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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Volkov E.P.; Arkhipov A.M.; Prokhorov V.B.; Chernov S.L.;

    The changes of environmental legislation of the Russian Federation will lead to a drastic increase of the ecological payments for environmental pollution in excess of technological standards. Significant excess in relative emissions of nitrogen oxides take place in burning solid fuel with liquid slag-tap removal. The purpose of this article was to develop technical solutions for low-cost reconstruction of the boilers to ensure efficient combustion of the fuel and technological standards of emissions of nitrogen oxides. As shown the use of straight-flow burners with compulsory optimization of the aerodynamics of the furnace and the organization of staged combustion of fuel will provide low nitrogen oxide emissions and efficient fuel combustion. Research on physical models has demonstrated the feasibility of increasing the angle of the pulverized coal burners down to 65-70o, and also achieved a more uniform distribution and increase the speed of the jets coming from upper and lower tertiary air vertical compartments of nozzles through the installation of the vertical extra sheets, which guide the flow in a space between jets. The results obtained allow the transfer of existing boilers with slag-tag removal to a solid with the installation of direct-flow burners and optimization of the aerodynamics of the furnace, which provides regulations for energy efficiency and ecological safety corresponding to the best, achieved technologies, and dramatically reduces environmental payments. The proposed technology in boiler BKZ-210-140F allowed reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides by more than 2 times when burning highly reactive Kuznetsk coal, as shown as an example.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Volkov E.P.; Arkhipov A.M.; Prokhorov V.B.; Chernov S.L.;

    The changes of environmental legislation of the Russian Federation will lead to a drastic increase of the ecological payments for environmental pollution in excess of technological standards. Significant excess in relative emissions of nitrogen oxides take place in burning solid fuel with liquid slag-tap removal. The purpose of this article was to develop technical solutions for low-cost reconstruction of the boilers to ensure efficient combustion of the fuel and technological standards of emissions of nitrogen oxides. As shown the use of straight-flow burners with compulsory optimization of the aerodynamics of the furnace and the organization of staged combustion of fuel will provide low nitrogen oxide emissions and efficient fuel combustion. Research on physical models has demonstrated the feasibility of increasing the angle of the pulverized coal burners down to 65-70o, and also achieved a more uniform distribution and increase the speed of the jets coming from upper and lower tertiary air vertical compartments of nozzles through the installation of the vertical extra sheets, which guide the flow in a space between jets. The results obtained allow the transfer of existing boilers with slag-tag removal to a solid with the installation of direct-flow burners and optimization of the aerodynamics of the furnace, which provides regulations for energy efficiency and ecological safety corresponding to the best, achieved technologies, and dramatically reduces environmental payments. The proposed technology in boiler BKZ-210-140F allowed reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides by more than 2 times when burning highly reactive Kuznetsk coal, as shown as an example.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Muravyov (Murav’ev), Sergey Vasilyevich; Borisova, Maria Andreevna;

    Актуальность исследования обусловлена тем, что систематическое проведение энергетических обследований электрических сетей с целью выявления потерь электроэнергии составляет основу энергосбережения и энергоэффективности. Обработка результатов энергетических обследований представляет собой работу с большим объемом неструктурированных данных, которые плохо поддаются полному учету. Цель исследования: рассмотрение возможности решения проблемы обработки результатов энергетических обследований на основе агрегирования предпочтений, что может обеспечить эффективное сжатие данных без потери информации и наглядную визуализацию результатов энергоаудита. В качестве объектов исследования рассмотрены магистральные электрические сети, входящие в Единую национальную электрическую сеть России. Магистральные электрические сети, в свою очередь, состоят из предприятий магистральных электрических сетей, каждое из которых объединяет большое количество подстанций. Данные ежегодных энергетических обследований магистральных электрических сетей России содержатся в базе ПАО «ФСК ЕЭС». Методы. Предложен основанный на агрегировании предпочтений метод, позволяющий представить большой объем данных инструментальных обследований потери энергии подстанциями сетей распределения электрической энергии в форме компактной интегральной оценки в порядковой шкале, удобной для принятия решений и визуализации. Обсуждается применение предложенного метода для анализа реальных данных энергетического обследования магистральных электрических сетей России. Результаты. Метод позволяет выявить источники экономически нерациональных затрат энергетических ресурсов и неоправданных потерь энергии, обеспечить сжатие больших объемов данных энергообследований без потери существенной информации. Предложенный метод может стать удобным перспективным инструментом для организаций, занимающихся энергоконсалтингом. The relevance of the research is caused by the fact that systematic energy surveys of power networks to identify possible energy loss is the basis for energy saving and energy efficiency. Energy survey data processing is a work with large volume of unstructured data that is difficult to fully account. The main aim of the paper is to solve the problem of energy survey data processing on the base of preference aggregation approach, which will enable efficient data compression preventing the loss of useful information and provide clear visualization of energy audit results. The Backbone Electric Grids (BEGs), being a part of the Unified National Electric Network of Russia are considered as the object of the research. The Backbone Electric Grids, in their turn, consist of the Enterprises of Backbone Electric Grids, each of which may unite a large number of substations. Annual energy survey data of Russian Backbone Electric Grids are included in the database of the Federal Grid Company of Unified Energy System. Methods. The authors propose themethod, based on the preference aggregation, which allow obtaining and representing a great amount of data of instrumental survey of substation energy losses in a form of a compact integral estimate in the ordinal scale convenient for rapid decision making and visualization. Application of the proposed method to processing energy survey data of real backbone electric grids of Russia is discussed in the paper. Results. The method makes it possible to identify sources of economically inefficient expenditure of energy resources and unjustified energy losses, and also to provide compression of large volumes of energy survey data without diminution of essential information. The proposed method can be an appropriate and promising tool for organizations engaged in energy consulting.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Electronic archive o...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Muravyov (Murav’ev), Sergey Vasilyevich; Borisova, Maria Andreevna;

    Актуальность исследования обусловлена тем, что систематическое проведение энергетических обследований электрических сетей с целью выявления потерь электроэнергии составляет основу энергосбережения и энергоэффективности. Обработка результатов энергетических обследований представляет собой работу с большим объемом неструктурированных данных, которые плохо поддаются полному учету. Цель исследования: рассмотрение возможности решения проблемы обработки результатов энергетических обследований на основе агрегирования предпочтений, что может обеспечить эффективное сжатие данных без потери информации и наглядную визуализацию результатов энергоаудита. В качестве объектов исследования рассмотрены магистральные электрические сети, входящие в Единую национальную электрическую сеть России. Магистральные электрические сети, в свою очередь, состоят из предприятий магистральных электрических сетей, каждое из которых объединяет большое количество подстанций. Данные ежегодных энергетических обследований магистральных электрических сетей России содержатся в базе ПАО «ФСК ЕЭС». Методы. Предложен основанный на агрегировании предпочтений метод, позволяющий представить большой объем данных инструментальных обследований потери энергии подстанциями сетей распределения электрической энергии в форме компактной интегральной оценки в порядковой шкале, удобной для принятия решений и визуализации. Обсуждается применение предложенного метода для анализа реальных данных энергетического обследования магистральных электрических сетей России. Результаты. Метод позволяет выявить источники экономически нерациональных затрат энергетических ресурсов и неоправданных потерь энергии, обеспечить сжатие больших объемов данных энергообследований без потери существенной информации. Предложенный метод может стать удобным перспективным инструментом для организаций, занимающихся энергоконсалтингом. The relevance of the research is caused by the fact that systematic energy surveys of power networks to identify possible energy loss is the basis for energy saving and energy efficiency. Energy survey data processing is a work with large volume of unstructured data that is difficult to fully account. The main aim of the paper is to solve the problem of energy survey data processing on the base of preference aggregation approach, which will enable efficient data compression preventing the loss of useful information and provide clear visualization of energy audit results. The Backbone Electric Grids (BEGs), being a part of the Unified National Electric Network of Russia are considered as the object of the research. The Backbone Electric Grids, in their turn, consist of the Enterprises of Backbone Electric Grids, each of which may unite a large number of substations. Annual energy survey data of Russian Backbone Electric Grids are included in the database of the Federal Grid Company of Unified Energy System. Methods. The authors propose themethod, based on the preference aggregation, which allow obtaining and representing a great amount of data of instrumental survey of substation energy losses in a form of a compact integral estimate in the ordinal scale convenient for rapid decision making and visualization. Application of the proposed method to processing energy survey data of real backbone electric grids of Russia is discussed in the paper. Results. The method makes it possible to identify sources of economically inefficient expenditure of energy resources and unjustified energy losses, and also to provide compression of large volumes of energy survey data without diminution of essential information. The proposed method can be an appropriate and promising tool for organizations engaged in energy consulting.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Electronic archive o...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Korobeynikov S.M.; Bychkov A.L.; Chimitova E.V.; Demin V.A.;

    In this paper, we consider the problems related to measuring and analyzing the characteristics of partial discharges which are the main instrument for oil-filled high-voltage electrical equipment diagnosing. The experiments on recording of partial discharges in transformer oil have been carried out in the “point-plane” electrode system at alternating current. The instantaneous voltage and the apparent charge have been measured depending on the root-mean-square voltage and the phase angle of partial discharges. This paper aimes at carrying out a statistical analysis of the obtained experimental results, in particular, the construction of a parametric probabilistic model of the dependence of the partial discharge inception voltage distribution on the value of the root-mean-square voltage. It differs from usual discharges which occur in liquid dielectric materials in case of sharp inhomogeneous electrode system. It has been suggested that discharges of a different type are the discharges in gas bubbles that occur when partial discharges in a liquid emerge. This assumption is confirmed by the fact that the number of such discharges increases with increasing the root-meansquare voltage value. It is the main novelty of this paper. This corresponds to the nature of the occurrence of such discharges. After rejecting the observations corresponding to discharges in gas bubbles, a parametric probabilistic model has been constructed. The model obtained makes it possible to determine the probability of partial discharge occurrence in a liquid at a given value of the instantaneous voltage depending on the root-mean-square voltage. 

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    Authors: Korobeynikov S.M.; Bychkov A.L.; Chimitova E.V.; Demin V.A.;

    In this paper, we consider the problems related to measuring and analyzing the characteristics of partial discharges which are the main instrument for oil-filled high-voltage electrical equipment diagnosing. The experiments on recording of partial discharges in transformer oil have been carried out in the “point-plane” electrode system at alternating current. The instantaneous voltage and the apparent charge have been measured depending on the root-mean-square voltage and the phase angle of partial discharges. This paper aimes at carrying out a statistical analysis of the obtained experimental results, in particular, the construction of a parametric probabilistic model of the dependence of the partial discharge inception voltage distribution on the value of the root-mean-square voltage. It differs from usual discharges which occur in liquid dielectric materials in case of sharp inhomogeneous electrode system. It has been suggested that discharges of a different type are the discharges in gas bubbles that occur when partial discharges in a liquid emerge. This assumption is confirmed by the fact that the number of such discharges increases with increasing the root-meansquare voltage value. It is the main novelty of this paper. This corresponds to the nature of the occurrence of such discharges. After rejecting the observations corresponding to discharges in gas bubbles, a parametric probabilistic model has been constructed. The model obtained makes it possible to determine the probability of partial discharge occurrence in a liquid at a given value of the instantaneous voltage depending on the root-mean-square voltage. 

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    Authors: Mariev, O. S.; Davidson, N. B.; Emelianova, O. S.;

    В настоящее время в России, как и в других странах мира, существует проблема загрязнения окружающей среды, связанная с экономической деятельностью. Как известно, экономическое развитие происходит одновременно с процессами урбанизации. Целью нашего исследования является оценка влияния урбанизации на выбросы углекислого газа в регионах России. Исследование проводится для 77 российских регионов на основе данных Федеральной службы государственной статистики и Единой межведомственной информационно-статистической системой за 2001-2015 гг. Применяется модель квантильной регрессии, в которой зависимой переменной являются выбросы CO2 на душу населения. Урбанизация измеряется как доля городского населения в регионах. В модель включен также валовой региональный продукт на душу населения для проверки гипотезы экологической кривой Кузнеца. В качестве контрольных переменных рассматриваются потребление электроэнергии на душу населения, расходы на технологические инновации на душу населения и поступление прямых иностранных инвестиций на душу населения. Для оценки модели используется метод Монте-Карло с Марковскими цепями. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что урбанизация способствует снижению выбросов CO2 в регионах России 10-го и 50-го квантилей, тогда как в регионах 25-го, 75-го и 90-го квантилей более высокая урбанизация ведет к увеличению выбросов CO2. Кроме того, гипотеза экологической кривой Кузнеца подтверждается для части российских регионов, т. е. с увеличением валового регионального продукта на душу населения выбросы CO2 увеличиваются до определенной точки, а при дальнейшем росте валового регионального продукта на душу населения они уменьшаются. Как и ожидалось, увеличение потребления энергии приводит к увеличению выбросов CO2. Было выявлено, что поступление прямых иностранных инвестиций приводит к снижению выбросов CO2 для 50-го и 90-го квантилей; для других квантилей переменная «прямые иностранные инвестиции» оказалась незначимой. Мы считаем важным, в частности, тот результат, что с увеличением региональных расходов на технологические инновации выбросы CO2 снижаются. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны для формирования региональной экологической политики. Today the world faces the environmental problems arising from economic activity, and Russia is no exception. At the same time, it is a well known fact that economic development is associated with urbanization process. Our aim is to estimate the impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions. In this paper, we study 77 Russian regions based on data for the years 2001-2015, provided by the Federal Service for State Statistics and the Unified Inter-Agency Information and Statistical System. The Quantile regression model is applied, with the dependent variable of CO2 emissions per capita. Urbanization is measured as a share of urban population in the regions. Gross regional product per capita is included into the model to test the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Control variables are energy consumption per capita, expenditures on technological innovations per capita and foreign direct investment per capita. Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is used to estimate the model. Mixed evidence of the urbanization effect on CO2 emission is revealed: urbanization contributes to decrease in CO2 emissions in the Russian regions of 10th and 50th quantiles, while in the regions of 25th, 75th and 90th quantiles higher urbanization leads to increase in CO2 emissions. The hypothesis of Environmental Kuznets Curve is al-so confirmed for some Russian regions, i. e. with an increase in gross regional product per capita CO2 emissions increase up to a certain point, and with further growth of gross regional product per capita they decrease. As expected, an increase in energy consumption leads to an increase in CO2 emissions. Foreign direct investment is found to affect negatively CO2 emissions, when this variable is significant, i. e. for the 50th and 90th quantiles. We find it important that with an increase in regional expenditures on technical innovations CO2 emissions decrease. The results of this research can be useful for regional policy. Исследование выполнено за счет г ранта Р оссийского н аучного ф онда (проект № 19-18-00262 «Моделирование сбалансированного технологического и социально-экономического развития российских регионов»). Research was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation № 19-18-00262 «Empirical modelling of balanced technological and socioeconomic development in the Russian regions».

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    Authors: Mariev, O. S.; Davidson, N. B.; Emelianova, O. S.;

    В настоящее время в России, как и в других странах мира, существует проблема загрязнения окружающей среды, связанная с экономической деятельностью. Как известно, экономическое развитие происходит одновременно с процессами урбанизации. Целью нашего исследования является оценка влияния урбанизации на выбросы углекислого газа в регионах России. Исследование проводится для 77 российских регионов на основе данных Федеральной службы государственной статистики и Единой межведомственной информационно-статистической системой за 2001-2015 гг. Применяется модель квантильной регрессии, в которой зависимой переменной являются выбросы CO2 на душу населения. Урбанизация измеряется как доля городского населения в регионах. В модель включен также валовой региональный продукт на душу населения для проверки гипотезы экологической кривой Кузнеца. В качестве контрольных переменных рассматриваются потребление электроэнергии на душу населения, расходы на технологические инновации на душу населения и поступление прямых иностранных инвестиций на душу населения. Для оценки модели используется метод Монте-Карло с Марковскими цепями. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что урбанизация способствует снижению выбросов CO2 в регионах России 10-го и 50-го квантилей, тогда как в регионах 25-го, 75-го и 90-го квантилей более высокая урбанизация ведет к увеличению выбросов CO2. Кроме того, гипотеза экологической кривой Кузнеца подтверждается для части российских регионов, т. е. с увеличением валового регионального продукта на душу населения выбросы CO2 увеличиваются до определенной точки, а при дальнейшем росте валового регионального продукта на душу населения они уменьшаются. Как и ожидалось, увеличение потребления энергии приводит к увеличению выбросов CO2. Было выявлено, что поступление прямых иностранных инвестиций приводит к снижению выбросов CO2 для 50-го и 90-го квантилей; для других квантилей переменная «прямые иностранные инвестиции» оказалась незначимой. Мы считаем важным, в частности, тот результат, что с увеличением региональных расходов на технологические инновации выбросы CO2 снижаются. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны для формирования региональной экологической политики. Today the world faces the environmental problems arising from economic activity, and Russia is no exception. At the same time, it is a well known fact that economic development is associated with urbanization process. Our aim is to estimate the impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions. In this paper, we study 77 Russian regions based on data for the years 2001-2015, provided by the Federal Service for State Statistics and the Unified Inter-Agency Information and Statistical System. The Quantile regression model is applied, with the dependent variable of CO2 emissions per capita. Urbanization is measured as a share of urban population in the regions. Gross regional product per capita is included into the model to test the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Control variables are energy consumption per capita, expenditures on technological innovations per capita and foreign direct investment per capita. Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is used to estimate the model. Mixed evidence of the urbanization effect on CO2 emission is revealed: urbanization contributes to decrease in CO2 emissions in the Russian regions of 10th and 50th quantiles, while in the regions of 25th, 75th and 90th quantiles higher urbanization leads to increase in CO2 emissions. The hypothesis of Environmental Kuznets Curve is al-so confirmed for some Russian regions, i. e. with an increase in gross regional product per capita CO2 emissions increase up to a certain point, and with further growth of gross regional product per capita they decrease. As expected, an increase in energy consumption leads to an increase in CO2 emissions. Foreign direct investment is found to affect negatively CO2 emissions, when this variable is significant, i. e. for the 50th and 90th quantiles. We find it important that with an increase in regional expenditures on technical innovations CO2 emissions decrease. The results of this research can be useful for regional policy. Исследование выполнено за счет г ранта Р оссийского н аучного ф онда (проект № 19-18-00262 «Моделирование сбалансированного технологического и социально-экономического развития российских регионов»). Research was supported by the grant of the Russian Science Foundation № 19-18-00262 «Empirical modelling of balanced technological and socioeconomic development in the Russian regions».

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    Authors: Leksin, V. N.; Profiryev, B. N.;

    To properly justify the priorities for the Russian Arctic Zone sustainable development is methodologically challenging for two reasons. Firstly, this challenge is due to fast changes of external and internal conditions for the development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). Secondly, the interpretation of the concept of "sustainability" is too wide inconsistent. As the concepts of "sustainability" as well as the concept of "sustainable growth" in this wide sense are frequently used to characterize economic, social and other processes and systems, these key categories are difficult to apply as development' targets and evaluation criteria practice of public administration in Russia. Using the case of Arctic macro-region, the paper substantiates the concept of spatial systems' sustainability as their ability to maintain functionality under destabilizing impact of exogenous and endogenous factors. Such an ability is particularly important because of variations in structure and intensity of these negative impacts, including from climate change. Within this methodological framework, we have specified the indicators of sustainability relating to the practice of public management in the AZRF development. The paper has discussed the existing and emerging exogenous and endogenous impacts on the AZRF development sustainability. We set two priorities among the goals and objectives for ensuring the AZRF sustainable functioning under the conditions of climate. In social (socio-economic) sphere, it is necessary to maintain and improve the public health. In economic sphere, the most needed are strengthening of coherency and reliability of the transportation system, energy supplies to distant consumers, and stimulating of investment and industrial activities of the large industrial corporations. Даны определения понятий "устойчивое развитие", "устойчивый рост" и "устойчивость". На примере Арктического макрорегиона обоснована концепция устойчивости пространственных систем. Рассмотрены особенности традиционных и новых экзогенных и эндогенных факторов воздействия на устойчивость функционирования Арктической зоны Российской Федерации. The research has been supported by the grant program by Russian Science Foundation, research project No 14-38-00009 Special-purpose program management of comprehensive development of the Arctic area of the Russian Federation, Peter the Great St. Petersbur

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    Authors: Leksin, V. N.; Profiryev, B. N.;

    To properly justify the priorities for the Russian Arctic Zone sustainable development is methodologically challenging for two reasons. Firstly, this challenge is due to fast changes of external and internal conditions for the development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). Secondly, the interpretation of the concept of "sustainability" is too wide inconsistent. As the concepts of "sustainability" as well as the concept of "sustainable growth" in this wide sense are frequently used to characterize economic, social and other processes and systems, these key categories are difficult to apply as development' targets and evaluation criteria practice of public administration in Russia. Using the case of Arctic macro-region, the paper substantiates the concept of spatial systems' sustainability as their ability to maintain functionality under destabilizing impact of exogenous and endogenous factors. Such an ability is particularly important because of variations in structure and intensity of these negative impacts, including from climate change. Within this methodological framework, we have specified the indicators of sustainability relating to the practice of public management in the AZRF development. The paper has discussed the existing and emerging exogenous and endogenous impacts on the AZRF development sustainability. We set two priorities among the goals and objectives for ensuring the AZRF sustainable functioning under the conditions of climate. In social (socio-economic) sphere, it is necessary to maintain and improve the public health. In economic sphere, the most needed are strengthening of coherency and reliability of the transportation system, energy supplies to distant consumers, and stimulating of investment and industrial activities of the large industrial corporations. Даны определения понятий "устойчивое развитие", "устойчивый рост" и "устойчивость". На примере Арктического макрорегиона обоснована концепция устойчивости пространственных систем. Рассмотрены особенности традиционных и новых экзогенных и эндогенных факторов воздействия на устойчивость функционирования Арктической зоны Российской Федерации. The research has been supported by the grant program by Russian Science Foundation, research project No 14-38-00009 Special-purpose program management of comprehensive development of the Arctic area of the Russian Federation, Peter the Great St. Petersbur

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  • Ветроэлектрическая установка типа Савониуса - это вертикально-осевой ветрогенератор, который характеризуется высоким стартовым моментом, относительно низкой скоростью эксплуатации и способностью работать при любом направлении ветра. В данной работе изучены энергетические и аэродинамические характеристики ветрогенераторов типа Савониуса, а также подробно рассматриваются основные пути их улучшения. Выделены основные направления исследований по улучшению характеристик роторов Савониуса, такие как создание математических моделей, использование горячего воздуха, использование потока воды вместо ветра, а также изменение конструкции ротора. Наиболее эффективным направлением улучшения энергетических характеристик ротора Савониуса является добавление к конструкции аэродинамических труб. Savonius type wind turbine is a vertical axis wind turbine, which has a high starting torque, a relatively low speed of operation and the ability to work in any direction of the wind. In this paper we studied the energеtic and the aerodynamic characteristics of the Savonius type wind turbine and focused on the main ways of their improving. The basic areas of researches on the improvement of the characteristics of Savonius rotors are the creation of mathematical models, the usage of hot air, the usage of water flows instead of the wind, as well as the changing the rotor design. The most efficient way of improvement the energy performance of the Savonius rotor is to add wind tunnels to the construction.

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  • Ветроэлектрическая установка типа Савониуса - это вертикально-осевой ветрогенератор, который характеризуется высоким стартовым моментом, относительно низкой скоростью эксплуатации и способностью работать при любом направлении ветра. В данной работе изучены энергетические и аэродинамические характеристики ветрогенераторов типа Савониуса, а также подробно рассматриваются основные пути их улучшения. Выделены основные направления исследований по улучшению характеристик роторов Савониуса, такие как создание математических моделей, использование горячего воздуха, использование потока воды вместо ветра, а также изменение конструкции ротора. Наиболее эффективным направлением улучшения энергетических характеристик ротора Савониуса является добавление к конструкции аэродинамических труб. Savonius type wind turbine is a vertical axis wind turbine, which has a high starting torque, a relatively low speed of operation and the ability to work in any direction of the wind. In this paper we studied the energеtic and the aerodynamic characteristics of the Savonius type wind turbine and focused on the main ways of their improving. The basic areas of researches on the improvement of the characteristics of Savonius rotors are the creation of mathematical models, the usage of hot air, the usage of water flows instead of the wind, as well as the changing the rotor design. The most efficient way of improvement the energy performance of the Savonius rotor is to add wind tunnels to the construction.

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    Authors: Gadal, Sébastien;

    International audience

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    Authors: Gadal, Sébastien;

    International audience

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    Authors: Dzyuba, M. Yu.; Pershina, S. V.; Vlasova, S. G.;

    In this work, solid electrolytes with a NASICON structure of composition Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3, obtained by the method of directional crystallization of glass, were investigated. The influence of the crystallization temperature of the initial glassy electrolyte on the electrical conductivity of glass-ceramics Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 was studied. The conductivity of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 glass-ceramics sintered at 820 °C is 3,94·10-4 S/cm at 25 °C. В работе исследованы твердые электролиты со структурой NASICON состава Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3, полученные методом направленной кристаллизации стекла. Изучено влияние температуры кристаллизации исходного стеклообразного электролита на электропроводность стеклокерамики Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3. Установлено, что проводимость стеклокерамики Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3, закристаллизованной при 820 °C, составляет 3,94·10-4 См/см при 25 °C. Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект № 18-73-00099).

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    Authors: Dzyuba, M. Yu.; Pershina, S. V.; Vlasova, S. G.;

    In this work, solid electrolytes with a NASICON structure of composition Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3, obtained by the method of directional crystallization of glass, were investigated. The influence of the crystallization temperature of the initial glassy electrolyte on the electrical conductivity of glass-ceramics Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 was studied. The conductivity of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 glass-ceramics sintered at 820 °C is 3,94·10-4 S/cm at 25 °C. В работе исследованы твердые электролиты со структурой NASICON состава Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3, полученные методом направленной кристаллизации стекла. Изучено влияние температуры кристаллизации исходного стеклообразного электролита на электропроводность стеклокерамики Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3. Установлено, что проводимость стеклокерамики Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3, закристаллизованной при 820 °C, составляет 3,94·10-4 См/см при 25 °C. Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект № 18-73-00099).

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  • The article describes the types of mathematical models for describing aerodynamic processes in the initial design stage. The influence of the configuration of the blades of the rotor on its effectiveness and the impact of changes in characteristics on the performance of the Darrieus rotor. The substantiation of choice of the installation design with the Darrieus rotor. The investigated rotor model using electric equivalent circuits. This model allows to simulate the behavior of the rotor in case of mechanical damage of the blades. В статье рассмотрены виды математических моделей для описания аэродинамических процессов на начальном этапе проектирования. Рассмотрено влияние конфигурации лопастей ротора на его эффективность, а также влияние изменения характеристик на производительность ротора Дарье. Приведено обоснование о выборе места установки конструкции с ротором Дарье. Исследована модель ротора с использованием электрических эквивалентных схем. Данная модель позволяет имитировать поведение ротора в случае механических повреждений лопастей.

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  • The article describes the types of mathematical models for describing aerodynamic processes in the initial design stage. The influence of the configuration of the blades of the rotor on its effectiveness and the impact of changes in characteristics on the performance of the Darrieus rotor. The substantiation of choice of the installation design with the Darrieus rotor. The investigated rotor model using electric equivalent circuits. This model allows to simulate the behavior of the rotor in case of mechanical damage of the blades. В статье рассмотрены виды математических моделей для описания аэродинамических процессов на начальном этапе проектирования. Рассмотрено влияние конфигурации лопастей ротора на его эффективность, а также влияние изменения характеристик на производительность ротора Дарье. Приведено обоснование о выборе места установки конструкции с ротором Дарье. Исследована модель ротора с использованием электрических эквивалентных схем. Данная модель позволяет имитировать поведение ротора в случае механических повреждений лопастей.

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    Authors: Nikitin, A. D.; Khudyakova, G. I.; Ryzhkov, A. F.;

    The paper presents an overview of the use of biomass as a supplement to the main form of fuel for IGCC power plants. The data on current use of biomass and carried out in this direction research are presented. The described experimental setup, are created research to joint gasification of coal dust and biomass. В работе представлен обзор использования биомассы в качестве добавки к основному виду топлива на ПГУ с внутрицикловой газификацией. Приведены данные по существующему использованию биомассы и по проводимым в этом направлении исследованиям. Описана экспериментальная установка, создаваемая для исследования совместной газификации угольной пыли и биомассы. Исследование выполнено в Уральском федеральном университете за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект №14-19-00524)

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Institutional reposi...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Nikitin, A. D.; Khudyakova, G. I.; Ryzhkov, A. F.;

    The paper presents an overview of the use of biomass as a supplement to the main form of fuel for IGCC power plants. The data on current use of biomass and carried out in this direction research are presented. The described experimental setup, are created research to joint gasification of coal dust and biomass. В работе представлен обзор использования биомассы в качестве добавки к основному виду топлива на ПГУ с внутрицикловой газификацией. Приведены данные по существующему использованию биомассы и по проводимым в этом направлении исследованиям. Описана экспериментальная установка, создаваемая для исследования совместной газификации угольной пыли и биомассы. Исследование выполнено в Уральском федеральном университете за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект №14-19-00524)

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Institutional reposi...arrow_drop_down
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