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- 14. Life underwater
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Review 2017 BelgiumPublisher:Geo-Eco-Trop Authors: Gemenne, François; Blocher, Julia; De Longueville, Florence; Vigil diaz telenti, Sara; +3 AuthorsGemenne, François; Blocher, Julia; De Longueville, Florence; Vigil diaz telenti, Sara; Zickgraf, Caroline; Gharbaoui, Dalila; Ozer, Pierre;From the Sahel to the coastal zone, West Africa is experiencing a variety of environmental changes resulting from both slow processes and sudden shocks. These changes significantly influence migration patterns of populations within and outside of West Africa. In this region, where natural resources are the basis of livelihoods and food security, the relationship between environmental change and socio-economic vulnerability is of particular concern. Environmental degradation impacts the vulnerability of populations and their resiliency in complex ways. The presence of environmental and climatic stresses varies geographically. While desertification and drought are of primary importance for some areas, flooding, coastal erosion, and rising sea levels are the main dangers for others. Within the same population affected by the same climate threats, vulnerability and the likelihood of migration are influenced by socio-economic status, dependence on natural resources, and demographic characteristics. Given the differentiated vulnerabilities and resilience capacities, policies need to be adapted and implemented according to the particular needs of the populations. Policy-makers must also take account of vulnerability as perceived by the people concerned. Therefore, environmental mobility cannot be considered as strictly rational behavior based on real vulnerability. Local populations need to be informed of current and future environmental changes in order to accompany their mobility decisions. Migration can also be an important tool for resilience to socio-environmental change. Creating hosting infrastructure and putting in place mechanisms to protect migrants and displaced persons is a necessary step to mitigate future risks. Regional authorities need to work together to strengthen the resilience of communities of origin to climate shocks, but they must also facilitate migration as an adaptation strategy. De la zone aride au nord à la zone tropicale humide au sud, l’Afrique de l’Ouestconnaît une variété de changements environnementaux quiinfluencent les schémas de migration,tant interne que vers l’extérieur, de ses populations.Alors que la désertification et la sécheresse affectent particulièrement certaines zones, les inondations, l’érosion côtière et l’élévation du niveau de la mer sont les principaux dangers dans d’autres. Dans uncontexte où les ressources naturelles constituent la base des moyens de subsistance et de la sécurité alimentaire, la dégradation de l’environnement impacte de façon complexe la vulnérabilité des populations et ses capacités de résilience. Affectéspar les mêmes menaces climatiques, la vulnérabilité et la probabilité de migrer des individus/ménages sont influencées par leur dépendance aux ressources naturelles,leur statut socio-économique, et leurs caractéristiques démographiques. Compte tenu de ces différences, il est nécessaire que des politiques soient mises en œuvre pour répondre auxbesoins particuliers des populationslocales. Ces dernièresdoivent être informées des changements environnementaux actuels et futurs.La mobilité environnementale ne peut pas être considérée comme un comportement strictement rationnel basé sur la vulnérabilité réelle, les décideurs doivent également tenir compte de la vulnérabilité perçue par les personnes concernées. Créer des infrastructures d’accueil et mettre en place des mécanismes de protection des migrants et des personnesdéplacées est une étape nécessaire pour atténuer les risques futurs. Les autorités régionales doivent travailler ensemble pour renforcer la résilience des communautés d’origine aux chocs climatiques, mais ils doivent aussi faciliter la migration comme une stratégie d’adaptation.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Part of book or chapter of book , Other literature type 2023Publisher:Zenodo Generally speaking, the term benthos refers to all aquatic organisms (marine or freshwater) living in close relationship with the bottom of seas and oceans, lakes and rivers. A distinction is made between the plant benthos or phytobenthos (algae and phanerogams), and the animal benthos or zoobenthos (annelids, molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, fish, etc.). Furthermore, the fauna situated on the surface (or epifauna), which may be fixed or free, is different from that which lives inside the sediment (endofauna). Finally, in this section we are interested only in marine macrobenthos (organisms larger than a few mm), from the tidal zone to the abyssal depths. The smaller forms (meiofauna-flora and microfauna-flora), which are practically not documented, are not taken into account in this chapter on the bottoms of the St-Paul and Amsterdam Islands. The area has been explored only sporadically during the passage of a few vessels on scientific expeditions focused on other interests. Only one of them, dedicated to the exploration of the zone from 0 to 3000 m of depth ("Jasus"), took place in 1985, on board the Marion-Dufresne. The purpose of this chapter is to make an assessment of the situation in 2022, in the context of a fishing zone within a marine protected area. {"references": ["F\u00e9ral (J.-P.) 2023. Les composantes biologiques : flore et faune marines subtropicales de l'h\u00e9misph\u00e8re sud \u2013 Le benthos, In: G. Duhamel (coord.) Les \u00eeles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam (Oc\u00e9an Indien sud) : environnement marin et p\u00eacheries. Mus\u00e9um national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, pp. 51-85 (Patrimoines naturels : 84), \u27e8hal-03575176\u27e9, doi : 10.5281/zenodo.7768288"]}
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 7visibility views 7 download downloads 1 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5281/zenodo.7768287&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Part of book or chapter of book , Other literature type 2023Publisher:Zenodo The St-Paul and Amsterdam (SPA) islands are surrounded by giant kelp of which the most abundant is Macrocystis pyrifera, a monospecific genus widely spread in both hemispheres. In SPA, the species is at the northern limit of its southern distribution. M. pyrifera is limited by the winter isotherm 3°C (lethality at 2°C) and the summer isotherm 18°C (lethality between 21 and 25°C). The average temperature of the sea water in SPA fluctuates between 12.5°C in winter and 19.5°C in summer. It is likely that the species may be threatened by the effects of climate change as observed in Tasmania. The problem would be related to the consequences of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), notably a decrease in precipitation and an increase in sea surface temperatures as well as mortality due to storms. {"references": ["F\u00e9ral (J.-P.) 2023. Les composantes biologiques : flore et faune marines subtropicales de l'h\u00e9misph\u00e8re sud \u2013 Les ceintures de Phaeophyceae. In: G. Duhamel (coord.) Les \u00eeles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam (Oc\u00e9an Indien sud) : environnement marin et p\u00eacheries. Mus\u00e9um national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, pp. 44-50 (Patrimoines naturels : 84) \u27e8hal-03575185\u27e9, doi : 10.5281/zenodo.7768595"]}
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visibility 7visibility views 7 download downloads 2 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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