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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2023 Belgium, FinlandPublisher:Elsevier BV Vivi Schlünssen; Daniele Mandrioli; Frank Pega; Natalie C. Momen; Balázs Ádám; Weihong Chen; Robert A. Cohen; Lode Godderis; Thomas Göen; Kishor Hadkhale; Watinee Kunpeuk; Jianlin Lou; Stefan Mandić‐Rajčević; Federica Masci; Benoít Nemery; Mădălina Popa; Nattadhanai Rajatanavin; Daria Sgargi; Somkiat Siriruttanapruk; Xin Sun; Repeepong Suphanchaimat; Panithee Thammawijaya; Yuka Ujita; Stevie van der Mierden; K. Вангелова; Meng Ye; Muzimkhulu Zungu; Paul T.J. Scheepers;La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) están desarrollando estimaciones conjuntas de la carga laboral de enfermedades y lesiones (estimaciones conjuntas OMS/OIT), con contribuciones de un gran número de expertos individuales. La evidencia de datos humanos, animales y mecanicistas sugiere que la exposición ocupacional a polvos y/o fibras (sílice, asbesto y polvo de carbón) causa neumoconiosis. En este artículo, presentamos una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis de las prevalencias y los niveles de exposición ocupacional al sílice, el asbesto y el polvo de carbón. Estas estimaciones de prevalencias y niveles servirán como datos de entrada para estimar (si es posible) el número de muertes y años de vida ajustados por discapacidad que son atribuibles a la exposición ocupacional a la sílice, el amianto y el polvo de carbón, para el desarrollo de las Estimaciones Conjuntas OMS/OIT. Nuestro objetivo fue revisar y metaanalizar sistemáticamente las estimaciones de las prevalencias y los niveles de exposición ocupacional al sílice, el asbesto y el polvo de carbón entre los trabajadores en edad laboral (≥15 años). Fuentes de datos Se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos académicas electrónicas de registros potencialmente relevantes de estudios publicados y no publicados, incluidos Ovid Medline, PubMed, EMBASE y CISDOC. También realizamos búsquedas en bases de datos electrónicas de literatura gris, motores de búsqueda en Internet y sitios web de organizaciones; buscamos a mano listas de referencias de revisiones sistemáticas anteriores e incluimos registros de estudios; y consultamos a expertos adicionales. Elegibilidad y criterios del estudio Incluimos a los trabajadores en edad de trabajar (≥15 años) en la economía formal e informal en cualquier Estado miembro de la OMS y/o de la OIT, pero excluimos a los niños (2,4 millones de mediciones QUE cubren 23 países de todas las regiones de la OMS (África, América, Mediterráneo Oriental, Asia Sudoriental, Europa y Pacífico Occidental). La población objetivo en los 88 estudios incluidos era de los principales grupos de Isco 3 (Técnicos y Profesionales Asociados), 6 (Trabajadores Calificados Agrícolas, Forestales y Pesqueros), 7 (Trabajadores Artesanales y de Oficios Relacionados), 8 (Operadores y Ensambladores de Plantas y Máquinas) y 9 (Ocupaciones Elementales), en lo sucesivo denominados trabajadores manuales. La mayoría de los estudios se realizaron en Construcción, Fabricación y Minería. Para la exposición ocupacional a la sílice, se incluyeron 65 estudios (61 estudios transversales y 4 estudios longitudinales) con >2,3 millones de mediciones recopiladas en 22 países en las seis regiones de la OMS. Para la exposición ocupacional al amianto, se incluyeron 18 estudios (17 estudios transversales y 1 longitudinal) con >20.000 mediciones recopiladas en ocho países en cinco regiones de la OMS (no hay datos para África). Para la exposición ocupacional al polvo de carbón, se incluyeron ocho estudios (todos transversales) que comprendían >100.000 muestras en seis países en cinco regiones de la OMS (sin datos para el Mediterráneo Oriental). La exposición a sílice, asbesto y polvo de carbón se evaluó con un muestreo de filtro activo personal o estacionario; para sílice y asbesto, la evaluación gravimétrica fue seguida por un análisis técnico. Los perfiles de riesgo de sesgo variaron entre los cuerpos de evidencia que analizaron el asbesto, la sílice y el polvo de carbón, así como entre los sectores industriales. Sin embargo, el riesgo de sesgo fue generalmente más alto para el dominio de selección de participantes en los estudios. Los mayores cuerpos de evidencia de sílice relacionados con los sectores industriales de la Construcción (CIIU 41-43), Manufactura (CIIU 20, 23-25, 27, 31-32) y Minería (CIIU 05, 07, 08). Para Construcción, la estimación de prevalencia agrupada fue de 0.89 (IC del 95%: 0.84 a 0.93, 17 estudios, I2 91%, calidad moderada de la evidencia) y la estimación del nivel se calificó como de muy baja calidad de la evidencia. Para la manufactura, la estimación de prevalencia combinada fue de 0.85 (IC del 95%: 0.78 a 0.91, 24 estudios, I2 100%, calidad moderada de la evidencia) y la estimación del nivel combinado se calificó como de muy baja calidad de la evidencia. La estimación de prevalencia combinada para la minería fue de 0,75 (IC del 95%: 0,68 a 0,82, 20 estudios, I2 100%, calidad moderada de la evidencia) y la estimación del nivel combinado fue de 0,04 mg/m3 (IC del 95%: 0,03 a 0,05, 17 estudios, I2 100%, baja calidad de la evidencia). Se identificaron cuerpos de evidencia más pequeños para la producción de cultivos y animales (CIIU 01; evidencia de muy baja calidad tanto para la prevalencia como para el nivel); actividades profesionales, científicas y técnicas (CIIU 71, 74; evidencia de muy baja calidad tanto para la prevalencia como para el nivel); y suministro de electricidad, gas, vapor y aire acondicionado (CIIU 35; evidencia de muy baja calidad tanto para la prevalencia como para el nivel). Para el amianto, la estimación de prevalencia combinada para la construcción (CIIU 41, 43, 45) fue de 0,77 (IC del 95%: 0,65 a 0,87, seis estudios, I2 99%, baja calidad de la evidencia) y la estimación del nivel se calificó como de muy baja calidad de la evidencia. Para la manufactura (CIIU 13, 23-24, 29-30), las estimaciones agrupadas de prevalencia y nivel se calificaron como de muy baja calidad de evidencia. Se identificaron cuerpos de evidencia más pequeños para Otras minas y canteras (CIIU 08; evidencia de muy baja calidad tanto para la prevalencia como para el nivel); Suministro de electricidad, gas, vapor y aire acondicionado (CIIU 35; evidencia de muy baja calidad tanto para la prevalencia como para el nivel); y Suministro de agua, alcantarillado, gestión de desechos y remediación (CIIU 37; evidencia de muy baja calidad para los niveles). Para el polvo de carbón, la estimación de prevalencia combinada para la extracción de carbón y lignito (CIIU 05) fue de 1,00 (IC del 95%: 1,00 a 1,00, seis estudios, I2 16%, calidad moderada de la evidencia) y la estimación del nivel combinado fue de 0,77 mg/m3 (IC del 95%: 0,68 a 0,86, tres estudios, I2 100%, baja calidad de la evidencia). Se identificó un pequeño cuerpo de evidencia para el suministro de electricidad, gas, vapor y aire acondicionado (CIIU 35); con una calidad de evidencia muy baja para la prevalencia, y la estimación del nivel combinado es de 0,60 mg/m3 (IC del 95%: -6,95 a 8,14, un estudio, evidencia de baja calidad). En general, consideramos que los cuerpos de evidencia para la exposición ocupacional a la sílice varían según el sector industrial entre una calidad de evidencia muy baja y moderada para la prevalencia, y muy baja y baja para el nivel. Para la exposición ocupacional al amianto, los cuerpos de evidencia variaron según el sector industrial entre muy baja y baja calidad de evidencia para la prevalencia y fueron de muy baja calidad de evidencia para el nivel. Para la exposición ocupacional al polvo de carbón, los cuerpos de evidencia fueron de muy baja o moderada calidad de evidencia para la prevalencia y baja para el nivel. Ninguno de los estudios incluidos fueron estudios basados en la población (es decir, cubrieron a toda la población de trabajadores en el sector industrial), que consideramos que presentan una seria preocupación por la indirecta, excepto por la exposición al polvo de carbón dentro del sector industrial de la minería de carbón y lignito. Las estimaciones seleccionadas de las prevalencias y los niveles de exposición ocupacional a la sílice por sector industrial se consideran adecuadas como datos de entrada para las estimaciones conjuntas de la OMS/OIT, y las estimaciones seleccionadas de las prevalencias y los niveles de exposición ocupacional al amianto y al polvo de carbón tal vez también sean adecuadas para fines de estimación. Identificador de protocolo doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.005 número de registro de PROSPERO CRD42018084131 تقوم منظمة الصحة العالمية ومنظمة العمل الدولية بوضع تقديرات مشتركة لعبء المرض والإصابة المرتبط بالعمل (تقديرات مشتركة بين منظمة الصحة العالمية ومنظمة العمل الدولية)، بمساهمات من عدد كبير من الخبراء الأفراد. تشير الأدلة المستقاة من البيانات البشرية والحيوانية والميكانيكية إلى أن التعرض المهني للغبار و/أو الألياف (السيليكا والأسبستوس وغبار الفحم) يسبب تغبر الرئة. في هذه الورقة، نقدم مراجعة منهجية وتحليل تلوي لانتشار ومستويات التعرض المهني للسيليكا والأسبستوس وغبار الفحم. وستكون هذه التقديرات لمعدلات الانتشار والمستويات بمثابة بيانات مدخلات لتقدير (إن أمكن) عدد الوفيات وسنوات العمر المعدلة حسب الإعاقة التي تعزى إلى التعرض المهني للسيليكا والأسبستوس وغبار الفحم، من أجل وضع التقديرات المشتركة بين منظمة الصحة العالمية ومنظمة العمل الدولية. كنا نهدف إلى المراجعة المنهجية والتحليل التلوي للتقديرات المتعلقة بمعدلات ومستويات التعرض المهني للسيليكا والأسبستوس وغبار الفحم بين العمال في سن العمل (≥15 عامًا). مصادر البيانات بحثنا في قواعد البيانات الأكاديمية الإلكترونية عن السجلات ذات الصلة المحتملة من الدراسات المنشورة وغير المنشورة، بما في ذلك Ovid Medline و PubMed و EMBASE و CISDOC. كما بحثنا في قواعد بيانات الأدبيات الرمادية الإلكترونية ومحركات البحث على الإنترنت ومواقع الويب التنظيمية ؛ وبحثنا يدويًا في قوائم مرجعية للمراجعات المنهجية السابقة وتضمين سجلات الدراسة ؛ واستشرنا خبراء إضافيين. أهلية الدراسة ومعاييرها قمنا بتضمين العمال في سن العمل (≥15 عامًا) في الاقتصاد الرسمي وغير الرسمي في أي دولة عضو في منظمة الصحة العالمية و/أو دولة عضو في منظمة العمل الدولية ولكننا استبعدنا الأطفال (<15 عامًا) والعمال المنزليين غير المأجورين. قمنا بتضمين جميع أنواع الدراسات ذات قياسات الغبار أو الألياف الموضوعية، المنشورة بين عامي 1960 و 2018، والتي أبلغت بشكل مباشر أو غير مباشر عن تقدير لانتشار و/أو مستوى التعرض المهني للسيليكا والأسبستوس و/أو غبار الفحم. طرق تقييم الدراسة وتوليفها قام اثنان على الأقل من مؤلفي المراجعة بفحص العناوين والملخصات بشكل مستقل مقابل معايير الأهلية في المرحلة الأولى والنصوص الكاملة للسجلات التي يحتمل أن تكون مؤهلة في مرحلة ثانية، ثم تم استخراج البيانات من الدراسات المؤهلة. جمعنا تقديرات الانتشار حسب القطاع الصناعي (مستوى ISIC -4 المكون من رقمين مع دمج إضافي داخل التعدين والتصنيع والبناء) باستخدام التحليل التلوي للآثار العشوائية. قام اثنان أو أكثر من مؤلفي المراجعة بتقييم مخاطر التحيز وقام جميع المؤلفين المتاحين بتقييم جودة الأدلة، باستخدام أداة ROB - SPEO ونهج QOE - SPEO الذي تم تطويره خصيصًا للتقديرات المشتركة بين منظمة الصحة العالمية ومنظمة العمل الدولية. استوفت ثمان وثمانون دراسة (82 دراسة مستعرضة و 6 دراسات طولية) معايير الإدراج، التي تشمل أكثر من 2.4 مليون قياس تغطي 23 دولة من جميع أقاليم منظمة الصحة العالمية (أفريقيا والأمريكتان وشرق البحر الأبيض المتوسط وجنوب شرق آسيا وأوروبا وغرب المحيط الهادئ). كان السكان المستهدفون في جميع الدراسات البالغ عددها 88 دراسة من المجموعات الرئيسية للتصنيف الدولي الموحد للمهن (ISCO) 3 (الفنيون والمهنيون المعاونون)، و 6 (العمال المهرة في الزراعة والغابات ومصائد الأسماك)، و 7 (عمال الحرف اليدوية والحرف ذات الصلة)، و 8 (مشغلي المصانع والآلات والمجمعين)، و 9 (المهن الأولية)، والتي تسمى فيما يلي العمال اليدويين. تم إجراء معظم الدراسات في البناء والتصنيع والتعدين. بالنسبة للتعرض المهني للسيليكا، تم تضمين 65 دراسة (61 دراسة مقطعية و 4 دراسات طولية) مع أكثر من 2.3 مليون قياس تم جمعها في 22 دولة في جميع مناطق منظمة الصحة العالمية الست. بالنسبة للتعرض المهني للأسبستوس، تم تضمين 18 دراسة (17 دراسة مستعرضة ودراسة طولية واحدة) مع أكثر من 20000 قياس تم جمعها في ثمانية بلدان في خمس مناطق لمنظمة الصحة العالمية (لا توجد بيانات لأفريقيا). بالنسبة للتعرض المهني لغبار الفحم، تم تضمين ثماني دراسات (جميعها مستعرضة) تضم أكثر من 100000 عينة في ستة بلدان في خمس مناطق لمنظمة الصحة العالمية (لا توجد بيانات لشرق المتوسط). تم تقييم التعرض للسيليكا والأسبستوس وغبار الفحم مع أخذ عينات المرشحات النشطة الشخصية أو الثابتة ؛ بالنسبة للسيليكا والأسبستوس، تبع تقييم الجاذبية التحليل الفني. تنوعت مخاطر التحيز بين مجموعات الأدلة التي تبحث في الأسبستوس والسيليكا وغبار الفحم، وكذلك بين القطاعات الصناعية. ومع ذلك، كان خطر التحيز أعلى بشكل عام في مجال اختيار المشاركين في الدراسات. أكبر مجموعات الأدلة على السيليكا المتعلقة بالقطاعات الصناعية للبناء (ISIC 41-43) والتصنيع (ISIC 20، 23-25، 27، 31-32) والتعدين (ISIC 05، 07، 08). بالنسبة للبناء، كان تقدير الانتشار المجمع 0.89 (95 ٪ CI 0.84 إلى 0.93، 17 دراسة، I2 91 ٪، جودة معتدلة من الأدلة) وتم تصنيف تقدير المستوى على أنه ذو جودة منخفضة جدًا من الأدلة. بالنسبة للتصنيع، كان تقدير الانتشار المجمع 0.85 (95 ٪ CI 0.78 إلى 0.91، 24 دراسة، I2 100 ٪، جودة معتدلة من الأدلة) وتم تصنيف تقدير المستوى المجمع على أنه ذو جودة منخفضة جدًا من الأدلة. كان تقدير الانتشار المجمع للتعدين 0.75 (95 ٪ CI 0.68 إلى 0.82، 20 دراسة، I2 100 ٪، جودة أدلة معتدلة) وكان تقدير المستوى المجمع 0.04 ملغ/م 3 (95 ٪ CI 0.03 إلى 0.05، 17 دراسة، I2 100 ٪، جودة أدلة منخفضة). تم تحديد مجموعات أصغر من الأدلة للإنتاج المحصولي والحيواني (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 01 ؛ جودة أدلة منخفضة للغاية لكل من الانتشار والمستوى )؛ الأنشطة المهنية والعلمية والتقنية (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 71، 74 ؛ جودة أدلة منخفضة للغاية لكل من الانتشار والمستوى )؛ وإمدادات الكهرباء والغاز والبخار وتكييف الهواء (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 35 ؛ جودة أدلة منخفضة للغاية لكل من الانتشار والمستوى). بالنسبة للأسبستوس، كان تقدير الانتشار المجمع للبناء (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 41، 43، 45،) 0.77 (95 ٪ CI 0.65 إلى 0.87، ست دراسات، I2 99 ٪، انخفاض جودة الأدلة) وتم تصنيف تقدير المستوى على أنه ذو جودة منخفضة جدًا من الأدلة. بالنسبة للتصنيع (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 13، 23-24، 29-30)، تم تصنيف الانتشار المجمع وتقديرات المستوى على أنها ذات جودة منخفضة للغاية من الأدلة. تم تحديد مجموعات أصغر من الأدلة للتعدين والمحاجر الأخرى (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 08 ؛ جودة منخفضة جدًا من الأدلة لكل من الانتشار والمستوى )؛ إمدادات الكهرباء والغاز والبخار وتكييف الهواء (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 35 ؛ جودة منخفضة جدًا من الأدلة لكل من الانتشار والمستوى )؛ وإمدادات المياه والصرف الصحي وإدارة النفايات ومعالجتها (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 37 ؛ جودة منخفضة جدًا من الأدلة للمستويات). بالنسبة لغبار الفحم، كان تقدير الانتشار المجمع لتعدين الفحم والليجنيت (ISIC 05) 1.00 (95 ٪ CI 1.00 إلى 1.00، ست دراسات، I2 16 ٪، جودة معتدلة من الأدلة) وكان تقدير المستوى المجمع 0.77 ملغ/م 3 (95 ٪ CI 0.68 إلى 0.86، ثلاث دراسات، I2 100 ٪، جودة منخفضة من الأدلة). تم تحديد مجموعة صغيرة من الأدلة لإمدادات الكهرباء والغاز والبخار وتكييف الهواء (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 35 )؛ مع انخفاض جودة الأدلة على الانتشار، وتقدير المستوى المجمع هو 0.60 ملغ/م 3 (95 ٪ CI -6.95 إلى 8.14، دراسة واحدة، انخفاض جودة الأدلة). بشكل عام، حكمنا على مجموعات الأدلة الخاصة بالتعرض المهني للسيليكا باختلاف القطاع الصناعي بين الجودة المنخفضة والمتوسطة جدًا للأدلة على الانتشار، والمنخفضة جدًا والمنخفضة للمستوى. بالنسبة للتعرض المهني للأسبستوس، تفاوتت الأدلة حسب القطاع الصناعي بين أدلة منخفضة جدًا ومنخفضة الجودة على الانتشار وكانت ذات جودة منخفضة جدًا من الأدلة على المستوى. بالنسبة للتعرض المهني لغبار الفحم، كانت الأدلة ذات جودة منخفضة جدًا أو معتدلة من الأدلة على الانتشار، ومنخفضة بالنسبة للمستوى. لم تكن أي من الدراسات المدرجة دراسات قائمة على السكان (أي غطت جميع سكان العمال في القطاع الصناعي)، والتي رأينا أنها تشكل قلقًا خطيرًا بشأن عدم المباشرة، باستثناء التعرض لغبار الفحم داخل القطاع الصناعي لتعدين الفحم واللجنيت. تعتبر التقديرات المختارة لانتشار ومستويات التعرض المهني للسيليكا حسب القطاع الصناعي مناسبة كبيانات مدخلات للتقديرات المشتركة بين منظمة الصحة العالمية ومنظمة العمل الدولية، وقد تكون التقديرات المختارة لانتشار ومستويات التعرض المهني للأسبستوس وغبار الفحم مناسبة أيضًا لأغراض التقدير. معرف البروتوكول doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.005 رقم تسجيل PROSPERO CRD42018084131 L'Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) et l'Organisation internationale du Travail (OIT) élaborent des estimations conjointes de la charge de morbidité et de blessures liées au travail (estimations conjointes OMS/OIT), avec la contribution d'un grand nombre d'experts individuels. Les données humaines, animales et mécanistiques suggèrent que l'exposition professionnelle aux poussières et/ou aux fibres (silice, amiante et poussière de charbon) provoque une pneumoconiose. Dans cet article, nous présentons une revue systématique et une méta-analyse des prévalences et des niveaux d'exposition professionnelle à la silice, à l'amiante et à la poussière de charbon. Ces estimations des prévalences et des niveaux serviront de données d'entrée pour estimer (si possible) le nombre de décès et d'années de vie corrigées de l'invalidité qui sont attribuables à l'exposition professionnelle à la silice, à l'amiante et à la poussière de charbon, pour l'élaboration des estimations conjointes OMS/OIT. Nous avons cherché à examiner et à méta-analyser systématiquement les estimations des prévalences et des niveaux d'exposition professionnelle à la silice, à l'amiante et à la poussière de charbon chez les travailleurs en âge de travailler (≥15 ans). Sources de données Nous avons recherché dans les bases de données académiques électroniques des dossiers potentiellement pertinents provenant d'études publiées et non publiées, notamment Ovid Medline, PubMed, embase et CISDOC. Nous avons également effectué des recherches dans des bases de données électroniques de littérature grise, des moteurs de recherche Internet et des sites Web d'organisations ; effectué des recherches manuelles dans des listes de références de revues systématiques précédentes et inclus des dossiers d'étude ; et consulté des experts supplémentaires. Éligibilité et critères de l'étude Nous avons inclus les travailleurs en âge de travailler (≥15 ans) dans l'économie formelle et informelle dans tout État membre de l'OMS et/ou membre de l'OIT, mais excluons les enfants (100 000 échantillons dans six pays de cinq régions de l'OMS (aucune donnée pour la Méditerranée orientale). L'exposition à la silice, à l'amiante et à la poussière de charbon a été évaluée avec un échantillonnage de filtre actif personnel ou stationnaire ; pour la silice et l'amiante, l'évaluation gravimétrique a été suivie d'une analyse technique. Les profils de risque de biais variaient entre les éléments de preuve portant sur l'amiante, la silice et la poussière de charbon, ainsi qu'entre les secteurs industriels. Cependant, le risque de biais était généralement le plus élevé pour le domaine de sélection des participants aux études. Les plus grandes preuves pour la silice concernaient les secteurs industriels de la construction (Citi 41-43), de la fabrication (Citi 20, 23-25, 27, 31-32) et des mines (Citi 05, 07, 08). Pour la construction, l'estimation de la prévalence groupée était de 0,89 (IC à 95 % 0,84 à 0,93, 17 études, I2 91 %, qualité modérée des preuves) et l'estimation du niveau a été évaluée comme étant de très faible qualité des preuves. Pour la fabrication, l'estimation de la prévalence groupée était de 0,85 (IC à 95 % 0,78 à 0,91, 24 études, I2 100 %, qualité modérée des preuves) et l'estimation du niveau groupé a été évaluée comme étant de très faible qualité des preuves. L'estimation de la prévalence groupée pour l'exploitation minière était de 0,75 (IC à 95 % 0,68 à 0,82, 20 études, I2 100 %, qualité modérée des preuves) et l'estimation du niveau groupé était de 0,04 mg/m3 (IC à 95 % 0,03 à 0,05, 17 études, I2 100 %, faible qualité des preuves). Des ensembles de preuves plus petits ont été identifiés pour la production végétale et animale (Citi 01 ; très faible qualité des preuves pour la prévalence et le niveau) ; les activités professionnelles, scientifiques et techniques (Citi 71, 74 ; très faible qualité des preuves pour la prévalence et le niveau) ; et l'approvisionnement en électricité, en gaz, en vapeur et en climatisation (Citi 35 ; très faible qualité des preuves pour la prévalence et le niveau). Pour l'amiante, l'estimation de la prévalence groupée pour la construction (CITI 41, 43, 45) était de 0,77 (IC à 95 % 0,65 à 0,87, six études, I2 99 %, faible qualité des preuves) et l'estimation du niveau a été évaluée comme étant de très faible qualité des preuves. Pour la fabrication (Citi 13, 23-24, 29-30), les estimations de prévalence et de niveau regroupées ont été évaluées comme étant de très faible qualité de preuve. De plus petits ensembles de preuves ont été identifiés pour les autres industries extractives (CITI 08 ; très faible qualité des preuves pour la prévalence et le niveau) ; l'approvisionnement en électricité, en gaz, en vapeur et en climatisation (CITI 35 ; très faible qualité des preuves pour la prévalence et le niveau) ; et l'approvisionnement en eau, l'assainissement, la gestion des déchets et l'assainissement (CITI 37 ; très faible qualité des preuves pour les niveaux). Pour la poussière de charbon, l'estimation de la prévalence groupée pour l'extraction du charbon et du lignite (Citi 05) était de 1,00 (IC à 95 % de 1,00 à 1,00, six études, I2 16 %, qualité modérée des preuves) et l'estimation du niveau groupé était de 0,77 mg/m3 (IC à 95 % de 0,68 à 0,86, trois études, I2 100 %, faible qualité des preuves). Un petit nombre de preuves a été identifié pour l'approvisionnement en électricité, en gaz, en vapeur et en climatisation (Citi 35) ; avec une très faible qualité de preuves pour la prévalence, et l'estimation du niveau groupé étant de 0,60 mg/m3 (IC à 95 % -6,95 à 8,14, une étude, faible qualité de preuves). Dans l'ensemble, nous avons jugé que les preuves de l'exposition professionnelle à la silice variaient selon le secteur industriel entre une qualité de preuve très faible et modérée pour la prévalence, et très faible et faible pour le niveau. Pour l'exposition professionnelle à l'amiante, les preuves variaient selon le secteur industriel entre des preuves de très faible qualité et de très faible qualité pour la prévalence et étaient de très faible qualité pour le niveau. Pour l'exposition professionnelle à la poussière de charbon, les preuves étaient de qualité très faible ou modérée pour la prévalence et faible pour le niveau. Aucune des études incluses n'était basée sur la population (c'est-à-dire qu'elle couvrait l'ensemble de la population ouvrière du secteur industriel), ce qui, selon nous, présentait de sérieuses préoccupations quant à son caractère indirect, à l'exception de l'exposition à la poussière de charbon dans le secteur industriel des mines de charbon et de lignite. Certaines estimations des prévalences et des niveaux d'exposition professionnelle à la silice par secteur industriel sont considérées comme appropriées comme données d'entrée pour les estimations conjointes OMS/OIT, et certaines estimations des prévalences et des niveaux d'exposition professionnelle à l'amiante et à la poussière de charbon peuvent peut-être également convenir à des fins d'estimation. Identifiant du protocole doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.005 Numéro d'enregistrement PROSPERO CRD42018084131 The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), with contributions from a large number of individual experts. Evidence from human, animal and mechanistic data suggests that occupational exposure to dusts and/or fibres (silica, asbestos and coal dust) causes pneumoconiosis. In this paper, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalences and levels of occupational exposure to silica, asbestos and coal dust. These estimates of prevalences and levels will serve as input data for estimating (if feasible) the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years that are attributable to occupational exposure to silica, asbestos and coal dust, for the development of the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates. We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the prevalences and levels of occupational exposure to silica, asbestos and coal dust among working-age (≥15 years) workers. Data sources We searched electronic academic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, including Ovid Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, and CISDOC. We also searched electronic grey literature databases, Internet search engines and organizational websites; hand-searched reference lists of previous systematic reviews and included study records; and consulted additional experts. Study eligibility and criteria We included working-age (≥15 years) workers in the formal and informal economy in any WHO Member and/or ILO member State but excluded children (2.4 million measurements covering 23 countries from all WHO regions (Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia, Europe, and Western Pacific). The target population in all 88 included studies was from major ISCO groups 3 (Technicians and Associate Professionals), 6 (Skilled Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers), 7 (Craft and Related Trades Workers), 8 (Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers), and 9 (Elementary Occupations), hereafter called manual workers. Most studies were performed in Construction, Manufacturing and Mining. For occupational exposure to silica, 65 studies (61 cross-sectional studies and 4 longitudinal studies) were included with >2.3 million measurements collected in 22 countries in all six WHO regions. For occupational exposure to asbestos, 18 studies (17 cross-sectional studies and 1 longitudinal) were included with >20,000 measurements collected in eight countries in five WHO regions (no data for Africa). For occupational exposure to coal dust, eight studies (all cross-sectional) were included comprising >100,000 samples in six countries in five WHO regions (no data for Eastern Mediterranean). Exposure to silica, asbestos and coal dust was assessed with personal or stationary active filter sampling; for silica and asbestos, gravimetric assessment was followed by technical analysis. Risk of bias profiles varied between the bodies of evidence looking at asbestos, silica and coal dust, as well as between industrial sectors. However, risk of bias was generally highest for the domain of selection of participants into the studies. The largest bodies of evidence for silica related to the industrial sectors of Construction (ISIC 41-43), Manufacturing (ISIC 20, 23-25, 27, 31-32) and Mining (ISIC 05, 07, 08). For Construction, the pooled prevalence estimate was 0.89 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.93, 17 studies, I2 91%, moderate quality of evidence) and the level estimate was rated as of very low quality of evidence. For Manufacturing, the pooled prevalence estimate was 0.85 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.91, 24 studies, I2 100%, moderate quality of evidence) and the pooled level estimate was rated as of very low quality of evidence. The pooled prevalence estimate for Mining was 0.75 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.82, 20 studies, I2 100%, moderate quality of evidence) and the pooled level estimate was 0.04 mg/m3 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.05, 17 studies, I2 100%, low quality of evidence). Smaller bodies of evidence were identified for Crop and animal production (ISIC 01; very low quality of evidence for both prevalence and level); Professional, scientific and technical activities (ISIC 71, 74; very low quality of evidence for both prevalence and level); and Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (ISIC 35; very low quality of evidence for both prevalence and level). For asbestos, the pooled prevalence estimate for Construction (ISIC 41, 43, 45,) was 0.77 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.87, six studies, I2 99%, low quality of evidence) and the level estimate was rated as of very low quality of evidence. For Manufacturing (ISIC 13, 23-24, 29-30), the pooled prevalence and level estimates were rated as being of very low quality of evidence. Smaller bodies of evidence were identified for Other mining and quarrying (ISIC 08; very low quality of evidence for both prevalence and level); Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (ISIC 35; very low quality of evidence for both prevalence and level); and Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation (ISIC 37; very low quality of evidence for levels). For coal dust, the pooled prevalence estimate for Mining of coal and lignite (ISIC 05), was 1.00 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.00, six studies, I2 16%, moderate quality of evidence) and the pooled level estimate was 0.77 mg/m3 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.86, three studies, I2 100%, low quality of evidence). A small body of evidence was identified for Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (ISIC 35); with very low quality of evidence for prevalence, and the pooled level estimate being 0.60 mg/m3 (95% CI -6.95 to 8.14, one study, low quality of evidence). Overall, we judged the bodies of evidence for occupational exposure to silica to vary by industrial sector between very low and moderate quality of evidence for prevalence, and very low and low for level. For occupational exposure to asbestos, the bodies of evidence varied by industrial sector between very low and low quality of evidence for prevalence and were of very low quality of evidence for level. For occupational exposure to coal dust, the bodies of evidence were of very low or moderate quality of evidence for prevalence, and low for level. None of the included studies were population-based studies (i.e., covered the entire workers' population in the industrial sector), which we judged to present serious concern for indirectness, except for exposure to coal dust within the industrial sector of mining of coal and lignite. Selected estimates of the prevalences and levels of occupational exposure to silica by industrial sector are considered suitable as input data for the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates, and selected estimates of the prevalences and levels of occupational exposure to asbestos and coal dust may perhaps also be suitable for estimation purposes. Protocol identifier doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.005 PROSPERO registration number CRD42018084131
Tampere University: ... arrow_drop_down Tampere University: TrepoArticle . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/208755Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere UniversityArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere Universityadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Tampere University: ... arrow_drop_down Tampere University: TrepoArticle . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/208755Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere UniversityArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere Universityadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Review , Other literature type , Journal 2003 BelgiumPublisher:IWA Publishing Authors: Estache, Antonio; Trujillo, Lourdes;This paper provides a “back-of-the-envelope” assessment of the efficiency effects of the reforms of the water sector in Argentina. Private operators are now key players in 15 of Argentina's provinces. While all have adopted incentive based regulatory regimes which require estimates of economic efficiency changes, none have actually issued any estimate yet. This paper provides upper bounds estimates of efficiency gains achieved for four operators. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implication of the results for regulatory accounting and data collection processes by regulators in developing countries relying on incentive based regulatory systems.
Water Policy arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAReview . 2003Data sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2166/wp.2003.0022&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 36 citations 36 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Water Policy arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAReview . 2003Data sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2166/wp.2003.0022&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Research , Other literature type , Journal , Preprint , Report 2008 Netherlands, BelgiumPublisher:Elsevier BV Authors: Robert Lensink; Robert Lensink; Aljar Meesters; Niels Hermes;This paper uses stochastic frontier analysis to examine whether there is a trade-off between outreach to the poor and efficiency of microfinance institutions (MFIs). We find convincing evidence that outreach is negatively related to efficiency of MFIs. More specifically, we find that MFIs that have a lower average loan balance (a measure of the depth of outreach) are also less efficient. Moreover, we find evidence showing that MFIs that have more women borrowers as clients (again a measure of the depth of outreach) are less efficient. These results remain robustly significant after having added a number of control variables.
SSRN Electronic Jour... arrow_drop_down DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Research . 2008Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)World DevelopmentArticle . 2011License: taverneData sources: University of Groningen Research PortalUniversity of Groningen Research PortalResearch . 2008Data sources: University of Groningen Research PortalDANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Article . 2011Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu497 citations 497 popularity Top 0.1% influence Top 1% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert SSRN Electronic Jour... arrow_drop_down DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Research . 2008Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)World DevelopmentArticle . 2011License: taverneData sources: University of Groningen Research PortalUniversity of Groningen Research PortalResearch . 2008Data sources: University of Groningen Research PortalDANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Article . 2011Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2139/ssrn.1143925&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2017 BelgiumPublisher:Public Library of Science (PLoS) Authors: Antonio Agüera; In-Young Ahn; Charlène Guillaumot; Bruno Danis;pmid: 28850607
pmc: PMC5574559
Antarctic marine organisms are adapted to an extreme environment, characterized by a very low but stable temperature and a strong seasonality in food availability arousing from variations in day length. Ocean organisms are particularly vulnerable to global climate change with some regions being impacted by temperature increase and changes in primary production. Climate change also affects the biotic components of marine ecosystems and has an impact on the distribution and seasonal physiology of Antarctic marine organisms. Knowledge on the impact of climate change in key species is highly important because their performance affects ecosystem functioning. To predict the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems, a holistic understanding of the life history and physiology of Antarctic key species is urgently needed. DEB (Dynamic Energy Budget) theory captures the metabolic processes of an organism through its entire life cycle as a function of temperature and food availability. The DEB model is a tool that can be used to model lifetime feeding, growth, reproduction, and their responses to changes in biotic and abiotic conditions. In this study, we estimate the DEB model parameters for the bivalve Laternula elliptica using literature-extracted and field data. The DEB model we present here aims at better understanding the biology of L. elliptica and its levels of adaptation to its habitat with a special focus on food seasonality. The model parameters describe a metabolism specifically adapted to low temperatures, with a low maintenance cost and a high capacity to uptake and mobilise energy, providing this organism with a level of energetic performance matching that of related species from temperate regions. It was also found that L. elliptica has a large energy reserve that allows enduring long periods of starvation. Additionally, we applied DEB parameters to time-series data on biological traits (organism condition, gonad growth) to describe the effect of a varying environment in food and temperature on the organism condition and energy use. The DEB model developed here for L. elliptica allowed us to improve benchmark knowledge on the ecophysiology of this key species, providing new insights in the role of food availability and temperature on its life cycle and reproduction strategy.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 50 citations 50 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Research , Preprint , Report 2013 BelgiumPublisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC Authors: Marek Hudon; Marion Allet; Marion Allet;In recent years, development practice has seen that microfinance institutions (MFIs) are starting to consider their environmental bottom line in addition to their financial and social objectives. Yet, little is known about the characteristics of institutions involved in environmental management. This paper empirically identifies the characteristics of these MFIs for the first time using a sample of 160 microfinance institutions worldwide. Basing our analysis on various econometric tests, we find that larger MFIs and MFIs registered as banks tend to perform better in environmental policy and environmental risk assessment. Furthermore, more mature MFIs tend to have better environmental performances, in particular in providing green microcredit and environmental non-financial services. On the other hand, financial performance is not significantly related to environmental performance, suggesting that ‘green’ MFIs are not more or less profitable than other microfinance institutions.
Research Papers in E... arrow_drop_down Journal of Business EthicsArticle . 2013 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Springer TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1007/s10551-013-1942-5&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 83 citations 83 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Research Papers in E... arrow_drop_down Journal of Business EthicsArticle . 2013 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Springer TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , Research , Preprint , Report 2010 BelgiumPublisher:Universit� degli studi di Bergamo Authors: Nawaz, Ahmad;Unlike conventional finance institutions, Microfinance institutions (MFIs) strive for financial sustainability but also empowerment of the poor. This social nature of MFIs is mainly financed by subsidies from donors. This paper measures the extent of subsidization in MF sector for the years 2005 and 2006 using Yaron’s Subsidy Dependence Index (SDI) which measures the social cost of subsidized MFIs in a short time frame. This latest data set has been generated from the audit reports of the 204 MFIs with 23 million borrowers in 54 Countries worldwide constituting a significant part of the microfinance outreach worldwide. Based on our subsidy calculations, for the year 2005, 153 MFIs out of 204 are subsidy dependent while for year 2006 it is 122 out of 179 MFIs. A with & without subsidy analysis of conventional financial ratios confirm the fact that MFIs financial performance declines substantially with-out subsidies. Based on the evidence, the paper also highlights the factors which contribute and dec rease the sustainability of microfinance info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Research Papers in E... arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Preprint 2007 BelgiumPublisher:Wiley Achten, Wouter; Mathijs, E.f; Verchot, L.V.e; Singh, V.P.c; Aerts, Raf; Muys, Bart;AbstractJatropha curcas is a multipurpose, drought‐resistant, biofuel tree originating from Central and South America, but now growing pantropic. The tree produces seeds containing 27–40% inedible oil, which is easily convertible into biodiesel. Although even some basic agronomic characteristics of J. curcas are not yet fully under‐s‐tood, the plant enjoys a booming interest, which may hold the risk of unsustainable practice. Our qualitative sustainability assessment, focusing on environmental impacts and strengthened by some socio‐economic issues, is quite favorable as long as only wastelands or degraded grounds are taken into J. curcas cultivation. Preliminary lifecycle energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) balances are positive, but the GHG balance is expected to be much dependent on the type of land use which is converted to J. curcas. Removing natural forest will have a severe impact on the global warming potential of the jatropha biodiesel. The cultivation intensity and the distance to markets are expected to have a significant impact on the GHG balance as well. Similar reasoning applies for the impact on soil, water, vegetation structure and biodiversity, although the latter will always depend on local circumstances. Next to biodiesel production and wasteland reclamation, J. curcas also hosts socio‐economic development potential. The multipurpose character of the plant and the labor‐intensive production chain are thought to be the main drivers for rural development, but are uncertain. In order to achieve best results with respect to both environmental and socio‐economic issues, decisions have to be based on local environmental, economical, cultural and social characteristics. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Lirias arrow_drop_down Biofuels Bioproducts and BiorefiningArticle . 2007 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Wiley Online Library User AgreementData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 203 citations 203 popularity Top 1% influence Top 1% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Lirias arrow_drop_down Biofuels Bioproducts and BiorefiningArticle . 2007 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Wiley Online Library User AgreementData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2021 BelgiumPublisher:MDPI AG Funded by:EC | HumMingBirdEC| HumMingBirdAuthors: Ahmad Wali Ahmad-Yar; Tuba Bircan;Migration is one of the key aspects of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To understand global migration patterns, develop scenarios, design effective policies, focus on the population’s needs, and identify how these needs change over time, we need accurate, reliable and timely data. The gaps in international migration data have persisted since international organizations collect data. To improve the data gaps, there is a need to conceptualize the types of gaps and pinpoint the gaps within the international data systems. To that end, the ultimate objective of this paper is twofold, (i) to review and categorize the gaps in the literature and (ii) assess the statistical data sources, i.e., United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs (UN DESA), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), International Organization for Migration (IOM), Eurostat, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Our results demonstrate that the gaps could be categorized under (1) definitions and measures, (2) drivers or reasons behind migration, (3) geographic coverage, (4) gaps in demographic characteristics and (5) the time lag in the availability of data. The reviewed sources suffer from the gaps, which are not mutually exclusive (they are interlinked): the quality and availability of both migration flows and stocks data vary across regions and countries, and migration statistics highly rely on immigrants’ arrival.
Sustainability arrow_drop_down SustainabilityArticleLicense: CC BYFull-Text: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/7/4032/pdfData sources: SygmaVrije Universiteit Brussel Research PortalArticle . 2021Data sources: Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research Portaladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 13 citations 13 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Sustainability arrow_drop_down SustainabilityArticleLicense: CC BYFull-Text: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/7/4032/pdfData sources: SygmaVrije Universiteit Brussel Research PortalArticle . 2021Data sources: Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research Portaladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2017 BelgiumPublisher:MDPI AG Authors: Tung Ho; Hong Nguyen; Thu-Trang Vuong; Quan-Hoang Vuong;The topic of sustainability has mostly been tied to economic development and environmental protection, yet not much attention has been paid to the need for high problem-solving capacity as this underlines both issues. One of the most straightforward ways to improve problem-solving capacity is to nurture ‘productive and enduring’, i.e., sustainable, scientific communities. The study examines the co-authoring behaviors of 412 Vietnamese social scientists over the 2008–2017 period via social network analysis to determine if these researchers have formed sustainable scientific communities, using Scopus data. The dataset provides an insightful look into the predominant form of collaboration, i.e., co-authorship, within the Vietnamese social science research communities. Through basic network metrics such as density and clustering coefficient, the study hypothesizes that the socially sustainable research communities are those with low clustering and high density. As any scholar's position in a network can be specified by three quantities: the number of publications, connections, and years in research, the distance metrics from the most productive to the rest are computed and compared. The study hypothesizes that if the distance is too large; it reflects the socially unsustainable situation in the network. The results indicate that certain level of social unsustainability exists in social sciences groups in Vietnam. Though the results are only indicative, it has opened up a fertile space for future inquiry into this matter.
Sustainability arrow_drop_down SustainabilityOther literature type . 2017License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/11/2142/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/su9112142&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 10 citations 10 popularity Average influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Sustainability arrow_drop_down SustainabilityOther literature type . 2017License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/11/2142/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/su9112142&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019 Spain, Australia, Belgium, SpainPublisher:Informa UK Limited Authors: Alonso-García, J; Rosado-Cebrian, B;We analyse the effect of post-financial crisis unemployment dynamics on the Spanish pension system’s financial health using Aggregate Accounting. We compare the basic scenario where the current labour market dynamics persist with a full employment (best-case) scenario. We find that economic risk is the main driver of unsustainability in the short run. However, in the long run, the main driver of expenditures lies in the ageing demographic structure. Our results suggest that future reforms should increase labour market participation but confirm that recent pension reforms do not attain sustainability in the long run, indicating the need of further pension reforms. This work was supported by the ARC Center of Excellence in Population Ageing Research [CE110001029]. peerReviewed
UNSWorks arrow_drop_down UNSWorksArticle . 2021License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/unsworks_58251Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Universidad de Extremadura: DehesaArticle . 2019License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Journal of Economic Policy ReformArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: CrossrefJournal of Economic Policy ReformArticle . 2019License: CC BY NC NDData sources: University of Groningen Research PortalRecolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2024 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1080/17487870.2019.1599718&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 18 citations 18 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert UNSWorks arrow_drop_down UNSWorksArticle . 2021License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/unsworks_58251Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Universidad de Extremadura: DehesaArticle . 2019License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Journal of Economic Policy ReformArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: CrossrefJournal of Economic Policy ReformArticle . 2019License: CC BY NC NDData sources: University of Groningen Research PortalRecolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2024 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2023 Belgium, FinlandPublisher:Elsevier BV Vivi Schlünssen; Daniele Mandrioli; Frank Pega; Natalie C. Momen; Balázs Ádám; Weihong Chen; Robert A. Cohen; Lode Godderis; Thomas Göen; Kishor Hadkhale; Watinee Kunpeuk; Jianlin Lou; Stefan Mandić‐Rajčević; Federica Masci; Benoít Nemery; Mădălina Popa; Nattadhanai Rajatanavin; Daria Sgargi; Somkiat Siriruttanapruk; Xin Sun; Repeepong Suphanchaimat; Panithee Thammawijaya; Yuka Ujita; Stevie van der Mierden; K. Вангелова; Meng Ye; Muzimkhulu Zungu; Paul T.J. Scheepers;La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) están desarrollando estimaciones conjuntas de la carga laboral de enfermedades y lesiones (estimaciones conjuntas OMS/OIT), con contribuciones de un gran número de expertos individuales. La evidencia de datos humanos, animales y mecanicistas sugiere que la exposición ocupacional a polvos y/o fibras (sílice, asbesto y polvo de carbón) causa neumoconiosis. En este artículo, presentamos una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis de las prevalencias y los niveles de exposición ocupacional al sílice, el asbesto y el polvo de carbón. Estas estimaciones de prevalencias y niveles servirán como datos de entrada para estimar (si es posible) el número de muertes y años de vida ajustados por discapacidad que son atribuibles a la exposición ocupacional a la sílice, el amianto y el polvo de carbón, para el desarrollo de las Estimaciones Conjuntas OMS/OIT. Nuestro objetivo fue revisar y metaanalizar sistemáticamente las estimaciones de las prevalencias y los niveles de exposición ocupacional al sílice, el asbesto y el polvo de carbón entre los trabajadores en edad laboral (≥15 años). Fuentes de datos Se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos académicas electrónicas de registros potencialmente relevantes de estudios publicados y no publicados, incluidos Ovid Medline, PubMed, EMBASE y CISDOC. También realizamos búsquedas en bases de datos electrónicas de literatura gris, motores de búsqueda en Internet y sitios web de organizaciones; buscamos a mano listas de referencias de revisiones sistemáticas anteriores e incluimos registros de estudios; y consultamos a expertos adicionales. Elegibilidad y criterios del estudio Incluimos a los trabajadores en edad de trabajar (≥15 años) en la economía formal e informal en cualquier Estado miembro de la OMS y/o de la OIT, pero excluimos a los niños (2,4 millones de mediciones QUE cubren 23 países de todas las regiones de la OMS (África, América, Mediterráneo Oriental, Asia Sudoriental, Europa y Pacífico Occidental). La población objetivo en los 88 estudios incluidos era de los principales grupos de Isco 3 (Técnicos y Profesionales Asociados), 6 (Trabajadores Calificados Agrícolas, Forestales y Pesqueros), 7 (Trabajadores Artesanales y de Oficios Relacionados), 8 (Operadores y Ensambladores de Plantas y Máquinas) y 9 (Ocupaciones Elementales), en lo sucesivo denominados trabajadores manuales. La mayoría de los estudios se realizaron en Construcción, Fabricación y Minería. Para la exposición ocupacional a la sílice, se incluyeron 65 estudios (61 estudios transversales y 4 estudios longitudinales) con >2,3 millones de mediciones recopiladas en 22 países en las seis regiones de la OMS. Para la exposición ocupacional al amianto, se incluyeron 18 estudios (17 estudios transversales y 1 longitudinal) con >20.000 mediciones recopiladas en ocho países en cinco regiones de la OMS (no hay datos para África). Para la exposición ocupacional al polvo de carbón, se incluyeron ocho estudios (todos transversales) que comprendían >100.000 muestras en seis países en cinco regiones de la OMS (sin datos para el Mediterráneo Oriental). La exposición a sílice, asbesto y polvo de carbón se evaluó con un muestreo de filtro activo personal o estacionario; para sílice y asbesto, la evaluación gravimétrica fue seguida por un análisis técnico. Los perfiles de riesgo de sesgo variaron entre los cuerpos de evidencia que analizaron el asbesto, la sílice y el polvo de carbón, así como entre los sectores industriales. Sin embargo, el riesgo de sesgo fue generalmente más alto para el dominio de selección de participantes en los estudios. Los mayores cuerpos de evidencia de sílice relacionados con los sectores industriales de la Construcción (CIIU 41-43), Manufactura (CIIU 20, 23-25, 27, 31-32) y Minería (CIIU 05, 07, 08). Para Construcción, la estimación de prevalencia agrupada fue de 0.89 (IC del 95%: 0.84 a 0.93, 17 estudios, I2 91%, calidad moderada de la evidencia) y la estimación del nivel se calificó como de muy baja calidad de la evidencia. Para la manufactura, la estimación de prevalencia combinada fue de 0.85 (IC del 95%: 0.78 a 0.91, 24 estudios, I2 100%, calidad moderada de la evidencia) y la estimación del nivel combinado se calificó como de muy baja calidad de la evidencia. La estimación de prevalencia combinada para la minería fue de 0,75 (IC del 95%: 0,68 a 0,82, 20 estudios, I2 100%, calidad moderada de la evidencia) y la estimación del nivel combinado fue de 0,04 mg/m3 (IC del 95%: 0,03 a 0,05, 17 estudios, I2 100%, baja calidad de la evidencia). Se identificaron cuerpos de evidencia más pequeños para la producción de cultivos y animales (CIIU 01; evidencia de muy baja calidad tanto para la prevalencia como para el nivel); actividades profesionales, científicas y técnicas (CIIU 71, 74; evidencia de muy baja calidad tanto para la prevalencia como para el nivel); y suministro de electricidad, gas, vapor y aire acondicionado (CIIU 35; evidencia de muy baja calidad tanto para la prevalencia como para el nivel). Para el amianto, la estimación de prevalencia combinada para la construcción (CIIU 41, 43, 45) fue de 0,77 (IC del 95%: 0,65 a 0,87, seis estudios, I2 99%, baja calidad de la evidencia) y la estimación del nivel se calificó como de muy baja calidad de la evidencia. Para la manufactura (CIIU 13, 23-24, 29-30), las estimaciones agrupadas de prevalencia y nivel se calificaron como de muy baja calidad de evidencia. Se identificaron cuerpos de evidencia más pequeños para Otras minas y canteras (CIIU 08; evidencia de muy baja calidad tanto para la prevalencia como para el nivel); Suministro de electricidad, gas, vapor y aire acondicionado (CIIU 35; evidencia de muy baja calidad tanto para la prevalencia como para el nivel); y Suministro de agua, alcantarillado, gestión de desechos y remediación (CIIU 37; evidencia de muy baja calidad para los niveles). Para el polvo de carbón, la estimación de prevalencia combinada para la extracción de carbón y lignito (CIIU 05) fue de 1,00 (IC del 95%: 1,00 a 1,00, seis estudios, I2 16%, calidad moderada de la evidencia) y la estimación del nivel combinado fue de 0,77 mg/m3 (IC del 95%: 0,68 a 0,86, tres estudios, I2 100%, baja calidad de la evidencia). Se identificó un pequeño cuerpo de evidencia para el suministro de electricidad, gas, vapor y aire acondicionado (CIIU 35); con una calidad de evidencia muy baja para la prevalencia, y la estimación del nivel combinado es de 0,60 mg/m3 (IC del 95%: -6,95 a 8,14, un estudio, evidencia de baja calidad). En general, consideramos que los cuerpos de evidencia para la exposición ocupacional a la sílice varían según el sector industrial entre una calidad de evidencia muy baja y moderada para la prevalencia, y muy baja y baja para el nivel. Para la exposición ocupacional al amianto, los cuerpos de evidencia variaron según el sector industrial entre muy baja y baja calidad de evidencia para la prevalencia y fueron de muy baja calidad de evidencia para el nivel. Para la exposición ocupacional al polvo de carbón, los cuerpos de evidencia fueron de muy baja o moderada calidad de evidencia para la prevalencia y baja para el nivel. Ninguno de los estudios incluidos fueron estudios basados en la población (es decir, cubrieron a toda la población de trabajadores en el sector industrial), que consideramos que presentan una seria preocupación por la indirecta, excepto por la exposición al polvo de carbón dentro del sector industrial de la minería de carbón y lignito. Las estimaciones seleccionadas de las prevalencias y los niveles de exposición ocupacional a la sílice por sector industrial se consideran adecuadas como datos de entrada para las estimaciones conjuntas de la OMS/OIT, y las estimaciones seleccionadas de las prevalencias y los niveles de exposición ocupacional al amianto y al polvo de carbón tal vez también sean adecuadas para fines de estimación. Identificador de protocolo doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.005 número de registro de PROSPERO CRD42018084131 تقوم منظمة الصحة العالمية ومنظمة العمل الدولية بوضع تقديرات مشتركة لعبء المرض والإصابة المرتبط بالعمل (تقديرات مشتركة بين منظمة الصحة العالمية ومنظمة العمل الدولية)، بمساهمات من عدد كبير من الخبراء الأفراد. تشير الأدلة المستقاة من البيانات البشرية والحيوانية والميكانيكية إلى أن التعرض المهني للغبار و/أو الألياف (السيليكا والأسبستوس وغبار الفحم) يسبب تغبر الرئة. في هذه الورقة، نقدم مراجعة منهجية وتحليل تلوي لانتشار ومستويات التعرض المهني للسيليكا والأسبستوس وغبار الفحم. وستكون هذه التقديرات لمعدلات الانتشار والمستويات بمثابة بيانات مدخلات لتقدير (إن أمكن) عدد الوفيات وسنوات العمر المعدلة حسب الإعاقة التي تعزى إلى التعرض المهني للسيليكا والأسبستوس وغبار الفحم، من أجل وضع التقديرات المشتركة بين منظمة الصحة العالمية ومنظمة العمل الدولية. كنا نهدف إلى المراجعة المنهجية والتحليل التلوي للتقديرات المتعلقة بمعدلات ومستويات التعرض المهني للسيليكا والأسبستوس وغبار الفحم بين العمال في سن العمل (≥15 عامًا). مصادر البيانات بحثنا في قواعد البيانات الأكاديمية الإلكترونية عن السجلات ذات الصلة المحتملة من الدراسات المنشورة وغير المنشورة، بما في ذلك Ovid Medline و PubMed و EMBASE و CISDOC. كما بحثنا في قواعد بيانات الأدبيات الرمادية الإلكترونية ومحركات البحث على الإنترنت ومواقع الويب التنظيمية ؛ وبحثنا يدويًا في قوائم مرجعية للمراجعات المنهجية السابقة وتضمين سجلات الدراسة ؛ واستشرنا خبراء إضافيين. أهلية الدراسة ومعاييرها قمنا بتضمين العمال في سن العمل (≥15 عامًا) في الاقتصاد الرسمي وغير الرسمي في أي دولة عضو في منظمة الصحة العالمية و/أو دولة عضو في منظمة العمل الدولية ولكننا استبعدنا الأطفال (<15 عامًا) والعمال المنزليين غير المأجورين. قمنا بتضمين جميع أنواع الدراسات ذات قياسات الغبار أو الألياف الموضوعية، المنشورة بين عامي 1960 و 2018، والتي أبلغت بشكل مباشر أو غير مباشر عن تقدير لانتشار و/أو مستوى التعرض المهني للسيليكا والأسبستوس و/أو غبار الفحم. طرق تقييم الدراسة وتوليفها قام اثنان على الأقل من مؤلفي المراجعة بفحص العناوين والملخصات بشكل مستقل مقابل معايير الأهلية في المرحلة الأولى والنصوص الكاملة للسجلات التي يحتمل أن تكون مؤهلة في مرحلة ثانية، ثم تم استخراج البيانات من الدراسات المؤهلة. جمعنا تقديرات الانتشار حسب القطاع الصناعي (مستوى ISIC -4 المكون من رقمين مع دمج إضافي داخل التعدين والتصنيع والبناء) باستخدام التحليل التلوي للآثار العشوائية. قام اثنان أو أكثر من مؤلفي المراجعة بتقييم مخاطر التحيز وقام جميع المؤلفين المتاحين بتقييم جودة الأدلة، باستخدام أداة ROB - SPEO ونهج QOE - SPEO الذي تم تطويره خصيصًا للتقديرات المشتركة بين منظمة الصحة العالمية ومنظمة العمل الدولية. استوفت ثمان وثمانون دراسة (82 دراسة مستعرضة و 6 دراسات طولية) معايير الإدراج، التي تشمل أكثر من 2.4 مليون قياس تغطي 23 دولة من جميع أقاليم منظمة الصحة العالمية (أفريقيا والأمريكتان وشرق البحر الأبيض المتوسط وجنوب شرق آسيا وأوروبا وغرب المحيط الهادئ). كان السكان المستهدفون في جميع الدراسات البالغ عددها 88 دراسة من المجموعات الرئيسية للتصنيف الدولي الموحد للمهن (ISCO) 3 (الفنيون والمهنيون المعاونون)، و 6 (العمال المهرة في الزراعة والغابات ومصائد الأسماك)، و 7 (عمال الحرف اليدوية والحرف ذات الصلة)، و 8 (مشغلي المصانع والآلات والمجمعين)، و 9 (المهن الأولية)، والتي تسمى فيما يلي العمال اليدويين. تم إجراء معظم الدراسات في البناء والتصنيع والتعدين. بالنسبة للتعرض المهني للسيليكا، تم تضمين 65 دراسة (61 دراسة مقطعية و 4 دراسات طولية) مع أكثر من 2.3 مليون قياس تم جمعها في 22 دولة في جميع مناطق منظمة الصحة العالمية الست. بالنسبة للتعرض المهني للأسبستوس، تم تضمين 18 دراسة (17 دراسة مستعرضة ودراسة طولية واحدة) مع أكثر من 20000 قياس تم جمعها في ثمانية بلدان في خمس مناطق لمنظمة الصحة العالمية (لا توجد بيانات لأفريقيا). بالنسبة للتعرض المهني لغبار الفحم، تم تضمين ثماني دراسات (جميعها مستعرضة) تضم أكثر من 100000 عينة في ستة بلدان في خمس مناطق لمنظمة الصحة العالمية (لا توجد بيانات لشرق المتوسط). تم تقييم التعرض للسيليكا والأسبستوس وغبار الفحم مع أخذ عينات المرشحات النشطة الشخصية أو الثابتة ؛ بالنسبة للسيليكا والأسبستوس، تبع تقييم الجاذبية التحليل الفني. تنوعت مخاطر التحيز بين مجموعات الأدلة التي تبحث في الأسبستوس والسيليكا وغبار الفحم، وكذلك بين القطاعات الصناعية. ومع ذلك، كان خطر التحيز أعلى بشكل عام في مجال اختيار المشاركين في الدراسات. أكبر مجموعات الأدلة على السيليكا المتعلقة بالقطاعات الصناعية للبناء (ISIC 41-43) والتصنيع (ISIC 20، 23-25، 27، 31-32) والتعدين (ISIC 05، 07، 08). بالنسبة للبناء، كان تقدير الانتشار المجمع 0.89 (95 ٪ CI 0.84 إلى 0.93، 17 دراسة، I2 91 ٪، جودة معتدلة من الأدلة) وتم تصنيف تقدير المستوى على أنه ذو جودة منخفضة جدًا من الأدلة. بالنسبة للتصنيع، كان تقدير الانتشار المجمع 0.85 (95 ٪ CI 0.78 إلى 0.91، 24 دراسة، I2 100 ٪، جودة معتدلة من الأدلة) وتم تصنيف تقدير المستوى المجمع على أنه ذو جودة منخفضة جدًا من الأدلة. كان تقدير الانتشار المجمع للتعدين 0.75 (95 ٪ CI 0.68 إلى 0.82، 20 دراسة، I2 100 ٪، جودة أدلة معتدلة) وكان تقدير المستوى المجمع 0.04 ملغ/م 3 (95 ٪ CI 0.03 إلى 0.05، 17 دراسة، I2 100 ٪، جودة أدلة منخفضة). تم تحديد مجموعات أصغر من الأدلة للإنتاج المحصولي والحيواني (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 01 ؛ جودة أدلة منخفضة للغاية لكل من الانتشار والمستوى )؛ الأنشطة المهنية والعلمية والتقنية (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 71، 74 ؛ جودة أدلة منخفضة للغاية لكل من الانتشار والمستوى )؛ وإمدادات الكهرباء والغاز والبخار وتكييف الهواء (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 35 ؛ جودة أدلة منخفضة للغاية لكل من الانتشار والمستوى). بالنسبة للأسبستوس، كان تقدير الانتشار المجمع للبناء (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 41، 43، 45،) 0.77 (95 ٪ CI 0.65 إلى 0.87، ست دراسات، I2 99 ٪، انخفاض جودة الأدلة) وتم تصنيف تقدير المستوى على أنه ذو جودة منخفضة جدًا من الأدلة. بالنسبة للتصنيع (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 13، 23-24، 29-30)، تم تصنيف الانتشار المجمع وتقديرات المستوى على أنها ذات جودة منخفضة للغاية من الأدلة. تم تحديد مجموعات أصغر من الأدلة للتعدين والمحاجر الأخرى (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 08 ؛ جودة منخفضة جدًا من الأدلة لكل من الانتشار والمستوى )؛ إمدادات الكهرباء والغاز والبخار وتكييف الهواء (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 35 ؛ جودة منخفضة جدًا من الأدلة لكل من الانتشار والمستوى )؛ وإمدادات المياه والصرف الصحي وإدارة النفايات ومعالجتها (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 37 ؛ جودة منخفضة جدًا من الأدلة للمستويات). بالنسبة لغبار الفحم، كان تقدير الانتشار المجمع لتعدين الفحم والليجنيت (ISIC 05) 1.00 (95 ٪ CI 1.00 إلى 1.00، ست دراسات، I2 16 ٪، جودة معتدلة من الأدلة) وكان تقدير المستوى المجمع 0.77 ملغ/م 3 (95 ٪ CI 0.68 إلى 0.86، ثلاث دراسات، I2 100 ٪، جودة منخفضة من الأدلة). تم تحديد مجموعة صغيرة من الأدلة لإمدادات الكهرباء والغاز والبخار وتكييف الهواء (التصنيف الصناعي الدولي الموحد 35 )؛ مع انخفاض جودة الأدلة على الانتشار، وتقدير المستوى المجمع هو 0.60 ملغ/م 3 (95 ٪ CI -6.95 إلى 8.14، دراسة واحدة، انخفاض جودة الأدلة). بشكل عام، حكمنا على مجموعات الأدلة الخاصة بالتعرض المهني للسيليكا باختلاف القطاع الصناعي بين الجودة المنخفضة والمتوسطة جدًا للأدلة على الانتشار، والمنخفضة جدًا والمنخفضة للمستوى. بالنسبة للتعرض المهني للأسبستوس، تفاوتت الأدلة حسب القطاع الصناعي بين أدلة منخفضة جدًا ومنخفضة الجودة على الانتشار وكانت ذات جودة منخفضة جدًا من الأدلة على المستوى. بالنسبة للتعرض المهني لغبار الفحم، كانت الأدلة ذات جودة منخفضة جدًا أو معتدلة من الأدلة على الانتشار، ومنخفضة بالنسبة للمستوى. لم تكن أي من الدراسات المدرجة دراسات قائمة على السكان (أي غطت جميع سكان العمال في القطاع الصناعي)، والتي رأينا أنها تشكل قلقًا خطيرًا بشأن عدم المباشرة، باستثناء التعرض لغبار الفحم داخل القطاع الصناعي لتعدين الفحم واللجنيت. تعتبر التقديرات المختارة لانتشار ومستويات التعرض المهني للسيليكا حسب القطاع الصناعي مناسبة كبيانات مدخلات للتقديرات المشتركة بين منظمة الصحة العالمية ومنظمة العمل الدولية، وقد تكون التقديرات المختارة لانتشار ومستويات التعرض المهني للأسبستوس وغبار الفحم مناسبة أيضًا لأغراض التقدير. معرف البروتوكول doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.005 رقم تسجيل PROSPERO CRD42018084131 L'Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) et l'Organisation internationale du Travail (OIT) élaborent des estimations conjointes de la charge de morbidité et de blessures liées au travail (estimations conjointes OMS/OIT), avec la contribution d'un grand nombre d'experts individuels. Les données humaines, animales et mécanistiques suggèrent que l'exposition professionnelle aux poussières et/ou aux fibres (silice, amiante et poussière de charbon) provoque une pneumoconiose. Dans cet article, nous présentons une revue systématique et une méta-analyse des prévalences et des niveaux d'exposition professionnelle à la silice, à l'amiante et à la poussière de charbon. Ces estimations des prévalences et des niveaux serviront de données d'entrée pour estimer (si possible) le nombre de décès et d'années de vie corrigées de l'invalidité qui sont attribuables à l'exposition professionnelle à la silice, à l'amiante et à la poussière de charbon, pour l'élaboration des estimations conjointes OMS/OIT. Nous avons cherché à examiner et à méta-analyser systématiquement les estimations des prévalences et des niveaux d'exposition professionnelle à la silice, à l'amiante et à la poussière de charbon chez les travailleurs en âge de travailler (≥15 ans). Sources de données Nous avons recherché dans les bases de données académiques électroniques des dossiers potentiellement pertinents provenant d'études publiées et non publiées, notamment Ovid Medline, PubMed, embase et CISDOC. Nous avons également effectué des recherches dans des bases de données électroniques de littérature grise, des moteurs de recherche Internet et des sites Web d'organisations ; effectué des recherches manuelles dans des listes de références de revues systématiques précédentes et inclus des dossiers d'étude ; et consulté des experts supplémentaires. Éligibilité et critères de l'étude Nous avons inclus les travailleurs en âge de travailler (≥15 ans) dans l'économie formelle et informelle dans tout État membre de l'OMS et/ou membre de l'OIT, mais excluons les enfants (100 000 échantillons dans six pays de cinq régions de l'OMS (aucune donnée pour la Méditerranée orientale). L'exposition à la silice, à l'amiante et à la poussière de charbon a été évaluée avec un échantillonnage de filtre actif personnel ou stationnaire ; pour la silice et l'amiante, l'évaluation gravimétrique a été suivie d'une analyse technique. Les profils de risque de biais variaient entre les éléments de preuve portant sur l'amiante, la silice et la poussière de charbon, ainsi qu'entre les secteurs industriels. Cependant, le risque de biais était généralement le plus élevé pour le domaine de sélection des participants aux études. Les plus grandes preuves pour la silice concernaient les secteurs industriels de la construction (Citi 41-43), de la fabrication (Citi 20, 23-25, 27, 31-32) et des mines (Citi 05, 07, 08). Pour la construction, l'estimation de la prévalence groupée était de 0,89 (IC à 95 % 0,84 à 0,93, 17 études, I2 91 %, qualité modérée des preuves) et l'estimation du niveau a été évaluée comme étant de très faible qualité des preuves. Pour la fabrication, l'estimation de la prévalence groupée était de 0,85 (IC à 95 % 0,78 à 0,91, 24 études, I2 100 %, qualité modérée des preuves) et l'estimation du niveau groupé a été évaluée comme étant de très faible qualité des preuves. L'estimation de la prévalence groupée pour l'exploitation minière était de 0,75 (IC à 95 % 0,68 à 0,82, 20 études, I2 100 %, qualité modérée des preuves) et l'estimation du niveau groupé était de 0,04 mg/m3 (IC à 95 % 0,03 à 0,05, 17 études, I2 100 %, faible qualité des preuves). Des ensembles de preuves plus petits ont été identifiés pour la production végétale et animale (Citi 01 ; très faible qualité des preuves pour la prévalence et le niveau) ; les activités professionnelles, scientifiques et techniques (Citi 71, 74 ; très faible qualité des preuves pour la prévalence et le niveau) ; et l'approvisionnement en électricité, en gaz, en vapeur et en climatisation (Citi 35 ; très faible qualité des preuves pour la prévalence et le niveau). Pour l'amiante, l'estimation de la prévalence groupée pour la construction (CITI 41, 43, 45) était de 0,77 (IC à 95 % 0,65 à 0,87, six études, I2 99 %, faible qualité des preuves) et l'estimation du niveau a été évaluée comme étant de très faible qualité des preuves. Pour la fabrication (Citi 13, 23-24, 29-30), les estimations de prévalence et de niveau regroupées ont été évaluées comme étant de très faible qualité de preuve. De plus petits ensembles de preuves ont été identifiés pour les autres industries extractives (CITI 08 ; très faible qualité des preuves pour la prévalence et le niveau) ; l'approvisionnement en électricité, en gaz, en vapeur et en climatisation (CITI 35 ; très faible qualité des preuves pour la prévalence et le niveau) ; et l'approvisionnement en eau, l'assainissement, la gestion des déchets et l'assainissement (CITI 37 ; très faible qualité des preuves pour les niveaux). Pour la poussière de charbon, l'estimation de la prévalence groupée pour l'extraction du charbon et du lignite (Citi 05) était de 1,00 (IC à 95 % de 1,00 à 1,00, six études, I2 16 %, qualité modérée des preuves) et l'estimation du niveau groupé était de 0,77 mg/m3 (IC à 95 % de 0,68 à 0,86, trois études, I2 100 %, faible qualité des preuves). Un petit nombre de preuves a été identifié pour l'approvisionnement en électricité, en gaz, en vapeur et en climatisation (Citi 35) ; avec une très faible qualité de preuves pour la prévalence, et l'estimation du niveau groupé étant de 0,60 mg/m3 (IC à 95 % -6,95 à 8,14, une étude, faible qualité de preuves). Dans l'ensemble, nous avons jugé que les preuves de l'exposition professionnelle à la silice variaient selon le secteur industriel entre une qualité de preuve très faible et modérée pour la prévalence, et très faible et faible pour le niveau. Pour l'exposition professionnelle à l'amiante, les preuves variaient selon le secteur industriel entre des preuves de très faible qualité et de très faible qualité pour la prévalence et étaient de très faible qualité pour le niveau. Pour l'exposition professionnelle à la poussière de charbon, les preuves étaient de qualité très faible ou modérée pour la prévalence et faible pour le niveau. Aucune des études incluses n'était basée sur la population (c'est-à-dire qu'elle couvrait l'ensemble de la population ouvrière du secteur industriel), ce qui, selon nous, présentait de sérieuses préoccupations quant à son caractère indirect, à l'exception de l'exposition à la poussière de charbon dans le secteur industriel des mines de charbon et de lignite. Certaines estimations des prévalences et des niveaux d'exposition professionnelle à la silice par secteur industriel sont considérées comme appropriées comme données d'entrée pour les estimations conjointes OMS/OIT, et certaines estimations des prévalences et des niveaux d'exposition professionnelle à l'amiante et à la poussière de charbon peuvent peut-être également convenir à des fins d'estimation. Identifiant du protocole doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.005 Numéro d'enregistrement PROSPERO CRD42018084131 The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), with contributions from a large number of individual experts. Evidence from human, animal and mechanistic data suggests that occupational exposure to dusts and/or fibres (silica, asbestos and coal dust) causes pneumoconiosis. In this paper, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalences and levels of occupational exposure to silica, asbestos and coal dust. These estimates of prevalences and levels will serve as input data for estimating (if feasible) the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years that are attributable to occupational exposure to silica, asbestos and coal dust, for the development of the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates. We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the prevalences and levels of occupational exposure to silica, asbestos and coal dust among working-age (≥15 years) workers. Data sources We searched electronic academic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, including Ovid Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, and CISDOC. We also searched electronic grey literature databases, Internet search engines and organizational websites; hand-searched reference lists of previous systematic reviews and included study records; and consulted additional experts. Study eligibility and criteria We included working-age (≥15 years) workers in the formal and informal economy in any WHO Member and/or ILO member State but excluded children (2.4 million measurements covering 23 countries from all WHO regions (Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia, Europe, and Western Pacific). The target population in all 88 included studies was from major ISCO groups 3 (Technicians and Associate Professionals), 6 (Skilled Agricultural, Forestry and Fishery Workers), 7 (Craft and Related Trades Workers), 8 (Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers), and 9 (Elementary Occupations), hereafter called manual workers. Most studies were performed in Construction, Manufacturing and Mining. For occupational exposure to silica, 65 studies (61 cross-sectional studies and 4 longitudinal studies) were included with >2.3 million measurements collected in 22 countries in all six WHO regions. For occupational exposure to asbestos, 18 studies (17 cross-sectional studies and 1 longitudinal) were included with >20,000 measurements collected in eight countries in five WHO regions (no data for Africa). For occupational exposure to coal dust, eight studies (all cross-sectional) were included comprising >100,000 samples in six countries in five WHO regions (no data for Eastern Mediterranean). Exposure to silica, asbestos and coal dust was assessed with personal or stationary active filter sampling; for silica and asbestos, gravimetric assessment was followed by technical analysis. Risk of bias profiles varied between the bodies of evidence looking at asbestos, silica and coal dust, as well as between industrial sectors. However, risk of bias was generally highest for the domain of selection of participants into the studies. The largest bodies of evidence for silica related to the industrial sectors of Construction (ISIC 41-43), Manufacturing (ISIC 20, 23-25, 27, 31-32) and Mining (ISIC 05, 07, 08). For Construction, the pooled prevalence estimate was 0.89 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.93, 17 studies, I2 91%, moderate quality of evidence) and the level estimate was rated as of very low quality of evidence. For Manufacturing, the pooled prevalence estimate was 0.85 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.91, 24 studies, I2 100%, moderate quality of evidence) and the pooled level estimate was rated as of very low quality of evidence. The pooled prevalence estimate for Mining was 0.75 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.82, 20 studies, I2 100%, moderate quality of evidence) and the pooled level estimate was 0.04 mg/m3 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.05, 17 studies, I2 100%, low quality of evidence). Smaller bodies of evidence were identified for Crop and animal production (ISIC 01; very low quality of evidence for both prevalence and level); Professional, scientific and technical activities (ISIC 71, 74; very low quality of evidence for both prevalence and level); and Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (ISIC 35; very low quality of evidence for both prevalence and level). For asbestos, the pooled prevalence estimate for Construction (ISIC 41, 43, 45,) was 0.77 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.87, six studies, I2 99%, low quality of evidence) and the level estimate was rated as of very low quality of evidence. For Manufacturing (ISIC 13, 23-24, 29-30), the pooled prevalence and level estimates were rated as being of very low quality of evidence. Smaller bodies of evidence were identified for Other mining and quarrying (ISIC 08; very low quality of evidence for both prevalence and level); Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (ISIC 35; very low quality of evidence for both prevalence and level); and Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation (ISIC 37; very low quality of evidence for levels). For coal dust, the pooled prevalence estimate for Mining of coal and lignite (ISIC 05), was 1.00 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.00, six studies, I2 16%, moderate quality of evidence) and the pooled level estimate was 0.77 mg/m3 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.86, three studies, I2 100%, low quality of evidence). A small body of evidence was identified for Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (ISIC 35); with very low quality of evidence for prevalence, and the pooled level estimate being 0.60 mg/m3 (95% CI -6.95 to 8.14, one study, low quality of evidence). Overall, we judged the bodies of evidence for occupational exposure to silica to vary by industrial sector between very low and moderate quality of evidence for prevalence, and very low and low for level. For occupational exposure to asbestos, the bodies of evidence varied by industrial sector between very low and low quality of evidence for prevalence and were of very low quality of evidence for level. For occupational exposure to coal dust, the bodies of evidence were of very low or moderate quality of evidence for prevalence, and low for level. None of the included studies were population-based studies (i.e., covered the entire workers' population in the industrial sector), which we judged to present serious concern for indirectness, except for exposure to coal dust within the industrial sector of mining of coal and lignite. Selected estimates of the prevalences and levels of occupational exposure to silica by industrial sector are considered suitable as input data for the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates, and selected estimates of the prevalences and levels of occupational exposure to asbestos and coal dust may perhaps also be suitable for estimation purposes. Protocol identifier doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.005 PROSPERO registration number CRD42018084131
Tampere University: ... arrow_drop_down Tampere University: TrepoArticle . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/208755Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere UniversityArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere Universityadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 15 citations 15 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Tampere University: ... arrow_drop_down Tampere University: TrepoArticle . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/208755Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere UniversityArticle . 2023 . Peer-reviewedData sources: Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere Universityadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Review , Other literature type , Journal 2003 BelgiumPublisher:IWA Publishing Authors: Estache, Antonio; Trujillo, Lourdes;This paper provides a “back-of-the-envelope” assessment of the efficiency effects of the reforms of the water sector in Argentina. Private operators are now key players in 15 of Argentina's provinces. While all have adopted incentive based regulatory regimes which require estimates of economic efficiency changes, none have actually issued any estimate yet. This paper provides upper bounds estimates of efficiency gains achieved for four operators. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implication of the results for regulatory accounting and data collection processes by regulators in developing countries relying on incentive based regulatory systems.
Water Policy arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAReview . 2003Data sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 36 citations 36 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Water Policy arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAReview . 2003Data sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2166/wp.2003.0022&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Research , Other literature type , Journal , Preprint , Report 2008 Netherlands, BelgiumPublisher:Elsevier BV Authors: Robert Lensink; Robert Lensink; Aljar Meesters; Niels Hermes;This paper uses stochastic frontier analysis to examine whether there is a trade-off between outreach to the poor and efficiency of microfinance institutions (MFIs). We find convincing evidence that outreach is negatively related to efficiency of MFIs. More specifically, we find that MFIs that have a lower average loan balance (a measure of the depth of outreach) are also less efficient. Moreover, we find evidence showing that MFIs that have more women borrowers as clients (again a measure of the depth of outreach) are less efficient. These results remain robustly significant after having added a number of control variables.
SSRN Electronic Jour... arrow_drop_down DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Research . 2008Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)World DevelopmentArticle . 2011License: taverneData sources: University of Groningen Research PortalUniversity of Groningen Research PortalResearch . 2008Data sources: University of Groningen Research PortalDANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Article . 2011Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu497 citations 497 popularity Top 0.1% influence Top 1% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert SSRN Electronic Jour... arrow_drop_down DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Research . 2008Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)World DevelopmentArticle . 2011License: taverneData sources: University of Groningen Research PortalUniversity of Groningen Research PortalResearch . 2008Data sources: University of Groningen Research PortalDANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)Article . 2011Data sources: DANS (Data Archiving and Networked Services)add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2139/ssrn.1143925&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type , Journal 2017 BelgiumPublisher:Public Library of Science (PLoS) Authors: Antonio Agüera; In-Young Ahn; Charlène Guillaumot; Bruno Danis;pmid: 28850607
pmc: PMC5574559
Antarctic marine organisms are adapted to an extreme environment, characterized by a very low but stable temperature and a strong seasonality in food availability arousing from variations in day length. Ocean organisms are particularly vulnerable to global climate change with some regions being impacted by temperature increase and changes in primary production. Climate change also affects the biotic components of marine ecosystems and has an impact on the distribution and seasonal physiology of Antarctic marine organisms. Knowledge on the impact of climate change in key species is highly important because their performance affects ecosystem functioning. To predict the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems, a holistic understanding of the life history and physiology of Antarctic key species is urgently needed. DEB (Dynamic Energy Budget) theory captures the metabolic processes of an organism through its entire life cycle as a function of temperature and food availability. The DEB model is a tool that can be used to model lifetime feeding, growth, reproduction, and their responses to changes in biotic and abiotic conditions. In this study, we estimate the DEB model parameters for the bivalve Laternula elliptica using literature-extracted and field data. The DEB model we present here aims at better understanding the biology of L. elliptica and its levels of adaptation to its habitat with a special focus on food seasonality. The model parameters describe a metabolism specifically adapted to low temperatures, with a low maintenance cost and a high capacity to uptake and mobilise energy, providing this organism with a level of energetic performance matching that of related species from temperate regions. It was also found that L. elliptica has a large energy reserve that allows enduring long periods of starvation. Additionally, we applied DEB parameters to time-series data on biological traits (organism condition, gonad growth) to describe the effect of a varying environment in food and temperature on the organism condition and energy use. The DEB model developed here for L. elliptica allowed us to improve benchmark knowledge on the ecophysiology of this key species, providing new insights in the role of food availability and temperature on its life cycle and reproduction strategy.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 50 citations 50 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1371/journal.pone.0183848&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Research , Preprint , Report 2013 BelgiumPublisher:Springer Science and Business Media LLC Authors: Marek Hudon; Marion Allet; Marion Allet;In recent years, development practice has seen that microfinance institutions (MFIs) are starting to consider their environmental bottom line in addition to their financial and social objectives. Yet, little is known about the characteristics of institutions involved in environmental management. This paper empirically identifies the characteristics of these MFIs for the first time using a sample of 160 microfinance institutions worldwide. Basing our analysis on various econometric tests, we find that larger MFIs and MFIs registered as banks tend to perform better in environmental policy and environmental risk assessment. Furthermore, more mature MFIs tend to have better environmental performances, in particular in providing green microcredit and environmental non-financial services. On the other hand, financial performance is not significantly related to environmental performance, suggesting that ‘green’ MFIs are not more or less profitable than other microfinance institutions.
Research Papers in E... arrow_drop_down Journal of Business EthicsArticle . 2013 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Springer TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1007/s10551-013-1942-5&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 83 citations 83 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Research Papers in E... arrow_drop_down Journal of Business EthicsArticle . 2013 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Springer TDMData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1007/s10551-013-1942-5&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , Research , Preprint , Report 2010 BelgiumPublisher:Universit� degli studi di Bergamo Authors: Nawaz, Ahmad;Unlike conventional finance institutions, Microfinance institutions (MFIs) strive for financial sustainability but also empowerment of the poor. This social nature of MFIs is mainly financed by subsidies from donors. This paper measures the extent of subsidization in MF sector for the years 2005 and 2006 using Yaron’s Subsidy Dependence Index (SDI) which measures the social cost of subsidized MFIs in a short time frame. This latest data set has been generated from the audit reports of the 204 MFIs with 23 million borrowers in 54 Countries worldwide constituting a significant part of the microfinance outreach worldwide. Based on our subsidy calculations, for the year 2005, 153 MFIs out of 204 are subsidy dependent while for year 2006 it is 122 out of 179 MFIs. A with & without subsidy analysis of conventional financial ratios confirm the fact that MFIs financial performance declines substantially with-out subsidies. Based on the evidence, the paper also highlights the factors which contribute and dec rease the sustainability of microfinance info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Research Papers in E... arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Research Papers in E... arrow_drop_down add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.13122/sand_27454&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Preprint 2007 BelgiumPublisher:Wiley Achten, Wouter; Mathijs, E.f; Verchot, L.V.e; Singh, V.P.c; Aerts, Raf; Muys, Bart;AbstractJatropha curcas is a multipurpose, drought‐resistant, biofuel tree originating from Central and South America, but now growing pantropic. The tree produces seeds containing 27–40% inedible oil, which is easily convertible into biodiesel. Although even some basic agronomic characteristics of J. curcas are not yet fully under‐s‐tood, the plant enjoys a booming interest, which may hold the risk of unsustainable practice. Our qualitative sustainability assessment, focusing on environmental impacts and strengthened by some socio‐economic issues, is quite favorable as long as only wastelands or degraded grounds are taken into J. curcas cultivation. Preliminary lifecycle energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) balances are positive, but the GHG balance is expected to be much dependent on the type of land use which is converted to J. curcas. Removing natural forest will have a severe impact on the global warming potential of the jatropha biodiesel. The cultivation intensity and the distance to markets are expected to have a significant impact on the GHG balance as well. Similar reasoning applies for the impact on soil, water, vegetation structure and biodiversity, although the latter will always depend on local circumstances. Next to biodiesel production and wasteland reclamation, J. curcas also hosts socio‐economic development potential. The multipurpose character of the plant and the labor‐intensive production chain are thought to be the main drivers for rural development, but are uncertain. In order to achieve best results with respect to both environmental and socio‐economic issues, decisions have to be based on local environmental, economical, cultural and social characteristics. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Lirias arrow_drop_down Biofuels Bioproducts and BiorefiningArticle . 2007 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Wiley Online Library User AgreementData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 203 citations 203 popularity Top 1% influence Top 1% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Lirias arrow_drop_down Biofuels Bioproducts and BiorefiningArticle . 2007 . Peer-reviewedLicense: Wiley Online Library User AgreementData sources: Crossrefadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1002/bbb.39&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2021 BelgiumPublisher:MDPI AG Funded by:EC | HumMingBirdEC| HumMingBirdAuthors: Ahmad Wali Ahmad-Yar; Tuba Bircan;Migration is one of the key aspects of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To understand global migration patterns, develop scenarios, design effective policies, focus on the population’s needs, and identify how these needs change over time, we need accurate, reliable and timely data. The gaps in international migration data have persisted since international organizations collect data. To improve the data gaps, there is a need to conceptualize the types of gaps and pinpoint the gaps within the international data systems. To that end, the ultimate objective of this paper is twofold, (i) to review and categorize the gaps in the literature and (ii) assess the statistical data sources, i.e., United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs (UN DESA), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), International Organization for Migration (IOM), Eurostat, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Our results demonstrate that the gaps could be categorized under (1) definitions and measures, (2) drivers or reasons behind migration, (3) geographic coverage, (4) gaps in demographic characteristics and (5) the time lag in the availability of data. The reviewed sources suffer from the gaps, which are not mutually exclusive (they are interlinked): the quality and availability of both migration flows and stocks data vary across regions and countries, and migration statistics highly rely on immigrants’ arrival.
Sustainability arrow_drop_down SustainabilityArticleLicense: CC BYFull-Text: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/7/4032/pdfData sources: SygmaVrije Universiteit Brussel Research PortalArticle . 2021Data sources: Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research Portaladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/su13074032&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 13 citations 13 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Sustainability arrow_drop_down SustainabilityArticleLicense: CC BYFull-Text: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/7/4032/pdfData sources: SygmaVrije Universiteit Brussel Research PortalArticle . 2021Data sources: Vrije Universiteit Brussel Research Portaladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/su13074032&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2017 BelgiumPublisher:MDPI AG Authors: Tung Ho; Hong Nguyen; Thu-Trang Vuong; Quan-Hoang Vuong;The topic of sustainability has mostly been tied to economic development and environmental protection, yet not much attention has been paid to the need for high problem-solving capacity as this underlines both issues. One of the most straightforward ways to improve problem-solving capacity is to nurture ‘productive and enduring’, i.e., sustainable, scientific communities. The study examines the co-authoring behaviors of 412 Vietnamese social scientists over the 2008–2017 period via social network analysis to determine if these researchers have formed sustainable scientific communities, using Scopus data. The dataset provides an insightful look into the predominant form of collaboration, i.e., co-authorship, within the Vietnamese social science research communities. Through basic network metrics such as density and clustering coefficient, the study hypothesizes that the socially sustainable research communities are those with low clustering and high density. As any scholar's position in a network can be specified by three quantities: the number of publications, connections, and years in research, the distance metrics from the most productive to the rest are computed and compared. The study hypothesizes that if the distance is too large; it reflects the socially unsustainable situation in the network. The results indicate that certain level of social unsustainability exists in social sciences groups in Vietnam. Though the results are only indicative, it has opened up a fertile space for future inquiry into this matter.
Sustainability arrow_drop_down SustainabilityOther literature type . 2017License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/11/2142/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/su9112142&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen gold 10 citations 10 popularity Average influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Sustainability arrow_drop_down SustainabilityOther literature type . 2017License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/11/2142/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/su9112142&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal 2019 Spain, Australia, Belgium, SpainPublisher:Informa UK Limited Authors: Alonso-García, J; Rosado-Cebrian, B;We analyse the effect of post-financial crisis unemployment dynamics on the Spanish pension system’s financial health using Aggregate Accounting. We compare the basic scenario where the current labour market dynamics persist with a full employment (best-case) scenario. We find that economic risk is the main driver of unsustainability in the short run. However, in the long run, the main driver of expenditures lies in the ageing demographic structure. Our results suggest that future reforms should increase labour market participation but confirm that recent pension reforms do not attain sustainability in the long run, indicating the need of further pension reforms. This work was supported by the ARC Center of Excellence in Population Ageing Research [CE110001029]. peerReviewed
UNSWorks arrow_drop_down UNSWorksArticle . 2021License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/unsworks_58251Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Universidad de Extremadura: DehesaArticle . 2019License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Journal of Economic Policy ReformArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: CrossrefJournal of Economic Policy ReformArticle . 2019License: CC BY NC NDData sources: University of Groningen Research PortalRecolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2024 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1080/17487870.2019.1599718&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen hybrid 18 citations 18 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert UNSWorks arrow_drop_down UNSWorksArticle . 2021License: CC BY NC NDFull-Text: http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/unsworks_58251Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Universidad de Extremadura: DehesaArticle . 2019License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)Journal of Economic Policy ReformArticle . 2019 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: CrossrefJournal of Economic Policy ReformArticle . 2019License: CC BY NC NDData sources: University of Groningen Research PortalRecolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAArticle . 2024 . Peer-reviewedLicense: CC BY NC NDData sources: Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTAadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1080/17487870.2019.1599718&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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