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  • Energy Research
  • 12. Responsible consumption
  • 13. Climate action
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ponciano, Niraldo Jose; Souza, Paulo Marcelo De; Mata, Henrique Tome Da Costa; Ponciano, Niraldo Jose; +2 Authors

    Objetivou-se analisar os efeitos das externalidades negativas no meio ambiente, abordar o Teorema de Coase no que se refere ao problema de definição dos direitos de propriedade. Adicionalmente, o trabalho explica a teoria econômica da externalidade e ilustra com exemplos. Descreve o comportamento econômico da externalidade na produção agropecuária e mostra de que modo ela cria ineficiência de mercado. Posteriormente, são avaliadas algumas medidas compensatórias para corrigir essas ineficiências. Nesse sentido, argumenta-se em favor da preservação ambiental como requisito básico da manutenção do desenvolvimento agrícola sustentado. Infere-se que modernização da agricultura brasileira teve importância fundamental para o crescimento econômico do País, apesar de que a prioridade dada ao aumento de produtividade pode ter motivado desequilíbrios no meio ambiente.----------------------The objective was to examine the effects of negative externalities in the environment, address the Coase theorem, as regards the problem of definition of property rights. Additionally, the work explains the economic theory of externalities and illustrated with examples. It describes the behavior of economic externalities in production agriculture and shows in what way it creates inefficiency of the market. Subsequently, are evaluated some compensatory measures to correct these inefficiencies. Therefore, it is argued in favor of environmental preservation as a basic requirement of maintaining the sustained agricultural development. It follows that modernization of Brazilian agriculture has fundamental importance for the economic growth of the country, despite the fact that the priority given to increasing productivity may have motivated imbalances in the environment.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2008
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research Papers in E...arrow_drop_down
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
      Other literature type . 2008
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Araújo, Sérgio Manuel Sampaio;

    Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia In photovoltaic solar systems in buildings, the mismatch between the energy generation and consumption leads to the need to inject energy into the grid, with a negative economic impact. To avoid it, the use of energy storage systems is increasingly important in order to store the surplus energy generation to be used in periods where the generation is lower than the consumption. Therefore, arises the need of intelligent control algorithms which, according to a predefined objective, ensure the correct management not only of the energy storage system, but also of the available solar resource.The main objective of this thesis was to analyse the impact of photovoltaic solar energy generation together with an energy storage system with lithium ion batteries in buildings of the services sector. For that, the building of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the University of Coimbra, which already has a photovoltaic solar system installed, was used as case study. The sizing of a possible expansion of the current photovoltaic system was done, as well as the sizing of a storage system with the aim to ensure reduction of costs with the purchased electricity. Thus, an intelligent control algorithm was implemented in MATLAB environment with the objective of managing and controlling the storage system to ensure the objectives of maximizing the self-consumption and minimizing costs with energy imported from the grid.Different scenarios were simulated and analysed, and through the analysis of the technical and economic availability it was possible to verify that the developed control strategies were successful, allowing to achieve good results regarding the reduction of the costs with the imported energy from the grid and the maximization of the self-consumption, as well as making the investment in the storage system cost-effective. Nos sistemas solares fotovoltaicos em edifícios o desajuste entre a produção de energia elétrica e o consumo leva à necessidade de injeção de energia na rede, com um impacto económico negativo. Para o evitar, é cada vez mais importante o uso de sistemas de armazenamento, com vista a armazenar a energia gerada em excesso de modo a esta ser utilizada em períodos onde a produção seja inferior ao consumo. Surge assim a necessidade de algoritmos de controlo inteligentes que, de acordo com um objetivo predefinido, assegurem a gestão correta não só do sistema de armazenamento, mas também do recurso solar disponível.O objetivo primordial desta dissertação foi analisar o impacto da geração de energia elétrica solar fotovoltaica em conjunto com um sistema de armazenamento de energia elétrica com baterias de iões de lítio em edifícios do setor dos serviços. Para tal, foi utilizado como objeto de estudo o edifício do Departamento de Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores da Universidade de Coimbra que conta já com um sistema solar fotovoltaico instalado. Foi realizado o dimensionamento de uma possível expansão do sistema atual, assim como o dimensionamento de um sistema de armazenamento que permita reduzir os custos com a compra de energia elétrica da rede. Assim, foi também implementado em ambiente MATLAB um algoritmo de controlo inteligente com o objetivo de fazer a gestão e controlo do sistema de armazenamento para assegurar os objetivos de maximização do autoconsumo e de minimização dos custos com a energia importada da rede.Foram simulados e analisados diferentes cenários e através da análise da viabilidade técnica e económica realizada foi possível constatar que as estratégias de controlo desenvolvidas foram bem-sucedidas, permitindo alcançar bons resultados relativos à redução dos custos com a importação de energia da rede e maximização do autoconsumo, assim como tornar rentável o investimento no sistema de armazenamento.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Estudo Geralarrow_drop_down
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    Estudo Geral
    Master thesis . 2018
    Data sources: Estudo Geral
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Estudo Geralarrow_drop_down
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      Estudo Geral
      Master thesis . 2018
      Data sources: Estudo Geral
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Garcia, Ana Cristina; Beja, André; Delgado , António Pedro; Raggio, Armando Martinho Bardou; +4 Authors

    Introdução: Nas últimas décadas, países e sistemas de saúde têm vindo a dedicar atenção crescente a práticas de planeamento que promovam o desenvolvimento sustentável. Reconhecendo os desafios específicos que se colocam ao planeamento em saúde, este artigo tem por objetivo contribuir para a reflexão sobre o conceito e características processuais e metodológicas do planeamento sustentável em saúde, com base nas principais mensagens recolhidas num painel de discussão do 5º Congresso Nacional de Medicina Tropical. .Material e métodos: Foram utilizadas as apresentações dos oradores convidados para o painel e as intervenções do debate. Complementar-mente, foram utilizadas fontes documentais resultantes de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. Todo o material foi sujeito a análise documental. Resultados e discussão: As abordagens participativas do planeamento em saúde, que integram a participação dos cidadãos e a articulação intersectorial, com particular enfoque na redução das iniquidades em saúde e no alcance da cobertura universal, foram consideradas entre as mais efetivas para o alcance de objetivos de saúde e de bem-estar alinhados com os princípios do desenvolvimento sustentável. Conclusão: A mobilização social e das comunidades no processo de planeamento em saúde parece ser facilitador da seleção e implementação de estratégias de saúde no contexto do desenvolvimento sustentável. Introduction: In recent decades, countries and health systems have been paying increasing attention to planning practice for sustainable development. Recognizing the specific challenges facing health planning, this article aims to contribute to the reflection on the concept and procedural and methodological characteristics of sustainable health planning, based on the main messages gathered in a panel discussion of the 5th National Congress of Tropical Medicine. Material and methods: We used the panel presentations and discussion interventions, in addition with documentary sources resulting from a narrative literature review. All material was subject to documentary analysis. Results and discussion: Participatory approaches to health planning, integrating community participation and intersectoral action, with a particular focus on reducing health inequities and achieving universal coverage, were considered to be among the most effective to achieve health and well-being goals aligned with the principles of sustainable development. Conclusion: Social and community mobilization in the health planning process seems to contribute to the selection and implementation of health strategies in the context of sustainable development. publishersversion published

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Flambó, Tiago Miguel Albano;

    O desenvolvimento sustentável, como conceito fulcral para a sobrevivência do nosso planeta, engloba um conjunto de fatores dos quais a energia constitui uma parte vital. Esta ideia aparece inclusivamente vertida em diversos Objetivos do Desenvolvimentos Sustentável (ODS), tais como os Objetivos N.º 9, 11, 12 e 13. Os edifícios representam cerca de 50% do fenómeno de poluição ambiental, fruto do consumo energético inerente à sua utilização, que ascende a 41% de toda a energia primária produzida. Estes dados podem ser explicados pelo aumento da população mundial, a pouca reabilitação de edifícios a nível global e o exponencial aumento do consumo energético para suprir necessidades de aquecimento e arrefecimento de edifícios. Neste âmbito, considerou-se importante verificar a viabilidade de novas soluções que permitam criar estabilidade térmica dentro dos edifícios, como é o caso da aplicação de Materiais de Mudança de Fase (Phase Change Materials – PCM) em soluções construtivas. Os PCM apresentam uma comprovada capacidade de armazenamento térmico em comparação com as soluções tradicionais. Contudo, uma das grandes vantagens destes materiais reside na não necessidade de armazenamento de energia elétrica, mas sim o armazenamento da energia térmica do ambiente envolvente. A modelação da aplicação dos materiais num edifício-tipo e num edifício real, permitiu obter diferenças nas temperaturas de pico interiores de até 1 °C, bem como uma redução global de consumos energéticos entre 12% e 23%, para a espessura mínima dos PCM comerciais analisados. A introdução dos PCM permitiu, de igual forma, a redução da amplitude térmica interior, observando-se reduções até 83%. A adoção deste tipo de soluções leva a que seja possível obter reduções de emissões entre os 3,3% e os 33%, no edifício de mais baixa eficiência energética e entre os 2% e os 8%, para o caso de um edifício de maior eficiência energética. O período de retorno do investimento nestes materiais mostrou-se elevando, sendo um desafio ao vetor social da sustentabilidade. Sustainable development, as a key concept for the survival of our planet, includes a set of factors of which energy is a vital part. This idea also appears in several Sustainable Development Objectives (SDO), such as Objectives Nos. 9, 11, 12 and 13. Buildings represent about 50% of the environmental pollution phenomenon, resulting from the energy consumption inherent to its use, which amounts to 41% of all primary energy produced. This can be explained by the increase of the world population, the limited rehabilitation of buildings worldwide and the exponential increase in energy consumption, to meet heating and cooling needs of buildings. In this context it will be important to verify the viability of new solutions that allow thermal stability in buildings, such as the application of Phase Change Materials (PCM) in constructive solutions. PCM have proven thermal storage capacity compared to traditional coating solutions. However, one of the great advantages of these materials lies in the fact that they do not need to store electrical energy, but the storage of thermal energy from the surrounding environment. The application of the materials, in a simulated context, in a model building and in a real building, allowed to obtain differences in interior peak temperatures of up to 1 °C, as well as an overall reduction in energy consumption between 12% and 23%, for the minimum commercial thickness of the PCM used. The introduction of PCM also made it possible to reduce the interior temperature range, with reductions of up to 83% observed. About the environmental sustainability themes, the adoption of this type of solution led to emission reductions between 3.3% and 33%, in the low-efficiency building, and between 2% and 8%, for the most efficient building. The payback period for the investment in these materials need to be increased, representing a challenge to the social vector of sustainability.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositório Aberto d...arrow_drop_down
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  • Authors: Daubermann, Elaine Correa; Chagas, Lucas Squarize; Gurgel, Angelo Costa; Sakurai, Sérgio Naruhiko; +4 Authors

    We investigate the hypothesis that the conversion of forest and pasture land to cropland in Brazil decreases yields by 50%. Such hypothesis is being used by the California Air Resource Board to estimate the greenhouse gas emissions from indirect land use changes due to the expansion of biofuels production. We formulate several econometric models to test such hypothesis. The results from the majority of the models indicate that yields do not decrease under the expansion of cropland area in the country, or the decrease in yields is very small. Therefore, our results indicate the need for revising and correcting the parameters in the Californian low carbon emissions policy.

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    Authors: Serra, Ricardo João Matos;

    Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia The evolution of society, its demographic growth, and its technological and economic development made electricity an essential good, causing the consumption of electricity to increase over the years, to guarantee these supply fossil fuels were used in its production an unsustainable option that has generated high levels of pollution and a climate crisis. To address these problems, the European Union established the European Directive 2018/2001. This directive allows renewable energy self-consumers to produce, consume, share, store and sell electricity, promoting various sustainable behaviors such as reducing energy bills, reducing CO2 emissions, combating energy poverty, and reducing the cost of energy—initial investment. This dissertation aims to develop different methodologies for defining the sharing coefficients of energy produced in a CER and to establish comparisons of their performance in the CER. The CER used as a case study in this dissertation is composed of two schools in Coimbra and the DEEC building. In a preliminary analysis of the consumption of each building, several simulations were carried out to find out which would be the best location of production in the CER, having that choice fell on school 1. Five methods were developed to define the coefficients of sharing the surplus energy produced by the CER by its members. In key 1, fixed coefficient, a fixed percentage of energy sharing is assigned, in key 2 the sharing coefficients are proportional to the consumption of each user, that is, members who have higher consumption receive a greater percentage of energy. Keys 3, 4, and 5 all have the same energy sharing philosophy, they follow a list of priorities, with energy sharing being done by serving the highest priorities until they run out of energy or all members of the list see their consumption needs. satisfied. According to the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the best key or the most beneficial key for this particular CER would be key 3, as it generates less unused surplus energy and still has good equity, that is, it is energy effectively used annually by CER members, one member, in this case, uses 58% and another 42%.In short, to choose the distribution key that optimizes the sharing of surplus energy in a community, we must consider the community, since each key has its advantages and disadvantages, and its use varies according to the CER. A evolução da sociedade, o seu crescimento demográfico e o seu desenvolvimento tecnológico e económico, tornou a eletricidade um bem essencial, fazendo com que o consumo de energia elétrica aumentasse ao longo dos anos, para garantir esta oferta foram utilizados combustíveis fósseis na sua produção, uma opção não sustentável que gerou elevados níveis de poluição e uma crise climática. Para colmatar esses problemas a União Europeia estabeleceu a Diretiva Europeia 2018/2001. Essa diretiva permite aos autoconsumidores de energia renovável produzir, consumir, partilhar, armazenar e vender eletricidade, promovendo diversos comportamentos sustentáveis como redução na fatura energética, a redução das emissões de CO2, combate à pobreza energética e consequentemente a redução no custo do investimento inicial. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo desenvolver diversas metodologias de definição dos coeficientes de partilha de energia produzida numa CER e estabelecer comparações do seu desempenho na CER. A CER usada como estudo de caso nesta dissertação é composta por dois estabelecimentos escolares de Coimbra e pelo edifício do DEEC. Numa análise preliminar dos consumos de cada edifício, realizou-se várias simulações para descobrir qual seria a melhor localização da produção na CER, tendo essa escolha recaído na escola 1. Foram desenvolvidos cinco métodos para definição dos coeficientes de partilha da energia excedentária produzida pela CER pelos membros da mesma. Na chave 1, coeficiente fixo, é atribuída uma percentagem fixa de partilha de energia, na chave 2 os coeficientes de partilha são proporcionais ao consumo de cada utilizador, ou seja, membros que tenham maior consumo recebem uma maior percentagem de energia. Já as chaves 3, 4, 5 têm todas a mesma filosofia de partilha de energia, seguem uma lista de prioridades, sendo a partilha de energia feita servindo os mais prioritários até esgotar a energia ou todos os membros da lista vejam as suas necessidades de consumo satisfeitas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que a melhor chave ou a chave mais benéfica para esta a CER em particular seria a chave 3, por gerar menos energia excedentária não utilizada e mesmo assim ter uma boa equidade, ou seja, é a energia efetivamente utilizada anualmente pelos membros da CER, um membro, neste caso, utiliza 58% e outro 42%. Em suma, para se escolher a chave de repartição que otimiza a partilha da energia excedentária duma comunidade, devemos ter em consideração a comunidade, visto que, cada chave tem as suas vantagens e desvantagens e a sua utilização varia de acordo com a CER.

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    Estudo Geral
    Master thesis . 2022
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      Estudo Geral
      Master thesis . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: SOUZA, José Arilson de; RODRIGUES, Raimundo Nonato;

    The Constitutional Financing Fund of the North (FNO), created through the Constitutional Funds, has the objective of promoting the development of the North Region, constituting the main financial instrument of the National Policy for Regional Development (PNDR) for the reduction of regional disparities. With the growth and development of the region, new questions and concerns regarding sustainability in the business environment were generated. In this sense, the Sustainability Tripod and its extension, the Multiple Bottom Line, were proposed in order to analyze the economic, social, environmental, ethical and governance dimensions. In this sense, the present work sought to identify the reality of the dimensions of sustainability in the environment of micro and small companies of the Portal da Amazônia that used the resource of the Constitutional Fund for Financing of the North (FNO) for business development. To capture the data, a field survey was carried out with 111 companies that used FNO resources in the period from 2018 to 2022. After the survey, Excel was used for data processing and subsequent analysis. As a result, in the economic dimension, the ability of micro and small companies to expand their revenues was identified, with the responsibility of expanding the use of facilities and an integrated corporate composition to guarantee the economic life of the entity. In the environmental dimension, business actions involving the issuance of environmental licenses and their practices in the operation of the business were observed, while in the social dimension, the expansion of the supply of job openings and an organization dedicated to serving people could be seen. In the Governance dimension, actions of administrative responsibility, control and good practices by the companies interviewed were observed. Closing the context of the dimensions, ethics guides the business of micro and small companies surveyed. Responsibility with the business, both internally and externally, signals an important emphasis on this dimension. The outputs obtained provided the opportunity for theoretical generalizations regarding the confrontation of the reality described in the dimensions of sustainability in the business environment of micro and small companies of the Amazon portal and the theoretical framework that involves the theme.

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    ZENODO
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    Authors: Araújo, Mariana Bezerra Moraes de; Broega, A. C.; Ribeiro, Silvana Mota;

    O presente artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre a importância da sustentabilidade no âmbito da moda e o aparecimento de um novo consumidor, mais consciente e preocupado com os problemas da humanidade. Neste trabalho, será discutida a dicotomia existente entre a sustentabilidade e a moda, marcada pela efemeridade e por produtos com um ciclo de vida limitado, onde prevalece a indústria Fast Fashion. Paralelamente, observa-se o surgimento de uma nova vertente o chamado Slow Fashion. O artigo irá abordar o tema do sistema de moda e a sustentabilidade, nomeadamente, a questão dos novos consumidores e do consumo consciente. This article aims to reflect on the importance of sustainability in the context of fashion and the emergence of a new costumer more conscious and concerned about the humanity problems. In this work, we will discuss the dichotomy between sustainability and fashion, marked by ephemerality and products with a limited life cycle where the fast fashion industry prevails. In parallel, we observe the emergence of a new effect called slow fashion. The article will address the theme of fashion system and sustainability, also the issue of new consumers and conscious consumption will be discussed. ISBN 978-84-697-0700-5

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    Authors: Silva, Paulo Rôlo da;

    Nos nossos dias, a segurança energética europeia depende muito das dinâmicas regionais das suas fronteiras a norte e a sul, bem como das dimensões de segurança compreendidas pelos seus vizinhos e parceiros. Nesta dissertação é analisada a hipótese de que a segurança energética europeia não é possível de ser alcançada unicamente através da diversificação de fornecedores e rotas de abastecimento, mas que também é necessário atribuir-lhe uma dimensão de segurança regional. Neste contexto, é apresentada a região do mar Mediterrâneo como sendo detentora dos recursos necessários para complementar as linhas de abastecimento energético europeu, analisando a capacidade de desenvolvimento das energias alternativas nesta região capazes de responderem aos elevados consumos energéticos da União Europeia. Nowadays, European energy security largely depends on the regional dynamics of its borders to the North and South, as well as the dimensions of security understood by its neighbours and partners. In this dissertation it’s examined the hypothesis that European energy security cannot be achieved solely through the diversification of suppliers and supply routes, but that it is also necessary to attribute it with a dimension of regional security. In this context, the Mediterranean Sea region is presented as being the holder of the resources needed to complement the European energy supply lines, analyzing the ability of the development of alternative energies in the region able to respond to the high energy consumption of the European Union.

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    Authors: Silva, Marcus; Leite, Vicente; Araújo, Paulo Henrique Alves de; Simões, Ananda Thomaz; +3 Authors

    This paper presents the complete design of a self-sustainable microgrid based on renewable energy sources - pico-hydro and photovoltaic - for the House of Silk museum. This on grid solution is based on the SMA Flexible Storage System using innovative technologies for energy production, storage and. The microgrid is based on a cluster of three battery inverters which establish a three-phase supplying system. The hydro energy is generated using a low head, pico-hydro propeller turbine, and a horizontal wheel of a mill. Both are tied to the microgrid through an innovative solution, connecting generators to photovoltaic inverters. The photovoltaic energy is produced by means of highperformance photovoltaic conventional modules that will be mounted on the roof of the House of Silk and the components of hydropower generation will be installed inside the gallery of a former mill. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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    Biblioteca Digital do IPB
    Conference object . 2018
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    Authors: Ponciano, Niraldo Jose; Souza, Paulo Marcelo De; Mata, Henrique Tome Da Costa; Ponciano, Niraldo Jose; +2 Authors

    Objetivou-se analisar os efeitos das externalidades negativas no meio ambiente, abordar o Teorema de Coase no que se refere ao problema de definição dos direitos de propriedade. Adicionalmente, o trabalho explica a teoria econômica da externalidade e ilustra com exemplos. Descreve o comportamento econômico da externalidade na produção agropecuária e mostra de que modo ela cria ineficiência de mercado. Posteriormente, são avaliadas algumas medidas compensatórias para corrigir essas ineficiências. Nesse sentido, argumenta-se em favor da preservação ambiental como requisito básico da manutenção do desenvolvimento agrícola sustentado. Infere-se que modernização da agricultura brasileira teve importância fundamental para o crescimento econômico do País, apesar de que a prioridade dada ao aumento de produtividade pode ter motivado desequilíbrios no meio ambiente.----------------------The objective was to examine the effects of negative externalities in the environment, address the Coase theorem, as regards the problem of definition of property rights. Additionally, the work explains the economic theory of externalities and illustrated with examples. It describes the behavior of economic externalities in production agriculture and shows in what way it creates inefficiency of the market. Subsequently, are evaluated some compensatory measures to correct these inefficiencies. Therefore, it is argued in favor of environmental preservation as a basic requirement of maintaining the sustained agricultural development. It follows that modernization of Brazilian agriculture has fundamental importance for the economic growth of the country, despite the fact that the priority given to increasing productivity may have motivated imbalances in the environment.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2008
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
      Other literature type . 2008
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    Authors: Araújo, Sérgio Manuel Sampaio;

    Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia In photovoltaic solar systems in buildings, the mismatch between the energy generation and consumption leads to the need to inject energy into the grid, with a negative economic impact. To avoid it, the use of energy storage systems is increasingly important in order to store the surplus energy generation to be used in periods where the generation is lower than the consumption. Therefore, arises the need of intelligent control algorithms which, according to a predefined objective, ensure the correct management not only of the energy storage system, but also of the available solar resource.The main objective of this thesis was to analyse the impact of photovoltaic solar energy generation together with an energy storage system with lithium ion batteries in buildings of the services sector. For that, the building of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the University of Coimbra, which already has a photovoltaic solar system installed, was used as case study. The sizing of a possible expansion of the current photovoltaic system was done, as well as the sizing of a storage system with the aim to ensure reduction of costs with the purchased electricity. Thus, an intelligent control algorithm was implemented in MATLAB environment with the objective of managing and controlling the storage system to ensure the objectives of maximizing the self-consumption and minimizing costs with energy imported from the grid.Different scenarios were simulated and analysed, and through the analysis of the technical and economic availability it was possible to verify that the developed control strategies were successful, allowing to achieve good results regarding the reduction of the costs with the imported energy from the grid and the maximization of the self-consumption, as well as making the investment in the storage system cost-effective. Nos sistemas solares fotovoltaicos em edifícios o desajuste entre a produção de energia elétrica e o consumo leva à necessidade de injeção de energia na rede, com um impacto económico negativo. Para o evitar, é cada vez mais importante o uso de sistemas de armazenamento, com vista a armazenar a energia gerada em excesso de modo a esta ser utilizada em períodos onde a produção seja inferior ao consumo. Surge assim a necessidade de algoritmos de controlo inteligentes que, de acordo com um objetivo predefinido, assegurem a gestão correta não só do sistema de armazenamento, mas também do recurso solar disponível.O objetivo primordial desta dissertação foi analisar o impacto da geração de energia elétrica solar fotovoltaica em conjunto com um sistema de armazenamento de energia elétrica com baterias de iões de lítio em edifícios do setor dos serviços. Para tal, foi utilizado como objeto de estudo o edifício do Departamento de Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores da Universidade de Coimbra que conta já com um sistema solar fotovoltaico instalado. Foi realizado o dimensionamento de uma possível expansão do sistema atual, assim como o dimensionamento de um sistema de armazenamento que permita reduzir os custos com a compra de energia elétrica da rede. Assim, foi também implementado em ambiente MATLAB um algoritmo de controlo inteligente com o objetivo de fazer a gestão e controlo do sistema de armazenamento para assegurar os objetivos de maximização do autoconsumo e de minimização dos custos com a energia importada da rede.Foram simulados e analisados diferentes cenários e através da análise da viabilidade técnica e económica realizada foi possível constatar que as estratégias de controlo desenvolvidas foram bem-sucedidas, permitindo alcançar bons resultados relativos à redução dos custos com a importação de energia da rede e maximização do autoconsumo, assim como tornar rentável o investimento no sistema de armazenamento.

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    Estudo Geral
    Master thesis . 2018
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      Estudo Geral
      Master thesis . 2018
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Garcia, Ana Cristina; Beja, André; Delgado , António Pedro; Raggio, Armando Martinho Bardou; +4 Authors

    Introdução: Nas últimas décadas, países e sistemas de saúde têm vindo a dedicar atenção crescente a práticas de planeamento que promovam o desenvolvimento sustentável. Reconhecendo os desafios específicos que se colocam ao planeamento em saúde, este artigo tem por objetivo contribuir para a reflexão sobre o conceito e características processuais e metodológicas do planeamento sustentável em saúde, com base nas principais mensagens recolhidas num painel de discussão do 5º Congresso Nacional de Medicina Tropical. .Material e métodos: Foram utilizadas as apresentações dos oradores convidados para o painel e as intervenções do debate. Complementar-mente, foram utilizadas fontes documentais resultantes de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. Todo o material foi sujeito a análise documental. Resultados e discussão: As abordagens participativas do planeamento em saúde, que integram a participação dos cidadãos e a articulação intersectorial, com particular enfoque na redução das iniquidades em saúde e no alcance da cobertura universal, foram consideradas entre as mais efetivas para o alcance de objetivos de saúde e de bem-estar alinhados com os princípios do desenvolvimento sustentável. Conclusão: A mobilização social e das comunidades no processo de planeamento em saúde parece ser facilitador da seleção e implementação de estratégias de saúde no contexto do desenvolvimento sustentável. Introduction: In recent decades, countries and health systems have been paying increasing attention to planning practice for sustainable development. Recognizing the specific challenges facing health planning, this article aims to contribute to the reflection on the concept and procedural and methodological characteristics of sustainable health planning, based on the main messages gathered in a panel discussion of the 5th National Congress of Tropical Medicine. Material and methods: We used the panel presentations and discussion interventions, in addition with documentary sources resulting from a narrative literature review. All material was subject to documentary analysis. Results and discussion: Participatory approaches to health planning, integrating community participation and intersectoral action, with a particular focus on reducing health inequities and achieving universal coverage, were considered to be among the most effective to achieve health and well-being goals aligned with the principles of sustainable development. Conclusion: Social and community mobilization in the health planning process seems to contribute to the selection and implementation of health strategies in the context of sustainable development. publishersversion published

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    Authors: Flambó, Tiago Miguel Albano;

    O desenvolvimento sustentável, como conceito fulcral para a sobrevivência do nosso planeta, engloba um conjunto de fatores dos quais a energia constitui uma parte vital. Esta ideia aparece inclusivamente vertida em diversos Objetivos do Desenvolvimentos Sustentável (ODS), tais como os Objetivos N.º 9, 11, 12 e 13. Os edifícios representam cerca de 50% do fenómeno de poluição ambiental, fruto do consumo energético inerente à sua utilização, que ascende a 41% de toda a energia primária produzida. Estes dados podem ser explicados pelo aumento da população mundial, a pouca reabilitação de edifícios a nível global e o exponencial aumento do consumo energético para suprir necessidades de aquecimento e arrefecimento de edifícios. Neste âmbito, considerou-se importante verificar a viabilidade de novas soluções que permitam criar estabilidade térmica dentro dos edifícios, como é o caso da aplicação de Materiais de Mudança de Fase (Phase Change Materials – PCM) em soluções construtivas. Os PCM apresentam uma comprovada capacidade de armazenamento térmico em comparação com as soluções tradicionais. Contudo, uma das grandes vantagens destes materiais reside na não necessidade de armazenamento de energia elétrica, mas sim o armazenamento da energia térmica do ambiente envolvente. A modelação da aplicação dos materiais num edifício-tipo e num edifício real, permitiu obter diferenças nas temperaturas de pico interiores de até 1 °C, bem como uma redução global de consumos energéticos entre 12% e 23%, para a espessura mínima dos PCM comerciais analisados. A introdução dos PCM permitiu, de igual forma, a redução da amplitude térmica interior, observando-se reduções até 83%. A adoção deste tipo de soluções leva a que seja possível obter reduções de emissões entre os 3,3% e os 33%, no edifício de mais baixa eficiência energética e entre os 2% e os 8%, para o caso de um edifício de maior eficiência energética. O período de retorno do investimento nestes materiais mostrou-se elevando, sendo um desafio ao vetor social da sustentabilidade. Sustainable development, as a key concept for the survival of our planet, includes a set of factors of which energy is a vital part. This idea also appears in several Sustainable Development Objectives (SDO), such as Objectives Nos. 9, 11, 12 and 13. Buildings represent about 50% of the environmental pollution phenomenon, resulting from the energy consumption inherent to its use, which amounts to 41% of all primary energy produced. This can be explained by the increase of the world population, the limited rehabilitation of buildings worldwide and the exponential increase in energy consumption, to meet heating and cooling needs of buildings. In this context it will be important to verify the viability of new solutions that allow thermal stability in buildings, such as the application of Phase Change Materials (PCM) in constructive solutions. PCM have proven thermal storage capacity compared to traditional coating solutions. However, one of the great advantages of these materials lies in the fact that they do not need to store electrical energy, but the storage of thermal energy from the surrounding environment. The application of the materials, in a simulated context, in a model building and in a real building, allowed to obtain differences in interior peak temperatures of up to 1 °C, as well as an overall reduction in energy consumption between 12% and 23%, for the minimum commercial thickness of the PCM used. The introduction of PCM also made it possible to reduce the interior temperature range, with reductions of up to 83% observed. About the environmental sustainability themes, the adoption of this type of solution led to emission reductions between 3.3% and 33%, in the low-efficiency building, and between 2% and 8%, for the most efficient building. The payback period for the investment in these materials need to be increased, representing a challenge to the social vector of sustainability.

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  • Authors: Daubermann, Elaine Correa; Chagas, Lucas Squarize; Gurgel, Angelo Costa; Sakurai, Sérgio Naruhiko; +4 Authors

    We investigate the hypothesis that the conversion of forest and pasture land to cropland in Brazil decreases yields by 50%. Such hypothesis is being used by the California Air Resource Board to estimate the greenhouse gas emissions from indirect land use changes due to the expansion of biofuels production. We formulate several econometric models to test such hypothesis. The results from the majority of the models indicate that yields do not decrease under the expansion of cropland area in the country, or the decrease in yields is very small. Therefore, our results indicate the need for revising and correcting the parameters in the Californian low carbon emissions policy.

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    Authors: Serra, Ricardo João Matos;

    Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia The evolution of society, its demographic growth, and its technological and economic development made electricity an essential good, causing the consumption of electricity to increase over the years, to guarantee these supply fossil fuels were used in its production an unsustainable option that has generated high levels of pollution and a climate crisis. To address these problems, the European Union established the European Directive 2018/2001. This directive allows renewable energy self-consumers to produce, consume, share, store and sell electricity, promoting various sustainable behaviors such as reducing energy bills, reducing CO2 emissions, combating energy poverty, and reducing the cost of energy—initial investment. This dissertation aims to develop different methodologies for defining the sharing coefficients of energy produced in a CER and to establish comparisons of their performance in the CER. The CER used as a case study in this dissertation is composed of two schools in Coimbra and the DEEC building. In a preliminary analysis of the consumption of each building, several simulations were carried out to find out which would be the best location of production in the CER, having that choice fell on school 1. Five methods were developed to define the coefficients of sharing the surplus energy produced by the CER by its members. In key 1, fixed coefficient, a fixed percentage of energy sharing is assigned, in key 2 the sharing coefficients are proportional to the consumption of each user, that is, members who have higher consumption receive a greater percentage of energy. Keys 3, 4, and 5 all have the same energy sharing philosophy, they follow a list of priorities, with energy sharing being done by serving the highest priorities until they run out of energy or all members of the list see their consumption needs. satisfied. According to the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the best key or the most beneficial key for this particular CER would be key 3, as it generates less unused surplus energy and still has good equity, that is, it is energy effectively used annually by CER members, one member, in this case, uses 58% and another 42%.In short, to choose the distribution key that optimizes the sharing of surplus energy in a community, we must consider the community, since each key has its advantages and disadvantages, and its use varies according to the CER. A evolução da sociedade, o seu crescimento demográfico e o seu desenvolvimento tecnológico e económico, tornou a eletricidade um bem essencial, fazendo com que o consumo de energia elétrica aumentasse ao longo dos anos, para garantir esta oferta foram utilizados combustíveis fósseis na sua produção, uma opção não sustentável que gerou elevados níveis de poluição e uma crise climática. Para colmatar esses problemas a União Europeia estabeleceu a Diretiva Europeia 2018/2001. Essa diretiva permite aos autoconsumidores de energia renovável produzir, consumir, partilhar, armazenar e vender eletricidade, promovendo diversos comportamentos sustentáveis como redução na fatura energética, a redução das emissões de CO2, combate à pobreza energética e consequentemente a redução no custo do investimento inicial. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo desenvolver diversas metodologias de definição dos coeficientes de partilha de energia produzida numa CER e estabelecer comparações do seu desempenho na CER. A CER usada como estudo de caso nesta dissertação é composta por dois estabelecimentos escolares de Coimbra e pelo edifício do DEEC. Numa análise preliminar dos consumos de cada edifício, realizou-se várias simulações para descobrir qual seria a melhor localização da produção na CER, tendo essa escolha recaído na escola 1. Foram desenvolvidos cinco métodos para definição dos coeficientes de partilha da energia excedentária produzida pela CER pelos membros da mesma. Na chave 1, coeficiente fixo, é atribuída uma percentagem fixa de partilha de energia, na chave 2 os coeficientes de partilha são proporcionais ao consumo de cada utilizador, ou seja, membros que tenham maior consumo recebem uma maior percentagem de energia. Já as chaves 3, 4, 5 têm todas a mesma filosofia de partilha de energia, seguem uma lista de prioridades, sendo a partilha de energia feita servindo os mais prioritários até esgotar a energia ou todos os membros da lista vejam as suas necessidades de consumo satisfeitas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que a melhor chave ou a chave mais benéfica para esta a CER em particular seria a chave 3, por gerar menos energia excedentária não utilizada e mesmo assim ter uma boa equidade, ou seja, é a energia efetivamente utilizada anualmente pelos membros da CER, um membro, neste caso, utiliza 58% e outro 42%. Em suma, para se escolher a chave de repartição que otimiza a partilha da energia excedentária duma comunidade, devemos ter em consideração a comunidade, visto que, cada chave tem as suas vantagens e desvantagens e a sua utilização varia de acordo com a CER.

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    Master thesis . 2022
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    Authors: SOUZA, José Arilson de; RODRIGUES, Raimundo Nonato;

    The Constitutional Financing Fund of the North (FNO), created through the Constitutional Funds, has the objective of promoting the development of the North Region, constituting the main financial instrument of the National Policy for Regional Development (PNDR) for the reduction of regional disparities. With the growth and development of the region, new questions and concerns regarding sustainability in the business environment were generated. In this sense, the Sustainability Tripod and its extension, the Multiple Bottom Line, were proposed in order to analyze the economic, social, environmental, ethical and governance dimensions. In this sense, the present work sought to identify the reality of the dimensions of sustainability in the environment of micro and small companies of the Portal da Amazônia that used the resource of the Constitutional Fund for Financing of the North (FNO) for business development. To capture the data, a field survey was carried out with 111 companies that used FNO resources in the period from 2018 to 2022. After the survey, Excel was used for data processing and subsequent analysis. As a result, in the economic dimension, the ability of micro and small companies to expand their revenues was identified, with the responsibility of expanding the use of facilities and an integrated corporate composition to guarantee the economic life of the entity. In the environmental dimension, business actions involving the issuance of environmental licenses and their practices in the operation of the business were observed, while in the social dimension, the expansion of the supply of job openings and an organization dedicated to serving people could be seen. In the Governance dimension, actions of administrative responsibility, control and good practices by the companies interviewed were observed. Closing the context of the dimensions, ethics guides the business of micro and small companies surveyed. Responsibility with the business, both internally and externally, signals an important emphasis on this dimension. The outputs obtained provided the opportunity for theoretical generalizations regarding the confrontation of the reality described in the dimensions of sustainability in the business environment of micro and small companies of the Amazon portal and the theoretical framework that involves the theme.

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    ZENODO
    Article . 2023
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    Authors: Araújo, Mariana Bezerra Moraes de; Broega, A. C.; Ribeiro, Silvana Mota;

    O presente artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre a importância da sustentabilidade no âmbito da moda e o aparecimento de um novo consumidor, mais consciente e preocupado com os problemas da humanidade. Neste trabalho, será discutida a dicotomia existente entre a sustentabilidade e a moda, marcada pela efemeridade e por produtos com um ciclo de vida limitado, onde prevalece a indústria Fast Fashion. Paralelamente, observa-se o surgimento de uma nova vertente o chamado Slow Fashion. O artigo irá abordar o tema do sistema de moda e a sustentabilidade, nomeadamente, a questão dos novos consumidores e do consumo consciente. This article aims to reflect on the importance of sustainability in the context of fashion and the emergence of a new costumer more conscious and concerned about the humanity problems. In this work, we will discuss the dichotomy between sustainability and fashion, marked by ephemerality and products with a limited life cycle where the fast fashion industry prevails. In parallel, we observe the emergence of a new effect called slow fashion. The article will address the theme of fashion system and sustainability, also the issue of new consumers and conscious consumption will be discussed. ISBN 978-84-697-0700-5

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    Authors: Silva, Paulo Rôlo da;

    Nos nossos dias, a segurança energética europeia depende muito das dinâmicas regionais das suas fronteiras a norte e a sul, bem como das dimensões de segurança compreendidas pelos seus vizinhos e parceiros. Nesta dissertação é analisada a hipótese de que a segurança energética europeia não é possível de ser alcançada unicamente através da diversificação de fornecedores e rotas de abastecimento, mas que também é necessário atribuir-lhe uma dimensão de segurança regional. Neste contexto, é apresentada a região do mar Mediterrâneo como sendo detentora dos recursos necessários para complementar as linhas de abastecimento energético europeu, analisando a capacidade de desenvolvimento das energias alternativas nesta região capazes de responderem aos elevados consumos energéticos da União Europeia. Nowadays, European energy security largely depends on the regional dynamics of its borders to the North and South, as well as the dimensions of security understood by its neighbours and partners. In this dissertation it’s examined the hypothesis that European energy security cannot be achieved solely through the diversification of suppliers and supply routes, but that it is also necessary to attribute it with a dimension of regional security. In this context, the Mediterranean Sea region is presented as being the holder of the resources needed to complement the European energy supply lines, analyzing the ability of the development of alternative energies in the region able to respond to the high energy consumption of the European Union.

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    Authors: Silva, Marcus; Leite, Vicente; Araújo, Paulo Henrique Alves de; Simões, Ananda Thomaz; +3 Authors

    This paper presents the complete design of a self-sustainable microgrid based on renewable energy sources - pico-hydro and photovoltaic - for the House of Silk museum. This on grid solution is based on the SMA Flexible Storage System using innovative technologies for energy production, storage and. The microgrid is based on a cluster of three battery inverters which establish a three-phase supplying system. The hydro energy is generated using a low head, pico-hydro propeller turbine, and a horizontal wheel of a mill. Both are tied to the microgrid through an innovative solution, connecting generators to photovoltaic inverters. The photovoltaic energy is produced by means of highperformance photovoltaic conventional modules that will be mounted on the roof of the House of Silk and the components of hydropower generation will be installed inside the gallery of a former mill. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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    Biblioteca Digital do IPB
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