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  • Energy Research
  • Open Access
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  • Dutch; Flemish
  • Erasmus University Rotterdam

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sauer, P.J.J. (Pieter);

    Tijdens het laatste trimester van de normale zwangerschap voltrekt zich een belangrijk deel van de groei van een foetus,het gewicht neemt toe, van ongeveer 1000 gram op de leeftijd van 28 weken tot ongeveer 3000 gram bij 38 weken. Behalve deze sterke gewichtstoename verandert in deze periode ook de lichaamssamenstelling van een foetus, het vetgehalte neemt toe ten koste van het lichaamswater. Tijdens het laatste trimester van de normale zwangerschap voltrekt zich ook een belangrijk deel van de hersengroei. Ondervoeding van de foetus tijdens het laatste trimester kan invloed hebben op de uiteindelijke ontwikkeling van het kind, zeker indien de ondervoeding na de geboorte voort blijft bestaan. Bij pasgeborenen welke geboren worden na een kortere zwangerschapsduur dan normaal, dienen de beschreven ontwikkelingen zich extrauterien te voltrekken. Groei is voor deze kinderen zeer belangrijk, een gestoorde groei in de eerste maanden na de - te vroege - geboorte kan tot blijvende schade aanleiding geven. Onderzoek naar factoren welke invloed hebben op de groei is daarom zinvol.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Erasmus University I...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Erasmus University I...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Curran, M.A. (Mary Ann);

    textabstractLife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a developing tool that can assist decision-makers in evaluating the comparative potential cradle-to-grave, environmental impacts of their actions in order to prevent unintended consequences. The LCA tool is designed to assist in the evaluation along the ‘value chain’ of a product’s life from the perspective that the many processes are interdependent, so that decisions made at one point along the life cycle can have consequences elsewhere. LCA enables the estimation of the cumulative environmental impacts, often including impacts that go beyond the boundaries of traditional analyses. By including the impacts throughout the product life cycle, LCA provides a comprehensive view of the environmental aspects and a more accurate picture of the true environmental trade-offs in product or process alteration or selection. After a brief look at the general LCA methodology, this thesis presents information about some of the current! limitations that prevent LCA from being a more widely-used tool that generates replicable, defensible results. The thesis author then introduces the subject of integrating LCA results into the decision-making process, suggesting that the potentially, holistic view offered by LCA can be valuable as one tool for helping to achieve sustainable societal development. Bio-fuels are presented as the subject of a “wicked problem” for which LCA can be used to support the decision-making process. The thesis then focuses on the co-product allocation issue and presents the results of testing various allocation schemes (weight, volume, market value, energy, and demand-based approach) across a fuel system. The relative ranking of conventional gas to alternative ethanol fuels is consistent in all allocation schemes. This thesis addresses three topical areas within LCA: the evolution and current status of LCA methodology (Chapter 2), integrating LCA with sustainability decision-making! with a focus on bio-based materials (Chapter 3), and co-product allocation methodology (Chapters 4 and 5). The final chapter (Chapter 6) presents overall conclusions about the future of LCA and suggests further, urgently needed, research.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DANS (Data Archiving...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DANS (Data Archiving...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Dijkgraaf, E. (Elbert);

    textabstractOratie uitgesproken bij de openbare aanvaarding van de leerstoel ‘Empirische economie van de publieke sector’ op 13 oktober 2009. Het Nederlandse energiebeleid is voor een groot deel gebaseerd op convenanten, maar het effect hiervan is niet aan te tonen. Elbert Dijkgraaf, pleit er in zijn oratie dan ook voor dat Nederland net als de landen om ons heen er voor kiest meer belastingmaatregelen, subsidies of regelgeving in te voeren. Via vrijwillige afspraken met bedrijven probeert de overheid het energiegebruik en aan dit gebruik verbonden emissies van CO2 te verminderen. Dijkgraaf onderzocht in welke mate beleidsinstrumenten samenhangen met energiegebruik, CO2 -emissies en het gebruik van hernieuwbare energie. Hieruit blijkt dat er geen bewijs is voor de effectiviteit van convenanten. Andere landen kiezen vaker voor subsidies, belastingen of regelgeving. Daarvan is wel vast te stellen dat deze invloed hebben op het energieverbruik. Vooral belastingen scoren veel beter, maar ook subsidies en regelgeving hebben invloed. Verandering van het Nederlandse beleid richting een grotere inzet van deze instrumenten kan dan ook helpen om de afgesproken klimaatdoelstellingen te halen. Als toch (deels) doorgegaan wordt op de convenanten weg, dan moet in ieder geval geprobeerd worden de effectiviteit van convenanten te vergroten. Dit kan door bijvoorbeeld een duidelijke sanctie op te nemen als het convenant mislukt.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DANS (Data Archiving...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DANS (Data Archiving...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ast, J.A. (Jacko) van;

    In dit artikel wordt nader inge-gaan op deze historische ontwikkeling naar grensoverschrijdende en meer op interactie gebaseerde vormen van waterbeheer. De belangrijkste resultaten van een onderzoek naar de institutionalisering van duurzaam waterbeheer in een grensoverschrijdende context1 komen aan de orde. Uit een analyse van de geschiedenis van het Nederlandse waterbeheerscon-cept, de literatuur over recente visies op het omgaan met water en diverse afspraken over het beheer van grensoverschrijdende wateren is een streefbeeld voor het waterbeheer gedestilleerd. Dit modelwaterbeheer, dat de naam ‘interactief watermanagement’ heeft gekregen, is getoetst aan de praktijk van het waterbeheer in verschillende plaatsen in de wereld. Het resultaat is een incrementeel invoeringstraject dat bij beleidsbeslissingen over grensoverschrijdende watersystemen een nuttig perspectief kan bieden.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Erasmus University I...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Erasmus University I...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Perego, P.M. (Paolo);

    textabstractAn increasing number of companies voluntary disclose information about their social and environment performance in sustainability reports. This study investigates the causes and consequences of choosing different assurance providers for companies seeking independent verification of their sustainability reports. We employ a logistical regression analysis from an international sample of 136 companies to document that companies domiciled in countries with a weaker governance system are more likely to choose a big-4 accounting firm as assurance provider. We additionally examine the association between the type of assurance provider and the quality of a sustainability assurance statement. Using a content analysis based on an existing framework (O'Dwyer and Owen, 2005), we provide evidence that big-4 accounting firms positively affect assurance quality in terms of reporting format and assurance procedures. In contrast, the quality of the recommendations and opinions in a sustainability assurance statement is positively associated with non-accounting assurance providers.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://hdl.handle.n...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://hdl.handle.n...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sauer, P.J.J. (Pieter);

    Tijdens het laatste trimester van de normale zwangerschap voltrekt zich een belangrijk deel van de groei van een foetus,het gewicht neemt toe, van ongeveer 1000 gram op de leeftijd van 28 weken tot ongeveer 3000 gram bij 38 weken. Behalve deze sterke gewichtstoename verandert in deze periode ook de lichaamssamenstelling van een foetus, het vetgehalte neemt toe ten koste van het lichaamswater. Tijdens het laatste trimester van de normale zwangerschap voltrekt zich ook een belangrijk deel van de hersengroei. Ondervoeding van de foetus tijdens het laatste trimester kan invloed hebben op de uiteindelijke ontwikkeling van het kind, zeker indien de ondervoeding na de geboorte voort blijft bestaan. Bij pasgeborenen welke geboren worden na een kortere zwangerschapsduur dan normaal, dienen de beschreven ontwikkelingen zich extrauterien te voltrekken. Groei is voor deze kinderen zeer belangrijk, een gestoorde groei in de eerste maanden na de - te vroege - geboorte kan tot blijvende schade aanleiding geven. Onderzoek naar factoren welke invloed hebben op de groei is daarom zinvol.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Erasmus University I...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Erasmus University I...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Curran, M.A. (Mary Ann);

    textabstractLife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a developing tool that can assist decision-makers in evaluating the comparative potential cradle-to-grave, environmental impacts of their actions in order to prevent unintended consequences. The LCA tool is designed to assist in the evaluation along the ‘value chain’ of a product’s life from the perspective that the many processes are interdependent, so that decisions made at one point along the life cycle can have consequences elsewhere. LCA enables the estimation of the cumulative environmental impacts, often including impacts that go beyond the boundaries of traditional analyses. By including the impacts throughout the product life cycle, LCA provides a comprehensive view of the environmental aspects and a more accurate picture of the true environmental trade-offs in product or process alteration or selection. After a brief look at the general LCA methodology, this thesis presents information about some of the current! limitations that prevent LCA from being a more widely-used tool that generates replicable, defensible results. The thesis author then introduces the subject of integrating LCA results into the decision-making process, suggesting that the potentially, holistic view offered by LCA can be valuable as one tool for helping to achieve sustainable societal development. Bio-fuels are presented as the subject of a “wicked problem” for which LCA can be used to support the decision-making process. The thesis then focuses on the co-product allocation issue and presents the results of testing various allocation schemes (weight, volume, market value, energy, and demand-based approach) across a fuel system. The relative ranking of conventional gas to alternative ethanol fuels is consistent in all allocation schemes. This thesis addresses three topical areas within LCA: the evolution and current status of LCA methodology (Chapter 2), integrating LCA with sustainability decision-making! with a focus on bio-based materials (Chapter 3), and co-product allocation methodology (Chapters 4 and 5). The final chapter (Chapter 6) presents overall conclusions about the future of LCA and suggests further, urgently needed, research.

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    Authors: Dijkgraaf, E. (Elbert);

    textabstractOratie uitgesproken bij de openbare aanvaarding van de leerstoel ‘Empirische economie van de publieke sector’ op 13 oktober 2009. Het Nederlandse energiebeleid is voor een groot deel gebaseerd op convenanten, maar het effect hiervan is niet aan te tonen. Elbert Dijkgraaf, pleit er in zijn oratie dan ook voor dat Nederland net als de landen om ons heen er voor kiest meer belastingmaatregelen, subsidies of regelgeving in te voeren. Via vrijwillige afspraken met bedrijven probeert de overheid het energiegebruik en aan dit gebruik verbonden emissies van CO2 te verminderen. Dijkgraaf onderzocht in welke mate beleidsinstrumenten samenhangen met energiegebruik, CO2 -emissies en het gebruik van hernieuwbare energie. Hieruit blijkt dat er geen bewijs is voor de effectiviteit van convenanten. Andere landen kiezen vaker voor subsidies, belastingen of regelgeving. Daarvan is wel vast te stellen dat deze invloed hebben op het energieverbruik. Vooral belastingen scoren veel beter, maar ook subsidies en regelgeving hebben invloed. Verandering van het Nederlandse beleid richting een grotere inzet van deze instrumenten kan dan ook helpen om de afgesproken klimaatdoelstellingen te halen. Als toch (deels) doorgegaan wordt op de convenanten weg, dan moet in ieder geval geprobeerd worden de effectiviteit van convenanten te vergroten. Dit kan door bijvoorbeeld een duidelijke sanctie op te nemen als het convenant mislukt.

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    Authors: Ast, J.A. (Jacko) van;

    In dit artikel wordt nader inge-gaan op deze historische ontwikkeling naar grensoverschrijdende en meer op interactie gebaseerde vormen van waterbeheer. De belangrijkste resultaten van een onderzoek naar de institutionalisering van duurzaam waterbeheer in een grensoverschrijdende context1 komen aan de orde. Uit een analyse van de geschiedenis van het Nederlandse waterbeheerscon-cept, de literatuur over recente visies op het omgaan met water en diverse afspraken over het beheer van grensoverschrijdende wateren is een streefbeeld voor het waterbeheer gedestilleerd. Dit modelwaterbeheer, dat de naam ‘interactief watermanagement’ heeft gekregen, is getoetst aan de praktijk van het waterbeheer in verschillende plaatsen in de wereld. Het resultaat is een incrementeel invoeringstraject dat bij beleidsbeslissingen over grensoverschrijdende watersystemen een nuttig perspectief kan bieden.

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    Authors: Perego, P.M. (Paolo);

    textabstractAn increasing number of companies voluntary disclose information about their social and environment performance in sustainability reports. This study investigates the causes and consequences of choosing different assurance providers for companies seeking independent verification of their sustainability reports. We employ a logistical regression analysis from an international sample of 136 companies to document that companies domiciled in countries with a weaker governance system are more likely to choose a big-4 accounting firm as assurance provider. We additionally examine the association between the type of assurance provider and the quality of a sustainability assurance statement. Using a content analysis based on an existing framework (O'Dwyer and Owen, 2005), we provide evidence that big-4 accounting firms positively affect assurance quality in terms of reporting format and assurance procedures. In contrast, the quality of the recommendations and opinions in a sustainability assurance statement is positively associated with non-accounting assurance providers.

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