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The article, linked to the social studies ofscience and, more specifically to scientific con-troversies, problematizes the energy issue from hydroelectric plants as a source of "clean energy"generation. Thus, the controversy ofclean energygeneration is presented in detail in plants of a subtropical climate (Northern Brazil), taking as an empirical investigation the Brazilian Plant called Hydroelectric Belo Monte, located in Pará. The methodology used to describe the controversy was the cartography of the controversy (Latour, 2016). In the end, it is demonstrated that the "reality" is fabricated by technoscientific studies that direct the analysis of the studies excluding important variables of their equations generating environmental conflicts related to the controversy of the clean energy.

Este artigo irá fazer uma análise sobre a importância da utilização de indicadores de sustentabilidade para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção para a regeneração urbana sustentável das cidades portuguesas. O estudo, integrado num projeto de investigação coordenado pelo iiSBE Portugal e pelo Departamento de Engenharia Civil da Universidade do Minho, visa a elaboração de um manual de auxílio ao desenvolvimento de cidades mais sustentáveis, em resposta à ausência de um instrumento nacional que ajude a regeneração das cidades, servindo de suporte a projetistas, arquitetos, urbanistas e entidades governamentais no processo de reabilitação urbana. Adicionalmente, pretende-se com este estudo colaborar para o desenvolvimento da ferramenta de avaliação da sustentabilidade de operações de planeamento urbano do sistema SBToolPT, que servirá para suportar os projetistas no processo de projeto sustentável e avaliar a sustentabilidade de projetos de planeamento e/ou regeneração urbana. This paper is focused in the analysis of the importance of using sustainability indicators in the development of intervention strategies for urban sustainable regeneration of Portuguese cities. The study, which is part of a joint project between iiSBE Portugal and the Department of Civil Engineering of the University of Minho, aims at developing a manual to support the development of more sustainable cities, in order to overcome the lack of a national instrument that promotes the regeneration of the cities by supporting the designers, architects, urban planners and government entities in the process of urban rehabilitation. Additionally it is intended to contribute for the development of a new tool for the sustainability assessment of urban planning projects, to be integrated in the SBToolPT system, which will be used to guide design teams in the process of sustainable design and to assess the sustainability of urban development and/or regeneration projects.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do tema B iniciado na cadeira de Seminário de Investigação, Atelier de Projeto II e continuada em Laboratório de Projeto 1 no ano letivo2020/2021. O tema apresentado foi “Cabo do Mundo 21 – Projeto para uma Cidade Urgente Post-Covid e Post-Carbono”. Dele resultou uma proposta de reconversão urbana da refinaria petrolífera de Leça da Palmeira numa perspetiva futura de descarbonização e pós-pandemia.Após uma contextualização local histórica e geográfica foi elaborada uma estratégia coletiva para toda a área da refinaria e para a área envolvente, dividindo-a por 3 fases de trabalho desenvolvidas em conformidade. A área que este projeto propõe está situada na zona norte da refinaria, onde é proposta a sua transformação numa “cidade-parque”.Na perspetiva da sustentabilidade, mobilidade e consciencialização sanitária para um quotidiano preparado para o futuro, é desenvolvida individualmente uma secção desta área. Implementa-se um programa de funções estratégicas e articuladas, o qual envolve a criação de uma estação de hidrogénio verde que alimente energeticamente os meios de transporte e idealmente a eletricidade doméstica, complementada pelo uso de energia obtida através de turbinas eólicas e painéis solares. É proposto neste projeto a implantação de edifícios de habitação coletiva e ateliês de trabalho, ambos numa perspetiva de co-living (co-housing e co-working). Estabelece-se ainda um paralelismo entre o meio urbano e o meio ambiente, com propostas de parques e hortas comunitárias (estas para produção e consumo próprio ou para troca num Mercado Biológico). O projeto é desenvolvido sob uma premissa de sistemas que trabalham em conformidade sustentável, mas que podem ser isolados garantindo um quotidiano dinâmico para uma vida mental e fisicamente saudável em situações pandémicas, como ocorre nos confinamentos. O projeto da nova cidade-parque propõe a reconversão do parque industrial, mantendo a sua memória, e gera a oportunidade de pensar a cidade e a arquitetura na perspetiva do condicionamento provocado por adversidades sociais e distanciamentos sanitários. This thesis was developed under the theme B started in the Research Seminar, ProjectWorkshop II and was continued in the Project Laboratory 1 class in the academic year of2020/2021, “Cabo do Mundo 21 - Project for an Urgent City of Post-Covid and Post-Carbon”.This theme intends to develop a proposal for the requalification of the oil refinery in Leça da Palmeira in a future perspective of decarbonization and post-pandemic point of view.After a local historical and geographic contextualization, a collective strategy for the entire oil refinery area and its surroundings were drawn up, dividing it into 3 work areas developed accordingly. The area that this project proposes is located in the north of the refinery, unfinished and where a continuation of its morphology is proposed in a group dynamic that ends in a large park.From the perspective of sustainability, mobility and health awareness for a daily life prepared for the future, a section of this area is individually developed. With the implementation of a program of strategic and articulated functions, from a green hydrogen station that energetically supplies the means of transportation and, ideally, domestic electricity, supported by the use of wind farms and solar panels. This project proposes the installation of collective housing buildings and work studios, both from a Co-Living perspective. As well as the connection between the urban and the environment, with proposals for community parks and gardens (these for their own production and consumption of vegetables or fruit or for their exchange in a farmer’s market also proposed in this project). The project is developed under the premise of a few systems that work in sustainable compliance that can be isolated, always guaranteeing a dynamic and sustainable daily life for a mentally, physically and healthy life in pandemic situations, such as confinement.The project is developed for a new city park, an industrial requalification keeping its memory and an opportunity to think about the city and architecture in urban and social planning, in perspectives of conditioning caused by social adversities and sanitary distances.

O mundo vive um duplo desafio: de produzir alimentos e energia. O agronegócio está no centro desse dilema social, envolvendo tanto aspectos sobre volumes de produção e produtividade, quanto sobre a forma de produzi-los. Além disso, existe a discussão sobre a necessidade de se estabelecer um trade-off entre a produção de alimentos e energia. Quanto à forma de produção, o aspecto central é sobre como são utilizados os recursos existentes, principalmente, quando ocorre a degradação dos mesmos. Essas discussões indicam a necessidade de interpretar e propor soluções para esse duplo desafio numa perspectiva complexa. Nesse sentido, o presente ensaio sugere um framework para a interpretação de problemas complexos e para iniciativas com foco em sustentabilidade, que foi aplicado ao contexto do desafio de produzir alimentos, energia e biocombustíveis. A base teórica contemplou duas abordagens. A primeira abordagem foi a dos “Princípios da Complexidade”, que possibilitou apoiar uma sistemática para entender a realidade, distinguindo e reunindo as diversas realidades existentes, sem perder a noção global. A segunda abordagem foi a da Gestão Estratégica da Sustentabilidade, que possibilitou sistematizar etapas para o planejamento de ações mais sustentáveis para atuar nesse contexto. Por fim, foi possível inferir características desejáveis que outras abordagens poderiam contemplar, com vistas a indicar soluções mais adequadas a este contexto. ----- The world faces a double challenge: to produce food and energy. The agribusiness is at the center of this societal dilemma, involving aspects from the volumes of production and productivity up to the way to produce them. Furthermore, there is a discussion about the need for establishing a trade-off between production of food and energy. A central aspect regarding the way of production is on how existing resources to be used and, especially, when its degradation occurs. These discussions indicate the need to interpret and propose solutions to this dual challenge in a complex perspective. Accordingly, this paper proposes a framework for the interpretation of complex problems and initiatives focused on sustainability that was applied to the challenge context of producing food, energy and biofuels. The theoretical background comprises two approaches. The first approach was the “Principles of Complexity”, which enabled support a systematic approach to understanding the reality, distinguishing and combining the several existing realities without losing the global notion. The second approach was the Strategic Management of Sustainability, which enabled systematic steps for action planning more sustainable to operate in this context. Finally, it was possible to infer desirable characteristics that other approaches could include, in order to indicate the most appropriate solutions in this context.

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Anselmo Chaves Neto ; Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Florestal. Defesa: Curitiba, 08/08/2014 ; Inclui referências ; Área de concentração : Economia e Política Florestal ; Resumo:O babaçu tem participação relevante na economia maranhense. Apesar de o babaçu ser uma oleaginosa com grande potencial para produção de biocombustível, seu principal produto, o óleo, está direcionado para o segmento da indústria de higiene, limpeza e cosméticos. Um combustível economicamente viável, ambientalmente correto e socialmente inclusivo ainda demanda novas pesquisas. No presente estudo analisou-se a produção de biodiesel de babaçu fazendo uma pesquisa conceitual e histórica da indústria do babaçu e da produção do biodiesel gerando uma análise exergoeconômica do seu processo de produção a partir da biomassa do babaçu. Estabeleceu-se uma relação entre a análise exergética e a análise econômica na produção do biodiesel de babaçu, contabilizando as ineficiências e perdas que podem acontecer nesse sistema. Também, buscou-se identificar as melhorias necessárias para otimizar a produção através de ensaios realizados em laboratório. O custo real da produção de biodiesel de babaçu foi determinado a partir do detalhamento do processo de transesterificação realizado através de duas rotas de produção de biodiesel, metílica e etílica. As diferenças foram comparadas considerando as eficiências e custos de cada processo. Observou-se que a eficiência exergética da planta de produção de biodiesel de babaçu usando metanol é maior que da eficiência usando etanol (89%, 71%). O biodiesel obtido por via etílica gera um valor de exergia útil menor do que por via metílica, o que pode ser devido a temperatura e o tempo usados no processo. Ao considerar, no entanto, a glicerina como produto útil, a eficiência do balanço exergético usando metanol passa para 96% e usando etanol vai para 81%. O fator exergoeconômico do processo de obtenção de ...

This document aims to provide information about the actions planned with the students within the SAL - Environmental Seed project, as well as to support its preparation. SAL - Seed Environment is a pilot project to raise environmental awareness and promote changes in food consumption among the population. These objectives will be achieved by sharing knowledge about the importance of more sustainable production and consumption practices in the school community. Through information, awareness, training and active participation, from the place of production to the place of consumption, the aim is to encourage more informed choices and, consequently, promote changes in consumption habits and more sustainable behaviour.

The building of energy infrastructure has the main objective of promoting economic development based on the production and consumption of goods and services. In Brazil, the main generator of electricity is the Itaipu hydroenergy plant, which is binational and uses the transboundary waters of the Parana River in the boundary between Brazil and Paraguay. In a context of high energy demand, the discourses about transboundary waters are marked by debates on sovereignty and securitization in the face of vulnerability, these discourses focus on relations of tension and conflict over strategic water resources between states. This paper examines the use of transboundary water for energy production in Brazil and the limits of the discourse of regional development among the riparian states in the negotiations on the Itaipu Treaty during the government of former President Inacio Lula da Silva (2003-2010).

In the current global pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), environmental governance in Brazil stands out, especially for its inclusion of social participation in decision-making bodies. The National Council for the Environment (CONAMA) plays a central role in this scenario. Given this, this study asks: How did government changes between 2011 and 2023 influence social participation in this entity, and in what ways did its institutional design vary according to the ineptitude of the current governments? The selected time frame encompasses three distinct moments in the council's design. For the analysis, qualitative methods of content analysis were employed, examining official documents, decrees, and academic publications, providing an in-depth view of the changes that occurred. The results initially reveal a period of strength and prominence, followed by a phase of significant reduction in representation, and later, a moment of reformulation and restructuring of the institutional design of this council. These transitions reaffirm the essential balance between government and social stakeholders in achieving environmental governance. The study emphasizes the imperative of maintaining participatory structures to ensure the quality of environmental policies in the country and realignment with the development of environmental policies at the global level.

Climate change is a crosscutting, long term, global problem and one of the biggest challenges that humankind is facing. As the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2013 said, it is clear that climate change is caused by human activity - and more importantly by burning fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and gas), which emit dangerous greenhouse gases (GHGs). The European Union has sought to be a leader in the international arena in the fight against climate change. For this, the EU has developed a common integrated strategy on energy and climate that aims a low carbon economy as well as a competitive and secure energy. This research is conducting a study of this strategy, specifically the most current energy and climate change Framework for Climate & Energy 2030 policies. First, the aim of the research is to identify whether the political climate model of European integration can become a path to global environmental governance. Second, the historical development of this strategy, its origins and the progressive convergence to its consolidation in the form of an integrated European strategy is discussed. Based on the background analysis of the Single European Act to 2020 Europe Strategy internally, and from the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement from an external point of view, the dissertation will outline the initiative of EU leadership in this area. For this purpose, it is necessary to make a prospective analysis (SWOT and PESTLE) in which all possible recommendations to be considered for this scenario 2030 will be made according to the Framework for Climate & Energy 2030 policies. From this analysis the main recommendation that emerges is that the EU should support especially small- and medium-sized businesses that are unable to invest great monetary resources in the establishment of an increasing greenhouse-gas-reduced production. As a result, this model could be adopted to other regions as well, for example in South America in MERCOSUR.

Abstract Objectives: During summer in Mediterranean regions, well adapted native cattle breeds present differences in environmental tolerance. The objective of this study was to compare heat tolerance of Alentejana and Mertolenga heifers under direct solar radiation, by quantifying the pathways of evaporative thermolysis and thermostability. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out in 5 days. 6 Alentejana and 6 Mertolenga heifers were kept under direct solar radiation, in individual stalls (3.0 —1.1 m) and restrained by head halted. Food, water and mineral mixture were available ad libitum. Respiratory frequencies (RF) were measured by observing costal movements, rectal temperatures (RT ) were measured using a digital thermometer (Digitron, with an 8-cm flexible probe) and thermal balance was calculated according to procedures described by Silva et al., (2010). These measurements were carried out every day at 06:00, 10:00, 13:00 16:00 and 20:00h. Heat storage (HS) was calculated as described by McGovern and Bruce (2000). Sweat rate was measured at 15:00 hours using methodology described by Pereira et. al. (2010). Variables were analyzed according to a general linear model procedure with 2 fixed factors (breed and hour) and 1 nested factor (animal within breed). Results: Except for the cases of RT and HS, in the other variables no significant differences between the breeds were found. Despite the absence of significant differences in the thermal balance between breeds, there was a slightly tendency for a bigger acquisition of heat in Alentejana and a faster recovery in the Mertolenga after 16:00h. The sweating rates were not significantly different, with mean values of 271.5 and 286.3 (g.m-2.h-1) respectively for the Alentejana and Mertolenga. Respiratory frequencies were virtually equal between breeds. In RT there were significant differences between breeds. The Mertolenga has shown significantly lower RT at 16:00h and 20:00h, with 38,9ºC and 38,7ºC compared to 39,3ºC and 39,1ºC in Alentejana. The same trend was found in the HS at 16:00h and 20:00h with 0,018 and 0,016 W.m2 in Alentejana compared to 0,014 and 0,009 W.m2 in Mertolenga. Conclusions: The results show that both breeds present good heat tolerance. The sweating rate values of both breeds are very high and are quite similar to those found in tropical cattle breeds. However, Mertolenga shows slightly better thermal balance and evaporative heat loss (SR ans RF), which eventually may have contributed to the enhanced thermostability comparatively to Alentejana. The superior stability of the RT and particularly the lower HS suggest a higher heat tolerance of Mertolenga breed.