• Energy Research
• Spanish; Castilian close
• Normandie Université close

Rapport réalisé pour l'ANR Modural. ; Since the Brundtland report and the Conference of Rio in 1992, the political agendas have seized the “sustainable city” paradigm, at the center of which lies the concept of “sustainable mobility”, despite the absence of a clear and operational definition. From a North-South circulation of models perspective, sustainable mobility has also been adopted by Latin-American public policies. However, due to the strong social concerns among the continent, and above all its cities, the environmental issues are in the background of the social protests that occur there. This report carries out a comparison between two Latin-American metropolis, Bogotá and Lima, on the basis of the public policies of mobility adopted and then of the environmental externalities produced by transport, and their mitigation measures. Both cities experienced urban transition and unplanned growth during the second half of the 20th century, but have followed different development paths along the last decades. Especially, Bogotá set up an ambitious public transport reform as long as the promotion of cycling thanks to its strong governance, whereas institutional fragmentation in Lima only produces a widely informal development. However, the lack of clear definition of funding for the transport reform as long as of joint planning of transport and urbanism put constraints to reaching sustainability in Bogotá: on the one hand, informal transport spreading again fills the gap of the new service, on the other hand, private modes, among which the moto, are growing quickly. These are major stakes to think about looking for a development pathway in Lima. In both cities, the stock of vehicles is ancient and produces a lot of environmental externalities. The analysis of the climate action and air pollution plans of both cities reveals methodological limits regarding the quantification of the impact of the proposed actions. That is why we set up an innovating methodology to assess the environmental impact of mobility. ...