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The main aim of study is examing farmers understanding towrds the emerging concepts of sustainable agricultural waste management falls under circular agriculture-a circular, green economy with cleaner production and bioeconomy reconciled with economic, social and environmental dimensions. This study is a prototype in Mirab Gojjam Zone of Amhara region as well in Ethiopia. we seek to determine farmers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for eco-friendly AWM. Data were collected through a contingent valuation survey of 353 randomly selected farmers in Mirab Gojjam. The improper discarding and unsafe use of agricultural waste causes health and environmental problems. It also contributes to GHG emissions, particularly in Mirab Gojjam, the focus of our study. We thus assessed farmers’ WTP for eco-friendly AWM to improve the local environment in Mirab Gojjam and maintain low carbon sustainable development. The result indicates an annual WTP of 6.84 household days (equivalent to 273.5 Birr) for the surveyed farmers. The Tobit results indicate that the social capital, socioeconomic, cognitive, and altruism variables significantly influence the degree of WTP. Our results are thus useful for understanding farmers’ attitudes and WTP for eco-friendly AWM, as well as the need for private and public instruments in agricultural waste for developing and disseminating resource technology.To improve the use of agricultural waste in biofuel, construction, and feedlot and to enhance sources of rural income, green marketing and low-carbon innovative recycling technologies should be established parallel to proper discarding. In our study, the mean WTP in labour days per year was higher than the amount of money farmers that were willing to pay for eco-friendly AWM.We thus propose three suggestions for sustainable and eco-friendly AWM. First, the government must assess and understand the current generation potential of agricultural waste. It must formulate rural sustainable waste management policies and create awareness accordingly.Second, agricultural waste recycling technology should be provisioned in rural areas through public–private collaboration. The vacuum in the local waste recycling market should be addressed by opening the market to private and informal micro-enterprise sectors, along with full government support.Lastly, proper follow-up and inspection is important to ensure all parties function in accordance with the laws, norms, and policies.Generally speaking, AWM must be prioritised as much as other SDGs to sustain holistic development, cleaner production, and clean-living environments for reducing carbon emission and looping conventional waste into circular agriculture.

1.- Data for Tulancingo City, Mexico. Monthly cloudiness calculation for insulation correction in the spatial process. Include the graphic of monthly results. (Excel) 2.- Data exported by ASrcGis and calculation of Indices. (Excel) 3.- Statistics (Excel)

This dataset contains temperature and rainfall data obtained from the Zambia Meteorological Department and maize yield data obtained from the Central Statistical Office aggregated at the district level for 30 years. The beans yield data is available upon request. Further, we merge this data with rainfall and temperature predictions from the HadGEM-ES2 global circulation model.

This research provides new techno-economic insights into integrating flexible combined-cycle gas turbines with post-combustion carbon capture and storage (CCGT-CCS) for low-carbon power systems. This study developed a versatile unit-commitment optimisation model of CCGT-CCS. This research highlights the model’s adaptability, accommodating diverse techno-economic configurations, feed gases (e.g., biomethane or fossil natural gas), carbon capture rates, and policy instruments. This generalisation empowers seamless application in various policy and market contexts, making the model a potent tool for researchers and policymakers. While the case study focuses on the UK, the findings are relevant for most low-carbon power systems with variable renewable supplies. Analysing the UK’s net-zero scenarios from 2030 to 2050, the economic viability of flexible CCGT-CCS was highlighted. Intertemporal flexibility proves highly valuable with greater electricity price volatility, with a total ROI range of 81–246 %, surpassing the CCGT-CCS plant’s ROI (7–64 %). A flexible solvent storage solution should be seen in the context of the overall system ‘flexibility’ requirements of a low-carbon power system. On a cost basis, solvent storage represents just a fraction of the capital costs of more “mainstream” energy storage technologies, such as lithium-ion batteries or hydro-pumped storage, while CCGT-CCS offers firm power. Overall, while seen as a rather technical solution, if abated fossil fuel generation is to be part of a future low-carbon power system, having this flexibility adds economic benefits not just to operators but also improves overall system security and complements high shares of variable renewables on the grid.

Metal-halide perovskites are materials at the forefront of the next generation of optoelectronic materials. Of particular interest is their remarkable power conversion efficiencies when incorporated into thin film solar cells. The properties of next-generation semiconductors such as perovskites are dominated by microscopic variations in their structure, composition and photophysics. Perovskites show extraordinary levels of disorder and this has considerable implications for their function. Gaining a microscopic understanding into how the optoelectronic quality of perovskite thin films and their interfaces with contact layers affects their performance is crucial to enabling solar cells with sufficient performance and stability to commercialise. In this thesis, I detail the development of a multi-modal microscopy toolkit to probe the optoelectronic quality of perovskite thin films and devices and spatially correlate these measurements with microscopic chemistry and structural information. In the first experimental chapter, I detail the capabilities of a hyperspectral, wide-field optical microscope, capable of measuring spatially resolved photoluminescence, reflectance and transmittance spectra with diffraction resolution. With a variety of perovskite thin film samples, I show that thin-film morphology and surface passivation play a huge role in photoluminescence intensity, spectrum and stability. The second experimental chapter applies calibration tools to the hyperspectral microscope, enabling the extraction of device relevant metrics such as the quasi-Fermi level splitting and Urbach Energy microscopically. We spatially correlate these measurements with nanoprobe X-ray diffraction and fluorescence to probe structure and chemistry. Applying this multimodal toolkit to state-of-the-art alloyed perovskites, we find that nanoscale variations in chemical composition dominate the optoelectronic properties of these perovskite films and form energetic funnels that carriers fall down and away from trap states. This study helps to explain the remarkable defect tolerance of these materials. The final experimental chapter augments the optical microscopy setup to measure voltage dependent photoluminescence maps. Voltage dependent photoluminescence allows the extraction of pseudo current-voltage curves of the devices, enabling the recombination and charge transport losses of perovskite solar cells to be mapped microscopically. I show that microscopic performance heterogeneity has a large impact on both macroscopic performance and stability. By mapping the same areas before devices before and after ageing, the microscopic effects of degradation on charge extraction can be imaged. Taken together, the results here show the important microscopic influences on performance from thin films to complete devices and the powerful multi-modal methodologies developed are widely applicable to a wide array of disordered semiconductors.

The construction industry in Europe is in transition. In the last decade, challenges related to inefficiencies in the sector, the shortage of skilled labour, and environmental concerns initiated a shift towards off-site manufacturing. In Hungary, the first examples of prefabricated residential buildings have just appeared after a 30-year-long break. At the same time, in post-socialist countries, the general attitude towards modern methods of construction is rather complex. While the Western examples of modular constructions are admired, local examples of prefabricated and standardised homes from the socialist era are neglected or criticised for their uniformity and inability to change. This thesis examines the social limits of standardisation in the Hungarian context, specifically focusing on how we can ensure that in the future, mass-manufactured buildings will be sustainable and retain their social respectability, technical qualities and economic value for a long time. It is found that standardisation does not necessarily limit creativity and can be socially sustainable, provided that it does not result in uniform constructions. Findings rely on an extensive review of the literature and real-life architectural examples, statistical results from two online surveys on preconceptions about mass-manufactured buildings, and space syntactical investigations of preferred home layouts. The findings of the project include showing that young Hungarian adults associate mass produced buildings with the loss of diversity, but they find these buildings environmentally friendly, fast to produce, progressive and fashionable. In addition, it is shown that it is possible to use small graph matching and density-based clustering to find the most suitable layouts for socially-conscious mass manufacturing. The practical outcomes of this project include an exemplar dwelling that showcases good design, a framework for discussing standardised buildings, and a Plug-in that can evaluate any new apartments created in Autodesk Revit based on the developed guidelines.

Abstract The configuration of a latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) is an important factor considered by manufacturers of heat storage systems. In this study, an applicable and low-cost way of improving melting behavior in a rectangular cavity was remarked. There was a preconceived idea that with a single conductive baffle, embedded on the upper wall of the cavity, the melting rate and the amount of heat storage could improve. Therefore, for different locations as well as lengths of a baffle, the heat transfer and melting characteristic of gallium as a phase change material (PCM) in a rectangular cavity were investigated numerically. The cavity has the insulated upper and bottom walls. The sidewalls are regarded to have constant temperatures one higher and another lower than the melting point of gallium. The phase change process is modeled with the fixed grid-based enthalpy-porosity method coupled with the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations (SIMPLE) algorithm. The isotherm lines and streamlines, as well as the liquid fraction and Nusselt number on the hot wall, are considered to present the results at a constant Rayleigh number equal to 106. The results show the baffle imposes noticeable improvement on the melting process of gallium in a rectangular cavity by influencing the feature of convective heat transfer. Investigating the different baffle’s locations (LX/L = 0.2 to 0.9) revealed that when the baffle located at the right half of the cavity, melting initiates from the left side, the more amount of PCM melts in comparison with the other cases. Ultimately, the dimensionless location of LX/L = 0.8 demonstrates the best melting characteristic and the most final liquid fraction. The more liquid-fraction, the more energy storing concluded. It also observed a dimensionless height of LY/L = 0.4 represents the most liquid-fraction compared to the heights of LY/L = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4.

In the 21st century, many countries are starting to use geothermal energy (GTE) as a new energy source. Serbia also has the potential to use it as a renewable energy source. The complex geological structure of its terrain has given rise to a large number of thermomineral springs and geothermal wells. Based on the existing measurements, the geothermal heat flow density in Serbia ranges from 80 to 120 mW/m2, which is above Europe's average (60 mW/m2). Currently, there are 66 projects in Serbia that directly use geothermal energy. There are an estimated 1005 geothermal heat pump units. Their power varies between 10 kW and 40 kW and they operate for 2860 full load hours per year. This paper deals with the development, current state and perspectives of geothermal energy utilization for heating in Serbia. To illustrate the current state of geothermal energy utilization in Serbia, spa settlements Vranjska Banja and Gornja Trepča, as well as the Bogatić Municipality have been singled out as examples of good practice. The presented analysis includes determining the available amount of geothermal energy and its utilization for district heating or heating of selected public facilities. The concept and methodology of the presented research are based on data collection through literature review, surveys and field research. The analysis confirms the cost-effectiveness of using geothermal energy and reveals numerous ecological advantages over other energy sources. However, it was concluded that аlthough there is potential, geothermal sources, as a renewable energy source, are used negligibly in Serbia.