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Одна из наиболее актуальных проблем современного сельскохозяйственного производ- ства – обеспечение жителей страны качественными продуктами животноводства и сниже- ние их стоимости. Выполнение поставленной задачи возможно при комплексной механи- зации трудоёмких процессов, широком внедрении новых технических средств, в том числе и в кормопроизводстве. Приготовление собственных комбикормов во внутрихозяйственных цехах (линиях) – один из способов обеспечения сельскохозяйственных животных кормами, имеющий преимущества по сравнению с их приобретением в готовом виде, т. к. комби- корма производят по обоснованным рецептам для конкретных животноводческих ферм, в полной мере используют местные корма как компоненты производимого продукта. Кроме того, благодаря сокращению транспортных и перевалочных операций повышается качество комбикормов. Для отбора наиболее эффективного варианта технического решения линии приготовле- ния комбикормов в исследовании использованы два методических подхода: традицион- ный (к определению экономической эффективности технического решения как инвестици- онного проекта) и подход к оценке эффективности проекта с учётом его совокупной энергетической эффективности. Рассмотрены задачи и особенности применения названных подходов, система экономических показателей проекта, включая его энергетическую эф- фективность. Более высокая экономическая эффективность линии ФГБНУ «ФАНЦ Северо- Востока им. Н. В. Рудницкого» (ФГБНУ ФАНЦ Северо-Востока) обоснована расчётами по обеим методическим подходам. One of the most pressing problems of modern agricultural production is providing the coun- try's population with high-quality and low-cost livestock products. It is possible to achieve this goal provided there is complex mechanization of labour-intensive processes, the widespread in- troduction of new technical machines, including in feed production. Preparation of compound feeds in on-farm workshops (lines) is one of the ways to provide farm animals with feed, which has advantages over their purchase in a finished form, because compound feeds are produced according to reasonable recipes for specific livestock farms, and local feeds are fully used as components of the manufactured product. Moreover, due to the reduction of transport and transhipment operations, the quality of the produced compound feeds is improved. In order to select the most effective solution of the feed preparation line, two methodological approaches have been used in the study: a traditional approach to determining the economic ef- ficiency of the technical solution as an investment project and an approach to evaluate the effec- tiveness of the project taking into account its total energy efficiency. For the purpose of this re- search, all the aspects of these approaches have been considered including economic indicators and energy efficiency. The line of the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N. V. Rudnitsky proved its high effectiveness.

В статье рассматривается влияние электроустановок на окружающую среду, общая информация по электроустановкам. Выбросы в окружающую среду и его химические составляющие. Влияние ЛЭП на окружающую среду. Перечислены мероприятия и меры по борьбе с влиянием на окружающую среду. The article discusses the impact of electrical installations on the environment. General information on electrical installations. Emissions into the environment and its chemical components. The impact of power lines on the environment. The activities and measures to combat the impact on the environment are listed.

В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы развития технологий в сельском хозяйстве на основе возобновляемых источников энергии, т. к. они являются одним из выдающихся союзников для человека в различных сферах его деятельности, и в настоящее время процесс внедрения технологий имеет цель не только облегчить труд человека, но также снизить стоимость конечного продукта. В сельском хозяйстве на территории России использование достижений современной науки является неотъемлемой необходимостью, и одним из перспективных направлений развития сельскохозяйственных территорий может быть использование технологий, которые опираются на возобновляемые источники энергии. При проведении исследования проведен некоторый анализ производства электроэнергии на основе нетрадиционных возобновляемых источников. This article discusses the development of technologies in agriculture based on natural energy sources, i.e. to. they are one of the outstanding allies for a person in various activities, and at present, the process of introducing technologies has an integral hard work only for a person, and also reduces the cost of the final product. In agriculture in Russia, the use of the achievements of modern science is an essential necessity, and one of the promising areas for the development of agricultural territories can be the use of technologies based on renewable energy sources. During the study, some analysis of electricity production based on non-traditional renewable sources was carried out.

The relevance. Among the most urgent problems attracting human interest are the problems of energy. They affect directly or indirectly on human society and the environment. The human activity is associated with permanent use of natural energy resources for supplying people with vital functions: heat and light in houses, food, transportation, clothes, etc. At present, in many parts of Siberia there is still no centralized energy service. An important feature of mountainous countries is considerable dispersion of consumers requiring electric and thermal energy, uneven workload during the year and the lack of centralized sources of energy. The main energy sources in mountainous areas are diesel power plants. The cost of the energy produced is very high, particularly in remote areas. Due to the concept of mountain regions development with using renewable energy sources it is possible to solve the energy problem. The aim of the research is to evaluate the possible contribution of wind energy to resource conservation and ecology in mountains regions of the Altai Republic in the frames of intensive development of tourism and recreational activities. The objects of the research are the wind regime in lower troposphere over the southern part of Siberia; orographic conditions and their influence on the wind regime; wind-power potential of mountain areas of the Altai Republic. The methods of the research are the upper-air atmosphere sounding; the construction of a mathematical model of the wind velocity field in different altitude levels; assessment and analysis of influence of different topography on wind speed. Results. It is shown that the wind velocity is not enough for wind-power engineering in conditions of intermountain basins and wide valleys. The analysis of air-climatological indicators of wind velocity and the data of high-mountain meteorological stations on the tops and watersheds have shown that in terms of openness of the horizon the wind-power potential is sufficient for effective operation of wind power plants of different capacity. For the watershed areas higher than 1500 m, the power density fluctuates from 150 to 850 W/m that makes it possible to use wind energy plants of low and medium power. The regions with wind power density of more than 500 W/m2 can be considered as the areas of high energy. Such zones can be marked in the central part of the Altai Mountains, rising from 2200 m.

The aspiration of countries to achieve sustainable economic growth by reducing the energy dependence of the main suppliers of energy resources and by increasing national energy security induces in the conditions of increasing competition between participants in the global energy market the necessity to intensify the use of internal development resources, including the introduction of energy-saving technologies and development of alternative power industry. The urgency of the problems of international competitiveness achievement based on the energy security strengthening, solution of which largely determines the directions of the energy sector development, is increasingly recognized in many countries, including Russia. Timeliness of preparation to the use of substitute innovative energy resources and energy sources, while the traditional fossil fuels are dwindling, is marked as one of the most important principles of the state policy of Russia. All these factors update the development of domestic alternative energy in accordance with the megatrends of the world energy sector. The prospects for the development of modern energy, especially alternative, are associated by many experts with the use of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials. Nanotechnologies contribute to the new opportunities for the use of renewable energy sources and a significant contribution to the production and conservation of energy. The main directions of the effective use of nanotechnologies in the energy sector are: the use of renewable sources; energy storage; reducing the consumption of materials; the use of alternative materials. On the example of the world and Russian practice of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials use in the sphere of wind and solar energy the basic effects of their application, important for the development of alternative energy and of the Russian national economy as a whole, are identified in the article. The most important effects include strengthening the energy security of the country; improving the efficiency of electricity generation; reducing the cost of production of electrical energy produced from renewable sources; decreasing the wholesale energy market prices due to the increased supply of alternative energy that meets the interests of consumers; gaining economic advantages as a country - leader in the sphere of new energy technologies development.

The article describes the production activity of Agrofirma Novoshcherbinovskaya LLC located in Krasodarsk Krai. The study examines the state of agroecosystems taking into account the industrial impact as well as determines the ecological situation in the agricultural landscape as catastrophic. The share of herbaceous vegetation of the enterprise, 18.54, corresponds to the characteristic of the steppe zone. The man-made impact of Agrofirma Novoshcherbinovskaya LLC amounts to 4 points, which is defined as significant. The greatest use of biogenic substance is observed in the cultivation of winter wheat, spring barley, and peas. The study also conducts an assessment of the level and efficiency of crop production intensification with the identification of positive and negative changes. There is an increase in the use of mineral fertilizers, and as a result, an increase in the production of gross output per 100 hectares of arable land, per 100 rubles of fixed assets. The effective indicator of production efficiency is the bioenergy coefficient of sowing or the recoupment of the energy spent by the crop. The total energy content in the crop for an average of three years was 63.8 GJ, the total energy consumption for production amounted to 24.2 GJ, while the level of energy efficiency equaled 2.7. В статье дана характеристика производственной деятельности ООО «Агрофирма «Новощербиновская» Краснодарского края. Рассмотрено состояние агроэкосистем с учетом антропогенного воздействия. Определена катастрофическая экоситуация в агроландшафте. Доля травянистой растительности предприятия 18,54 соответствует характеристике степной зоны. Антропогенная нагрузка ООО «Агрофирмы «Новощербиновская» составляет 4 балла, что соответствует значительной степени. Наибольшее использование биогенных веществ наблюдается при выращивании озимой пшеницы, ярового ячменя и гороха. Проведена оценка уровня и эффективности интенсификации растениеводства, выявлены положительные и отрицательные изменения. Наблюдается рост применения минеральный удобрений, и как следствие, рост производства валовой продукции на 100 га пашни, на 100 рублей основных фондов. Результативным показателем эффективности производства является биоэнергетический коэффициент посева или окупаемость затраченной энергии энергией урожая. Совокупное содержание энергии в урожае в среднем за три года составило 63,8 гДж, общие затраты энергии на производство продукции, 24,2гДж, уровень энергетической эффективности составил 2,7. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 5 (107) 2021, Pages 160-164

On the example of Kirov region belonging to the Central zone of the North-Eastern region of European part of Russia the approaches to design, implementation and improvement of the adaptive-landscape systems of agriculture are considered. Analysis of results of exploration of farming systems developed for the farms of the region in 1999-2004 showed significant gains of agricultural producers in the field of biologization and resource saving. Yield increase of grain crops was registered including one in conditions of extremely dry 2010 (29-60% higher than the average regional indicators). However, the actual economic effect for total sown area of grain crops in some cases amounted to only 15% of the plan due to use of extensive methods of crop production and inadequate adaptation of farming systems to environmental conditions in some farms. Improving of adaptive-landscape farming systems is proposed taking into account regional climate change in the mode of adaptive intensification of agricultural production. Among the priorities there are using the results of agro-ecological macro-, meso - and microzonation; cultivation of adaptive environmentally specialized varieties, and the formation of multi-species agro-phytocenoses; application of a combined system of tillage and integrated system of fertilizer; improve stability and productivity of agricultural landscapes. The modern stage of designing adaptive-landscape systems of crop farming with use of space and information technologies depends on development of interdisciplinary integration of organizations-project participants at conducting research, design and survey, land management and evaluating works. System of measures for state (regional) support for the development of innovation in agriculture requires improvements.

{"references": ["Schwarzburg, L. E., Ivanova, N. A., Ryabov, S. A., Gvozdkova, S., & Zmieva, C. A. (2012). Automation of maintenance of indicators of safety of machine-building technologies of formation. Life Safety, (S2), 1-24. (in Russian).", "Schwarzburg, L. E. (2008). Ecological support of technology of formation. The Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University Stankin, (1), 38-43. (in Russian).", "Schwarzburg, L. E. (2010). Analysis of energy security of technological processes. Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University Stankin, (4), 98-105. (in Russian).", "Ivanova, N. A. (2008). Principles of automating the reduction of environmental hazards of technological processes by the example of chemical pollution. Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University Stankin, (3), 73-77. (in Russian).", "Bukeikhanov, N. R. (2009). Renovation of technological processes is an instrument of resource saving and enhancement of environmental safety. Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University Stankin, (4), 21-24. (in Russian).", "Schwarzburg, L. E., Butrimova, E. V., & Drozdova, N. V. (2014). Development of an algorithm for automated forecasting of vibration and noise in a process environment. Vestnik MSTU \"Stankin, (4), 187-190. (in Russian).", "Schwarzburg, L. E. (2008). Human and environmental protection of automated engineering. Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University Stankin, (3), 19-21. (in Russian).", "Guillot, A., & Meye, J. A. (2013). Bionics. When science imitates nature. Moscow: Tekhnosfera. 280. (in Russian).", "Gnatik, E. N. (2009). Genetic Engineering of Man: Challenges, Problems, Risks. Moscow: LIBROKOM, 240. (in Russian).", "Karenov, R. S. (2015) Otsenka potentsiala i perspektiv razvitiya gelioenergetiki v mire i Kazakhstane. Vestnik Karagandinskogo universiteta: Seriya Ekonomika, 1(77), 5-15. (in Russian).", "Koretko, O. V. (2003) Konstruktsii zenitnykh fonarey i steklyannykh krysh. Moscow: MArkHI, 48. (in Russian).", "Nikishechkin, A. P. (2006) Teoriya diskretnykh sistem upravleniya. Moscow: ITS GOU MGTU Stankin, 242. (in Russian)."]} The prospects of innovative lights of the new generation. These lights by the day conduct natural sunlight in the hollow, fibre-optic light guides through the roof into the interior rooms of enterprises, where there is no possibility to use windows or not enough daylight. At night and on cloudy days illumination is provided by incandescent lamps, halogen and LED lamps, the light of which is transmitted through the same light guides. This is especially important for fire-hazardous premises. Program implementation of the developed automated systems has the ability to quickly changeovers and change the control algorithms. The model of the automated process of this type of lighting was developed on the basis of a modified Petri net. The resulting operator formulas formalize and facilitate the programming process of the PLC, reducing the risk of errors in the relevant programs.

The status and prospects of development in the field of biomass use as a fuel and energy resources in the Republic of Belarus are discussed in the paper as a fuel and energy resources. Currently, the main use of biomass in the energy sector of country is based on the use of wooden biomass for boilers of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services, for mini- CHP of the concern “BelEnergo” of the Ministry of Power and as well as fuel in rural settlements of Belarus. In recent years, the development of biogas technology that uses crop residues, wastes of livestock and poultry farming. Contribution of these 2 types of biomass in Belarus to the total consumption of fuel and energy resources of country is about 5,6% at present.