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The relevance of the research is caused by the need to involve renewable biomass (in particular, peat) to generate heat and electrical energy. This will partially solve the problem of resource-deficient regions, depending on the supply of fuel from developed coal deposits. The main aim of the research is the investigation of thermal characteristics and the mineral matter of the peat of a number of large deposits of the Tomsk region to assess the possibility of their energy use. Objects of researches are the samples of low-moor peat from Sukhovskoye and Arkadyevskoye deposits and one of the Tomsk region deposits. Methods. Thermal characteristics of the studied samples were determined according to GOST 33503-2015 (ISO 11722:2013), 55661-2013 (ISO 1171:2010), 55660-2013 (ISO 562:2010). Net calorific values of the peats were determined in the ABK-1 calorimeter (Russia), the elemental composition of the organic matter was determined using the analyzer Vario Micro Cube (Elementar, Germany). Peat mineral matter composition was studied by X-ray fluorescence analysis using an EDX-720-P spectrometer (Shimadzu, Japan) as well as by X-ray diffractometry using a Shimadzu XRD7000 diffractometer (CuKα-radiation) with a Shimadzu CM-3121 monochromator counter. Typical ash melting points were determined according to GOST 2057-94 (ISO 540-81). The structure of the samples under study was examined by scanning electron microscopy using a TM 3000 electron microscope (Hitachi, Japan). Results. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that, due to the high ash content, the use of okolotomsky peat for chamber-type combustion is impractical. However, this resource can be considered as a mineral fertilizer in agriculture due to the presence of such elements as phosphorus, potassium. The high content of carbonates indicates the possibility of its using as an additive to high-sulfur coal to reduce emissions of sulfur oxide SOx. The characteristics of sukhovskoу and аrkadyevsky peat make it possible to consider them as an alternative to imported fuel. The preferred method of energy use of peat from Tomsk region fields is its combustion in a fluidized bed.

The article presents an interview of the deputy editor-in-chief of Journal of Environmental, Earth and Energy Study K. Degtyarev with Dmitry Strebkov, a RAS Academician, the Research advisor of Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, and the Head of Chair of UNESCO Renewable Energy and Rural Electrification. Topics of discussion: global energy problem solutions through renewables, above all - solar energy, new ways and outlooks in electricity transmission, including N. Tesla technologies.

One of the most pressing problems of our time is environmental safety. The pollution of the Earth’s atmosphere in recent decades is caused by work at thermal power plants burning coal in the territories of the most popular states (USA, China, India, etc.). The use of a new class of fuel – bio-water-coal – can significantly reduce emissions of man-made gases, generated during combustion of coal in the furnaces of steam and hot water boilers, into the Earth’s atmosphere, expand the raw materials base of the modern thermal power plants and increase the resource efficiency of coal-fired power systems. The aim of the research is to study the influence of the concentration composition on the integral characteristics of ignition of the drops of the biohydrocarbon fuels under high-temperature heating. Object: a water-coal suspension based on brand T coal, water and spruce needles. In the course of the experimental studies, the following mass concentrations of coal and biomass were considered 50/0 %, 45/5 %, 40/10 %, 35/15 %, respectively (50 % – water). Method: experimental determination using the high-speed Photron FASTCAM CA4 video camera of the temporal characteristics of ignition of drops of the bio-water-coal suspensions under conditions corresponding to the heating intensity of the combustion chambers of the steam and hot water boilers; registration of medium temperature using chromel-alumel thermocouples. Results. The effect of mass concentration of forest combustible material on ignition delay times (tign) of water-coal fuels has been established. It was shown that when the fuel composition contains 15 % of biomass, the ignition delay times are reduced by more than three times compared with water-coal fuel without adding biomass at relatively low temperatures of the combustion medium. The results of experimental studies are also the basis for development of combustion models of liquid composite fuels.

The purpose of this work is to develop a diagram version of the compensating device, and its control strategies using a phase-shifting transformer device. The purpose has been achieved performing a complex of research based on structural-simulation models both for the compensating device as a whole, and for the phase-shifting transformer. Based on the phase-shifting transformer model, calculation experiments in idle, short-circuit and under load conditions have been carried out. The obtained data allowed to determine the energy characteristics of the object of research and to perform analysis of its characteristics during the process of adjusting the angle of phase shift. The paper also provides the results of research in the regime's parameters issue of the device as a whole. The obtained data confirmed the functionality of the proposed reactive power source. The novelty of the work consists in the development of innovative circuit variant of controlled compensating device. Its component parts are susceptances, allowing carrying out a symmetrical adjustment of reactive power both consumed and offered to the network in a predetermined range. A control diagram for adjusting windings of a phase-shifting transformer has been proposed. The control's principle of power electronic keys provides control of the phase shift of the voltage at the output terminals of the device in the range from 0° to 60° at 15 switching positions. The proposed technical solution provides symmetrical smooth control of reactive power in a wide range at the point of connection of the device to the network.

The modern urban policy sets rather complex challenges connected with simultaneous depreciation of finished goods, works acceleration, improvement of design decisions, and also with improvement of quality, reliability and availability of housing for construction branch. Standard constructive solutions of elements now in use of the building are rather well studied and have an application vast experience in housing construction. In the Republic of Bashkortostan the greatest distribution was gained by constructive solutions of elements of the building, classical for mass housing construction, in particular, standard options of overlappings and coverings from monolithic and precast concrete concern to them. Well-known shortcomings of these versions of decisions can be compensated, realizing overlappings from assembly and monolithic the keramzitobetonnykh of blocks, to conforming all requirements for reliability and the heat-shielding allowing to receive the qualitative bearing building element with an optimum level of expenses and time in climatic conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The proposed solutions will allow to reduce costs of 1 sq.m of overlapping to 1,5 2 times, to lose volume weight to 1,5-2 times of rather classical options from monolithic and precast concrete. The given results of the technical and economic analysis of the recommended options of overlappings (coverings) show their high efficiency and availability to projects of housing construction, including to the socially oriented housing financed from budgets of all levels. Современная градостроительная политика ставит перед строительной отраслью достаточно сложные задачи, связанные с одновременным снижением стоимости готовой продукции, ускорением производства работ, совершенствованием проектных решений, а также с повышением качества, надежности и доступности жилья. Используемые в настоящее время типовые конструктивные решения элементов здания достаточно хорошо изучены и имеют богатый опыт применения в жилищном строительстве. В Республике Башкортостан наибольшее распространение получили классические для массового жилищного строительства конструктивные решения элементов здания, в частности, к ним относятся типовые варианты перекрытий и покрытий из монолитного и сборного железобетона. Хорошо известные недостатки этих вариантов решений можно компенсировать, реализуя перекрытия из сборно-монолитных керамзитобетонных блоков, позволяющие получать качественный несущий элемент здания с оптимальным уровнем затрат и времени, соответствующие всем требованиям по надежности и теплозащиты в природно-климатических условиях Республики Башкортостан. Предлагаемые решения позволят сократить затраты на 1 м 2 перекрытия до 1,5 - 2 раз, снизить объемный вес до 1,5-2 раз относительно классических вариантов из монолитного и сборного железобетона. Приведенные результаты технико-экономического анализа рекомендованных вариантов перекрытий (покрытий) показывают их высокую эффективность и доступность для проектов жилищного строительства, в том числе для социально-ориентированного жилья, финансируемого из бюджетов всех уровней.

По словам Пекки Вуоринена, директора по окружающей среде и энергетике Конфедерации финской строительной индустрии RTT«Строительная отрасль - это цепочка, образованная множеством участников, где каждый должен понимать, что он может сделать для сокращения выбросов углерода».Поэтому все, кто работает в строительной отрасли, должны стремиться к этой общей цели. Действуя совместно и ответственно, мы сможем сократить выбросы и внести свой вклад в достижение цели - стать первой страной с нулевым выбросом углекислого газа. According to Pekka Vuorinen, Director of Environment and Energy at the Confederation of the Finnish Construction Industry RTT, “The construction industry is a chain formed by many participants, where everyone needs to understand what they can do to reduce carbon emissions.” Therefore, everyone working in the construction industry should strive towards this common goal. By acting collaboratively and responsibly, we can reduce emissions and contribute to the goal of becoming the first carbon-neutral country.

Россия обладает огромными ресурсами для перехода к зеленой экономике: человеческими, материальными, технологическими и природными. Зеленая экономика рассматривается в контексте борьбы с глобальным изменением климата и перспективного направления выхода из финансово-экономического кризиса. Для зеленого экономического роста в России приоритетной является инновационная модернизация минерально-сырьевого и топливно-энергетического комплексов, сохраняющими ключевую роль в обеспечении устойчивости социально-экономического развития и национальной безопасности страны. Russia has huge resources for the transition to a green economy: human, material, technological and natural. The green economy is considered in the context of the fight against global climate change and a promising way out of the financial and economic crisis. For green economic growth in Russia, the priority is the innovative modernization of the mineral and fuel and energy complexes, which retain a key role in ensuring the sustainability of socio-economic development and national security of the country. №2 (2020)

Целью работы является анализ текущего состояния энергетической ситуации Японии и предложение вариантов эффективного развития альтернативных источников энергии в целях уменьшения уровня зависимости страны от импорта природных ресурсов. Были решены следующие задачи: - Провести обзор текущего состояния альтернативных источников энергии в Японии и их вклада в общий энергетический баланс. - Оценить техническую и экономическую целесообразность различных альтернативных источников энергии в Японии. - Определить экологические и социальные преимущества альтернативных источников энергии в Японии. - Оценить политические рамки и механизмы поддержки развития альтернативной энергетики в Японии. - Предоставить рекомендации по будущему развитию и внедрению альтернативных источников энергии в Японии. Актуальность темы обусловлена отсутствием возможности обеспечивать энергосеть страны за счет внутренних природных источников энергии и сильная зависимость от импорта энергоносителей, значительно влияющей на экономику страны. Источниками информации выступили данные отечественной и зарубежной научно-исследовательской литературы, официальных Интернет-ресурсов и аналитических агентств. Результатом исследования стал анализ современного подхода к развитию систем альтернативной энергетики, оценка потенциальных выгод от внедрения аналогичных подходов в Японии и основных преимуществ координации между странами, развивающими альтернативную энергетику на своих территориях. Был представлен наиболее устойчивый способ реализации перехода к энергосистеме P2P. The purpose of the work is to analyze the current state of Japan’s energy situation and propose options for the effective development of alternative energy sources in order to reduce the country’s dependence on imports of natural resources. The following tasks were solved: - To review the current state of alternative energy sources in Japan and their contribution to the overall energy mix. - To evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of various alternative energy sources in Japan. - To identify the environmental and social benefits of alternative energy sources in Japan. - To assess the policy framework and support mechanisms for alternative energy development in Japan. - To provide recommendations for the future development and implementation of alternative energy sources in Japan. The relevance of the topic is due to the lack of the ability to provide the country’s energy grid at the expense of domestic natural energy sources and a strong dependence on energy imports, which significantly affects the country’s economy. The sources of information were data from domestic and foreign research literature, official Internet resources and analytical agencies. The study resulted in analysis of modern alternative energy systems development approach, estimation of potential benefits of implementation similar approaches in Japan and main benefits of coordination between nations developing alternative energy on their territories. Еhe most sustainable way of implementation ща P2P energy grid transition was presented.

Данная выпускная квалификационная работа выполнена на тему: «Краткосрочные и среднесрочные температурные циклы, и их влияние на эффективность использования возобновляемых источников энергии» и посвящена изучению основных краткосрочных и среднесрочных температурных циклов. Изучены и рассмотрены циклы солнечной и ледовой активности, выяснены их причины и последствия, также более подробно изучены температурные циклы Эль-Ниньо и Ла-Нинья. Дана оценка влияния температурных циклов на эффективность использования возобновляемых источников энергии. Проведен анализ возможных решений для увеличения эффективности использования возобновляемых источников энергии при изменении температурных условий. Дана оценка и прогноз современной природной ситуации с позиций концепции природной температурной цикличности. В результате изучения и рассмотрения было выяснено, что температурные циклы оказывают значительное влияние на эффективность использования возобновляемых источников энергии, и в следствие чего, необходимо учитывать эти факторы и принимать меры для оптимизации работы системы при разработке новых проектов. Выяснено, что дальнейшие исследования в этой области могут способствовать развитию более эффективных и устойчивых источников энергии, что является важным шагом на пути к устойчивому развитию нашей планеты. Solar and ice activity cycles were studied and analyzed, their causes and consequences were determined, and the El Niño and La Niña temperature cycles were examined in more detail. An assessment was made of the impact of temperature cycles on the efficiency of using renewable energy sources. An analysis was conducted of possible solutions to increase the efficiency of using renewable energy sources when temperature conditions change. An evaluation and forecast of the current natural situation from the perspective of the concept of natural temperature cyclicality was given. As a result of the study, it was found that temperature cycles have a significant impact on the efficiency of using renewable energy sources, and as a result, these factors must be considered and measures taken to optimize system operation when developing new projects. It was found that further research in this area can contribute to the development of more efficient and sustainable energy sources, which is an important step towards sustainable development of our planet.

The gas engine driven carbon dioxide heat pump designed for providing the heat, cold and electricity for industrial poultry house is proposed. The scheme differs from the known by using recuperative heat exchanger installed between the exhaust air duct of poultry house and heat pump evaporator and the heat curtain installed on the air duct after the evaporator. The air coming into the poultry house after the regenerative heat exchanger is supplied to the heat pump gas cooler. The heat pump produces heat of the required parameters of the input air and water for watering of poultry, space heating, etc. Heat pump compressor is driven by gas engine (GPA), by natural gas or biogas. The part of the gas-piston engine heat is used for adjusting the optimal heat pump mode and for regeneration of the absorbent in an evaporative cooler. The proposed technical solution of the above scheme provides a higher COP of the heat pump. Installing of heat curtain does not require the use of non-freezing solution to prevent icing of the air outlet of heat pump evaporator. The latter allows producing, besides electric power and heat, still cold (with the use off the adsorption-refrigerating machine) and provide drying air inlet evaporative cooler (if necessary).