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  • Energy Research
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  • College of Slavonski Brod

  • Authors: Mijočević, Slađan;

    U ovom radu opisane su dinamičke metode ispitivanja metalnih materijala. Navedena je podjela ispitivanja mehaničkih svojstava materijala i njihov povijesni razvoj. Udarni rad loma je detaljno opisan kao i njegove metode ispitivanja. Također su navedeni i opisani faktori koji imaju utjecaj na žilavost materijala. U drugom dijelu rada opisan je umor materijala i teorije o nastanku pukotina uz dijagrame o dinamičkoj izdržljivosti. U ovom dijelu su također opisani strojevi za ispitivanje umaranjem te metode predviđanja umora materijala. ; In this work dynamic methods of testing metallic materials are described. The division of testing of mechanical properties of materials and their historical development is given. Impact energy is described in detail as well as its testing methods. Factors that have influence on the toughness of the material are also listed and described. In the second part of the work the material fatigue and the theory of crack formation are described with diagrams of dynamic durability. In this part fatigue testing machines are also described and methods for predicting material fatigue.

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  • Authors: Barišić, Branimir;

    U radu je prikazan energetski pregled obiteljske kuće i način izrade energetskog certifikata za istu. Energetskim pregledom je ustanovljeno trenutno stanje građevine i popisani su svi potrošači, otvori i njihove dimenzije i dimenzije same kuće i pripadajućih prostorija. Nakon pregleda uslijedilo je prenošenje podataka i dimenzija sa papira u računalni program AutoCad gdje su jasno prikazani tlocrti kata i prizemlja. Analizom prikupljenih podataka i unosom istih u računalni program KI Expert Plus dobiveni su svi toplinski dobici, gubici i na kraju je dobiven certifikat. Kuća se nalazi u „E“ energetskom razredu. Na temelju rezultata predložene su mjere za poboljšanje učinkovitosti. Nakon implementacije svih tih mjera, ukupni gubici energije su smanjeni a time se i kuća nalazi u boljem enregetskom razredu. ; The paper presents an energy audit of a family home and how to produce an energy certificate for the same. The energy inspection has established the current state of the building and lists all consumers, openings and their dimensions and dimensions of the house itself and associated premises. The review was followed by the transfer of data and dimensions from paper to the AutoCad computer program, which clearly shows floor and ground floor plans. By analyzing the data collected and entering it into the computer program KI Expert Plus, all heat gains, losses were obtained and a certificate was finally obtained. The house is in "E" energy class. Based on the results, efficiency improvement measures are proposed. After implementing all these measures, the total energy losses are reduced and the house is in a better energy class.

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  • Authors: Zebić, Mislav;

    U radu je predstavljena jedna vrsta biogoriva koja se u svijetu sve više proizvodi, a u pitanju je bioetanol. U svijetu smo svjedoci sve većeg onečišćenja od strane fosilnih goriva, pa je stoga bilo potrebno razviti nekakvu alternativu fosilnim gorivima. Biogoriva se dobivaju iz biomase, odnosno obnovljivih sirovina koje su vrlo često otpad industrije, neiskorišteni dijelovi u poljoprivredi itd. Što se tiče bioetanola, postoje bioetanol 1. i 2. generacije. Proizvodi se većinom od šećerne trske i kukuruza, najviše u Brazilu i SAD-u. Nalazi veliku primjenu u svakodnevnom životu, najviše kao gorivo u mješavini sa benzinom u prijevozu. Jako je pogodan kao gorivo jer ne onečišćuje okoliš. U svijetu se, pa tako i u Hrvatskoj, sve više uključuju i same države u cilju poticanja proizvodnje jer se želi što više koristiti energije iz OIE. Hrvatska ima i svoj akcijski plan koji je napravila još prije ulaska u EU kojim planira uvođenje energije iz obnovljivih izvora u iznosu od 20 % do 2020. godine, ali se vidi da to kod nas još nije prepoznato. ; The paper presents a kind of biofuel that is increasingly produced in the world, and is bioethanol. In the world, we are witnessing increasing pollution by fossil fuels, and therefore an alternative to fossil fuels had to be developed. Biogas is derived from biomass, respectively renewable raw materials that are very often a waste industry, unused farms, etc. As for bioethanol, there are bioethanol 1 and 2 generations. It is made mostly of sugarcane and maize, mostly in Brazil and the USA. It finds great application in everyday life, mostly as fuel in a blend of gasoline in transport. It is very suitable as fuel because it does not pollute the environment. In the world, even in Croatia, more and more the state is involved in order to stimulate production because it wants to use more energy from the RSE. Croatia also has its own action plan before it joins the EU, which plans to introduce renewable energy sources in the amount of 20 % by 2020., but it can be seen that it has not been recognized by us yet.

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  • Authors: Perak, Ante;

    Danas se biomasa sve više koristi kao zamjena za fosilna goriva. Drvna sječka je jedan od popularnijih oblika obnovljivih izvora energije u Hrvatskoj. Dobiva se sjeckanjem šumskih ostataka i ostataka iz drvne industrije. Sječku možemo razlikovati po karakteristikama, te o njima ovisi cijena i kvaliteta sječke. Skladištenje drvne sječke je od iznimne važnosti. Ako drvnu sječku skladištimo u lošim uvjetima može doći do truljenja ili samozapaljenja. Može se koristiti kao gorivo u kotlovima za proizvodnju električne i toplinske energije, za grijanje u stambenim zgradama, industriji i ostalim postrojenjima. ; Today biomass is increasingly used as a substitute for fossil fuels. Wood chips is one of the most popular forms of renewable energy sources in Croatia. Obtained by crushing forest residues and residues from the wood industry. Chips can be distinguished by characteristics, and on them depends the price and quality of chips. Storage of wood chips is of paramount importance. If wood chips are stored in poor conditions can get to decay or spontaneous combustion. It can be used as fuel in boilers to produce electricity and thermal energy for heating in residential buildings, industry and other plants.

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  • Authors: Adžam, Sebastian;

    U radu je opisan princip rada sustava centralnog grijanja kućanstva pomoću pirolitičkog kotla i princip rada solarnih sustava za grijanje. Također je opisan rad sustava za grijanje koji se sastoji od kombinacije pirolitičkog kotla i solarnih kolektora te je analizirana i opisana isplativost primjene takvog sustava. ; This paper describes the working principle of the central heating system with pyrolytic boiler and working principle of solar heating systems . Also described is operation of the system for heating, consisting of a combination of pyrolysis boiler and solar collectors and is described and analyzed cost effectiveness of using such a system.

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  • Authors: Zlatunić, Boris;

    U uvodu je kratko opisan povijesni razvoj fotonaponskog modula, fotoelektrični efekt i komponente fotonaponskog sustava. Glavni dio rada odnosi se na eksperimentalna ispitivanja na fotonaponskom modulu kako bi se definirao utjecaj pojedinih faktora (kao što su vrsta osvjetljenja, kut postavljanja modula) na učinkovitost fotonaponskog modula te na osnovi eksperimentalnih ispitivanja utvrditi razliku između nazivnih i stvarnih karakteristika fotonaponskog modula. ; The final paper analyzes the historical development of the photovoltaic module, photoelectric effect, the photoelectric system components. The main part of the paper refers to experimental tests on the photovoltaic modules to determine the influence of individual factors (such as inclination, illumination, direction.) on efficiency of photovoltaic module and on the basis of experimental tests determine the difference between the default and real characteristic of photovoltaic module.

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  • Authors: Agotić, Maja;

    U radu je izvršen izračun potrebne toplinske energije (referentne godišnje potrošnje toplinske energije) za grijanje stambene zgrada-obiteljske kuća u Slavonskom Brodu sa potrebnim ulaznim i izlaznim podacima za proračun. Potrebna toplinska energija za zgradu je ovisna o obliku građevine, konstrukcijskim materijalima, toplinskoj izolaciji, karakteristikama energetskih sustava i klimatskim uvjetima u kojima se zgrada nalazi. Kao energent za grijanje u navedenom primjeru je korišten prirodni plin, pa je za izračun potrošnje prirodnog plina (referentna godišnja potrošnja toplinske energije) uzeta prosječna potrošnja prirodnog plina od I/2013 do XII/2015. Budući da se u Hrvatskoj grijanje obiteljskih kuća provodi osim korištenjem prirodnog plina i primjenom ostalih energenata (električna energija, lož ulje, ukapljeni naftni plin, ogrjevno drvo, peleti), načinjena je usporedba godišnje potrošnje pojedinog energenta s obzirom na referentnu godišnju potrošnju toplinske energije za grijanje, kao i usporedba godišnje cijene pojedinog energenta. S ekološkog aspekta je načinjena i usporedba godišnje emisije CO2 pojedinog energenta u ovisnosti o faktoru emisije pojedinog energenta. ; In this work it was carried out the calculation of heat energy (the reference year consumption of thermal energy) which is used for heating residential buildings-family house in Slavonski Brod with the necessary input and output data for the calculation. The heat energy which is used for the building depends on the shape of the building, construction materials, thermal insulation, energy system characteristics and climatic conditions in which the building is situated. Natural gas is used as an energy source for heating in the above example, so for the purpose of calculation the consumption of natural gas (reference annual heat consumption) was taken the average consumption of natural gas from I / 2013 to XII / 2015. Since in Croatia heating family houses is carried out in addition to the use of natural gas and by applying other energy (electricity, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas, firewood, pellets .), so in this paper a comparison of annual consumption for each energy source was made with respect to the reference annual consumption of thermal energy for heating, as well as the comparison of the annual cost for each energy source. With respect to ecological aspect it was made a comparison of annual CO2 emissions of each energy source in relation to the emission factor of each energy source.

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  • Authors: Tadić, Mario;

    U radu je opisan način prikupljanja, pripreme i iskorištenja drvne sječke kao energenta u procesima proizvodnje električne energije i topline. Naglasak ovog rada je na predstavljanju drvne sječke i općenito biomase kao jednog od tehnički najpotentnijih izvora obnovljive energije, kao i na načinu kako što učinkovitije i održivije koristiti ovaj energent. Praktični dio obuhvaća tehnički opis i princip rada kogeneracijskog postrojenja u prostorima tvrtke Slavonija D.I., koji je projektirala i montirala tvrtka Đ.Đ. Termoenergetska postrojenja. ; This study describe way of colecting, prepare and using wood chips as energent in electric and heat production process. Presentation is based on cognition that wood is technicaly most potent renewable source of energy and on the understanding how to use that energent on more sustainable way. Practical part includes technical describe and work principles of cogeneration plant Slavonija DI, which is projecting and assemblay by Đ.Đ. Termoenergetska postrijenja.

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  • Authors: Vrdoljak, Andrija;

    Energetski pregled zgrade služi za prikupljanje podataka s ciljem utvrđivanja učinkovitosti i/ili neučinkovitosti potrošnje energije i vode te donošenja zaključaka i preporuka za poboljšanje energetske učinkovitosti. Analizom prikupljenih podataka odabiru se konkretne ekološke i energetske optimalne mjere za poboljšanje energetskih svojstava zgrade te mjere nužne za zadovoljavanje minimalnih tehničkih uvjeta. Sve predložene mjere moraju biti u skladu s hrvatskim propisima te normama. Za postizanje i održavanje toplinske ugodnosti potrebno je nadoknaditi sve toplinske gubitke (transmisijske i ventilacijske) a istodobno potrošiti što manje energije. Transmisijski gubici direktno su ovisni o gradbenim materijalima vanjske ovojnice zgrade odnosno vrijednosti koeficijenta prolaska topline. Stoga je u ovom radu izvršena analiza koeficijenta prolaske topline, troškova gradbenih materijala i potrebne energije za grijanje. ; An energy audit of a building is used to collect data with determination and / or inefficiency of energy and water consumption and to draw conclusions and recommendations for increasing energy costs. By analyzing the data collected, specific environmental and energy optimal measures are selected to improve the energy performance of buildings, which measures are necessary to satisfy the minimum technical requirements. All proposed measures must comply with the Croatian regulations of that standard. In order to achieve and maintain thermal comfort, it is necessary to compensate for all heat losses (transmission and ventilation) while consuming as little energy as possible. Transmission losses are directly dependent on the building materials of the outer envelope of the building or the value of the heat transfer coefficient. Therefore, in this paper, an analysis of the heat transfer coefficient, the cost of building materials and the energy required for heating was performed.

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  • Authors: Kozina, Bruno;

    Ovim diplomskim radom želio sam istaknuti važnost korištenja obnovljivih izvora pa tako i sunčeve energije u svrhu održivog razvoja koji je postao misao vodilja 21. stoljeća. U Republici Hrvatskoj još nije dovoljno podignuta svijest građanstva kao ni zakonodavstva o važnosti korištenja tog besplatnog energenta čija bolja iskorištenost bi znatno poboljšala ekološke aspekte problema i povećala energetsku sigurnost i stabilnost ekonomije, privrede i društva u cjelini. Javnost je nedovoljno upoznata sa činjenicom da 1 kw instalirane snage električne energije na godišnjoj razini, smanjuje emisiju ugljičnog dioksida (CO2) za 1tonu. Hrvatska obzirom na svoj geološki položaj, ima ogroman potencijal, 40-60% više sunčane energije koja padne na površinu zemlje u odnosu na Europu, a koji se ne koristi dovoljno. Ukoliko bi zakonodavna svijest u Hrvatskoj porasla do te mjere da iskoristimo svoje prirodne i tehničke potencijale sunčeve energije, daleko bi nadmašila svoje sadašnje ali i znatno veće buduće energetske potrebe, te bi od uvoznika električne energije postala izvoznik, pokrenula tijek kapitala, pokrenula vlastitu proizvodnju, smanjila nezaposlenost te smanjila emisiju štetnih tvari zbog kojih je svaka država Europske unije podložna sankcijama. Društvo koje uspije zamijeniti dobrim dijelom iskoristivost ograničenih fosilnih resursa obnovljivim izvorima energije, osiguralo si je neovisnost, budućnost i prosperitet na planetu. Rad je pisan u sklopu kolegija Projektni menadžment i predstavlja kompletan projekt koji se može primijeniti za postavljanje solarnih panela za kućanstva. Obuhvaćen je zakonodavni i institucionalni okvir, čija provedba je, za usporedbu, 3-4 puta sporija nego u zemljama Europske unije. Analizom ekonomske isplativosti dokazano je da se povrat investicije vrši relativno brzo, u roku 4,5 godina ukoliko se radi o vlastitim sredstvima, a nešto duže ukoliko se radi o kreditnim sredstvima. Najveća prednost investiranja u postavljanje fotonaponskih sustava za iskorištenje sunčeve energije je u tome da je za razliku od izgradnje hidroelektrana, termoelektrana i ostalih izvora energenata za koje potreban veliki kapital, izgradnja mini solarnih pogona dostupna relativno velikom broju građana, koji na taj način mogu unaprijediti svoj način života. ; With this thesis I wanted to point out the importance of using renewable sources, including solar energy with the purpose of sustainable growth, which is a leading idea in the 21st century. In the Republic of Croatia awareness of citizens and lawmakers of the importance of using this free energy source, which would with improved efficiency significantly improve ecological factors as well as energy safety, economic stability as well as society as a whole, has still not been sufficiently raised. The public is inadequately informed with the fact that 1 kW of installed electrical power reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in one year by 1tons. Croatia, in regards with its geological position, has an enormous potential, 40-60 % more solar energy which falls upon land surface than the rest of Europe, and it isn’t used enough. If the lawmaker’s awareness in Croatia would increase to the rate where we would use our natural and technical potentials of solar energy, we would far surpass our current and future larger energy needs, and from an energy importer we would become an energy exporter, we would encourage the flow of capital, our own production, reduce unemployment and the emission of pollutants for which every society is a subject to sanctions. A society which succeeds in replacing limited fossil resources with renewable energy sources will ensure its independence, future and prosperity on the planet. This thesis was written as a part of the class Project management and represents a complete project which can be applied for placement of solar panels for households. It operates with the legal and institutional framework which is, for example, 3-4 times slower than in other countries of the EU. With an analysis of economic viability it has been proven that the return of investment is relatively fast, within 4-5 years if using your own funds and a little longer if using loans. The biggest advantage of investing in placement of solar panels is that, unlike building hydro plants, thermal power plants or other energy sources, building mini solar plants is available to a relatively large number of “ordinary” people, who can upgrade their lifestyle

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  • Authors: Mijočević, Slađan;

    U ovom radu opisane su dinamičke metode ispitivanja metalnih materijala. Navedena je podjela ispitivanja mehaničkih svojstava materijala i njihov povijesni razvoj. Udarni rad loma je detaljno opisan kao i njegove metode ispitivanja. Također su navedeni i opisani faktori koji imaju utjecaj na žilavost materijala. U drugom dijelu rada opisan je umor materijala i teorije o nastanku pukotina uz dijagrame o dinamičkoj izdržljivosti. U ovom dijelu su također opisani strojevi za ispitivanje umaranjem te metode predviđanja umora materijala. ; In this work dynamic methods of testing metallic materials are described. The division of testing of mechanical properties of materials and their historical development is given. Impact energy is described in detail as well as its testing methods. Factors that have influence on the toughness of the material are also listed and described. In the second part of the work the material fatigue and the theory of crack formation are described with diagrams of dynamic durability. In this part fatigue testing machines are also described and methods for predicting material fatigue.

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  • Authors: Barišić, Branimir;

    U radu je prikazan energetski pregled obiteljske kuće i način izrade energetskog certifikata za istu. Energetskim pregledom je ustanovljeno trenutno stanje građevine i popisani su svi potrošači, otvori i njihove dimenzije i dimenzije same kuće i pripadajućih prostorija. Nakon pregleda uslijedilo je prenošenje podataka i dimenzija sa papira u računalni program AutoCad gdje su jasno prikazani tlocrti kata i prizemlja. Analizom prikupljenih podataka i unosom istih u računalni program KI Expert Plus dobiveni su svi toplinski dobici, gubici i na kraju je dobiven certifikat. Kuća se nalazi u „E“ energetskom razredu. Na temelju rezultata predložene su mjere za poboljšanje učinkovitosti. Nakon implementacije svih tih mjera, ukupni gubici energije su smanjeni a time se i kuća nalazi u boljem enregetskom razredu. ; The paper presents an energy audit of a family home and how to produce an energy certificate for the same. The energy inspection has established the current state of the building and lists all consumers, openings and their dimensions and dimensions of the house itself and associated premises. The review was followed by the transfer of data and dimensions from paper to the AutoCad computer program, which clearly shows floor and ground floor plans. By analyzing the data collected and entering it into the computer program KI Expert Plus, all heat gains, losses were obtained and a certificate was finally obtained. The house is in "E" energy class. Based on the results, efficiency improvement measures are proposed. After implementing all these measures, the total energy losses are reduced and the house is in a better energy class.

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  • Authors: Zebić, Mislav;

    U radu je predstavljena jedna vrsta biogoriva koja se u svijetu sve više proizvodi, a u pitanju je bioetanol. U svijetu smo svjedoci sve većeg onečišćenja od strane fosilnih goriva, pa je stoga bilo potrebno razviti nekakvu alternativu fosilnim gorivima. Biogoriva se dobivaju iz biomase, odnosno obnovljivih sirovina koje su vrlo često otpad industrije, neiskorišteni dijelovi u poljoprivredi itd. Što se tiče bioetanola, postoje bioetanol 1. i 2. generacije. Proizvodi se većinom od šećerne trske i kukuruza, najviše u Brazilu i SAD-u. Nalazi veliku primjenu u svakodnevnom životu, najviše kao gorivo u mješavini sa benzinom u prijevozu. Jako je pogodan kao gorivo jer ne onečišćuje okoliš. U svijetu se, pa tako i u Hrvatskoj, sve više uključuju i same države u cilju poticanja proizvodnje jer se želi što više koristiti energije iz OIE. Hrvatska ima i svoj akcijski plan koji je napravila još prije ulaska u EU kojim planira uvođenje energije iz obnovljivih izvora u iznosu od 20 % do 2020. godine, ali se vidi da to kod nas još nije prepoznato. ; The paper presents a kind of biofuel that is increasingly produced in the world, and is bioethanol. In the world, we are witnessing increasing pollution by fossil fuels, and therefore an alternative to fossil fuels had to be developed. Biogas is derived from biomass, respectively renewable raw materials that are very often a waste industry, unused farms, etc. As for bioethanol, there are bioethanol 1 and 2 generations. It is made mostly of sugarcane and maize, mostly in Brazil and the USA. It finds great application in everyday life, mostly as fuel in a blend of gasoline in transport. It is very suitable as fuel because it does not pollute the environment. In the world, even in Croatia, more and more the state is involved in order to stimulate production because it wants to use more energy from the RSE. Croatia also has its own action plan before it joins the EU, which plans to introduce renewable energy sources in the amount of 20 % by 2020., but it can be seen that it has not been recognized by us yet.

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  • Authors: Perak, Ante;

    Danas se biomasa sve više koristi kao zamjena za fosilna goriva. Drvna sječka je jedan od popularnijih oblika obnovljivih izvora energije u Hrvatskoj. Dobiva se sjeckanjem šumskih ostataka i ostataka iz drvne industrije. Sječku možemo razlikovati po karakteristikama, te o njima ovisi cijena i kvaliteta sječke. Skladištenje drvne sječke je od iznimne važnosti. Ako drvnu sječku skladištimo u lošim uvjetima može doći do truljenja ili samozapaljenja. Može se koristiti kao gorivo u kotlovima za proizvodnju električne i toplinske energije, za grijanje u stambenim zgradama, industriji i ostalim postrojenjima. ; Today biomass is increasingly used as a substitute for fossil fuels. Wood chips is one of the most popular forms of renewable energy sources in Croatia. Obtained by crushing forest residues and residues from the wood industry. Chips can be distinguished by characteristics, and on them depends the price and quality of chips. Storage of wood chips is of paramount importance. If wood chips are stored in poor conditions can get to decay or spontaneous combustion. It can be used as fuel in boilers to produce electricity and thermal energy for heating in residential buildings, industry and other plants.

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  • Authors: Adžam, Sebastian;

    U radu je opisan princip rada sustava centralnog grijanja kućanstva pomoću pirolitičkog kotla i princip rada solarnih sustava za grijanje. Također je opisan rad sustava za grijanje koji se sastoji od kombinacije pirolitičkog kotla i solarnih kolektora te je analizirana i opisana isplativost primjene takvog sustava. ; This paper describes the working principle of the central heating system with pyrolytic boiler and working principle of solar heating systems . Also described is operation of the system for heating, consisting of a combination of pyrolysis boiler and solar collectors and is described and analyzed cost effectiveness of using such a system.

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  • Authors: Zlatunić, Boris;

    U uvodu je kratko opisan povijesni razvoj fotonaponskog modula, fotoelektrični efekt i komponente fotonaponskog sustava. Glavni dio rada odnosi se na eksperimentalna ispitivanja na fotonaponskom modulu kako bi se definirao utjecaj pojedinih faktora (kao što su vrsta osvjetljenja, kut postavljanja modula) na učinkovitost fotonaponskog modula te na osnovi eksperimentalnih ispitivanja utvrditi razliku između nazivnih i stvarnih karakteristika fotonaponskog modula. ; The final paper analyzes the historical development of the photovoltaic module, photoelectric effect, the photoelectric system components. The main part of the paper refers to experimental tests on the photovoltaic modules to determine the influence of individual factors (such as inclination, illumination, direction.) on efficiency of photovoltaic module and on the basis of experimental tests determine the difference between the default and real characteristic of photovoltaic module.

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  • Authors: Agotić, Maja;

    U radu je izvršen izračun potrebne toplinske energije (referentne godišnje potrošnje toplinske energije) za grijanje stambene zgrada-obiteljske kuća u Slavonskom Brodu sa potrebnim ulaznim i izlaznim podacima za proračun. Potrebna toplinska energija za zgradu je ovisna o obliku građevine, konstrukcijskim materijalima, toplinskoj izolaciji, karakteristikama energetskih sustava i klimatskim uvjetima u kojima se zgrada nalazi. Kao energent za grijanje u navedenom primjeru je korišten prirodni plin, pa je za izračun potrošnje prirodnog plina (referentna godišnja potrošnja toplinske energije) uzeta prosječna potrošnja prirodnog plina od I/2013 do XII/2015. Budući da se u Hrvatskoj grijanje obiteljskih kuća provodi osim korištenjem prirodnog plina i primjenom ostalih energenata (električna energija, lož ulje, ukapljeni naftni plin, ogrjevno drvo, peleti), načinjena je usporedba godišnje potrošnje pojedinog energenta s obzirom na referentnu godišnju potrošnju toplinske energije za grijanje, kao i usporedba godišnje cijene pojedinog energenta. S ekološkog aspekta je načinjena i usporedba godišnje emisije CO2 pojedinog energenta u ovisnosti o faktoru emisije pojedinog energenta. ; In this work it was carried out the calculation of heat energy (the reference year consumption of thermal energy) which is used for heating residential buildings-family house in Slavonski Brod with the necessary input and output data for the calculation. The heat energy which is used for the building depends on the shape of the building, construction materials, thermal insulation, energy system characteristics and climatic conditions in which the building is situated. Natural gas is used as an energy source for heating in the above example, so for the purpose of calculation the consumption of natural gas (reference annual heat consumption) was taken the average consumption of natural gas from I / 2013 to XII / 2015. Since in Croatia heating family houses is carried out in addition to the use of natural gas and by applying other energy (electricity, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gas, firewood, pellets .), so in this paper a comparison of annual consumption for each energy source was made with respect to the reference annual consumption of thermal energy for heating, as well as the comparison of the annual cost for each energy source. With respect to ecological aspect it was made a comparison of annual CO2 emissions of each energy source in relation to the emission factor of each energy source.

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  • Authors: Tadić, Mario;

    U radu je opisan način prikupljanja, pripreme i iskorištenja drvne sječke kao energenta u procesima proizvodnje električne energije i topline. Naglasak ovog rada je na predstavljanju drvne sječke i općenito biomase kao jednog od tehnički najpotentnijih izvora obnovljive energije, kao i na načinu kako što učinkovitije i održivije koristiti ovaj energent. Praktični dio obuhvaća tehnički opis i princip rada kogeneracijskog postrojenja u prostorima tvrtke Slavonija D.I., koji je projektirala i montirala tvrtka Đ.Đ. Termoenergetska postrojenja. ; This study describe way of colecting, prepare and using wood chips as energent in electric and heat production process. Presentation is based on cognition that wood is technicaly most potent renewable source of energy and on the understanding how to use that energent on more sustainable way. Practical part includes technical describe and work principles of cogeneration plant Slavonija DI, which is projecting and assemblay by Đ.Đ. Termoenergetska postrijenja.

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  • Authors: Vrdoljak, Andrija;

    Energetski pregled zgrade služi za prikupljanje podataka s ciljem utvrđivanja učinkovitosti i/ili neučinkovitosti potrošnje energije i vode te donošenja zaključaka i preporuka za poboljšanje energetske učinkovitosti. Analizom prikupljenih podataka odabiru se konkretne ekološke i energetske optimalne mjere za poboljšanje energetskih svojstava zgrade te mjere nužne za zadovoljavanje minimalnih tehničkih uvjeta. Sve predložene mjere moraju biti u skladu s hrvatskim propisima te normama. Za postizanje i održavanje toplinske ugodnosti potrebno je nadoknaditi sve toplinske gubitke (transmisijske i ventilacijske) a istodobno potrošiti što manje energije. Transmisijski gubici direktno su ovisni o gradbenim materijalima vanjske ovojnice zgrade odnosno vrijednosti koeficijenta prolaska topline. Stoga je u ovom radu izvršena analiza koeficijenta prolaske topline, troškova gradbenih materijala i potrebne energije za grijanje. ; An energy audit of a building is used to collect data with determination and / or inefficiency of energy and water consumption and to draw conclusions and recommendations for increasing energy costs. By analyzing the data collected, specific environmental and energy optimal measures are selected to improve the energy performance of buildings, which measures are necessary to satisfy the minimum technical requirements. All proposed measures must comply with the Croatian regulations of that standard. In order to achieve and maintain thermal comfort, it is necessary to compensate for all heat losses (transmission and ventilation) while consuming as little energy as possible. Transmission losses are directly dependent on the building materials of the outer envelope of the building or the value of the heat transfer coefficient. Therefore, in this paper, an analysis of the heat transfer coefficient, the cost of building materials and the energy required for heating was performed.

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  • Authors: Kozina, Bruno;

    Ovim diplomskim radom želio sam istaknuti važnost korištenja obnovljivih izvora pa tako i sunčeve energije u svrhu održivog razvoja koji je postao misao vodilja 21. stoljeća. U Republici Hrvatskoj još nije dovoljno podignuta svijest građanstva kao ni zakonodavstva o važnosti korištenja tog besplatnog energenta čija bolja iskorištenost bi znatno poboljšala ekološke aspekte problema i povećala energetsku sigurnost i stabilnost ekonomije, privrede i društva u cjelini. Javnost je nedovoljno upoznata sa činjenicom da 1 kw instalirane snage električne energije na godišnjoj razini, smanjuje emisiju ugljičnog dioksida (CO2) za 1tonu. Hrvatska obzirom na svoj geološki položaj, ima ogroman potencijal, 40-60% više sunčane energije koja padne na površinu zemlje u odnosu na Europu, a koji se ne koristi dovoljno. Ukoliko bi zakonodavna svijest u Hrvatskoj porasla do te mjere da iskoristimo svoje prirodne i tehničke potencijale sunčeve energije, daleko bi nadmašila svoje sadašnje ali i znatno veće buduće energetske potrebe, te bi od uvoznika električne energije postala izvoznik, pokrenula tijek kapitala, pokrenula vlastitu proizvodnju, smanjila nezaposlenost te smanjila emisiju štetnih tvari zbog kojih je svaka država Europske unije podložna sankcijama. Društvo koje uspije zamijeniti dobrim dijelom iskoristivost ograničenih fosilnih resursa obnovljivim izvorima energije, osiguralo si je neovisnost, budućnost i prosperitet na planetu. Rad je pisan u sklopu kolegija Projektni menadžment i predstavlja kompletan projekt koji se može primijeniti za postavljanje solarnih panela za kućanstva. Obuhvaćen je zakonodavni i institucionalni okvir, čija provedba je, za usporedbu, 3-4 puta sporija nego u zemljama Europske unije. Analizom ekonomske isplativosti dokazano je da se povrat investicije vrši relativno brzo, u roku 4,5 godina ukoliko se radi o vlastitim sredstvima, a nešto duže ukoliko se radi o kreditnim sredstvima. Najveća prednost investiranja u postavljanje fotonaponskih sustava za iskorištenje sunčeve energije je u tome da je za razliku od izgradnje hidroelektrana, termoelektrana i ostalih izvora energenata za koje potreban veliki kapital, izgradnja mini solarnih pogona dostupna relativno velikom broju građana, koji na taj način mogu unaprijediti svoj način života. ; With this thesis I wanted to point out the importance of using renewable sources, including solar energy with the purpose of sustainable growth, which is a leading idea in the 21st century. In the Republic of Croatia awareness of citizens and lawmakers of the importance of using this free energy source, which would with improved efficiency significantly improve ecological factors as well as energy safety, economic stability as well as society as a whole, has still not been sufficiently raised. The public is inadequately informed with the fact that 1 kW of installed electrical power reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in one year by 1tons. Croatia, in regards with its geological position, has an enormous potential, 40-60 % more solar energy which falls upon land surface than the rest of Europe, and it isn’t used enough. If the lawmaker’s awareness in Croatia would increase to the rate where we would use our natural and technical potentials of solar energy, we would far surpass our current and future larger energy needs, and from an energy importer we would become an energy exporter, we would encourage the flow of capital, our own production, reduce unemployment and the emission of pollutants for which every society is a subject to sanctions. A society which succeeds in replacing limited fossil resources with renewable energy sources will ensure its independence, future and prosperity on the planet. This thesis was written as a part of the class Project management and represents a complete project which can be applied for placement of solar panels for households. It operates with the legal and institutional framework which is, for example, 3-4 times slower than in other countries of the EU. With an analysis of economic viability it has been proven that the return of investment is relatively fast, within 4-5 years if using your own funds and a little longer if using loans. The biggest advantage of investing in placement of solar panels is that, unlike building hydro plants, thermal power plants or other energy sources, building mini solar plants is available to a relatively large number of “ordinary” people, who can upgrade their lifestyle

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