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The growing global demand for food and the environmental impact caused by agriculture have made this activity increasingly dependent on electronics, information technology, and telecommunications technologies. In Colombia, agriculture is of great importance not only as a commercial activity, but also as a source of food and employment. However, the concept of smart agriculture has not been widely applied in this country, resulting in the high production of various types of crops due to the planting of large areas of land, rather than optimization of the processes involved in the activity. Due to its technical characteristics and the radio spectrum considered in its deployment, 5G can be seen as one of the technologies that could generate the greatest benefits for the Colombian agricultural sector, especially in the most remote rural areas, which currently lack mobile network coverage. This article provides an overview of the current 5G technology landscape in Colombia and presents examples of possible 5G/IoT applications that could be developed in Colombian fields. The results show that 5G could facilitate the implementation of the smart farm in Colombia, improving current production and efficiency. It is useful when designing 5G implementation plans and strategies, since it categorizes crops by regions and products. This is based on budget availability, population density, and regional development plans, among others.

Tourism is a relevant sector in terms of social development, considering its contribution to the quality of life for people with special needs. Accessible tourism, by virtue of its complexity, requires the development of studies on the collaboration among different actors. This leads to this article’s research interest in the public—private partnership (PPP) as a managerial tool that allows cooperation and that can support the development of accessible tourism objectives in marine protected areas (MPAs). Applying the case study methodology, we investigate certain aspects characterizing PPPs governance. Answering the two proposed research questions, we conclude that (1) sharing similar moral values facilitates trust between the partners and (2) differing skills of the partners represent advantages in facing the complexity related to accessible tourism objectives.

AbstractThe Indigenous village of Bykovskiy is located 40 km from Tiksi, the administrative center of Bulunskiy District (Ulus), in the northern part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutiya), Russia. Founded as a Soviet fishing cooperative, it became home to Indigenous Sakha, Evenkis, Evens, as well as to Russian settlers and political prisoners from the Baltic states. Post-Soviet transformations, coupled with escalating environmental change processes, has been altering the local economy and subsistence activities since the 1990s. Although our interlocutors directly observed and experienced such changes, they seemed to ignore the visible problem of severe coastal erosion that was destroying a local cemetery. This article is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the study region in 2019, and combines approaches from the anthropology of climate change with reception and communication studies. It examines “ignorance” as a strategy of adaptation to multiple stressors under historically reproduced colonial structures of governance.

The energy sector is facing a transition phase in which the development of renewable energies and a greater social participation will be two fundamental measures of this transition. Besides, the liberalization of energy markets permits new actors to be involved and to develop original business models. Based on the ongoing research activities in the frame of the H2020 European project SocialRES, aiming to close non-technological research gaps in the energy sector, this paper contributes to identify how social and environmental standpoints impact different business model in this sector. The aim is to present a framework to analyse the business models within the energy sector and to apply this framework to the analysis of three types of businesses associated with social innovation in the renewable energy sector: Cooperatives, Aggregators and Crowdfunding platforms. The results contribute to energy entrepreneurship and identify innovative attributes applied either in the supply side or in the demand side. 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1618-1619

This paper presents hierarchical operation strategies which are minimizing operation error between day ahead operation plan and real time operation. Operating power systems between centralized and decentralized approaches can be represented as hierarchical control scheme, featured as primary control, secondary control and tertiary control. Primary control is known as local control, featuring fast response. Secondary control is referred to as microgrid Energy Management System (EMS). Tertiary control is responsible of coordinating the operations of multi-microgrids. In this paper, we formulated 3 stage microgrid operation strategies which are similar to hierarchical control scheme. First stage is to set a day ahead scheduled output power of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) which is only controllable source in microgrid and it is optimized to minimize cost of exchanged power with main grid using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. Second stage is to control the active and reactive power of BESS to be operated in day ahead scheduled plan in case that State of Charge (SOC) error occurs between real time and scheduled plan. The third is rescheduling the system when the predicted error is over the limited value. The first stage can be compared with the secondary control in that it adjusts the active power. The second stage is comparable to the primary control in that it controls the error in local manner. The third stage is compared with the secondary control in that it manages power balancing. The proposed strategies will be applied to one of the buildings in Electronics and Telecommunication Research Institute (ETRI). The building microgrid is composed of Photovoltaic (PV) generation, BESS and load and it will be interconnected with the main grid. Main purpose of that is minimizing operation cost and to be operated in scheduled plan. Simulation results support validation of proposed strategies. {"references": ["Claudio A. Ca\u00f1izares, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, Daniel E. Olivares, Ali Mehrizi-Sani \"Trend in Microgrid Control\" IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 4, pp.1905-1919, July 2014.", "Dan Wu, Fen Tang, Tomislav Dragicevic, Juan C. Vasquez and Josep M. Guerrero, \"Autonomous Active Power Control for Islanded AC Microgrids With Photovoltaic Generation and Energy Storage System\", IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 29, no. 4, pp.882-892 ,Dec 2014.", "Peng Zhao, Siddharth Suryanarayanan, and Marcelo Godoy Sim\u00f5es, \"An Energy Management System for Building Structures Using a Multi-Agent Decision-Making Control Methodology\", IEEE Trans. Industry Application, vol. 49, no. 1, pp.322-330, Jan/Feb 2013.", "Quanyuan Jiang, Meidong Xue, and Guangchao Geng, \"Energy Management of Microgrid in Grid-Connected and Stand-Alone Modes\" IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 28, no. 3, pp.3380-3389, Aug 2013.", "Wenbo Shi, Na Li, Chi-Cheng Chu, and Rajit Gadh, \"Real-Time Energy Management in Microgrids\", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, to be published.", "Zhaoyu Wang, Bokan Chen, Jianhui Wang and Chen Chen, \"Networked Microgrids for Self-Healing Power Systems\", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, VOL. 7, NO. 1, pp.310-319, Jan 2016.", "Jie Li, Yikui Liu, Lei Wu, \"Optimal Operation for Community Based Multi-Party Microgrid in Grid-Connected and Islanded Modes\", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, to be published.", "Hao Xing, Minyue Fu, Zhiyun Lin, and Yuting Mou, \"Decentralized Optimal Scheduling for Charging and Discharging of Plug-In Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids\", IEEE Trans. Power Systems, to be published.", "Wenbo Shi, Xiaorong Xie, Chi-Cheng Chu, and Rajit Gadh,\"Distributed Optimal Energy Management in Microgrids\", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp.1137 \u2013 1146, May 2015."]}

{"references": ["All India study on sectoral demand of diesel and petrol-2013 by\npetroleum planning and analysis cell of ministry of petroleum and\nnatural gas, government of India. Available at http://ppac.org.in/\nWriteReadData/Reports/201411110329450069740AllIndiaStudyonSect\noralDemandofDiesel.pdf.", "\"Automotive mission plan 2006-2016 \u2013 A mission for development of\nIndian automotive industry\", ministry of heavy Industries & public\nenterprises, Government of India. http://dhi.nic.in.", "AT Kearney,\" Building world class supply chain in India\", conference\non auto supply chain management, 2013, available:\nwww.atkearney.com. Dec. 23, 2013.", "Society of Indian automobile manufacturers (SIAM), available:\nwww.siamindia.com, Accessed on 18 Jan 14.", "CII GKAFC \u2013Arya market research survey report on consumer's\nperspective towards E-mobility.", "Executive summary power sector February 2014, government of India,\nministry of power central electricity authority New-Delhi.", "Annual report of western region load dispatch centers 2013-14 Andheri\nMumbai.", "Energy efficiency in electrical system IECC press,V K Gaudani.", "Kristein clement, Edwin haesen member IEEE, \"Co-ordinated charging\nof multiple plug in hybrid electric vehicles in residential distribution\ngrids\".\n[10] Pengxin and Zhang Zhebo, \"Analysis of Electric vehicle Impact to\nelectric Grid\", published at International conference of electricity\ndistribution in china 2012.\n[11] Robert (Bob) Bruninga, Jill A. T. Sorensen, \"Charging EV'S Efficiently\nNow while waiting for the smart grid\" published at 2013 IEEE Green\nTechnologies conference."]} As the current status and growth of Indian automobile industry is remarkable, transportation sectors are the main concern in terms of energy security and climate change. Due to rising demand of fuel and its dependency on foreign countries that affects the GDP of nation, suggests that penetration of electrical vehicle will increase in near future. So in this context analysis is done if the 10 percent of conventional vehicles including cars, three wheelers and two wheelers becomes electrical vehicles in near future which is also a part of Nations Electric Mobility Mission Plan then the saving which improves the nation’s economy is analyzed in detail. Whether the Indian electricity grid is capable of taking this load with current generation and demand all over the country is also analyzed in detail. Current situation of Indian grid is analyzed and how the gap between generation and demand can be reduced is discussed in terms of increasing generation capacity and energy conservation measures. Electrical energy conservation measures in Industry and especially in rural areas have been analyzed to improve performance of Indian electricity grid in context of electrical vehicle penetration in near future. Author was a part of Vishvakarma yojna in which energy losses were measured in 255 villages of Gujarat and solutions were suggested to mitigate them and corresponding reports was submitted to the authorities of Gujarat government.

A misalignment between the legislation and the effectiveness of Mediterranean fisheries management has emerged due to the status of the stocks (still largely in overfishing) and the discontent of stakeholders regarding management plans and tools that are not always recognized as appropriate to the characteristics of the concerned fisheries. Stakeholders’ involvement in management processes is one of the main pillars of the Common Fisheries Policy revision. The literature underlines, in an increasingly urgent manner, the importance of stakeholders fully understanding the contents of management plans and, vice versa, necessary for the successful implementation of policies. Focusing on the path towards sustainability endorsed by the BluFish project, the paper tries to provide an answer about the sustainability of some selected Southern Italian fisheries, by adopting the assessment approach of the Marine Stewardship Council. The assessment approach, based on a set of Performance Indicators and on a well-defined scoring scheme, focuses on three dimensions of sustainability. In addition to the classic assessment of the state of the stocks, there is an extensive screening of the impact of anthropic activity such as fishing on the entire ecosystem, including both the impact on accessory species and on vulnerable habitats and species. The evaluation adopted goes even further, with an approach that also includes the management and governance sphere, also trying to evaluate the level of involvement of the operators in the decision-making process. The paper illustrates that the selected fisheries are not fully sustainable but some of them have excellent potential for improvement even in the short term by identifying and implementing the appropriate action. The most relevant weaknesses identified refer to the low scores obtained for sustainability of stocks, mainly around the Harvest Control Rules (HCR) and the Harvest Strategy indicators, highlighting the importance of improving the management of the assessed stocks. The paper highlights how data and scientific knowledge availability is essential for a detailed mapping and evaluation of fishing activities but also that the path towards more sustainable and responsible fisheries does not work without a strong participation of all the key stakeholders.