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Destanul Aulia The climate change in Indonesia has affected the fishing activity of fisheries in Indonesia, because the activity of fisheries is strongly influenced by climate change. The change in climate in Indonesia led to changes within the pattern of wind speed, current speed, precipitation, sea-surface temperature and wave height. This conditions will affect the income of the fishermen, who are among the poorest Indonesian. In addition to causing loss of income, climate change also threatens the health of this fishing community. In order to understand the community?s perception about climate change and its affect on the spread of tropical disease and the relationship of both, this survey study conducted. The data gathered through the interviewed based questionnaire. The samples are 71 residents of coastal communities subdistrict Tanjung Beringin, District Serdang Bedagai, who previously suffering from tropical diseases (tuberculosis, malaria, dengue and diarrhea). The results of the study shows that most coastal communities within the study area understand climate changes have occurred in their area. They also understand that climate change will cause the development of tropical diseases, they have suffered. The correlation analysis also shows that there is a significant relationship between perceptions about climate change and tropical diseases. Finally this study suggest that the study area urgently need a health promotion effort, so that people in coastal areas can implement the "clean and healthy living behavior", program to avoid the outbreak of a tropical disease in this area

Food Estate is a government program as a solution to meeting food demand. However, in order to meet food needs, environmental impacts must be considered. The study objective was to investigate the impacts of shallot production in Food Estate Hutajulu, Indonesia. The study was conducted with the first stage determining the functional unit, namely an area of 0.2 hectares with a gate-to-gate scope. The second is the inventory data analysis by grouping the categories of nursery, tillage, maintenance, harvesting, and transportation. The third is life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) according to the ISO 14044 standard. Every data obtained from each process was processed using the software OpenLCA 1.11.0; the following is the workflow and use of the software. Processes were made based on the five categories of data (soil processing, planting, maintenance, harvesting and transportation), which had been determined to be connected to flow. The product system was adjusted according to the data in each process and then calculated, and the results of calculation data and graph models appear from each processed data category. Fourth is the interpretation that considers the highest environmental impact, namely acidification in the transportation process of 1.8974 kg SO2 eq, global warming potential in the transportation process of 415.3188 kg CO2 eq, eutrophication in the transportation process of 0.4364 kg PO4 eq, and human toxicity in the maintenance process of 1,409.07377 kg 1,4-DB eq. To minimize the impact on subsequent production, reducing diesel fuel, chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers are recommended.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from peat are commonly measured using closed chambers, using a collar insertion depth of 5–20 cm. However, measured emission values at these depths are likely to be a mixture of root (autotrophic) and microbial (heterotrophic) respiration. Using a deeper collar insertion depth of 60 cm may minimise the influence of root respiration. We compared CO2 fluxes measured from six shallow (20 cm insertion depth) and six deep (60 cm insertion depth) collars. The collars were installed permanently in a mature (25-year old) oil palm plantation; 450 cm from the base of individual palm trees. Carbon dioxide fluxes were measured in the field bi-weekly from May to October 2017 using an Infrared CO2 Gas Analyser (IRGA). For each measurement date, CO2 fluxes from the shallow collars were consistently higher than from the deep collars. On a daily basis, the mean CO2 emission rate from the deep collars was 448 ± 25 mg m-2, 29 % lower than mean emissions recorded from the shallow collars (634 ± 30 mg m-2). The significant difference (p = <0.001) in emissions between the different insertion depths implies that even at a 450 cm distance from the tree (approximately mid-way between fully mature palms) root respiration influences CO2 fluxes. This suggests that in order to minimise overestimation of soil CO2 produced via microbial respiration, root trenching or the use of deep insertion collars is important. Emissions from the deep collars may better represent soil microbial respiration than shallow collars.