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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Wolf-Peter Schill;

    Die Umsetzung der Energiewende erfordert einen weiteren Ausbau von Windkraft und Photovoltaik in Deutschland. Die Stromerzeugungsmöglichkeiten beider Technologien schwanken stark je nach Wetterlage, Tages- und Jahreszeit. So kann es dazu kommen, dass temporär mehr Strom produziert wird, als zu diesem Zeitpunkt verbraucht werden kann. Das DIW Berlin hat anhand ausgewählter Zukunftsszenarien untersucht, wie groß diese Überschüsse sein werden, und wie mit ihnen umgegangen werden sollte. Die Simulationen zeigen, dass eine Flexibilisierung des Stromsystems die Entstehung von Überschüssen deutlich verringert. Derzeit bleiben viele Kraftwerke aus technischen, ökonomischen und systembedingten Gründen auch in Schwachlastphasen am Netz. Durch die Abschaffung dieses Must-Run-Sockels und eine flexible Biomasseverstromung könnte der Stromüberschuss aus Wind- und Solarenergie im Jahr 2032 von über 18 Prozent auf unter zwei Prozent der möglichen Jahreserzeugung gesenkt werden. Die Flexibilisierung des Kraftwerksbetriebs sollte daher ein wichtiges Ziel der deutschen Energiepolitik sein. Darüber hinaus ließe sich das System durch den Export von Stromüberschüssen und andere Maßnahmen weiter flexibilisieren. Eine Aufnahme der gesamten verbleibenden Überschüsse durch zusätzliche Speicher ist jedoch ökonomisch nicht sinnvoll. Stattdessen können die größten Erzeugungsspitzen abgeregelt werden. Die Mengen wären in einem flexiblen System relativ gering: Im Jahr 2032 müssten nicht einmal zwei Prozent der potenziellen Stromerzeugung aus Wind- und Solarenergie verworfen werden. Mittel- und langfristig werden verschiedene Energiespeicher nicht nur zur Aufnahme von Überschüssen, sondern auch zur Spitzenlastdeckung, zur Flexibilisierung der thermischen Stromerzeugung und zur Bereitstellung von Systemdienstleistungen benötigt. Dazu gehören nicht nur Stromspeicher, sondern auch Wärme- und Gasspeicher. Aus energiepolitischer Sicht ist daher die weitere Förderung von Forschung und Entwicklung in diesen Bereichen geboten. The implementation of the energy transition in Germany requires the further expansion of wind and solar power. With both of these technologies, electricity generation is subject to strong seasonal and weather-related variations. In consequence, temporary situations may arise where more power is generated than can be consumed at that point in time. In the present study, DIW Berlin uses selected future scenarios to estimate the potential scale of these surpluses and to examine how they should be tackled. The aforementioned simulations indicate that increasing the flexibility of the energy system can drastically reduce the occurrence of surpluses. Currently, many power plants remain producing even in situations of low demand due to technical, economic and systemic reasons. If this must run requirement of conventional power plants is abandoned, and if power generated by biomass is tailored to demand, it would be possible to reduce the forecast power surplus from wind and solar energy for 2032 from over 18 percent to less than two percent of their potential annual production. The more flexible operation of Germany's fleet of power stations should, therefore, be an important aim for the country's energy policy. Exporting power surpluses or using them in heating or demand-side measures will further increase system flexibility. Power storage devices can absorb some of the remaining surplus. Storage of all surplus power might not be economically viable. If storage capacity is merely constructed to capture such surplus, then it would be more cost efficient to curtail some of the peak renewable energy production. The size of the surplus that would need to be curtailed is in fact relatively small: based on a flexible system, in 2032, only less than two percent of potential power generated by wind and solar energy would need to be discarded. In the medium and long term, various forms of energy storage will be required, not only to absorb surpluses, but also to cover peak load periods, to improve the flexibility of thermal electricity production, and to supply frequency control and other ancillary services. Apart from electricity storage devices, these can also comprise thermal energy and gas storage systems. From an energy policy perspective, therefore, it is advisable to continue support for research and development in these areas.

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    EconStor
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    Authors: Dötsch, C.;

    "Egal ob Pump- oder Druckspeicher, Batterien oder "virtuelle" Pufferung im Netz - alle Technologien zur Stromspeicherung besitzen ihre spezifischen Vor- und Nachteile. Angesichts wachsender Marktanteile regenerativer Stromerzeugung nimmt die Bedeutung effizienter Techniken zur Energiespeicherung zu. Nur so werden "fluktuierende" Quellen wie Windkraft und Photovoltaik planbar."

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    Authors: Remme, Uwe;

    Vor dem Hintergrund eines zunehmenden globalen Energiebedarfs und der Gefahr einer anthropogenen Störung des Klimasystems durch die Emission von Treibhausgasen gilt es, tragfähige Strategien und Perspektiven für eine nachhaltige Energieversorgung zu entwickeln. Der verstärkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien wird dabei vielfach eine Schlüsselrolle zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen zugesprochen. Einer weit verbreiteten Ausschöpfung der auch in Deutschland in großem Maße verfügbaren Potenzialen an regenerativen Energieträgern stehen jedoch häufig noch die damit verbundenen hohen Kosten im Vergleich zu fossilen Energieträgern entgegen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher zu untersuchen, welchen Beitrag erneuerbare Energieträger in einem wettbewerblichen Marktumfeld langfristig zur Energieversorgung leisten können und in welchem Umfang erneuerbare Energieträger durch die Internalisierung der Treibhausgasvermeidungskosten in den Energiepreisen profitieren können. Zur Bewertung der Rolle erneuerbarer Energieträger sind mit Blick auf das Gesamtenergiesystem Interdependenzen zwischen der Nutzung erneuerbarer Energieträger und den übrigen Sektoren des Energiesystems zu berücksichtigen. Neben der Vernetzung des Energiesystems in horizontaler Richtung durch Prozessketten über Sektoren hinweg und in vertikaler Richtung durch die Konkurrenz regenerativer mit fossilen Energietechnologien sind dabei auch Kopplungen über Energiepreise, deren Höhe über die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit einer regenerativen Energietechnologie entscheidet, sowie die energie- und preisseitigen Effekte durch Einführung energiepolitischer Instrumente zu beachten. Aufgrund dieser Systemzusammenhänge wird daher ein auf dem Ansatz der linearen Programmierung basierendes intertemporales Energiesystemmodell verwendet, in dem die Energiewirtschaft Deutschlands von der Primär- bis zur Nutzenergie technologisch detailliert abgebildet und hinsichtlich der Systemkosten optimiert wird. Um die Wechselwirkungen innerhalb des Energiesystems aufzuzeigen, werden sich z. T. ergänzende methodische Verfahren entwickelt und eingesetzt. Neben einem Bilanzierungsmodell zur Ermittlung von die Prozessvorketten berücksichtigender Indikatoren zählen hierzu ein auf der Dualitätstheorie beruhendes Verfahren zur Dekomposition der Energie- und Zertifikatspreise, Methoden der Sensitivitätsanalyse zur Ermittlung der fundamentalen preisbestimmenden Faktoren und Techniken der parametrischen Programmierung, um neben Variationen der Modelleingangsdaten Treibhausgasvermeidungskostenkurven und Angebotskurven regenerativ erzeugten Stroms unter Berücksichtigung der systemaren Zusammenhänge im Energiesektor abzuleiten. Mit Hilfe des entwickelten Energiesystemmodells und der Analysemethoden werden die zukünftigen Entwicklungsperspektiven erneuerbarer Energien im deutschen Energiesystem bis zum Jahr 2050 szenariogestützt untersucht. In den Szenarien werden einerseits die mit einer Quote erneuerbarer Energien in der Stromerzeugung verbundenen energie-, kosten- und emissionsseitigen Auswirkungen betrachtet und andererseits der Beitrag erneuerbarer Energien in Konkurrenz mit alternativen Minderungsoptionen zur Erreichung von Treibhausgasminderungszielen dargestellt. Weiterhin werden in simultanen Variationen die Wechselwirkungen zwischen beiden Instrumenten und ihre Auswirkungen speziell auf die Stromerzeugungsstruktur und die Strompreise beleuchtet. Against the background of an increasing global energy demand and the danger of an anthropogenic disturbance of the climate system by the emission of greenhouse gases, it is necessary to develop sustainable strategies and perspectives for the future energy system. The increased usage of renewable sources is identified from many sides as a key element in strategies to overcome these challenges. However, a widely utilisation of the also in Germany large existing potentials of renewable energy carriers is currently still opposed by the associated high costs relative to fossil energy sources. The intention of the submitted thesis is to analyse the contribution of renewable energy sources in the long-run under competitive market conditions to the energy supply and to study the extent to which renewable energy sources can benefit from the internalisation of greenhouse gas abatement costs in the energy prices. To assess the role of renewable energy sources in the context of the entire energy system, interdependencies between the utilisation of renewable energy sources with other aspects and sectors of the energy system have to be taken into account. In addition to the interconnectedness of the energy system in the horizontal direction by process chains across sectors and in the vertical direction by the competition of renewable with conventional fossil technologies also the linkage by energy prices, which serve as benchmark for the competitiveness of a renewable energy technology, and the energy and price related effects caused by the introduction of policy instruments have to be considered. Due to these interactions within the system, a linear programming based dynamic energy system model is used, which depicts technologically detailed the German energy sector from the primary energy supply to the end-use energy demand side and optimises the energy system with respect to its total costs. In order to reveal the interactions and dependencies within the energy system, several partially complementary methodologies have been developed and applied to the model. Apart from a balance model that allows the calculation of specific indicators under consideration of previous process chains, the methodology comprises a method for decomposing energy and certificate prices based on the duality theory, the method of sensitivity analysis to identify the fundamental price-determining activities and parametric programming techniques to derive greenhouse gas abatement cost curves and renewable electricity supply cost curves. With the help of the developed energy system model and analysis tools, the future development perspectives of renewable energy in the German energy system until the year 2050 are studied in various scenarios. In these scenarios, on the one side the energy-, cost- and emission related effects associated with a quota for the electricity production from renewable sources are studied, on the other side the contribution of renewable energy sources to given greenhouse gas abatement targets in competition with alternative abatement measures is examined. Furthermore the interdependencies between these two policy instruments on each other and their effects on the structure of the electricity sector and on the electricity prices are highlighted.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2006
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2006
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: orcid bw Höchli, Bettina;
    Höchli, Bettina
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    Sind die Ersatz­produkte für Fleisch und Milch gesünder und ökologischer? Hierzulande sind fast 380 pflanzliche Alternativen zu tierischen Produkten erhältlich. Ein umfassender Bericht zeigt nun, welche Vorteile sie haben und wo die Nachteile liegen. Anke Fossgreen führte ein Interview mit Bettina Höchli anlässlich der Pressekonferenz zur Studienpräsentation "Fleisch- und Milchersatzprodukte – besser für Gesundheit und Umwelt?"

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://dx.doi.org/1...arrow_drop_down
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.48620/86...
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    Authors: Blum, Ulrich; Pies, Ingo;

    Die Politik in Deutschland sollte sich nicht mit Forderungen zum Ausstieg aus der ver-meintlich "schmutzigen" Braunkohle begnügen, sondern ernsthaft daran arbeiten, den Einstieg in eine "saubere" Braunkohlewirtschaft zu organisieren, um als Pionier auch anderen Ländern einen Weg zu weisen, wie fossile Rohstoffe klimafreundlich genutzt werden können. German politics should not be content with exiting "dirty" brown coal. Instead, it should seriously work on entering a "clean" brown coal economy. As a pioneer, Germany could guide other countries into the right way of using fossil fuels in a climate friendly way.

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    Authors: Lobo, Kai Roger;

    Until the 1990s, electricity policy in Germany showed a high legal and economic continuity. The German Energy Act as the regulatory framework of the electricity industry basicly didn´t change for more than 60 years after its passing in 1935. Due to the liberalization specifications of the European Commission to create a European internal market for energy, the traditional German energy supply system was fractionalized. The liberalization question resulted in the phalanx of the German electricity industry splitting into two groups: supporters and opponents. While the big interconnected firms saw their upcoming national and international expansion chances, especially the municipal companies, in particular, feared that competition could threat their existence. Until that time, the monopoly system was characterized by high electricity prices, big excessive production capacities and a fixation on large fossil and nuclear power plants. Additionally, the electricity industry protagonists showed a high resistance to modernization and innovation. The liberalization of the energy supply on all value added stages through the abolition of the old demarcation zones immediately created a completely new competition situation on the German electricity market. Conflictual constellations between the protagonists arose in a policy field, in which the company and association structures had not changed for decades prior. During that long period, strong cooperation relationships have been built between the electricity industry, the regulating authorities and the political decision-makers. On the interconnected companies level the liberalization led to a unprecedented market concentration. Their number decreased from nine to four. As a result of the liberalization and the changes of the market structure the association landscape finally erode as well. In parallel to that development, the red-green government coalition gained power in 1998, which pushed the electricity policy towards the overall objective of environmental compatibility of the electricity supply. Therefore, the year 1998 is the starting year for this doctoral dissertation as a strategic policy field analysis, which focuses on the protagonists of the electricity policy and their action motivations. The investigation period ends with the Bundestag election in 2009, so it includes three legislative periods in relation to the national level. Simultaneously, the increasing Europeanization of the policy field ensured the shift of decision-making power and growing conflicts between the national and the European policy level. During that time, the lines of conflict, policy processes and protagonist constellations mainly proceeded along the dominating trends of liberalization and the environmental compatibility of the electricity supply system and the resulting conflict of aims. However, the political and absolutely dominating trend during the investigation period has been the rising influence of the European policy level on the national policy field developments. Thereby, the European Commission has been the strategic centre of the Europeanization of the policy field, while the European parliament also continuously extended its influence.

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    Authors: orcid Fehr, Rainer;
    Fehr, Rainer
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    Fehr, Rainer in OpenAIRE
    Gatting, Sinja; Ritzinger, Silja; Hornberg, Claudia;

    Am 18. November 2021 wurde die 7.Konferenz der Reihe „Stadt der Zukunft –Gesunde, nachhaltige Metropolen“ unter dem Titel „Gesundheit und nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung im Spannungsfeld: Analysen, Strategien & Praxis“ im Rahmen der zweitägigen Tandemveran-staltung„Nachhaltige StadtGesundheit“ (17./18.11.2021) als Online-Veranstaltung ausgerich-tet. Die vorliegende Dokumentation beschreibt Kontext, Vorbereitung, Durchführung und In-halte dieser Konferenz sowie ausgewählte Ergebnisse. On 18thNovember 2021, the 7thconference of the series "City of the Future –Healthy, Sustainable Metropolises" took place as online event under the title "Health and Sustainable Urban Development in the Area of Conflict: Analyses, Strategies & Practice", as part of the two-day tandem event "Sustainable UrbanHealth" (17./18.11.2021). This documentation covers the context, preparation, implementation and contents of this conference, as well as selected results.

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    Publications at Bielefeld University
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.11576/ns...
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      Publications at Bielefeld University
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    Authors: Jochum, Georg; Quinteros-Ochoa, Leonor;

    Angesichts einer drastischen Übernutzung der maritimen Fischbestände wird vielfach ein Übergang zu einer nachhaltigen Fischerei eingefordert. Favorisiert werden häufig Strategien einer Privatisierung und Vermarktlichung der Fangrechte, um einen verantwortungsvollen, nachhaltigen Umgang mit den maritimen Ressourcen zu erreichen. Wie allerdings am Beispiel der Neuordnung der Fischerei in Chile durch das Gesetz "Ley Longueira" im vorliegenden Artikel deutlich gemacht wird, führen diese Strategien zur Verdrängung traditioneller Kleinfischer und sie fördern letztlich eine ökologisch problematische industrielle Fischerei. Unter Bezug auf das sozial-ökologische Leitbild der nachhaltigen Arbeit kann konstatiert werden, dass marktbasierte Strategien zur Erreichung von Nachhaltigkeit in der Fischerei zumeist ihr Ziel verfehlen. Sie verschärfen die sozialen und ökologischen Krisen und legitimieren teilweise Praktiken des Ocean Grabbings. Um eine nachhaltige Arbeit in der Fischerei zu gewährleisten, sind daher gemeinschaftsbasierte Ansätze der Ressourcennutzung zu bevorzugen. In view of the drastic overexploitation of maritime fish stocks, a transition towards a sustainable fishery is required. Strategies of privatization and marketisation of fishing rights are commonly favored in order to achieve a responsible and sustainable management of maritime resources. However, as set out in this article by the example of the reorganization of the fishery by the law "Ley Longueira" in Chile, these strategies often displace traditional small-scale fisheries and ultimately promote an industrial fishery, which is ecologically problematic. As can be argued with reference to the socio-ecological model of "sustainable work", market-based strategies to achieve sustainability in fisheries often fail. They exacerbate the social and ecological crises and legitimize ocean grabbing. To ensure sustainable work in fisheries, community-based approaches to resource use are therefore preferable. AIS-Studien

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.21241/ss...
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    Authors: Bürger, Jana; Edler, Barbara; Gerowitt, Bärbel; Steinmann, Horst-Henning;

    Increasing maize cultivation and changed cropping practices promote the selection of typical maize weeds that may also profit strongly from climate change. Predicting potential weed problems is of high interest for plant production. Within the project KLIFF, experiments were combined with species distribution modelling for this task in the region of Lower Saxony, Germany. For our study, we modelled ecological and damage niches of nine weed species that are significant and wide spread in maize cropping in a number of European countries. Species distribution models describe the ecological niche of a species, these are the environmental conditions under which a species can maintain a vital population. It is also possible to estimate a damage niche, i.e. the conditions under which a species causes damage in agricultural crops. For this, we combined occurrence data of European national data bases with high resolution climate, soil and land use data. Models were also projected to simulated climate conditions for the time horizon 2070 - 2100 in order to estimate climate change effects. Modelling results indicate favourable conditions for typical maize weed occurrence virtually all over the study region, but only a few species are important in maize cropping. This is in good accordance with the findings of an earlier maize weed monitoring. Reaction to changing climate conditions is species-specific, for some species neutral (E. crus-galli), other species may gain (Polygonum persicaria) or loose (Viola arvensis) large areas of suitable habitats. All species with damage potential under present conditions will remain important in maize cropping, some more species will gain regional importance (Calystegia sepium, Setara viridis).

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    Authors: Weidemann, Rainer;

    Im Jahresbericht 2015 des Instituts für Angewandte Informatik (IAI) werden, nach einem kurzen Überblick über die Arbeiten, die Forschungsergebnisse dieses Jahres vorgestellt. Die Einordnung erfolgt entsprechend der Zuordnung der Vorhaben zu den Helmholtz-Programmen des Großforschungsbereichs des KIT. Es schließt sich ein Verzeichnis der im Berichtszeitraum erschienenen Publikationen an.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5445/ksp...
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