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In outermost islands the current increase of imported agricultural input costs questions the viability of farms and of the whole agricultural sector. The need, for these territories, to be less dependent and to mobilize local resources in a circular way is rising. Nevertheless, technical and organizational lock-in makes changes difficult to achieve. From 2017 to 2020, a Research and Development project has been caried out on Reunion Island to implement a territorial approach of biomass in agriculture based on circular economy. Five case-studies were undertaken with development, agricultural training and research actors and policy makers for the co-conception of organizational biomass scenarios. This project bas created a strong momentun and the co-construction of solutions. However, as in many prospective works with actors, the implementation - which is then delegated to stakeholders - is rarely applied. To overcome this pitfall, we built a new project with some of the previous actors, on the territory of a municipality, starting from the insights of two case-studies (the levers to lower man ure spreading constraints and the evaluation of the interest of composting manure with green waste). After a first diagnostic phase of the territory, we carried out two kinds of actions. We first organized focus-groups with local actors to conceive an agroecological transition for the territory. Second, we set up on-farm experiments with 5 farmers to develop composting of manure mixed with green waste and to test the compost on meadows and market gardening. The transition scenario confirms the need to improve biomass management to reduce inputs, jointly with the transformation of systems toward more agroecological ones. The development of farm composts a long with their use on crops and meadows were successful. But, if the project allows the production of references and learnings, we observed within the project period various dynamics of actors, more or less competing, for treating and valorising manure resources on the territory.

Starting from an interpretation of “sustainable mobility”, this study describes a possible taxonomy of the modalities of urban travels related to sustainability and it suggests an inclusive approach to implement urban policies for “soft mobility” inside the urban contexts. These policies aim at improving the levels of urban liveability, reducing the polluting emissions and promoting the recovery of a sober moral behaviour in acting and reacting inside the city. The underway photovoltaic bikesharing project “Bene Bike” in Benevento shows how the bike station plays an innovative role. It represents a multifunctional element able of managing material and immaterial “flows of urban travels” (people, energy, information).

Master’s Thesis deals with utilization of energy simulation software in area of classic brick buildings and measures to decrease heat consumption. Introduction deals with historic development of heat loss demands in Czech Republic and ways how to decrease heat loss through different types of building elements. Next chapter is focused on indoor microclimate and it’s affecting factors. Last but not least are mentioned environmental and financial aspects of these adjustments. Final part shows examined buildings, simulation configurations and output evaluations. Diplomová práce se zabývá využitím energetických simulací v oblasti klasických obytných budov při aplikaci opatření na snížení spotřeby tepla na vytápění. V úvodní části je zmíněn vývoj normativních požadavků na tepelné ztráty budov v České republice a způsoby snižování tepelné ztráty různými typy stavebních prvků. Další část je věnována vnitřnímu mikroklimatu budov a faktorům, které ho ovlivňují. Dále jsou zmíněny ekonomické a ekologické dopady těchto úprav. Poslední část popisuje zkoumané budovy a simulace, jejich nastavení a vyhodnocení. B

Presented master’s thesis deals with hydrogen filling stations, their concepts, design, and operation. The importance of hydrogen as an energy carrier, its properties, and the implications of these properties for the selection of materials suitable for hydrogen applications are described. In order to understand the decisions made in the design of the station, the hydrogen life cycle from production through transportation and storage to use is presented. This is followed by an evaluation of the cycle in terms of economics and environmental impact. The review part of the paper concludes with an introduction to fuel cell vehicles, which includes an overview of the selected passenger and commercial vehicles, and a description of hydrogen filling stations. The filling stations are discussed in terms of concepts and components, and an overview and analysis of selected implementations is also included. The computational part of the thesis focuses on the design and technoeconomic analysis of a hydrogen filling station with a daily capacity of approximately 50 kg/day and an hourly capacity of 6 vehicles/hour for the needs of the logistics company Zásilkovna s.r.o. A station variant with hydrogen gas delivery in pressure vessels was chosen. Three possible designs of the station were compared. The hydrogen filling station can be designed for the specified parameters without any problems. However, the analysis of the results showed a very strong dependence of the acquisition and operating costs on the nominal compressor power. Therefore, the design of the hydrogen filling station requires further optimization, which limits the direct applicability of the presented results. Předkládaná diplomová práce se zabývá vodíkovými plnicími stanicemi, jejich koncepcemi, návrhem a provozem. Je popsán význam vodíku jako energetického nosiče, jeho vlastnosti a důsledky těchto vlastností pro výběr materiálů vhodných pro vodíkové aplikace. Za účelem pochopení rozhodnutí učiněných při návrhu stanice je uveden životní cyklus vodíku od jeho výroby přes přepravu a skladování až po využití. V návaznosti na to je provedeno vyhodnocení zmíněného cyklu z pohledu ekonomiky a dopadů na životní prostředí. Rešeršní část práce je zakončena přiblížením vozidel s palivovými články, jehož součástí je přehled dohledaných osobních a užitkových vozidel, a popisem vodíkových plnicích stanic. Plnicí stanice jsou rozebrány po stránce koncepcí a komponent, součástí je také přehled a analýza vybraných realizací. Výpočetní část práce je zaměřena na návrh a technicko-ekonomickou analýzu vodíkové plnicí stanice s denní kapacitou přibližně 50 kg/den a hodinovou kapacitou 6 vozidel/h pro potřeby logistické společnosti Zásilkovna s.r.o. Byla zvolena varianta stanice s dodávkami plynného vodíku v tlakových nádobách. V rámci práce byla srovnána 3 možná provedení stanice. Vodíkovou plnicí stanici lze na zadané parametry bez problémů navrhnout. Analýza výsledků nicméně ukázala velmi silnou závislost pořizovacích i provozních nákladů na dimenzovaném výkonu kompresoru. Provedený návrh vodíkové plnicí stanice proto vyžaduje další optimalizaci, což limituje přímou aplikovatelnost uvedených výsledků. A

This paper is focused on the description of created solar radiation model suitable for the analysis of PV modules in program PSCAD. Paper brings a lot of mathematical equations used in model and there are also mentioned factors and inputs that can be set up.

Forest trees dominate many Alpine landscapes that are currently exposed to changing climate. Norway spruce is one of the most important conifer species of the Italian Alps, and natural populations are found across steep environmental gradients with large differences in temperature and moisture availability. This study seeks to determine and quantify patterns of genetic diversity in natural populations toward understanding adaptive responses to changing climate. Across the Italian species range, 24 natural stands were sampled with a major focus on the Eastern Italian Alps. Sampled trees were genotyped for 384 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 285 genes. A wide array of potential candidate genes was tested for correlation with climatic parameters. To minimize false-positive association between genotype and climate, population structure was investigated. Pairwise F ST estimates between sampled populations ranged between 0.000 and 0.075, with the highest values involving the two disjoint populations, Valdieri, on the western Italian Alps, and Campolino, the most southern population on the Apennines. Despite considerable genetic admixture among populations, both Bayesian and multivariate approach identified four genetic clusters. Selection scans revealed five F ST outliers, and the environmental association analysis detected ten SNPs associated to one or more climatic variables. Overall, 13 potentially adaptive loci were identified, three of which have been reported in a previous study on the same species conducted on a broader geographical scale. In our study, precipitation, more than temperature, was often associated with genotype; therefore, it appears as the most important environmental variable associated with the high sensitivity of Norway spruce to soil water supply. These findings provide relevant information for understanding and quantifying climate change effects on this species and its ability to genetically adapt.

Abstract Environmental-impact reduction potential is great early in new product development. To exploit this potential, this study evaluates novel combinations of existent processing technologies. Process engineering is combined with an environmental product assessment along the supply chain. In the dairy sector, drying milk into milk powders is a highly energy-intensive process. This study investigates whether switching from milk powders to new products known as milk concentrates diminishes the overall environmental impact along the supply chains of dairy-containing products. A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted, which considers individual processing steps that can be combined and operated in various ways to generate a multitude of different skim milk concentrates. For relevant environmental indicators such as cumulative energy demand, global warming potential, eutrophication potential, and acidification potential, concentrates were found to have a lower environmental impact than powders, even if the former are trucked up to 1000 km. This break-even distance is a conservative estimate. It depends upon the environmental impact of raw-milk production. The concentrate with the lowest environmental impact is produced by a combined concentration with reverse osmosis and evaporation to a dry-matter content of 35% and preservation via subsequent pasteurization. This holds for all indicators except eutrophication potential, for which this concentrate is the second-best option. This study identifies the frame within which milk concentrates are an advantageous substitution for milk powder and demonstrates the value of applying environmental assessment to product development and processing-technology selection.

In order to ensure a better standard of living, and increase the quality of life, it is necessary to change the way of life as we know today. It is known that the energy is required for the normal functioning of all life on earth and one way to improve the quality of life is through the use of renewable energy sources that can be used indefinitely in suitable weather conditions. Solar energy, as one of the renewable energy sources, represents a long-term solution to the ever-growing demand for energy. The geographical position, physical availability for the installation of solar systems and the annual average of sunny hours are some of the positive sides for the use of solar energy in the Republic of Croatia. Thesis topic is to compare a solar panel that automatically rotates according to the position of the Sun with fixed solar panel. The data obtained by the measurement will be stored in a database and the user will be able to use the "ThingSpeak" application to access the same to be able check the voltage obtained from the solar panels. The aim of this paper is, to conclude according to the obtained data, which construction is more economical, more cost-effective, more efficient and provides higher voltage. Kako bi se osigurao bolji životni standard, te povećala kvaliteta života, potrebno je promijeniti način života koji danas poznajemo. Poznato je da je energija potrebna za normalno funkcioniranje cjelokupnog života na zemlji, te jedan od načina kojim bi se poboljšala kvaliteta života je kroz upotrebu obnovljivih izvora energije koji se mogu neograničeno iskorištavati u odgovarajućim vremenskim uvjetima. Sunčeva energija, kao jedan od obnovljivih izvora, predstavlja dugoročno rješenje za neprestanu rastuću potražnju za energijom. Geografski položaj, fizička raspoloživost za postavljanje solarnih sustava i godišnji prosjek sunčanih sati, neke su od prednosti za korištenje sunčeve energije u Republici Hrvatskoj. Tema diplomskog rada je usporediti solarni panel koji se automatski rotira prema položaju Sunca sa fiksno postavljenim solarnim panelom. Podaci koji će se dobiti mjerenjem, pohraniti će se u bazu podataka i korisnik će pomoću aplikacije „ThingSpeak“ moći pristupiti istima kako bi se provjerio napon koji se dobiva iz solarnih panela. Cilj rada je prema dobivenim podacima zaključiti koja konstrukcija je ekonomičnija, isplativija, efikasnija i daje veći napon.

The transcription factor cAMP responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) has a complex influence on behavioural responses to drugs of abuse which varies depending on the brain region in which it is expressed. In response to drug exposure, CREB1 is phosphorylated in the striatum, a structure that is critically involved in reward-related learning.The present study assessed the role of striatal CREB1 and its coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP) in behavioural responses to psychostimulants.Using the 'cre/lox' recombination system, we generated mice with a postnatal deletion of CREB1 or CBP directed to medium spiny neurons of the striatum. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm the deletion, and mice were assessed with respect to their locomotor response to acute cocaine (20 mg/kg), cocaine sensitization (10 mg/kg), amphetamine-induced stereotypies (10 mg/kg) and ethanol-induced hypnosis (3.5 g/kg).Here we show that CREB1 mutant mice have increased sensitivity to psychostimulants, an effect that does not generalise to ethanol-induced hypnosis. Furthermore, in the absence of CREB1, there is rapid postnatal upregulation of the related transcription factor CREM, indicating possible redundancy amongst this family of transcription factors. Finally striatal deletion of CBP, a coactivator for the CREB1/CREM signalling pathway, results in an even more increased sensitivity to psychostimulants.These data suggest that striatal CREB1 regulates sensitivity to psychostimulants and that CREM acting via CBP is able to partially compensate in the absence of CREB1 signalling.