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The purpose of this paper is to compare the water balance and energy efficiency in the seasons analyzed by the students of the first cohort of PhD in sustainable development at the University of Manizales in the module called climate change, water and energy efficiency. In the case of water balances a correlation of the components of supply and demand is used, which are analyzed throughout a significance test to verify the relationship between variables. Regarding the issue of energy efficiency the tradeoff between water consumption as the production of biofuels and the reduction of CO2 emissions that it produces are evaluated. Subsequently the results shown by this exercise are explained and finally some alternatives are presented as an action plans if any of the presented case happens.

In order to understand what happens with the discipline of marketing and applicability in the education sector, this paper is constructed that aims to identify the evolution of marketing in the university sector from bibliometric findings, to know the possible approaches that have generated better connection with the university brand. To achieve this, the Scopus and Google Scholar databases are explored, within the findings management tools were evidenced from the educational marketing, which allows academic organizations to incorporate aspects such as competitiveness and sustainability in the national and international market. © 2020, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an enabling paradigm for Industry 4.0, where sensors and actuators connect to the Internet. The protocol LoRaWAN (Long Range Area Network) is one of the most used in the IoT, and its primary objective is to transmit sensor information over long distances with minimal energy consumption. This protocol implements Adaptive Data Rate scheme to optimize the energy consumed per node, which, when evaluated through exhaustive simulations in Omnet ++, has exhibited opportunities for improvement in convergence time. The present work shows machine learning models based on parametric and non-parametric methods based on Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The results indicate that the SVM and ANN methods have a success rate greater than 90% in the estimated parameters. © 2020, Associacao Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao. All rights reserved.

The Grupo EPM is experiencing a remarkable change in its strategy of social responsibility. The aim of this paper is to analyses the relationship between the strategy change and the political stance of the company in the hydropower Río Grande II area of influence in Colombia. Social responsibility is assumed theoretically as a corporate sustainability initiative. An exploratory case study is adopted. Results suggest that the corporation seeks a more central position in the relationship with the State and the local community. The relationship with the State is oriented towards the collective construction of territory, and with the local community is desired to be more participatory. This new corporative stance leads to still unexplored processes where costs and benefits are shared with the State and the community. © 2014, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. All rights reserved.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether there is a significant correlation between energy subsidies in Mexico and some dimensions of sustainable development. In this sense are analyzed the CO2 emissions, subsidies per capita energy sector, the annual growth rate of GDP, electricity consumption per capita and the production of equivalent fossil fuel energy. This research has been between the 2004-2010 period in the recent history of that country. Finally the results are studied and also are established different recommendations related to energy policy and even are presented some possible future research lines in this entire topic. © 2018, Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economicas A.C. All rights reserved.

Science, technology, innovation and entrepreneurship are priority means to the economic development of Colombia that support and enhance local resources and capabilities. The aim of this work is to analyze the public policy and the governance of a future District of Science, Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship to illustrate the sustainability of this political-administrative figure as a necessary condition to enhance those means of development in the city of Medellín and the Aburrá valley. Qualitative methods are considered to integrate the most relevant results of two studies conducted by the authors. Results suggest that the District' sustainability could be based on voluntary agreements given the normative limitations. These agreements should be constructed between governmental, business and social actors that integrate economic, environmental and social interests, in order to improve both regional and city welfare.

The production of activated carbon from residual biomass generated in the production of oil palm, fiber (F) and shell (C) was studied. The chemical activation was done using ZnCl2 and the adsorption capacity of methylene blue (AM) at different concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mg/L) was evaluated. Results showed a good development of pore with surface areas of 835.3 m2/g for activated fiber (FA) and 575.1 m2/g for activated shell (CA). A good fit of the experimental data with the pseudo second order kinetic model and with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models was found. In addition, maximum adsorption capacities of 763.4 and 724.6 mg/g for FA and CA were found, respectively. © 2017, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. All rights reserved.

Strategic investment decisions in power markets are subject to high risk and uncertainty, therefore Real Options appear to be an appropriate tool to assess the decision-making processes in such markets. This paper presents a literature review, analyzing and classifying Real Options applications in power markets on investments and operation decisions; energy policy and programs. A synthetic application model is presented using binomial models to introduce wind power instead of coal fired plants according coal prices volatility. Finally it is concluded that Real Options improves the decision-making processes better than traditional methods, as it better captures the uncertainties of this kind of market. © 2013 Universidad ICESI. Published by Elsevier Espanã, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Este artículo propone estrategias para el mejoramiento de la competitividad del sector carbón en la región de Norte de Santander, Colombia. Para esto se revisa en la literatura conceptos de competitividad para el desarrollo empresarial y luego se aplica una encuesta y entrevista a empresarios del sector. Luego se genera un análisis de debilidades, oportunidades, fortalezas y amenazas (DOFA), que permite identificar las principales estrategias que requiere el sector carbón. Se concluye que las principales estrategias se refieren al mejoramiento de infraestructura y logística, actualización tecnológica de procesos productivos, y asociatividad entre el sector público y privado. ; This article proposes strategies to improve the competitiveness of the coal industry in the region of Norte de Santander, Colombia. Concepts about competitiveness for business development are reviewed in literature, and then a survey and an interview with managers is applied. Then a weaknesses, opportunities, strengths and threats (SWOT) analysis is proposed to identify the main strategies required by the coal industry. It is concluded that the main strategies are related with the improvement of infrastructure and logistics, technological upgrading of production processes, and partnerships between the public and private sector.