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The analysis of the main ways to improve the functioning of the oil and gas complex of Russia in an unsteady economy and sanctions restrictions is carried out. It is emphasized that not only other industrial structures of the country, companies serving the oil and gas complex, but also the formation of the Russian budget program depend on the effectiveness of the development of the oil and gas industry as one of the key industrial and budgetforming in the Russian Federation. The key opportunities for the development of a system for the production, processing and sale of hydrocarbons and derived raw materials are identified taking into account internal and external factors of influence. Shortterm and mediumterm plans for the development of complex structures are evaluated according to technical, economic and general regulatory indicators, followed by a steady transition to the longterm perspective. Проводится анализ основных путей повышения эффективности функционирования нефтегазового комплекса России в условиях нестационарной экономики и санкционных ограничений. Подчеркивается, что от эффективности развития нефтегазовой отрасли как одной из ключевых промышленных и бюджетообразующих в Российской Федерации зависят не только другие промышленные структуры страны, компании, обслуживающие нефтегазовый комплекс, но и формирование российской бюджетной программы. Выявляются ключевые возможности развития системы добычи, переработки и реализации углеводородов и производного сырья с учетом внутренних и внешних факторов воздействия. Оцениваются краткосрочные и среднесрочные планы развития структур комплекса по техническим, экономическим и общерегуляционным показателям с последующим устойчивым переходом на долгосрочную перспективу. №4 (2019)

The occurring climate changes have a considerable impact on human health. The higher frequency of different natural disasters, including flood and typhoons, deteriorates the epidemiological situation. Evidence is provided for the importance of climate warming as a risk factor for a number of communicable diseases, including West Nile fever in the Astrakhan and Volgograd Regions. The paper presents the results of analytical epidemiological surveys, by using the time-series analysis, in Tver and Moscow, which indicate an increase in the number of fatal outcomes particularly among the elderly during temperature heat and cold waves. The specific features of the impact of climate warming on human health in the northern and southern regions of the country are considered. The need for developing the National Plan of Actions to prevent the population's health from climate changes is warranted.

The article examined indicators that have a certain impact on the energy efficiency of the Kazakhstani economy. Competent management of these factors will help move towards a more sus tainable energy future and an energyefficient economy. In order to innovatively develop energy systems in Kazakhstan, a number of programs have been adopted at the legislative level. The state program of industrial and innovative development of the Republic of Kazakhstan was adopted with the aim of improving the competitiveness, financial stability, energy and environmental security of the Kazakhstan economy, as well as increasing the level and quality of life of the population by realizing the potential for energy conservation and improving energy efficiency through modernization, technological development and transition to the rational and environmentally responsible use of energy resources. Currently, the solution to the problem of highlighting the main problems of the industry is based solely on expert opinions the organization of working advisory groups at the level of, for example, the governments of the regions and the country as a whole analysis of reports of the work of individual large enterprises analysis of trends in individual indicators analysis of the work of the ministries responsible for the work of the fuel and energy sector. If we generalize the methods used to highlight the main problems, then all of them can be attributed exclusively to the least objective, extremely superficial and unreliable. At the same time, the correct distribution of financial and other always limited resources depends on the quality of this stage of strategic activity, as well as the results of the development of the industry and country as a whole. The complexity of the task is compounded by the many existing problems of the industry at this period of its developmen В статье рассмотрены факторы, которые оказывают определенное влияние на энергоэффективность казахстанской экономики. Компетентное управление этими факторами будет способствовать движению в направлении более устойчивого энергетического будущего и энергоэффективной экономики. В целях инновационного развития энергетических систем в Казахстане на законодательном уровне приняты ряд программ. Государственная программа индустриальноинновационного развития Республики Казахстан принята в целях обеспечения повышения конкурентоспособности, финансовой устойчивости, энергетической и экологической безопасности казахстанской экономики, а также роста уровня и качества жизни населения за счет реализации потенциала энергосбережения и повышения энергетической эффективности на основе модернизации, технологического развития и перехода к рациональному и экологически ответственному использованию энергетических ресурсов. В настоящее время решение задачи выделения главных проблем отрасли основывается исключительно на экспертных мнениях, организации рабочих совещательных групп на уровне, например, правительства регионов и страны в целом, анализе отчетов работы отдельных крупных предприятий, анализе тенденций изменения отдельных показателей, анализе работы министерств, отвечающих за работу топливноэнергетической сферы. Если обобщить используемые методы выделения главных проблем, то все их можно отнести исключительно к наименее объективным, крайне поверхностным и ненадежным. Вместе с тем от качества данного этапа стратегической деятельности зависит как правильное распределение финансовых и других, всегда ограниченных, ресурсов, так и результаты развития отрасли и страны в целом. Сложность задачи усугубляется еще и многочисленностью имеющихся проблем отрасли на данном периоде ее развития №4(49) (2019)

The aspiration of countries to achieve sustainable economic growth by reducing the energy dependence of the main suppliers of energy resources and by increasing national energy security induces in the conditions of increasing competition between participants in the global energy market the necessity to intensify the use of internal development resources, including the introduction of energy-saving technologies and development of alternative power industry. The urgency of the problems of international competitiveness achievement based on the energy security strengthening, solution of which largely determines the directions of the energy sector development, is increasingly recognized in many countries, including Russia. Timeliness of preparation to the use of substitute innovative energy resources and energy sources, while the traditional fossil fuels are dwindling, is marked as one of the most important principles of the state policy of Russia. All these factors update the development of domestic alternative energy in accordance with the megatrends of the world energy sector. The prospects for the development of modern energy, especially alternative, are associated by many experts with the use of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials. Nanotechnologies contribute to the new opportunities for the use of renewable energy sources and a significant contribution to the production and conservation of energy. The main directions of the effective use of nanotechnologies in the energy sector are: the use of renewable sources; energy storage; reducing the consumption of materials; the use of alternative materials. On the example of the world and Russian practice of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials use in the sphere of wind and solar energy the basic effects of their application, important for the development of alternative energy and of the Russian national economy as a whole, are identified in the article. The most important effects include strengthening the energy security of the country; improving the efficiency of electricity generation; reducing the cost of production of electrical energy produced from renewable sources; decreasing the wholesale energy market prices due to the increased supply of alternative energy that meets the interests of consumers; gaining economic advantages as a country - leader in the sphere of new energy technologies development.

The article describes the production activity of Agrofirma Novoshcherbinovskaya LLC located in Krasodarsk Krai. The study examines the state of agroecosystems taking into account the industrial impact as well as determines the ecological situation in the agricultural landscape as catastrophic. The share of herbaceous vegetation of the enterprise, 18.54, corresponds to the characteristic of the steppe zone. The man-made impact of Agrofirma Novoshcherbinovskaya LLC amounts to 4 points, which is defined as significant. The greatest use of biogenic substance is observed in the cultivation of winter wheat, spring barley, and peas. The study also conducts an assessment of the level and efficiency of crop production intensification with the identification of positive and negative changes. There is an increase in the use of mineral fertilizers, and as a result, an increase in the production of gross output per 100 hectares of arable land, per 100 rubles of fixed assets. The effective indicator of production efficiency is the bioenergy coefficient of sowing or the recoupment of the energy spent by the crop. The total energy content in the crop for an average of three years was 63.8 GJ, the total energy consumption for production amounted to 24.2 GJ, while the level of energy efficiency equaled 2.7. В статье дана характеристика производственной деятельности ООО «Агрофирма «Новощербиновская» Краснодарского края. Рассмотрено состояние агроэкосистем с учетом антропогенного воздействия. Определена катастрофическая экоситуация в агроландшафте. Доля травянистой растительности предприятия 18,54 соответствует характеристике степной зоны. Антропогенная нагрузка ООО «Агрофирмы «Новощербиновская» составляет 4 балла, что соответствует значительной степени. Наибольшее использование биогенных веществ наблюдается при выращивании озимой пшеницы, ярового ячменя и гороха. Проведена оценка уровня и эффективности интенсификации растениеводства, выявлены положительные и отрицательные изменения. Наблюдается рост применения минеральный удобрений, и как следствие, рост производства валовой продукции на 100 га пашни, на 100 рублей основных фондов. Результативным показателем эффективности производства является биоэнергетический коэффициент посева или окупаемость затраченной энергии энергией урожая. Совокупное содержание энергии в урожае в среднем за три года составило 63,8 гДж, общие затраты энергии на производство продукции, 24,2гДж, уровень энергетической эффективности составил 2,7. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 5 (107) 2021, Pages 160-164

The use of waste biomass for energy purposes is currently of great interest to scientific and industrial groups around the world. Flax shive is a waste of flax processing industry, which can be used for energy purposes. The most interesting are the processes of thermal processing, making maximum use of the energy potential of the processed biomass wastes. Such methods of thermal processing include various types of pyrolysis. The paper presents the results of a kinetic study of the pyrolysis process of flax bonfire in the temperature range up to 600 °C using the experimentally obtained data of dynamic thermogravimetry. To find the kinetic parameters and the kinetic model of the process, we used model–independent methods and methods of nonlinear regression. Mathematical processing of the experimentally obtained data made it possible to determine the formal kinetic mechanism of the pyrolysis process of flax shive, the kinetic parameters and the temperature interval of each stage of the process. The obtained kinetic parameters of the pyrolysis process of the flax shive in the future will allow optimizing the industrial pyrolysis technology, to reduce the time spent on carrying out research and construction works. This kinetic model of pyrolysis process contains 4 stages of decomposition of flax shive, corresponding to the processes of moisture loss and thermal destruction of flax shive components — hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The significant mass of the carbonaceous residue obtained as a result of the pyrolysis of flax shive (about 29% by weight) allows us to conclude that it is potentially possible to use it further for the production of carbon-containing materials. Finally, conclusions about the applicability of flax shive as a raw material for obtaining carbon sorbents will help to make the results of further studies of strength, surface and sorption properties. {"references": ["Yoder, J., Galinato, S., Granatstein, D., & Garcia-P\u00e9rez, M. (2011). Economic trade off between biochar and bio-oil production via pyrolysis. Biomass and bioenergy, 35, (5), 1851-1862.", "Yampolsky, Yu. P. (1990). Elementary reactions and mechanisms of pyrolysis of hydrocarbons. Moscow, Khimiya, 216. (in Russian)", "Gorislavets, S. P., Tmenov, D. N., & Maiorov, V. I. (1977). Pyrolysis of hydrocarbon feedstock. Kiev, Naukova Dumka, 309. (in Russian)", "Bykov, \u0410. \u0412., Demidenko, G. N., Sulman, E. M., & Kosivtsov, Yu. Yu. (2014). Thermal analysis methods: method. Instructions. Tver, TSTU, 48. (in Russian)", "De Wild, P., Reith, H., & Heeres, E. (2011). Biomass pyrolysis for chemicals. Biofuels, 2, (2), 185-208."]}

On the example of Kirov region belonging to the Central zone of the North-Eastern region of European part of Russia the approaches to design, implementation and improvement of the adaptive-landscape systems of agriculture are considered. Analysis of results of exploration of farming systems developed for the farms of the region in 1999-2004 showed significant gains of agricultural producers in the field of biologization and resource saving. Yield increase of grain crops was registered including one in conditions of extremely dry 2010 (29-60% higher than the average regional indicators). However, the actual economic effect for total sown area of grain crops in some cases amounted to only 15% of the plan due to use of extensive methods of crop production and inadequate adaptation of farming systems to environmental conditions in some farms. Improving of adaptive-landscape farming systems is proposed taking into account regional climate change in the mode of adaptive intensification of agricultural production. Among the priorities there are using the results of agro-ecological macro-, meso - and microzonation; cultivation of adaptive environmentally specialized varieties, and the formation of multi-species agro-phytocenoses; application of a combined system of tillage and integrated system of fertilizer; improve stability and productivity of agricultural landscapes. The modern stage of designing adaptive-landscape systems of crop farming with use of space and information technologies depends on development of interdisciplinary integration of organizations-project participants at conducting research, design and survey, land management and evaluating works. System of measures for state (regional) support for the development of innovation in agriculture requires improvements.

Plastic pollution of the water bodies of the World is a big problem. We studied the mechanisms and forms of plastic debris overgrowth with microalgae in order to propose new ideas for the cultivation of algae for biofuelon new polymer substrates.

{"references": ["Schwarzburg, L. E., Ivanova, N. A., Ryabov, S. A., Gvozdkova, S., & Zmieva, C. A. (2012). Automation of maintenance of indicators of safety of machine-building technologies of formation. Life Safety, (S2), 1-24. (in Russian).", "Schwarzburg, L. E. (2008). Ecological support of technology of formation. The Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University Stankin, (1), 38-43. (in Russian).", "Schwarzburg, L. E. (2010). Analysis of energy security of technological processes. Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University Stankin, (4), 98-105. (in Russian).", "Ivanova, N. A. (2008). Principles of automating the reduction of environmental hazards of technological processes by the example of chemical pollution. Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University Stankin, (3), 73-77. (in Russian).", "Bukeikhanov, N. R. (2009). Renovation of technological processes is an instrument of resource saving and enhancement of environmental safety. Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University Stankin, (4), 21-24. (in Russian).", "Schwarzburg, L. E., Butrimova, E. V., & Drozdova, N. V. (2014). Development of an algorithm for automated forecasting of vibration and noise in a process environment. Vestnik MSTU \"Stankin, (4), 187-190. (in Russian).", "Schwarzburg, L. E. (2008). Human and environmental protection of automated engineering. Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University Stankin, (3), 19-21. (in Russian).", "Guillot, A., & Meye, J. A. (2013). Bionics. When science imitates nature. Moscow: Tekhnosfera. 280. (in Russian).", "Gnatik, E. N. (2009). Genetic Engineering of Man: Challenges, Problems, Risks. Moscow: LIBROKOM, 240. (in Russian).", "Karenov, R. S. (2015) Otsenka potentsiala i perspektiv razvitiya gelioenergetiki v mire i Kazakhstane. Vestnik Karagandinskogo universiteta: Seriya Ekonomika, 1(77), 5-15. (in Russian).", "Koretko, O. V. (2003) Konstruktsii zenitnykh fonarey i steklyannykh krysh. Moscow: MArkHI, 48. (in Russian).", "Nikishechkin, A. P. (2006) Teoriya diskretnykh sistem upravleniya. Moscow: ITS GOU MGTU Stankin, 242. (in Russian)."]} The prospects of innovative lights of the new generation. These lights by the day conduct natural sunlight in the hollow, fibre-optic light guides through the roof into the interior rooms of enterprises, where there is no possibility to use windows or not enough daylight. At night and on cloudy days illumination is provided by incandescent lamps, halogen and LED lamps, the light of which is transmitted through the same light guides. This is especially important for fire-hazardous premises. Program implementation of the developed automated systems has the ability to quickly changeovers and change the control algorithms. The model of the automated process of this type of lighting was developed on the basis of a modified Petri net. The resulting operator formulas formalize and facilitate the programming process of the PLC, reducing the risk of errors in the relevant programs.