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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Part of book or chapter of book , Other literature type 2023Publisher:Zenodo Generally speaking, the term benthos refers to all aquatic organisms (marine or freshwater) living in close relationship with the bottom of seas and oceans, lakes and rivers. A distinction is made between the plant benthos or phytobenthos (algae and phanerogams), and the animal benthos or zoobenthos (annelids, molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, fish, etc.). Furthermore, the fauna situated on the surface (or epifauna), which may be fixed or free, is different from that which lives inside the sediment (endofauna). Finally, in this section we are interested only in marine macrobenthos (organisms larger than a few mm), from the tidal zone to the abyssal depths. The smaller forms (meiofauna-flora and microfauna-flora), which are practically not documented, are not taken into account in this chapter on the bottoms of the St-Paul and Amsterdam Islands. The area has been explored only sporadically during the passage of a few vessels on scientific expeditions focused on other interests. Only one of them, dedicated to the exploration of the zone from 0 to 3000 m of depth ("Jasus"), took place in 1985, on board the Marion-Dufresne. The purpose of this chapter is to make an assessment of the situation in 2022, in the context of a fishing zone within a marine protected area. {"references": ["F\u00e9ral (J.-P.) 2023. Les composantes biologiques : flore et faune marines subtropicales de l'h\u00e9misph\u00e8re sud \u2013 Le benthos, In: G. Duhamel (coord.) Les \u00eeles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam (Oc\u00e9an Indien sud) : environnement marin et p\u00eacheries. Mus\u00e9um national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, pp. 51-85 (Patrimoines naturels : 84), \u27e8hal-03575176\u27e9, doi : 10.5281/zenodo.7768288"]}
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visibility 18visibility views 18 download downloads 2 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2016 ColombiaPublisher:Assoc. Generale des Hygienistes et Techniciens Municipaux Authors: Blessent D.; Raymond J.; Dezayes C.;handle: 11407/4316
Because of an increasing demand in electricity and a necessity of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, several countries envisage the development of the renewable energies. The geothermal energy is a particularly interesting alternative because it allows a production of electricity which is not influenced by weather conditions and it requires relatively restricted surface areas compared, for example, to the area required by a hydroelectric power plant. The literature review presented here summarizes the main characteristics of the geothermal potential in Quebec, in sedimentary basins, and in Colombia, in the area of the Nevado del Ruiz volcanic complex. Currently, in these two regions, the hydro-electric power dominates the electricity production, but there is a similar interest to the development of geothermal power plants. The French sites of Soultz-sous-Forêts in Alsace and Boiling in Guadeloupe are respectively presented as an example of exploitation of geothermal improved systems (Enhanced Geothermal System; EGS) and geothermal resources in volcanic regions. The first site constitutes a model for the future development of the deep geothermal exploitation in Quebec, whereas the second is an example for Colombia. A description of environmental impacts related to the exploitation of deep geothermal resources is presented at the end of this paper. ; Because of an increasing demand in electricity and a necessity of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, several countries envisage the development of the renewable energies. The geothermal energy is a particularly interesting alternative because it allows a production of electricity which is not influenced by weather conditions and it requires relatively restricted surface areas compared, for example, to the area required by a hydroelectric power plant. The literature review presented here summarizes the main characteristics of the geothermal potential in Quebec, in sedimentary basins, and in Colombia, in the area of the Nevado del Ruiz volcanic complex. Currently, in these two regions, the hydro-electric power dominates the electricity production, but there is a similar interest to the development of geothermal power plants. The French sites of Soultz-sous-Forêts in Alsace and Boiling in Guadeloupe are respectively presented as an example of exploitation of geothermal improved systems (Enhanced Geothermal System; EGS) and geothermal resources in volcanic regions. The first site constitutes a model for the future development of the deep geothermal exploitation in Quebec, whereas the second is an example for Colombia. A description of environmental impacts related to the exploitation of deep geothermal resources is presented at the end of this paper.
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more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Thesis , Other literature type 2019Publisher:Zenodo Authors: Galley, Jason;Dans la continuité du projet de semestre 5 « Simulation et optimisation SIG du réseau CAD de Broc », il a été mis en évidence la nécessité d’optimiser la prise de mesures aux sous-stations ainsi qu’à la centrale de chauffe de Broc. Malheureusement, après avoir analysé les relevés de mesures aux sous-stations en conditions réelles, il s’est avéré que les valeurs ne peuvent pas être exploitées en vue de valider le Solver Eguzki. C’est pourquoi des mesures ont été prélevées directement sur les écrans des automates à une des sous-stations du réseau de chaleur à distance. Il faut savoir que les sous-stations composant le réseau CAD sont dépourvues d’instruments permettant de relever des mesures de pression. Il s’est avéré judicieux d’installer des sondes de pression à la sous-station précédemment citée en vue de valider les pertes de charge au niveau de l’échangeur et de la vanne 2 voies dépendant notamment du débit et du coefficient kvs. Après avoir valider le Solver Eguzki en effectuant diverses simulations se basant notamment sur les mesures susmentionnées, il a été possible de définir que l’algorithme pouvait atteindre une précision de ±12.8%. Ensuite, il a été question de chiffrer les gains économiques et énergétiques qui pouvaient être réalisés en exploitant le Solver Eguzki. En se basant sur des puissances horaires simulées et obtenues grâce au logiciel CitySim, diverses simulations ont été effectuées avec Eguzki. A l’aide de celles-ci, il a été possible de déterminer la nouvelle courbe MCR des pompes et de la comparer à celle actuellement exploitée à la centrale de chauffe de Broc. Les différents points de fonctionnement obtenus par simulation et l’équivalence pour le modèle de régulation actuel ont été insérés sur le site du fournisseur des pompes afin de déterminer la puissance électrique nette demandée par les pompes. Cette première optimisation a permis de définir que la courbe de régulation actuelle n’est pas adaptée et que les coûts électriques annuels peuvent être diminuer d’au moins 77.0% en utilisant la courbe MCR des pompes déterminée à l’aide du Solver Eguzki. Dans une deuxième phase, une optimisation dimensionnelle a été effectuée en se basant sur le jour type le plus critique déterminé sur la base des puissances horaires simulées avec CitySim. A partir de simulations effectuées avec Eguzki, les diamètres des conduites constituant le réseau CAD ont pu être modifiés en vue d’atteindre un équilibre optimisé entre les déperditions thermiques dans le sol et les pertes de charge que doivent remonter les pompes à la centrale de chauffe.
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visibility 58visibility views 58 download downloads 23 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Part of book or chapter of book 2016 FrancePublisher:Académie des Sciences, inscriptions et Belles-Lettres de Toulouse Authors: Quintard, Michel;La question du devenir de l’utilisation des ressources énergétiques fossiles se pose aujourd’hui dans un contexte marqué par, d’une part, la question du réchauffement climatique global, et, d’autre part, l’évolution de ces ressources elles-mêmes. L’utilisation des ressources fossiles de molécules hydrocarbonées (hydrocarbures conventionnels mais aussi les ressources non conventionnelles qui font l’objet de cette note) est un contributeur majeur à l’augmentation de la teneur en CO2 dans l’atmosphère, et, à ce titre, un contributeur majeur au réchauffement climatique global. Ce n’est pas un hasard si les divers scénarios étudiés par le IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – concernant l’évolution climatique globale en fonction des émissions de CO2 sont très dépendants des futures décisions des états à propos de l’utilisation des ressources fossiles comme les hydrocarbures. Cet enjeu est illustré Figure 1, issue de travaux du GIEC. Même les scénarios avec une réduction drastique des émissions, conduisant à une teneur en CO2 équivalent comprise entre 430 et 480 ppm, aboutissent à une augmentation de la température moyenne à l’horizon 2100 comprise entre 0.9 et 2.3 °C. Il est clair que la baisse des émissions de CO2 passe par la baisse de l’utilisation des ressources fossiles, ce mémoire doit être lu en gardant à l’esprit cet élément essentiel, il n’est donc certainement pas un plaidoyer pour l’utilisation accrue des ressources fossiles.
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more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2023 BelgiumPublisher:Nova Centre on Business, Human Rights and the Environment Blog Authors: Dua, Odile; Feld, Leonard LF;info:eu-repo/semantics/published
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Part of book or chapter of book , Other literature type 2023Publisher:Zenodo The St-Paul and Amsterdam (SPA) islands are surrounded by giant kelp of which the most abundant is Macrocystis pyrifera, a monospecific genus widely spread in both hemispheres. In SPA, the species is at the northern limit of its southern distribution. M. pyrifera is limited by the winter isotherm 3°C (lethality at 2°C) and the summer isotherm 18°C (lethality between 21 and 25°C). The average temperature of the sea water in SPA fluctuates between 12.5°C in winter and 19.5°C in summer. It is likely that the species may be threatened by the effects of climate change as observed in Tasmania. The problem would be related to the consequences of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), notably a decrease in precipitation and an increase in sea surface temperatures as well as mortality due to storms. {"references": ["F\u00e9ral (J.-P.) 2023. Les composantes biologiques : flore et faune marines subtropicales de l'h\u00e9misph\u00e8re sud \u2013 Les ceintures de Phaeophyceae. In: G. Duhamel (coord.) Les \u00eeles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam (Oc\u00e9an Indien sud) : environnement marin et p\u00eacheries. Mus\u00e9um national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, pp. 44-50 (Patrimoines naturels : 84) \u27e8hal-03575185\u27e9, doi : 10.5281/zenodo.7768595"]}
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visibility 14visibility views 14 download downloads 3 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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