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Energy is needed by people but sooner or later the world's oil reserves will be depleted. Generally energy needs are dominated by fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gas and coal. It is time for Indonesia to reduce dependence on fossil fuels by developing alternative fuels that are renewable and environmentally friendly (renewable). There are three types of alternative energy that can be researched and developed in the world today such as biodiesel, bioethanol and biogas. One potential alternative to be developed was the use of bioethanol. Bioethanol is an alternative fuel that is processed from plants (biomass) by fermentation. In this study, the raw material used to make bioethanol is jackfruit seeds. During this time only used as a jackfruit seeds that only a small proportion of waste utilized as livestock feed and even largely discarded. In fact, if further processed jackfruit seeds can provide added value. This research aims to make bioethanol with various concentrations of yeast and fermentation time. The main process is hydrolysis fermentation using yeast Saccharomyces Cereviciae; and purification by distillation. The variables used were changes in the concentration of yeast 3, 6, 9%; and fermentation time 2, 3, 4 days. From the analysis of the research results obtained bioethanol yield per amount of raw materials best start was 10.9 ml/kg with a density of 0.959 g/ml and the calorific value sebasar 196.899 kkal/kg, ie at 9% concentration variation yeast and fermentation time 3 days. 130425007

Kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman penghasil minyak nabati yang memiliki potensi besar sebagai sumber bahan baku untuk biodiesel. Tingkat produktivitas yang dapat mencapai 8-9 ton minyak kasar atau setara dengan 6-8 ton biodiesel/ha/tahun memiliki nilai strategis terkait dengan program pemerintah dalam mencari alternatif sumber energi baru yang terbarukan. Pengembangan sumber energi terbarukan seperti yang berasal dari minyak nabati kemiri sunan merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam upaya memenuhi defisit energi untuk keperluan domestik sehingga Indonesia dapat keluar dari himpitan krisis energi. Lahan-lahan yang telah terdegradasi di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun luasnya semakin bertambah baik karena faktor alam maupun karena eksploitasi yang tidak terkendali. Disisi lain pengembangan tanaman sumber BBN terkendala karena keterbatasan lahan. Kajian yang telah dilakukan secara intensif terhadap karakteristik tanaman, minyak dan biodiesel yang dihasilkannya, serta daya adaptasinya yang sangat luas terhadap beragam agroekosistem yang ada di Indonesia, tanaman kemiri sunan memberikan harapan yang baik disamping sebagai sumber bahan baku biodiesel, juga dapat berfungsi sebagai tanaman konservasi untuk mereklamasi lahan-lahan marginal yang telah terdegradasi. Disamping itu, pengembangan tanaman kemiri sunan di lahan yang telah terdegradasi tidak hanya akan dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi lahan tersebut, tetapi juga dapat dijadikan tanaman yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi, serta mampu menyediakan kebutuhan energi bagi masyarakat sekitar maupun ke wilayah yang lebih luas. The Multiple Benefits of Developing Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) In Degraded LandKemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) is one kind of vegetable oil crops that have great potential as a source of raw material for biodiesel. The productivity level that can reach 8-9 tons of crude oil, equivalent to 6-8 tons of biodiesel/ha/year make as a strategic commodity associated with government programs to find alternative sources of renewable energy. Development of renewable energy such as from vegetable oils of kemiri sunan is one of the alternatives in an effort to solve the deficit of energy for domestic use so that Indonesia can way out of the crush of the energy crisis. Lands that have been degraded in Indonesia continuously increasing both cause of the extent of natural factors and uncontrolled exploitation. On the other hand the development of this plants retricted by aviability of land. The research88 Volume 14 Nomor 2, Des 2015 : 87 - 101 studies have been conducted on the characteristics of plants, oil and biodiesel production, and adaptability in very broadly of Indonesian agro-ecosystem, this plant show well hopes besides as a source of raw material for biodiesel, it can also function as a conservation plant to reclaim marginal lands that have been degraded. In addition, the development of kemiri sunan on degraded land will not only be able to increase the economic value of the land, but also can be used as crops of high economic value, and able to provide for the energy needs of the surrounding communities and to the wider region.

Petroleum reserves are depleted in Indonesia along with increased fuel requirements, demanding Indonesian society to harness alternative energy, one of which is biofuel. In this study, biofuels produced from cracking fatty acids contained in Destillate Palm Fatty Acid (PFAD). PFAD converted into biofuels via catalytic cracking process using a catalyst Ni.Mo / Zeolite with reaction temperature 380 oC in a stirred batch reactor. Metal concentrations in the zeolite was varied at 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% and the variation of the reaction stirring 300 rpm, 400 rpm, 500 rpm and 600 rpm. Cracking process using nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 150 ml / min. Yield (%) of the product obtained at the maximum stirring speed of 500 rpm with a metal concentration of 1%, amounting to 71.43% or 125 ml with 31.53% biofuel conversion. The composition of biofuels on cracking products was 8.8% and 35% Gasoline Kerosene and Diesel.

Biodiesel is one of renewable energy in Indonesia that have to be development. Biodiesel formed as liquid fuel and has same property with petrodiesel. Biodiesel can be synthesized from off-grade palm oil using Na2O/fly ash as catalyst in transesterification process. Employing fly ash as support in Na2O has a good impact due to provide wide surface of catalyst. In this study aims to see the influence of reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol and oil and concentration of Na2O/fly ash towards biodiesel yield. The process was conducted through reaction of esterification and followed by transesterification reaction. Processing of the data in this study was conducted by response surface methodology (RSM) using Design Expert 7.0 program which is experimental design determined by central composite design (CCD) which consists of three variables. The highest result of biodiesel yield was 81,2% at 60oC reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol : oil 8 : 1 and catalyst concentration of Na2O/fly ash 4%-wt. Biodiesel characteristics such as density, kinematic viscosity, acid value and flash point has been appropriate by Indonesian biodiesel standard. The most significant condition of process affecting the yield of biodiesel was catalyst concentration.

Biodiesel, the environment friendly substitute alternative for solar, is made from a resource which can be renewed. Exploiting off grade fish oil as raw material for biodiesel represent the grand breakthrough in increasing value of waste industrial fish. According to research funded by PT Rekayasa Energi Alternative Mandiri (PT. REAM) and DP2M Dikti, industrial scale efficiency can be reached by continuous esterifiications buffle reactor in series with transesterifications sliding reactor. Biodiesel production was done at a reactor prototype which has capacity of 20 liter/hour.From all variables studied, it seemed that temperature and catalyst concentration had the highest effect on the methyl esters conversion, so these variables are controlling parameters. The optimized set of conditions were sodium methoxide (NaOCH3) as the catalyst at a concentration of 0.2 % volume, reaction temperature of 60°C, and 60 menute. The experiments resulted in an average product yield of 94.2%. Biodiesel density of 0.8898 kg/m3 , Iodine number of 7.4, flash point 272 oC, and pour point of 2oC

Solar energy can be used for water heating by using solar water heater application. Therefore, its still needs some modification due to its low efficiency. This modification can be done by replacing the conventional plate of solar collectors into a double plate with a zig-zag pattern. The results shown that along with the decreasing of water flow rates could significantly increase the useful energy (Qu). Initial temperature of water inlet could affect the generated maximum temperature. The highest mean efficiencies of double plate solar water heater with a zig-zag grooved beams pattern of 49.11% was gained in the flow rate of 700 mL / min.

This research purposes to study the benefits of Rainforest Alliance (RA) certificate in developing the sustainability of coffee farming from the aspects of economy, environmental, social and to analyze the factors that affect farmers to adopt sustainable coffee farming. The study was conducted in Pulau Panggung Sub Districts of Tanggamus Regency. This study compares the coffee farm management of certified farmers and noncertified farmers. There are 39 farmers chosen from each of coffee farming types. The benefits of RA certified for sustainability of coffee farming based on the increasing productivity, cost efficiency, and income of farmers were analyzed by t-test. The different test of Mann-Whitney U test is used to analyze the assessment of coffee farming management. The logit analysis method is used to analyze the factors that influence the farmers' decisions. The research results showed that from the economy aspect, RA certification had benefits in terms of farmers management practices to increase the quality and cost control of coffee, but it had not yet benefit to increase the income, productivity and cost efficiency of coffee farming. Similarly, RA certification had benefits in terms of environmental and social, in which the results of the assessment of sustainable coffee farm management by certified farmers were significantly higher. Farmers' income and participation in RA certification program had positive effect on farmers to implement sustainable coffee farming.

The aim of the study is to create double-function equipment comprises the use of a dryer in the rainy seasons and of water distillation in dry seasons. The main components consists of a windmill as the sources of mechanical power to move the blower or water dipper and a drying room doubling as a distilling room by solar energy.

Human beings are faced with a situation depleted reserve a source of fossil energy and the increased environmental damage due to use fossil energy. Seeing this condition fuel cell technology is proper to reduce dependence on fossil energy sources. The aim of this research is to find out the influence of the addition of the thickness of a gasket against the production of hydrogen at dry cell and prove machine drycell as an instrument for producing hydrogen. Methods used in this research is the electrolysis of dry (dry cells), change water (H2O) to produce hydrogen pure with varying thickness gaskets on drycell to obtain higher productivity hydrogen and the machine drycell. Research results obtained time the production of highest obtained in testing thick gaskets 1.5 mm by concentration of the KOH 4,66 % and a strong current 26 ampères which reaches 68 second, the rate productivity 4,9085 x 10-5 kg/s with temperature 44,42 OC and time productivity minimum produced at testing KOH 4 % with thick gaskets 6 mm and strong current of 20 ampere reaching 132 seconds with temperature 38,97 OC rate and productivity 2,528 x 10-5 kg./s. Conclusion obtained that time production and rate flow resulting decreasing if thickness gaskets are increasing and of temperature produced by the declining and energy required get bigger, so is otherwise 090401041

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh kombinasi pupuk kotoran kuda dengan pupuk limbah kulit kopi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi biomassa Azolla microphyllaserta untuk menganalisa kandungan protein yang terkandung dalam A. microphylla.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Balai Benih Ikan Lukup Badak, Dinas Peternakan dan Perikanan, Kabupaten Aceh Tengah pada bulan Februari hingga Maret 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 taraf perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan. Media yang digunakan adalah kolam terpal berukuran 100x100x30cm. Perlakuan diberikan berupa A:(Pupuk kotoran kuda 100%), B: (Pupuk kotoran kuda 75%+ pupuk limbah kulit kopi 25%), C:(Pupuk kotoran kuda 50% + pupuk limbah kulit kopi 50%), D:(Pupuk kotoran kuda 25% + pupuk limbah kulit kopi 75%), E:(Pupuk limbah kulit kopi 100%), dengan penebaran awal bibit A. microphylla20 gram/m2selama 21 hari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai tertinggi pada setiap parameter terdapat pada perlakuan A:(Pupuk kotoran kuda 100%), kandungan protein 26.74%. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwapemberian kombinasi pupuk kotoran kuda dengan pupuk limbah kulit kopi berpengaruh nyata terhadap waktu penggandaan, laju pertumbuhan relatif, luas cover area, biomassa segar, biomassa kering dan kepadatan A. microphylla (P<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian pupuk kotoran kuda dan pupuk limbah kulit kopi dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan biomassa Azolla microphylla. The objective of the present study was to analyze the effect of combination of horse manure fertilizers with fertilizer waste coffee leather towards growth and biomass production of Azolla microphylla as well as to analyze the protein contained in the A. microphylla. This research was conducted in the Unit Pelaksana Teknis Balai Benih Ikan Lukup Badak, Dinas Peternakan dan Perikanan, Kabupaten Aceh Tengah in February to March 2016. This research uses experimental methods of Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The medium used is the pool tarp sized 100x100x30 cm. The treatment is given is A: (horse manure 100%), B: (horse manure 75% + fertilizer waste coffee leather 25%), C: (horse manure 50% + fertilizer waste coffee leather 50%), D: (horse manure 25% + fertilizer waste coffee leather 75%), E: (fertilizer waste coffee leather 100%), with initial seed stocked A. microphylla 20 gram/m2 for 21 days. The results showed that the highest value on each parameter contained in the treatment A= (horse manure 100%), protein content of 26.74%. Anova test results showed that giving a combination of horse manure with fertilizer waste coffee leather real effect against doubling time, relative growth rate, extensive cover area, fresh biomass, biomass dry and density of A. microphylla (P < 0.05). Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the granting of horse manure with fertilizer waste coffee leather can increase growth and biomass Azolla microphylla.