• Energy Research
• Open Access close
• Closed Access close
• Open Source close
• Embargo close
• 6. Clean water close
• 15. Life on land close
• 9. Industry and infrastructure close
• Indonesian close

Several baseline data of natural forest carbon stock is needed to support REDD+ (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Degradation+) implementation as a mitigation effort for climate change issue in Indonesia. According to IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Guidelines 2006, carbon stock calculation should be measurable, transparent, verifiable and consistent through time. At sub-national level, Java Island especially natural forest ecosystem is often overlooked by REDD+ scientists implying that the data and information on carbon stock of natural forest ecosystem in Java Island is still limited. The research has been conducted in sub montane primary forest in conservation area of Mount Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS) with the objective to estimate the 5 carbon pools at TNGHS. Twenty seven-plots of 20x20 meters were built in the field. Measurement of forest carbon pools was done for above ground, belowground (root), understorey and necromass at primary forest with high and low canopy density. The research showed that TNGHS has a quite high carbon stock potency as followings: aboveground 139.326 tonC/ha, belowground (root) 39.011 tonC/ha, understorey 1,971 tonC/ha and necromass 5.77 tonC/ha. Average of biomass and stand carbon stock in primary forest of TNGHS were 364.503 ton/ha dan 185.177 tonC/ha, respectively. This study recommends to use allometric equation developed by Chave et al. (2005) to estimate forest stand biomass potency at TNGHS.

120405095 Penelitian tentang pembuatan biogas dari sampah organik dan kotoran sapi terhadap pengaruh penambahan trace metal (nikel, cobalt) telah selesai dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan trace metal (nikel, cobalt) terhadap kinerja digester anaerobik dalam perolehan biogas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mencampurkan sampah organik dan kotoran sapi yang diblender menggunakan air dengan perbandingan 1:1:2 (w:w:v) dan dioperasikan di dalam digester berukuran 5L dengan volume isian sebesar 4L secara batch selama 30 hari dengan kondisi pH dijaga konstan 6,5-7,5 pada suhu ruangan 25-30 oC. Variasi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penambahan nikel sebanyak 0,245 mg/L, penambahan cobalt sebanyak 0,245 mg/L dan kombinasi nikel dan cobalt masing-masing 0,25 mg/L. Adapun parameter yang diamati setiap hari yaitu volume biogas dan suhu, parameter yang dianalisa sekali dalam dua hari yaitu chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solid, volatile suspended solid dan pH. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh volume biogas terbesar dengan penambahan cobalt sebesar 85 ml/hari, % reduksi COD sebesar 46,48% , % reduksi TSS sebesar 88,78% dan VSS sebesar 16.540 mg/L. The research on biogas production from organic waste and manure to the effect of trace metal (nickel, cobalt) has been done. The objective of this study was to discover the effect of trace metals nickel, cobalt on the performance of biogas anaerobic digester in the acquisition of the raw material organic waste and cow dung. Organic waste and cow dung were blended using water at a ratio of 1:1:2 (w:w:v) and operated in the digester sized 5L with stuffing volume of 4L as batch for 30 days with conditions held constant of pH 6.5-7, 5. This research was conducted with a variety of trace addition of nickel metal as much as 0.245 mg/L, the addition of trace metal cobalt as much as 0.245 mg/L and the combination of nickel and cobalt respectively 0.25 mg/L. As for some of the parameters was observed every day, such as biogas volume and temperature, the parameters are analyzed every 2 days of fermentation such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS) and pH. In the study conducted acquired the largest biogas volumes per day with the addition of trace metal cobalt amount of 85 ml, percentage of COD removal by 46,48%, TSS remove percentage obtained was 88,78% and volatile suspended solid as much as 16.540 mg/L.

Silk worms is one kind of natural food like fish larvae because they contain good nutrients for the growth of fish larvae. This study aims to determine the appropriate amount of fertilizer and the implementation of systems of recirculation to the growth of silk worms. The research was conducted on July 29 to September 18, 2016 placed in a field laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine University of Riau. The media used is in the form of sludge reservoirs, dedek smooth, tofu, chicken manure and EM4. While the materials used are silk worms obtained from collectors. Experimental method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 levels of the factor treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments used: P0: without the use of chicken manure, P1: 500 g of chicken manure / 0.098 m2, P2: 600 g of chicken manure / 0.098 m2, and P3: 700 g of chicken manure / 0.098 m2. The data observed is the growth of biomass weight, average length, and water quality. The results of this study with the treatment of chicken manure fertilizer of different very significant effect (P 0.05). The average length of the highest in treatment P2 (1.83 cm). Water quality measured during the study was the temperature (25-29˚C), pH (6-7), dissolved oxygen (6,0-6,5 ppm), and CO2-free (2,0-3,5 ppm). From this study it can be concluded that giving different chicken manure can affect the growth of silk worms

The research is conducted to know the organic carbon reserve and how much the fixation of CO2 by stand found in the forest of Tri Dharma University of North Sumatera. The observed parameter include the quantity of individual, stem diameter at breast height, the tree height and the type of stand. The estimation of carbon reserve on the surface firstly calculated thorough the quantity of biomass of stand. The biomass of the stand uses allometric equation. The forest of Tri Dharma University of North Sumatera covers the width 1,14 ha consist of Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni), Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), Teak (Tectona grandis), Pulai (Alstonia scholaris) can save carbon 225,45 tons of Carbon or can fixate CO2 as much as 827,38 tons of CO2 until to date 051202023

The objectives of this research are (1) to analyze the changing patterns of soil quality, water quality and Methane (CH4) due to cropping index improvement, (2) to analyze productivity and economic due to the increasing of rice cultivation intensity at technical irrigated rice field, (3) to arrange the optimum model of intensive rice cultivation at technical irrigated rice field by Integrated Crop Management (ICM) approach with low methane emission sustainably, and (4) to analyze sustainable index of optimum model of intensive rice cultivation with cropping index improvement at technical irrigated rice field and (5) to arrange the policy strategy in the implementation of optimum model of intensive rice cultivation at technical irrigated rice field by Integrated Crop Management (ICM) with low methane emission sustainably. This research used split plot design. The treatment of irrigation systems as the main split plot factor is intermittent irrigation and continuous system (flooded) and fertilization as sub plot factor which is fertilization treatment are applied, based on the Recommendation of the Minister of Agriculture No. 40/2007 and based on laboratory analysis recommendation with 8 levels of fertilization treatment with 3 replications. Data analysis for soil quality, water, methane emissions, production and rice productivity are done by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and for the analysis of production, productivity and the methane emission are continued into Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test. Further sustainability analysis of the RAPFISH modification is called Rapfarm (Rapid Appraisal for Farming) by using the multidimensional scaling (MDS) method, to arrange the scenario is used dynamic model systems approach. The result of study showed that intensive rice cultivation by increasing of planting intensity did not reduce soil and water quality and methane emission can be pushed until 66,05%. Cultivation of intensive rice by increasing of planting season up to four planting seasons in a year by ICM approach can increase rice production and productivity up to 30% and also increase farmer’s income significantly. Optimum Model of intensive rice cultivation is by planting rice for four times a year with the planting pattern of rice-rice-rice-rice by using ICM system especially by using intermittent irrigation system and fertilization appropriate for plant nutrients (recommendation from result of laboratory analysis with the dosage 100% plus probiotic). The value of methane with optimum model application can be reduced significantly from 218.826.889,43 kg CH4 to 397.181,03 kg CH4 in 2030. The value of sustainable index of optimum model of intensive rice cultivation has range between 42,84-66,54 (included in the category of sufficiency) and the result of statistical test showed that RAP-INLASIT-IP 400 method is good enough to be used as one of the devices to evaluate the sustainability implementation optimum model of intensive rice cultivation on technical irrigated rice field. 098106004

Currently Indonesia is still heavily dependent on fossil fuels as an energy source. To reduce dependence on oil and meet global enviromental requirements, one way is with the development of enviromentally friendly fuel that is and alternative energy derived from plant oil called biodiesel. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments, S1 (Reaction transesterification 1 hour), S2 (transesterification 2 hours), S3 (transesterification 3 hours), S4 (transesterification 4 hours), and S5 (transesterification 5 hours) with three replications. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, continued by DNMRT at 5 % level. The results showed that the transesterification reaction time significantly (P0.05) on influenced the acid number, total glycerol, flash point, saponfication. The analysis has been carried obtained the best treatment is S5 with the results said saponfication (103.52 mg KOH/g), the acid value (1.29 mg KOH/g), total glycerol (0.19 %), viscosity (2.21 cSt), water content (0.02 %), flash point (115°C ), and the level of methyl ester (99.32 %).

Production of biodiesel comes from trans-esterification reaction of fatty acid which produces methyl ester. Vegetables, animals and microalgae can be used for fatty acid sources by their oil, but microalgae have a more beneficial prospect compared to vegetables and animals. Microalgae have fast grow-rate, high oil productivity, low production cost and not having a competition with food industries. Among microalgae, Botryococcus braunii is the one with high oil quantity inside their cells (25 – 75 %). The wastewater of tofu industries is liquid residual from soybean processing becomes tofu which having a nuisance for the environment. This wastewater, usually called whey, is still containing organic materials such as water (99,34 %), protein (1,73 %), fat (0,63 %), nitrogen content (0,05%) and ash (0,11 %) and COD. Organic materials have effect to stimulate microalgae's growing. Objectives of this experiment are the influence of tofu whey addition at different concentrations toward biomass and lipid produced. This experiment provided the result which optimal cultivation of Botryococcus braunii reaches when using 10% concentration tofu whey with optimal optical density (OD) at day 9 (0,802), 2,4101 gram/litre of gained biomass and 0,8716 gram/litre of lipid production.,better than cultivation of Botryoccus braunii using syntetic nutrient. Maximum COD reduction was gained at 15% tofu whey addition with 88,51% efficiency. COD reduction at optimal tofu whey addition (10%) is 83,33%.

Hyacinth (Eichhorhia crassipes) is a weed on waters which is a big problem for damage the environment but it contains materials that can be fermented and produce biogas, there are hemicellulose and cellulose. This research head for produce biogas from hyacinth by anaerob fermentation process with microorganizm on batch system and determine optimum ratio of hyacinth and water along with the effect to the stability of system. There were stages on this research, including seeding, acclimatization, and anaerob batch fermentation. Seeding was doing in ten days with ratio hyacinth and water was 75%:25%, then continued to acclimatization in 48 days. The anaerob batch fermentation was doing with variation of ratio hyacinth and water 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 in anaerob batch bioreactor during 32 days. Analysis of pH, biogas volume, volatile acid, and alkalinity was analized every two days during anaerob batch fermentation. The result of this research showed that in 48 days acclimatization process was produced biogas about 75.840 mL. In the fermentation process was resulted biogas about 23.300 mL with methane contents was 11.924,56 ppm or 1,19%; pH optimum 6,8-7,2; volatile acid concentration 145,8 mg/L; alkalinity concentration 1684,13 mg/L, and ratio of AV/alkalinity 0,087 on the rasio of hyacinth and water at 1:2. In conclusion, the stability of system will decrease along with increasing amount of water in the substrat of anaerob batch fermentation.

Anaerobic treatment of synthetic wastewater with a high NaCl content was investigated for its effect on the process. The synthetic wastewater, including NaCl up to 40 g/l, was treated anaerobically by draw-and-fill method at a treatment temperature of 37℃ and volumetric loading of rate TOC of 1 g/l/d. TOC removal efficiency and rate of gas evolution rate gradually decreased as salt content increased, although stable operation was maintained. TOC removal efficiency remained high at concentration of NaCl up to 20 g/l, although it fell to 82 % at 30 g NaCl/l. The gas yield at 10, 20 and 30 g NaCl/l were 1.35; 1.10 and 1.00 l/g-TOC loaded, which corresponded to 96; 83 and 78% of that without NaCl, respectively. The content of methane in the evolved gas was 50 to 55% throughout the experiment. Stable operation could not be maintained at 40 g NaCl/l since the TOC removal efficiency gradually decreased with the rapid increased in levels of volatile fatty acids

Biogas is a compound formed from the decomposition of organic substances in anaerobic condition, the main constituent of biogas is methane and carbon dioxide, biogas can be used as fuel or otto cycle engine with diesel. In this study, the use of biogas from the landfill Cahaya Kencana then to gasoline motor generator sets using this type with a capacity 1kVA four steps that have been previously modified in order to be able to use biogas, but no purification process before being used as fuel. This study aims to determine the purification process biogas to be used as fuel biogas, conversion techniques on gasoline motor generator set in order to use biogas, gain settings on the carburetor and faucet pipes that optimum flow generator sets can be well lit, and the last to know Performance generator sets that have been modified to use biogas.The study was conducted by first making biogas purification devices and modifications to the intake manifold insulator and then test generator sets generator sets that have been modified, test levels and the CO2 content without purification, and the final Performance test generator with power loading.Purification levels of carbon dioxide in the biogas use in the activation CaCO3, then modifications made to the generator set that perforate the insulator and then embed napple ¼ inch and spliced using hoses and given tap ¼ inch, biogas purification flowed through the device then accommodated using plastic bags before being drained towards the generator set. The results of research that the levels of carbon dioxide in the biogas without purification ie 21614 ppm, and biogas through a purification process that is 9103 ppm. While opening the tap biogas for ½ the power load of zero to a light load (350W), while the full biogas faucet openings at medium load (650W) to full load (~ 80% of the capacity of the generator).