the model to analyze sensibility of the financial profitability in various scenarios. The results show that without tax incentives the project is not financially viable. By applying tax income deductions, the project becomes financially sound.
Repositorio Instituc... arrow_drop_down Repositorio Institucional Universidad EAFITMaster thesis . 2023Data sources: Repositorio Institucional Universidad EAFITadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Repositorio Instituc... arrow_drop_down Repositorio Institucional Universidad EAFITMaster thesis . 2023Data sources: Repositorio Institucional Universidad EAFITadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2020Publisher:UNAB Authors: Barrera Rojas, Miguel Ángel;handle: 20.500.12749/10723
Este libro, que representa un esfuerzo académico por demás interesante, pretende llevar al lector por una senda multidisciplinaria que permita comprender la complejidad de la energía, en especial la obtenida de biocombustibles, como asunto público en la Argentina. Para dar cumplimiento a lo anterior, la autora presenta sus ideas en cuatro capítulos que van desde la explicación de la importancia, pertinencia y uso de los biocombustibles, pasando por los debates políticos-económicos, socio-ambientales y comerciales. Las conclusiones que ofrece son dignas de ser consideradas en economías como la mexicana que, con problemas de soberanía alimentaria, parecen querer apostarle a los biocombustibles de origen vegetal. This book, which represents an otherwise interesting academic effort, aims to take the reader along a multidisciplinary path that allows understanding the complexity of energy, especially that obtained from biofuels, as a public matter in Argentina. To comply with the above, the author presents her ideas in four chapters that range from the explanation of the importance, relevance and use of biofuels, through political-economic, socio-environmental and commercial debates. The conclusions it offers are worthy of being considered in economies such as Mexico, which, with food sovereignty problems, seem to want to bet on biofuels of plant origin.
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visibility 65visibility views 65 download downloads 53 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Bachelor thesis 2014Publisher:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Authors: Fernández González, Javier;[ANGLÈS] This project aims to study the UNE-ISO 21500:2012. The UNE-ISO 21500 provides a high level description of the concepts and processes that are considered to be good practice in project management. The principles and guidelines of the ISO 21500 standard is presented and the design process of a photovoltaic solar plant using the methodology ISO 21500 will be analyzed. [CASTELLÀ] El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo el estudio de la norma UNE-ISO 21500:2012. La norma UNE-ISO 21500 proporciona un alto nivel de descripción de los conceptos y procesos que se consideran para formar buenas prácticas en la gestión de proyectos. Se presentará los principios y directrices de la norma ISO 21500 y se analizará el proceso de proyecto de una planta solar fotovoltaica aplicando la metodología ISO 21500. [CATALÀ] El present projecte té com a objectiu l'estudi de la norma UNE-ISO 21500:2012. La norma UNE-ISO 21500 proporciona un alt nivell de descripció dels conceptes i processos que es consideren per formar bones pràctiques en la gestió de projectes. Es presentarà els principis i directrius de la norma ISO 21500 i s'analitzarà el procés de projecte d'una planta solar fotovoltaica aplicant la metodologia ISO 21500
Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTABachelor thesis . 2014License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTABachelor thesis . 2014License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2020Publisher:UPB Authors: Calderón, Johnier José; González, Jorge Wilson; Cardona, Hugo A.; Isaac, Idi A.; +1 AuthorsCalderón, Johnier José; González, Jorge Wilson; Cardona, Hugo A.; Isaac, Idi A.; López, Gabriel J.;handle: 20.500.11912/7037
Hoy en día los Compensadores Estáticos de Vares (SVC del inglés Static Var Compensator) son una alternativa que permite mejorar la estabilidad de tensión, amortiguar las oscilaciones de potencia y dar soporte de potencia reactiva en áreas delimitadas de los sistemas eléctricos. Esto conlleva a tener un aumento en la confiabilidad y seguridad durante la operación del sistema. En consecuencia, Colombia está apuntando en un mediano y largo plazo a instalar más equipos de los que tiene a la fecha en el Sistema Interconectado Nacional. Nowadays Static Var Compensators, SVC, are an alternative that improve the voltage stability, power oscillations and reactive power support in delimited areas of electrical systems. This results in an increased reliability and security during operation of the systems. As a consequence, Colombia is aiming in the medium and long term to install additional equipment on the National Interconnected System. Medellín 10 p.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Bachelor thesis 2014Publisher:Universitat Politècnica de València Authors: Ascoz Vicente, Ignacio;[ES] Este Trabajo Fin de Grado ahonda en la actual corriente de desarrollo de la eficiencia energética de los edificios y el ahorro del consumo de energía final. Estudia los equipos comerciales de micro-cogeneración para la producción de energía directamente por los usuarios finales. Se trata de producción local y autoconsumo de energía, lo cual permite conseguir un ahorro energético gracias a la reducción de pérdidas por transporte de la energía desde centrales convencionales a través de las redes de distribución hasta los consumidores finales. [EN] This Bachelor's thesis delves into the current development of the energy efficiency of buildings and the saving of the final energy consumption, studying equipments of commercial microgeneration, for the small-scale generation of heat and electric power by final users to meet their own needs. Microgeneration allows to reduce distribution losses of power from large power stations.
Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTABachelor thesis . 2014Data sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTABachelor thesis . 2014Data sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2020Publisher:UPB Authors: Trujillo Vera, Diego Alejandro; Lemaître Dahl, Sebastián;handle: 20.500.11912/7030
En este estudio, se desarrolló un análisis teórico de un ciclo de absorción de etapa simple con intercambiadores de calor de solución y de refrigerante y en la simulación se tendrá en consideración una cantidad significativa de parámetros de desempeño. Se realizaron ensayos con cuatro mezclas binarias de pares refrigerante – absorbente. Se variaron los parámetros de desempeño de estas soluciones y se compararon con las condiciones de operación de las unidades del ciclo. Los coeficientes de desempeño (COP) y la proporción de eficiencia del sistema se compararon con un rango amplio de temperaturas de generador, absorbedor, condensador y evaporador. La simulación del absorbedor y su representación con el modelo actual fue exitosa, la validez de los resultados de la simulación se estableció al compararlos con otros estudios, mostrando una buena concordancia. El estudio revela la viabilidad de utilizar los fluidos de trabajo NH3/LiNO3 y R134a/DMAC en sistemas de refrigeración por absorción que utilicen fuentes de calor de bajo potencial como alternativas a los fluidos de trabajo más tradicionales como el LiBr/H2O y el NH3/H2O ya que los COP obtenidos fueron de 0.57 y 0.41 respectivamente. In this paper, a theoretical analysis of a single stage absorption cycle was performed. Four binary mixtures consisting of refrigerant – absorbent were tested. The performance parameters of these solutions were varied and compared with the operation conditions of the cycle. The coefficients of performance (COP) and the efficiency ratio of the system were studied in a wide range of absorber, generator, condenser and evaporator temperatures. The simulation of the absorber and the overall system was successful and the validation of the results was established by comparing them with other studies, showing good agreement between them. The study reveals the viability of using NH3/LiNO3 and R134a/DMAC as alternative working fluids for single stage absorption systems using low potential heat sources, obtaining COP of 0.57 and 0.41 respectively. Medellín 23 p.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2012 SpainAuthors: Fernández-Tirado, Francisca; Parra-López, Carlos;handle: 10481/20561
El fomento de los biocarburantes ha constituido en los últimos años un tema de gran controversia y polémica a nivel académico, político y social, debido a las repercusiones ambientales, económicas y sociales que el uso y la producción de los mismos pueden desencadenar. Mientras la mayoría de los gobiernos están apostando por el fomento de los biocarburantes, principalmente para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y mejorar la seguridad en el abastecimiento de combustibles, numerosas voces están surgiendo en contra de los mismos, haciéndoles responsables de problemas tales como el aumento del precio de los alimentos. En la UE, la propuesta de Directiva relativa al fomento del uso de energía procedente de fuentes renovables, ha condicionado el fomento de los biocarburantes a la sostenibilidad de los mismos, con el objetivo de evitar graves repercusiones negativas. De esta forma los Estados miembros han de diseñar un sistema de apoyo para fomentar el uso de biocarburantes siempre que cumplan con una serie de criterios de sostenibilidad, previéndose un mayor soporte institucional a la producción y consumo de biocarburantes que aporten ventajas adicionales. En este trabajo se ha definido un modelo multicriterio para evaluar la sostenibilidad de la producción y consumo de los biocarburantes en España. Para definir el modelo se ha combinado una metodología de decisión multicriterio discreta, el proceso analítico jerárquico (AHP), con un sistema de indicadores, incluyendo una serie de criterios (ambientales, económicos y sociales) que una serie de expertos han considerado de relevancia en España para evaluar la sostenibilidad de los biocarburantes. AHP es una metodología que permite la resolución de problemas de toma de decisiones complejas, en las que existen múltiples criterios y actores implicados, en escenarios de gran incertidumbre y riesgo, como ocurre en el caso de los biocarburantes. El modelo aquí propuesto permite la evaluación de criterios y variables tanto en un contexto de ‘comparabilidad fuerte’ de valores (sistema de indicadores), como de ‘comparabilidad débil’ (AHP). Mientras los indicadores permiten una medición directa y exacta de las variables, cuando éstas existen o son posibles de calcular, la técnica AHP permite la comparación de variables inconmensurables, para las que no existe una unidad común de medida. El modelo permite establecer un orden de prioridades de naturaleza escalar del nivel de sostenibilidad de diferentes tipos de biocarburantes, que puede orientar a los decisores políticos para establecer un sistema de apoyo a los mismos, teniendo en cuenta tanto las ventajas como los inconvenientes económicos, ambientales y sociales que presentan unos biocarburantes con respecto a otros, tal y como señala la normativa europea. The promotion of biofuels is now a subject of great controversy in academic, political and social contexts, because of potential environmental, economic and social repercussions that biofuels might trigger, such as increasing food prices, or the loss of biodiversity. The European Directive on the promotion of renewable energy use (CE, 2009) has conditioned’the development of biofuels to their sustainability, in order to avoid negative impacts. Thus, Member States will have to design support systems to encourage the use of biofuels provided they meet certain criteria of sustainability, planning further institutional support for those biofuels which provide additional benefits. This work defines a multicriteria model to evaluate the sustainability of biofuels in Spain through a discrete multiple criteria decision methodology, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with a system of indicators. The proposed model allows the assessment of criteria and variables in a context of 'strong comparability' of values (by the system of indicators), as well as 'weak comparability' (through the AHP technique.) While the indicators provide an estimate of measurable variables, the technique of paired comparisons of AHP allows the comparison of incommensurable variables. Finally, with this model different types of biofuels can be prioritized according to the level of sustainability, which can guide policy makers to create a support system for biofuels. Área de Economía y Sociología Agrarias. Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera. IFAPA Centro Camino de Purchil. Granada.
Repositorio Instituc... arrow_drop_down Repositorio Institucional Universidad de GranadaArticle . 2012License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Granadaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Repositorio Instituc... arrow_drop_down Repositorio Institucional Universidad de GranadaArticle . 2012License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Repositorio Institucional Universidad de Granadaadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2022Publisher:Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma Authors: Solano-Apuntes, Alex; Ponce-Saltos, Wilmer; Zambrano-Gavilanes, Freddy;Ecuador es un país donde se han identificado tres sectores con potencial bioenergético: en primer lugar, el agrícola, con productos como el arroz, banano, cacao, café, caña de azúcar, maíz duro, palma africana, palmito, piña y plátano. El segundo es el sector pecuario, con las actividades avícola, porcina y vacuna. El tercero es el forestal. Los residuos que generan las Musáceas (Banano y Plátano) no son bien aprovechados eficientemente debido a que son desechados al aire libre y presenta problemas ambientales y económicos para los bananeros, sin embargo, esta fruta ofrece la oportunidad de obtener bioproductos de valor agregado debido su composición química. Los cultivos de Musáceas se han establecido predominantemente en tierras de alta vocación agrícola mecanizada y con gran riqueza hidrológica, estas zonas son de mediana y alta vulnerabilidad a los procesos productivos, y no son recomendables para el desarrollo urbano intensivo, industrial, minero y de recreación. El correcto manejo de los residuos orgánicos se logra a través de diferentes tratamientos que implican un reciclaje de estas materias orgánicas, transformándolas en productos con valor agregado. El reciclaje de materia orgánica ha recibido un fuerte impulso con el alto costo de los fertilizantes químicos, con la búsqueda de alternativas no tradicionales de energía, así como también, la necesidad de vías de descontaminación y eliminación de residuos. La digestión aeróbica es un proceso realizado por diversos grupos de microorganismos, principalmente bacterias y protozoos que, en presencia de oxígeno actúan sobre la materia orgánica disuelta, transformándola en productos finales inocuos y materia celular. La presente investigación surge como una alternativa para el manejo y aprovechamiento de la biomasa residual de las Musáceas principalmente en los residuos orgánicos que estas generan y así darle una adecuada utilización mediante la elaboración de biogás en el Ecuador. Ecuador is a country where three sectors with bioenergy potential have been identifi ed: fi rstly, agriculture, with products such as rice, bananas, cocoa, coff ee, sugar cane, hard corn, African palm, hearts of palm, pineapple, and plantain. Th e second is the livestock sector, with poultry, pig, and beef activities. Th e third is the forester. The residues generated by Musaceae (Banana and Plantain) are not well used effi ciently because they are disposed of in the open air and present environmental and economic problems for banana growers, however, this fruit off ers the opportunity to obtain valueadded bioproducts due to its chemical composition. Musaceae crops have been established predominantly in lands with a high mechanized agricultural vocation and with great hydrological wealth, these areas are of medium and high vulnerability to productive processes, and are not recommended for intensive urban, industrial, mining, and recreational development. Th e correct management of organic waste is achieved through diff erent treatments that involve recycling these organic materials, transforming them into value-added products. The recycling of organic matter has received a strong boost with the high cost of chemical fertilizers, with the search for non-traditional energy alternatives, as well as the need for decontamination and waste disposal routes. Aerobic digestion is a process carried out by various groups of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, and protozoa, which, in the presence of oxygen, act on dissolved organic matter, transforming it into harmless end products and cellular matter. Th e present investigation arises as an alternative for the management and use of the residual biomass of the Musaceae, mainly in the organic waste that they generate, and thus give it an adequate use through the production of biogas in Ecuador.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2021Publisher:Universidad de Cienfuegos Carlos Rafael Rodríguez Authors: Castillo Alvarez, Yoisdel; Patiño Vidal, Carlos Diego; Monteagudo Yanes, José Pedro; Jiménez Borges, Reinier;handle: 20.500.12867/4580
El presente trabajo está enmarcado en el diseño de una planta de biogás que utiliza cachaza como sustrato. El estudio de los diferentes campos de utilización de biogás y su eficiencia en la generación de electricidad mediante grupos electrógenos. Para el diseño de la planta se han propuesto seis biodigestores industriales y seis grupos electrógenos para una capacidad de generación de 24 MW para la venta de energía eléctrica generando un ingreso 1 756 093,11 $/año. Fueron determinados a partir de la metodología presentada las características constructivas del biodigestor, el volumen de biogás generado, así como la cantidad necesaria para satisfacer la demanda de biogás. El comportamiento a nivel mundial de los principales países productores de biogás ofrece costos de construcción de las plantas por metro cúbico de biogás generado en el orden de 200 $ a 500 $. Se determina el potencial de generación de cachaza por la fábrica de azúcar que es de 144 t/d con una capacidad de generación de biogás de 13 038 Nm3 /d. La planta propuesta tiene una capacidad de generación de 24 MWh/d de energía eléctrica suministrada a la red. La evaluación económica de la planta muestra que la inversión de 4 237 000,00 $ tiene una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de un 8% y un Periodo de Recuperación de la Inversión (PRI) de 6 años. The present work is framed in the design of a biogas plant that uses filter-cake as a substrate. The study of the different fields of use of biogas and its efficiency in the generation of electricity through generator sets. For the design of the plant, six industrial biodigesters and six generator sets have been proposed for a generation capacity of 24 MW for the sale of electrical energy generating an income of $1,756,093.11$year. The constructive characteristics of the biodigester, the volume of biogas generated, as well as the amount needed to meet the demand for biogas were determined from the methodology presented. The worldwide performance of the main biogas producing countries offers plant construction costs per cubic meter of biogas generated in the order of $200 to $500. The potential for the generation of filter-cake by the sugar factory is determined to be 144 t/d with a biogas generation capacity of 13 038 Nm3/d. The proposed plant has a generating capacity of 24 MWh/d of electricity supplied to the grid. The economic evaluation of the plant shows that the investment of $4,237,000.00 has an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 8% and an Investment Recovery Period (PRI) of 6 years. Campus Lima Sur
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2006Publisher:Universidad Nacional de Colombia Authors: Reyes Ortíz, Giovanni Efraín;La necesidad de crecimiento que tienen las economías de la Región Andina y del Cono Sur en Sudamérica, así como los requerimientos de desarrollo de los países, implican mayor demanda de energéticos. En este artículo se abordan aspectos relacionados con las potencialidades que se tienen en un uso más eficiente de la utilización del gas, reservas probadas y los requerimientos de este componente, así como los proyectos de intercomunicación gasífera que se han proyectado. El argumento que se sostiene es que la demanda y capacidad productora de gas en Sudamérica, ofrece notables oportunidades para conformar efectivos tratados de integración energética en el área. Iniciativas que vayan más allá de las coyunturas políticas inmediatas, tan tentadoras para los políticos, en cuanto a hacer de ellas eventos para mantenimiento o ampliación de cuotas de poder. El gas puede dar base a operativos procesos de integración, de sostenidos resultados favorables, tanto en lo inmediato, como para el futuro predecible. Un primer dato es la demanda proyectada y las reservas que tienen los principales países del área. Los datos de superávit o déficit deben ser considerados tomando en cuenta que no existe una disponibilidad inmediata de las reservas. Precisamente las líneas de interconexión y la capacidad de transformación del gas, previo a su consumo final, es lo que permite fortalecer líneas de cooperación, integración y complementariedad económica (véase Cuadro 1 The need for growth in the economies of the Andean Region and the Southern Cone in South America, as well as the development requirements of the countries, imply greater demand for energy. This article addresses aspects related to the potentialities of a more efficient use of gas, proven reserves and the requirements of this component, as well as the gas intercommunication projects that have been projected. The argument that is upheld is that the demand and production capacity of gas in South America offers notable opportunities to form effective energy integration agreements in the area. Initiatives that go beyond the immediate political conjunctures, so tempting for politicians, in terms of making them events for the maintenance or expansion of power quotas. Gas can give basis to operational integration processes, with sustained favorable results, both in the immediate and for the foreseeable future. A first piece of information is the projected demand and the reserves that the main countries in the area have. The surplus or deficit data must be considered taking into account that there is no immediate availability of reserves. Precisely the interconnection lines and the gas transformation capacity, prior to its final consumption, is what allows strengthening lines of cooperation, integration and economic complementarity (see Table 1
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis 2023 ColombiaPublisher:Universidad EAFIT Authors: Cáceres Méndez, Ángela Patricia;Los incentivos tributarios consisten en la reducción de las cargas impositivas de los ingresos obtenidos y benefician a los contribuyentes que estén alineados a las políticas promovidas por el Estado. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la factibilidad financiera de una planta de producción de biogás, a partir de residuos orgánicos de extractoras de aceite de palma. Se crea un modelo financiero con datos obtenidos de un estudio de mercado referente al potencial generador de residuos de estos cultivos, así como estimaciones de costos de maquinaria para determinar la viabilidad financiera del proyecto, a la vez, que se integran al modelo los incentivos tributarios para energías renovables y se analiza cómo estos afectan la rentabilidad financiera en varios escenarios. Los resultados arrojan que sin incentivos tributarios el proyecto no es financieramente viable, pero al aplicar deducciones al impuesto de renta, el proyecto cobra viabilidad financiera. Tax incentives consist on the reduction of tax burden on the obtained income and benefit taxpayers who are aligned with the policies promoted by the State. This paper’s objective is to verify the financial feasibility of a biogas plant that uses the organic waste of palm oil extraction as raw material. A financial model was created with data obtained from a market study regarding the potential residue generated by an African palm oil extractor and estimates of its equipment costs to determine the financial viability of the project. Additionally, tax incentives for renewable energies are also included in the model to analyze sensibility of the financial profitability in various scenarios. The results show that without tax incentives the project is not financially viable. By applying tax income deductions, the project becomes financially sound.
Repositorio Instituc... arrow_drop_down Repositorio Institucional Universidad EAFITMaster thesis . 2023Data sources: Repositorio Institucional Universidad EAFITadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Repositorio Instituc... arrow_drop_down Repositorio Institucional Universidad EAFITMaster thesis . 2023Data sources: Repositorio Institucional Universidad EAFITadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2020Publisher:UNAB Authors: Barrera Rojas, Miguel Ángel;handle: 20.500.12749/10723
Este libro, que representa un esfuerzo académico por demás interesante, pretende llevar al lector por una senda multidisciplinaria que permita comprender la complejidad de la energía, en especial la obtenida de biocombustibles, como asunto público en la Argentina. Para dar cumplimiento a lo anterior, la autora presenta sus ideas en cuatro capítulos que van desde la explicación de la importancia, pertinencia y uso de los biocombustibles, pasando por los debates políticos-económicos, socio-ambientales y comerciales. Las conclusiones que ofrece son dignas de ser consideradas en economías como la mexicana que, con problemas de soberanía alimentaria, parecen querer apostarle a los biocombustibles de origen vegetal. This book, which represents an otherwise interesting academic effort, aims to take the reader along a multidisciplinary path that allows understanding the complexity of energy, especially that obtained from biofuels, as a public matter in Argentina. To comply with the above, the author presents her ideas in four chapters that range from the explanation of the importance, relevance and use of biofuels, through political-economic, socio-environmental and commercial debates. The conclusions it offers are worthy of being considered in economies such as Mexico, which, with food sovereignty problems, seem to want to bet on biofuels of plant origin.
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visibility 65visibility views 65 download downloads 53 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Bachelor thesis 2014Publisher:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Authors: Fernández González, Javier;[ANGLÈS] This project aims to study the UNE-ISO 21500:2012. The UNE-ISO 21500 provides a high level description of the concepts and processes that are considered to be good practice in project management. The principles and guidelines of the ISO 21500 standard is presented and the design process of a photovoltaic solar plant using the methodology ISO 21500 will be analyzed. [CASTELLÀ] El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo el estudio de la norma UNE-ISO 21500:2012. La norma UNE-ISO 21500 proporciona un alto nivel de descripción de los conceptos y procesos que se consideran para formar buenas prácticas en la gestión de proyectos. Se presentará los principios y directrices de la norma ISO 21500 y se analizará el proceso de proyecto de una planta solar fotovoltaica aplicando la metodología ISO 21500. [CATALÀ] El present projecte té com a objectiu l'estudi de la norma UNE-ISO 21500:2012. La norma UNE-ISO 21500 proporciona un alt nivell de descripció dels conceptes i processos que es consideren per formar bones pràctiques en la gestió de projectes. Es presentarà els principis i directrius de la norma ISO 21500 i s'analitzarà el procés de projecte d'una planta solar fotovoltaica aplicant la metodologia ISO 21500
Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTABachelor thesis . 2014License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Recolector de Cienci... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTABachelor thesis . 2014License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2020Publisher:UPB Authors: Calderón, Johnier José; González, Jorge Wilson; Cardona, Hugo A.; Isaac, Idi A.; +1 AuthorsCalderón, Johnier José; González, Jorge Wilson; Cardona, Hugo A.; Isaac, Idi A.; López, Gabriel J.;handle: 20.500.11912/7037
Hoy en día los Compensadores Estáticos de Vares (SVC del inglés Static Var Compensator) son una alternativa que permite mejorar la estabilidad de tensión, amortiguar las oscilaciones de potencia y dar soporte de potencia reactiva en áreas delimitadas de los sistemas eléctricos. Esto conlleva a tener un aumento en la confiabilidad y seguridad durante la operación del sistema. En consecuencia, Colombia está apuntando en un mediano y largo plazo a instalar más equipos de los que tiene a la fecha en el Sistema Interconectado Nacional. Nowadays Static Var Compensators, SVC, are an alternative that improve the voltage stability, power oscillations and reactive power support in delimited areas of electrical systems. This results in an increased reliability and security during operation of the systems. As a consequence, Colombia is aiming in the medium and long term to install additional equipment on the National Interconnected System. Medellín 10 p.
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