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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Research 2008Publisher:Helsinki: The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA) Authors: Rantala, Olavi;This paper describes the main features of a model developed for fore-casting economic developments, energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions in the EU area and Finland as well as for simulating the economic impacts of EU climate policy. Climate policy analysis necessitates a model of the whole EU area, because CO2 emissions of the EU area emission trading sector determine the demand and price of emission allowances. The main conclusion from model simulations is that output and employment losses induced by EU climate policy in 2008-2012 will be more se-vere in a small open energy intensive economy like Finland than in the rest of the EU area. The negative impacts of EU climate policy on export competitiveness, exports and output volume in Finland will be strongest in the energy intensive industrial sec-tors which belong to the EU emission trading sector.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2010 FinlandAuthors: Rantula, Heikki;Tämän diplomityön tarkoituksena on esitellä energiatehokkuutta koskevien lakien ja määräysten nykytilannetta ja selvittää niiden vaikutusta esimerkkikohteena olevan Lappeenrannan teknillisen yliopiston rakennusten energiatehokkuuteen sekä esittää keinoja, kuinka energiatehokkuutta voidaan parantaa. Energiatehokkuuden parantamiskeinojen löytämiseksi on selvitetty Lappeenrannan teknillisen yliopiston energiankäytön nykytilaa. Energiatehokkuuden parantamiseksi tehtävät toimenpiteet on jaettu potentiaalisiin ja lisäselvitystä vaativiin toimenpiteisiin seuraavalle viidelle vuodelle. Työssä esitellään esimerkkitarkasteluja mahdollisista toimenpiteistä ja arvioidaan investointeja vaativien toimenpiteiden kustannuksia, saavutettavia säästöjä ja investointien takaisinmaksuaikaa. Toimenpiteet on rajattu sellaisiin, jotka voidaan toteuttaa seuraavan viiden vuoden aikana This Masters’ thesis concentrates on improving energy efficiency in Lappeenranta University of Technology. The main focus is on finding useful ways to reduce energy consumption in LUT. The theory chapter deals new energy efficiency laws, norms and settings in Finland. There’s also statistics of energy consumption in office and university buildings. How the government regulations and new building codes for energy efficiency will affect energy consumption in LUT have also been analyzed. This thesis concentrates on current state of energy consumption in Lappeenranta University of Technology. The main focus on this research is to solve how to improve energy efficiency in LUT. The research case covers heating and electricity consumption and presents many different ways to improve energy efficiency in LUT. These ways are divided into two groups: the possible ways to improve energy efficiency now and ways that look promising but need more research. There are a couple of examples how much energy it is possible to save with and without investments during the next five years. Investments and their costs are analyzed using the payback time method.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2014 FinlandPublisher:Lappeenrannan teknillinen yliopisto / Lappeenranta University of Technology Authors: Vinokurov, Mihail; Hammo, Simo; Hupponen, Mari; Luoranen, Mika;Hanke tähtää Lappeenrannan julkisen rakennuskannan energiatehokkuuden ja kokonaistaloudellisuuden parantamiseen. Energiatehokkuutta ja kokonaistaloudellisuutta kunnallisessa rakentamisessa kannustavat mm. kansainvälisten ja kansallisten sopimusten energiansäästötavoitteet, sekä kuntien tiukka budjettitilanne. Hankkeen yhteydessä on laadittu arviointikriteeristö rakennusinvestoinneista vastaavien viranomaisten käyttöön, mikä helpottaa tunnistamaan energiatehokkaita, kokonaistaloudellisia sekä laadukasta sisäilmastoa tukevia rakennusinvestointien toteutuskäytäntöjä. Kriteeristö on suunniteltu erityisesti kasvatus- ja opetustarkoituksiin suunnattuja rakennuksia varten. Jotta kokonaistaloudellisuustavoitteet täyttyisivät, työssä käytettiin hyväksi elinkaariajattelutapaa. Kriteerit laadittiin rakennuksen kolmelle tavoitteiden toteutumisen kannalta merkittävälle elinkaaren vaiheelle, eli suunnittelu-, toteutus- ja käyttövaiheelle. Kriteeristö on laadittu kirjallisuuden ja ammattilaisten haastattelujen tarjoaman tiedon pohjalta. Laadittua kriteeristöä koekäytettiin Myllymäen päiväkoti -hankkeen yhteydessä, jotta voitaisiin tunnistaa kriteeristön kehitystarpeita. Koekäytön yhteydessä toteutettiin myös mielipidekysely, jonka avulla kerättiin kriteeristön kehitysehdotuksia rakennushankkeen eri osapuolilta. Koekäytön tarjoaman tiedon nojalla kriteeristöä jatkokehitettiin vastaamaan paremmin käytännön tarpeita. Koekäyttö kohdistui kohteen suunnitteluvaiheeseen. Hankkeessa saavutettiin asetetut tavoitteet. Voidaan kuitenkin todeta, että kriteeristön jatkokehittämistä on syytä jatkaa. Koekäytön ulottaminen toteutus ja käyttövaiheeseen on tärkeää. Kriteeristön käsittelyalueen laajentamiselle korjausrakentamiseen sekä alueellisen tarkastelutavan käyttöönotolle olisi myös tarvetta. The aim of this project is the creation of a tool to improve the energy efficiency, overall economy and indoor climate quality in the public building stock of Lappeenranta. The motivation to improve the energy and cost efficiency in public buildings related to inter alia the energy saving targets set by international and national agreements and the economic challenges of municipalities. In the frames of this project, a set of evaluation criteria was created to help the officials responsible for building investments to identify methods for the implementation of new construction projects that promote energy and cost efficiency as well as indoor climate quality. The primary targets of the criteria are educational buildings. Life-cycle approach was used in this work in terms to ensure overall economy targets. The criteria were created for three phases of buildings’ life-cycle that were identified to be important from the perspective of the set targets. These phases were the design phase, construction phase and operational phase. The creation of criteria was based on the information gained from literature, interviews of professionals and the trial phase of criteria. In terms to identify the functionality of criteria, they were exposed for trial at the building project of Myllymäki kindergarten in Lappeenranta. The trial focused on the design phase of the object. In addition, the survey was conducted in terms to receive feedback and development proposals on the criteria from different parties of the building project. By using the new experience gained from the trial phase, the criteria were further developed. The targets set for this projects were met. However, it should be mentioned that there is a need to continue the further development of the criteria in the future. In addition to the design phase, it is important to extend the trial to the construction and operational phases. The extension of the scope of criteria to renovation projects and the implementation of a regional approach would also be important development steps. Loppuraportti
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2005 FinlandAuthors: Kupari, Jussi;Diplomityön tavoitteena on tuottaa informaatiota kunnalliseen päätöksentekoon, jonka avulla kestävän kehityksen näkökulmia voidaan huomioida kunnan energiaratkaisusta päätettäessä. Yhtenä työn lähtökohtana on ollut myös uusi EU-direktiivi, jonka mukaan ympäristönäkökohtia voidaan huomioida julkisten hankintojen tarjouspyyntömenettelyssä valintaperusteena. Tarkastelun kohteena oli kokoluokaltaan 0,5–3 MW:n aluelämpölaitokset sekä polttoaineiden tuotantoketjut. Työssä vertailtavat polttoaineet olivat metsähake, raskas polttoöljy, kevyt polttoöljy ja turve. Diplomityössä on perehdytty kestävän kehityksen käsitteeseen ja muodostettu sen mukaan ekologiselle, sosiaaliselle ja taloudelliselle näkökulmalle kunnallisen energiaratkaisun indikaattoreita. Empiirisessä osassa käsitellään kestävän kehityksen näkökulmien muodostumista Enon energiaosuuskunnan toimintaan perustuen. Käytettävät kestävän kehityksen näkökulmien mukaiset indikaattorit ovat polttoaineen tuotannosta ja käytöstä aiheutuvat kasvihuonekaasupäästöt, polttoaineen tuotannon työllisyysvaikutukset sekä energian hinnan muodostuminen osuuskunnan asiakkaille. Tässä diplomityössä tarkastelluilla kestävän kehityksen indikaattoreilla mitattuna, metsähakkeen käytöllä energiantuotannossa on positiivinen vaikutus niin kunnan kasvihuonekaasutaseessa, työllisyystilanteessa sekä myös enemmän kuluttajaystävällinen asema, lämmön hinnan vakauden ansiosta, kuin muilla työssä käsiteltävillä polttoaineilla. Polttoaineen tuotantoketjun osalta metsähakkeelle saatiin tuotannon ja käytön aiheuttamaksi kasvihuonekaasupäästöksi 2,9–4,2 g CO2-ekv/MJ. Tulos perustuu Enon energiaosuuskunnan polttoaineen hankinnassa käytössä oleviin keskimääräisiin etäisyyksiin metsäkuljetuksessa (250 m) ja kaukokuljetuksessa (15 km). Tuotannon ja käytön aiheuttamat kasvihuonekaasupäästöt olivat raskaalla polttoöljyllä 88,2 g CO2-ekv/MJ, kevyellä polttoöljyllä 85,0 g CO2-ekv/MJ ja turpeella 104,0–108,1 g CO2-ekv/MJ. Metsähakkeen osalta polttoaineen tuotannon osuus koko tarkastellun energiaketjun kasvihuonekaasupäästöistä oli noin 43–57 %. Enon energiaosuuskunnan tapauksessa vuoden 2005 odotetulla toiminta-asteella metsähakkeella tuotetun lämmön tuotantoketjun kasvihuonekaasupäästöt ovat noin 160 t CO2-ekv. Kevyellä polttoöljyllä tuotetun lämmön tuotantoketjun kasvihuonekaasupäästöt olisivat noin 3700 t CO2-ekv sekä turpeen (50 %) ja metsähakkeen (50 %) seoskäyttöön perustuvalla ketjulla noin 2300–2400 t CO2-ekv. Samaisella toiminta-asteella työllisyysvaikutukset ovat käytettäessä metsähaketta 2,2–8,6 htv, raakaöljyä 0,12 htv ja turvetta 1,4–1,6 htv. Metsähakkeen käyttö aluelämpölaitosten pääpolttoaineena takaa myös vakaan hintakehityksen osuuskunnan asiakkaille. The aim of this study is to produce information on possibilities to consider the sustainable development perspectives in the municipal energy decision-making. One aspect is also the new EU-directive that allows the use of environmental aspects as selection criteria in supply request procedure of public supplies. The study focuses on small-scale district heating systems (between 0.5 and 3 MW) including their fuel-supply chains. The comparable fuels of the study were forest chips, heavy fuel oil, light fuel oil and peat. The first part of the study discusses the concept of the sustainable development and establishes the indicators for ecological-, social- and economical aspects of the municipal energy production. The indicators used in empirical part of the study, which based on the Eno energy cooperative, were the equivalent CO2-emissions from the production and the combustion of the fuel, the employment impacts of the fuel production and the energy price formation for the consumers. The indicators show that using forest chips in energy production has a positive effect of reduced greenhouse gases. The use of wood in energy production also provides employment opportunities and is more favourable option to consumers, because of the steady fuel price, when compared to the other alternative fuels considered in this study. The equivalent CO2 emission from the production and use of the forest chips in Eno energy cooperative heating plants is approximately 2.9–4.2 g CO2-ekv/MJ when the average transportation distance in forest is 250 meters and on the road 15 kilometres. Equivalent CO2 emissions of the comparable fuel chains are 88.2 g CO2-ekv/MJ with heavy fuel oil, 85.0 g CO2-ekv/MJ with light fuel oil and 104.0–108.1 g CO2-ekv/MJ with peat. The share of the greenhouse gas emissions of the forest chips production is about 43–57 % of the total greenhouse gas emissions caused by the production and the combustion of the forest chips. The estimated use of the forest chips in the Eno energy cooperative heating plants for the year 2005 is about 12 000 MWh. Equivalent CO2 emissions caused by the production and the use of the forest chips with the estimated consumption rate is 160 t CO2-ekv. If the heat is produced with comparable fuels, the amount of the greenhouse gas emissions would be 3700 t CO2-ekv with the light fuel oil and 2300–2400 t CO2-ekv with the mixture of peat (50 %) and forest chips (50 %). The employment effects of using the forest chips with the estimated consumption rate are between 2.2 and 8.6 man-years. If the same amount of energy is produced with comparable fuels, the effect would be 0.12 man-years with the heavy and light fuel oil, and 1.4–1.6 man-years with the peat. The use of forest chips as a fuel in energy production offers also very steady energy price for the consumers.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2014 FinlandAuthors: Europaeus, Veera;Suomessa on sitouduttu kansainvälisiin päästövähennystavoitteisiin ja uusiutuvan ener-gian osuuden kasvattamiseen. Biohiili on erinomainen polttoainevaihtoehto kivihiili-voimalaitoksissa, sillä sitä voidaan käyttää suurellakin seososuudella ilman merkittäviä rakenteellisia muutoksia polttoaineen syöttölaitteistoihin tai kattilaan. Biohiiltä voidaan käyttää myös metallurgiassa pelkistimenä, maanparannusaineena ja hiilinieluna. Biohiilen raaka-aineena toimii energia- ja kuitupuuhake. Parikkalan lähialueella on hyödyn-nettävissä olevaa teknis-taloudellista metsäenergiapotentiaalia keskisuuren biojalostamon perustamista varten. Biohiilen teoreettinen markkinapotentiaali on valtava, mutta sen taloudelliset kannattavuusnäkymät ovat heikot nykyhintatasolla. Biohiilen kilpailukykyä heikentävät kivihiilen ja päästöoikeuksien alhaiset hinnat ja biohiilen korkeat tuotantokustannukset. Biohiilimarkkinoiden kehittymistä jarruttaa myös olemassa olevan tuotannon puute. Biohiilen käyttöönotto edellyttäisi kansainvälisiä tukitoimia tai kivihiilen hinnan kasvua. Finland is committed to the international emission reduction targets and to increase the share of renewable energy. Biochar is an excellent alternative fuel for coal-fired power plants because it can be used even with a large share of the mixture without major struc-tural changes in the fuel supply installations or boiler. Biochar can also be used as a reducing agent in metallurgy, in a soil improvement and as a carbon sink. A raw material of the biochar is energy- and pulpwood chips. In the surrounding area of Parikkala there exists utilizable technical and economic potential of forest energy to establish a medium size biorefinery. Theoretical market potential of biochar is huge but its financial profitability prospects are weak at current prices. Low prices of coal and carbon emissions and high production costs reduce the competitiveness of biochar. The devel-opment of biochar markets are also obstructed because of the lack of existing biochar production. Biochar would require international measure of support or coal price growth.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2023 FinlandAuthors: Jortikka, Janne;This Master’s thesis examines the improvement of the energy efficiency of the aeration process of the wastewater treatment plant when acquiring a new compressor alongside the current compressors. The work was carried out as part of the ENTER project, which is supported by the Finnish Ministry of the Environment. The aim of said project was to analyze the utilization of new technology in the energy efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant's aeration compressors and in the enhancement of energy recovery. The aeration process is the most energy-intensive process of wastewater treatment, where, depending on the plant, up to 50 to 70 percent of the aggregate electrical energy required by the plant is consumed. Thus, by improving the energy efficiency of the aeration process, the energy efficiency of the plant is also significantly affected. In this thesis, a market survey of suitable compressors was carried out, a new compressor was dimensioned, parameters were defined for the tender request, and compressors were compared using 15-year life cycle costs. Finally, the compressor that performed best in the comparison was compared to the plant’s current compressors. As a result, it was concluded that the energy efficiency of the aeration process can be improved by acquiring a new compressor. It was also found that the new compressor could facilitate the control of the compressors, as the new compressor alone would be able to produce most of the required air. Additional observations were made regarding other ways to improve energy efficiency. Tässä diplomityössä tutkitaan jätevedenpuhdistamon ilmastusprosessin energiatehokkuuden parantamista määrittelemällä uusi kompressori vanhojen kompressorien rinnalle. Työ toteutettiin osana Turun seudun puhdistamo Oy:n Ympäristöministeriön tukemaa ENTER-hanketta, jossa tutkittiin uuden teknologian hyödyntämistä jätevedenpuhdistamon ilmastuskompressorien energiatehokkuudessa sekä energian talteenoton tehostamisessa. Ilmastusprosessi on jätevedenpuhdistuksen energiaintensiivisin prosessi, jossa laitoskohtaisesti kuluu 50–70 prosenttia koko laitoksen kuluttamasta sähköenergiasta. Siksi ilmastusprosessin energiatehokkuuden parantamisella vaikutetaan merkittävästi myös koko laitoksen energiatehokkuuteen. Työssä tehtiin markkinakartoitus soveltuvista kompressoreista, mitoitettiin uusi kompressori, määriteltiin lähtöarvot tarjouspyynnölle sekä vertailtiin kompressoreja 15 vuoden elinkaarikustannusten avulla. Lisäksi työssä parhaiten vertailussa pärjänneen kompressorin energiatehokkuutta vertailtiin laitoksen vanhoihin kompressoreihin. Työn tuloksena todettiin, että ilmastusprosessin energiatehokkuutta pystytään parantamaan uuden kompressorin hankinnalla. Yhtenä havaintona tuloksia arvioitaessa havaittiin lisäksi, että uudella kompressorilla voitaisiin helpottaa kompressorien ohjaamista, sillä uusi kompressori pystyisi yksinään tuottamaan suurimman osan tarvittavasta ilmasta. Lisäksi loppupäätelmissä tehtiin havaintoja sen osalta, millä muulla tavoin energiatehokkuutta voitaisiin parantaa.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2014 FinlandAuthors: Zhang, Wen Wen;Kantaverkkoyhtiö Fingrid Oy on tarkastellut kantaverkosta otettua tai tuotettua loistehoa alueittain Fingridin määrittelemällä maantieteellisellä tavalla. Alue koostuu liittymispisteistä, jotka ovat yksittäisten verkkoyhtiöiden liittymispisteitä. Yhden alueen sisällä voi siis olla monia eri verkkoyhtiöiden liittymispisteitä. Vuodesta 2016 alkaen loistehon tarkastelu vaihtuu aluetarkastelusta liittymispistetarkasteluun. Liittymispistetarkasteluun siirtymisen myötä tulee verkkoyhtiöiden investoida erinäisiin kompensointiratkaisuihin, jotta yksittäisten liittymispisteiden loistehot pysyvät Fingridin asettaman loistehon tarkasteluikkunan sisällä. Työssä perehdytään erinäisiin kompensointiratkaisuihin ja niiden kytkentöihin sekä kytkentöjen vaikutuksiin olemassa olevaan sähköverkkoon. Lisäksi työssä käsitellään tuulivoimaloiden hyödyntämistä loistehon säädössä. Esimerkkitapauksessa tarkastellaan erästä Caruna Oy:n verkkoa ja pohditaan teknistä ja mahdollisimman taloudellista kompensointiratkaisua kyseiseen verkkoon. Työn lopputulos on, että maakaapeloinnin määrän kasvaessa loistehon kompensoinnin tarve kasvaa. Näin ollen Fingrid Oy:ltä tarvitaan selkeitä linjauksia moneen ongelmakohtaan, kuten tuotanto-kulutuspisteen loistehon tarkasteluun. Lisäksi Energiavirastolta tarvitaan kannusteita loistehon kompensointiin, sillä verkkoyhtiöiden liiketoiminta perustuu regulaatiomalliin ja kompensointilaitteiston yksikköhinnasto on hyvin suppea. Currently Finnish TSO Fingrid has monitored flow of the reactive power regionally. Each region consists of many separate connection points, where local distribution system operators are connect to the Finnish main grid. From year 2016 Fingrid will monitor flow of the reactive power by connection point. Therefore local distribution system operators will have to control and compensate its reactive power to maintain it between the reactive power window, that is set to each connection point. In this thesis different reactive power control solutions, their connections and effects on the network are examined. One possibility to control the reactive power is using wind power. Therefore it is been further researched how that is possible. In this thesis one network of a local distribution system operator Caruna Oy is been used as an example and it is discussed what are the best control and compensation solutions for this particular network. The result of this thesis is that the increasing number of underground cabling grows the need for compensation and control of the reactive power. Thus, Fingrid needs clear guidelines for many challenges, such as monitoring the reactive power in production-consumption points. In addition, the Finnish energy authority also needs to set incentives for reactive power compensation, as the business operations of the distribution system operators are based on regulation and the pricelist of compensation equipment is very shallow.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2002 FinlandAuthors: Ronkainen, Sami;Tämän työn tarkoituksena on tarkastella tulevaisuuden kehitysnäkymien vaikutusta Vaasan kaukolämpötoimintaan. Komartekin Flowra 32 verkostolaskentaohjelman avulla tutkitaan kaukolämpöverkon siirtokykyä nykyisissä ja tulevaisuuden kuormitustilanteissa. Työn yhteydessä laaditaan kaukolämmityksen kasvuennuste seuraavalle kymmenelle vuodelle ja selvitetään mitoituslämpötilaa -29°C vastaava teho tilastollisen analyysin avulla. Lisäksi tutkitaan mahdollisia ratkaisuja huippu- ja varatehon tuottamiseksi. Tarkastelun kohteena on myös lämmön lyhytaikaisvarastoinnin kannattavuus energianhankintajärjestelmässä. Kaukolämpöverkon siirtokyky on tarkastelun perusteella kohtalaisen hyvä, mutta liittymistehojen kasvaessa paine-erot verkon häntäpäässä jäävät liian alhaisiksi. Paras ratkaisu paine-ero ongelmaan on rakentaa välipumppaamo Hovioikeudenpuistoon. Tarkastelun perusteella kaukolämmön varatehon lisätarve on kymmenen vuoden kuluttua noin 40 MW ja varatehoksi on kannattavinta rakentaa raskasta polttoöljyä käyttävä lämpökeskus. Lämmön lyhytaikaisvarastointi on nykyisillä energianhinnoilla kohtalaisen kannattavaa varsinkin, jos Kauppa- ja teollisuusministeriö myöntää hankkeelle täyden 30%:n investointiavustuksen. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the effects of future prospects on district heating in the town of Vaasa. Using Komartek`s Flowra 32 network computation software application, the transfer capacity of the district heating network is studied in current and future load situations. A growth forecast for the next ten years is prepared in connection with this thesis and the power that corresponds to a dimensioning temperature of -29°C obtained using statistical analysis. In addition, possible solutions for generating peak and back-up power are examined. The economic viability of the short-term heat storage in the energy purchasing system is also focus of the study. On the basis of the analysis, the transfer capacity of the district heat network is rather good, although as the connection power increases, pressure differences at the end of the network remain too low. The best solution for the pressure difference problem is to construct a booster pumping station in Hovioikeudenpuisto. The analysis showed that after ten years, the need for back-up district heating energy will be 40 MW and the most economically viable way of providing back-up energy will be to build a heating centre that runs on heavy fuel oil. At current energy prices, the short-term heat storage is economically viable, especially if the Ministry of Trade and Industry grants the project 30% of its value in the form of investment support.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2005 FinlandAuthors: Martikainen, Antti;Tässä diplomityössä tutkittiin ilmastonmuutoksen vaikutusta sähköverkkoliiketoimintaan. Ilmastonmuutosennusteet laadittiin RCAOilmastomallin antamien laskelmien perusteella. Ilmastomuuttujien ennusteet tehtiin ajanjaksolle 2016 - 2045 ja ennusteiden vertailujaksona käytettiin ajanjaksoa 1960 - 1990. Ennusteet laadittiin sadannalle, lämpötilalle, kuuraantumiselle, huurteelle, ukkoselle, routaantumiselle ja tuulisuudelle. Ilmastomuuttujien vaikutukset arvioitiin sekä tekniseltä että taloudelliselta kannalta. Ilmastonmuutoksen myötä on odotettavissa, että ilmastomuuttujien aiheuttamat rasitukset verkkoliiketoimintaa kohtaan tulevat olemaan niistä saatuja hyötyjä suuremmat. Vikamäärien kasvu on merkittävin ja haastavin ilmastonmuutoksen aiheuttama haitta. Ukkonen, lumikuormat ja tuuli tulevat aiheuttamaan nykyistä enemmän vikoja erityisesti keskijänniteverkoissa avojohdoille ellei verkkoja kehitetä vikavarmemmiksi. Lämpötilan nousun seurauksena lämmitystarve laskee ja jäähdytystarve nousee. Tämä näkyy merkittävimmin voimakkaasti lämpötilariippuvaisten käyttäjäryhmien sähkönkulutuksessa ja huippukuormissa. In this paper the effect of climate change on electricity network business is presented. The results are based on RCAO climate model scenarios. The climate predictions were composed to the period 2016 - 2045. The period 1960 - 1990 was used as a control period. The climate predictions were composed for precipitation, temperature, hoarfrost, thunder, ground frost and wind. The effects of the change of the climate variables on electricity network business were estimated from technical and economical points of view. The estimationwas based on the change predictions of the climate variables. It is expected that the climate change will cause more damages than benefits on electrical network business. The increase of the number of network fault will be the most important and demanding disadvantage caused by the climate change. If networks are not developed more resistant for faults, thunder, heavy snow and wind will cause more damages especially to overhead lines in medium voltage network. As a consequence of increasing temperature the demand of heating energy will decrease and the demand of cooling energy will increase. This is significant for the electricity consumption and the peak load of temperaturedependent electricity users.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2006 FinlandAuthors: Uitti, Jani;Tässä diplomityössä on tarkasteltu Oulun Energian kaukolämpötoiminnan kehitystä lähitulevaisuudessa. Työn yhteydessä selvitettiin nykyisessä tilanteessa mitoituslämpötilaa -32 oC vastaava tehotilastollisen analyysin avulla ja laadittiin kasvuennuste kaukolämmityksen tehontarpeesta seuraavalle viidelletoista vuodelle. Kasvuennusteen perusteella on tehty tarkastelu kaukolämmön varatehon riittävyydestä. Verkoston tehonsiirtokykyä nykyisissä ja tulevaisuuden kuormitustilanteissa on tarkasteltu Process VisioninGrades Heating -verkostolaskentaohjelmiston avulla. Tarkastelun perusteella kaukolämpöverkoston siirtokyky on kohtalaisen hyvä. Verkoston ongelmakohtia ovat länsi-itäsuunnassa olevat siirtolinjat. Varatehon määrä tulee laskemaan lähivuosina alle suositeltavan määrän, mikäli uutta lämmöntuotantokapasiteettia ei rakenneta. Alkuvaiheessa paras ratkaisu tilanteen korjaamiseksi olisi uusien lämpökeskusten rakentaminen sekä kaupungin etelä- että itä-osiin. 2010-luvulla tarve uuden voimalaitoksen rakentamiselle kaukolämpötehon tarpeen kattamiseksi tulee kasvamaan. This thesis studies the development of Oulun Energia's district heating network and the production of district heating in the near future. The demand of the district heating power in dimensioning temperature of -32 oC was obtained using statistical analysis. Furthermore, a growth forecast of the district heating power demand for the next fifteen years was prepared. Part of the thesis was to examine the adequacy ofthe reserve heating power capacity in the near future. This was done on the basis of the growth forecast of the district heating power. The transfer capacity of the district heating network was studied in current and future load situationsusing Process Vision's Grades Heating network computation software application. Based on the analysis, the transfer capacity of the districtheating network is rather good. The problematic transfer pipelines are the onesthat run from west to east. The amount of reserve district heating power will drop under the common recommendation, if new capacity is not going to be built. At the beginning the best solution is to build new heating centres to the south and the east regions of the city. On the next decade the demand for a new power plant to satisfy the need of district heating power will grow.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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