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  • 12. Responsible consumption
  • 4. Education
  • Spanish; Castilian

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Guisasola Aranzabal, Jenaro; Montero, A.; Fernández, M.;

    El trabajo que aquí se presenta recoge los resultados de una investigación en torno al aprendizaje del concepto de fuerza electromotriz a través de las siguientes etapas: a) conocer las principales dificultades que se produjeron en el desarrollo del concepto a lo largo de la historia; b) establecer las principales características de un aprendizaje significativo del concepto de fuerza electromotriz; c) averiguar en qué medida se presentan dificultades de aprendizaje de este concepto en estudiantes de último curso de carrera y recién licenciados en ciencias. Los resultados obtenidos parecen confirmar que los estudiantes, al acabar sus estudios de licenciatura no han logrado un claro significado de la magnitud fuerza electromotriz y, en consecuencia, presentan confusiones entre ésta y la diferencia de potencial en circuitos eléctricos y en fenómenos sencillos de inducción electromagnética. En la situación particular de un fenómeno sencillo de inducción electromagnética, casi la totalidad de los estudiantes presentan serias deficiencias en los significados de la fuerza electromotriz y diferencia de potencial. This paper offers the result of our research into the learning of the concept of EMF at an introductory level according to the following stages: a) To know the main difficulties when defining the concept throughout history. b) To establish the main characteristics of the meaningful learning of the concept of EMF. c) To analyse to what extent students have a meaninful learning of EMF when they finish their degrees in science. The results seem to confirm that university students when finishing their science degrees have not got a clear idea of the notion of EMF. Therefore they often mistake it for potential difference. In the specific test of an easy experience of EMF induction, nearly all the students had serious problems in differentiating between EMF and potential difference.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ortuño Lorente, Sara Victoria;

    [ES] En el presente trabajo se abordan consecuencias directas de cambio medioambiental que genera el calentamiento global en base a varios estudios realizados por diversos campos y que confirman el impacto durante las próximas décadas. Siendo el sector de la construcción uno de los más contaminantes. Se enfatiza en la interpretación de los resultados de análisis ambientales y como según nuestra localización, la cuenca mediterránea, es uno de los territorios más vulnerables. Concluyendo que la comunidad valenciana sufrirá un déficit de recursos hídricos y enumerando las consecuencias que eso conlleva. Se revisan los planteamientos urbanos previsto en un futuro para la comunidad valenciana, y en concreto para la ciudad de valencia, como medida de mitigación contra los efectos del cambio climático. Y con ello se plantea un proyecto teórico de cómo adaptar la arquitectura abordándolo desde la escala ciudad, hasta la escala humana, en función de soluciones referentes existentes. [EN] In the present work are addressed direct consequences of environmental change generated by global warming based on several studies conducted by various fields and confirm the impact over the coming decades. Being the construction sector one of the most polluting. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of environmental analysis results and how, according to our location, the Mediterranean basin is one of the most vulnerable territories. Concluding that the Valencian community will suffer a deficit of water resources and listing the consequences that entails. The urban planning foreseen in the future for the Valencian community is reviewed, and specifically for the city of valencia, as a mitigation measure against the effects of climate change. And with this a theoretical project is proposed on how to adapt the architecture addressing it from the city scale, to the human scale, based on existing reference solutions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: 0; GONZALEZ VALADEZ, DAVID ISRAEL;

    El presente trabajo de investigación, es para recibir el grado de Maestría en Ciencias para el Desarrollo, Sustentabilidad y Turismo por la Unidad Académica de Turismo de la Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit. El estudio pretende conocer las condiciones socioeconómicas y ambientales, reconocidas como un potencial turístico de la localidad rural de El Colom, Nayarit, así como las posibilidades de aprovechamiento de los recursos con que cuenta, y su implementación como detonante del desarrollo turístico rural local, para lo cual se han desarrollado cinco capítulos, a fin de obtener un mapa amplio del tema en estudio. The present research work is to receive the degree of Master of Science for Development, Sustainability and Tourism by the Academic Unit of Tourism of the Autonomous University of Nayarit. The study intends to know the socioeconomic and environmental conditions, recognized as a tourist potential of the rural locality of El Colom, Nayarit, as well as the possibilities of taking advantage of the resources it has, and its implementation as a detonator of the local rural tourist development, for which five chapters have been developed, in order to obtain a wide map of the topic under study.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LAReferencia - Red F...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LAReferencia - Red F...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Lillo Navarro, Manuel;

    La puesta en valor del patrimonio material es el primer paso para evitar su destrucción. Además del patrimonio artístico, cuyo valor convencional es obvio, las ciudades disponen de gran cantidad de construcciones menores, anónimas, prosaicas, que tienen un enorme potencial de reutilización. Existen casos notables de infraestructuras obsoletas (puentes, túneles, depósitos, artefactos industriales) que mediante la reprogramación funcional y cierta elaboración material son puestas en valor, aprovechando las posibilidades intrínsecas de construcciones no concebidas para albergar espacios habitables, pero que disponen de excepcionales cualidades estructurales y espaciales Constituyen el tejido productivo de las ciudades, y son parte de su historia, reconocible por generaciones. Su reutilización constituye una capa adicional de significado cultural que puede enriquecer y dar complejidad a la historia y patrimonio locales. Restoring the value of material heritage is the first step towards preventing its destruction. Apart from artistic heritage, whose conventional value is obvious, cities have a large number of minor, anonymous, prosaic constructions which have an enormous potential for reuse. There are noteworthy cases of obsolete infrastructures (bridges, tunnels, deposits, industrial artefacts) which can have their value brought back by means of functional reprogramming and some material preparation, taking advantage of the intrinsic possibilities of constructions not conceived for containing inhabitable spaces, but which have outstanding structural and spatial qualities. These constitute the production fabric of cities and are part of their history, recognisable for generations. Their reuse constitutes a further stratum of cultural significance which may enrich and give complexity to local history and heritage.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ariza Coy, Diana Lorena; González Castaño, Ivonne Melisa; Rodríguez Cascavita, Ángela Viviana;

    La responsabilidad social empresarial tiene dos posturas, la primera es aquella que se basa en realizar acciones de filantropía con la intención de mejorar la imagen de la empresa y su posicionamiento en el mercado. La segunda es la que se presenta de una forma integral, en la cual las preocupaciones sociales, expresadas por los diferentes grupos de interés, se encuentran integradas a los diversos aspectos que conforman la actividad de la empresa, como el modelo de negocios, la estrategia, la visión, los bienes o servicios que ofrece, entre otros. (Raufflet, 2017). Por lo mencionado anteriormente, se evidencia que la responsabilidad social empresarial abarca varios componentes, necesarios para el desarrollo competitivo de una empresa, hoy en día. La gestión ambiental se posiciona como el componente más importante de la RSE y es por medio de esta, que se genera un impacto que se refleja en los demás componentes. Corporate social responsibility has two positions, the first is one that is based on taking philanthropic actions with the intention of improving the image of the company and its position in the market. The second is the one that is presented in a comprehensive way, in which the social concerns expressed by the different interest groups are integrated into the various aspects that make up the company's activity, such as the business model, the strategy , the vision, the goods or services it offers, among others. (Raufflet, 2017). From the aforementioned, it is evident that corporate social responsibility encompasses several components, necessary for the competitive development of a company, today. Environmental management is positioned as the most important component of CSR and it is through this that an impact is generated that is reflected in the other components. Especialista en Gerencia de Proyectos

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biblioteca Digital M...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Biblioteca Digital M...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Buitrago Avellaneda, Cristian camilo; Barragan Salas, Carolina; Rodriguez Aldana, Marcela; Esteban Lizarazo, Holman;

    En el mundo empresarial, durante varios años, se le ha apostado a varias iniciativas de la toma de conciencia responsable; el objetivo de este estudio es determinar, cómo la decisión de compra de los consumidores se ve influenciada por aquellos atributos de los empaques de alimentos, cuyo propósito es contribuir con el medio ambiente; bajo este contexto se identificó como los intereses de un grupo de consumidores que se inclinan hacia la sostenibilidad son influenciados por las características de los empaques de los productos; la pregunta de investigación se responde a través de una exploración de tipo cuantitativa, realizando encuestas online y que con los resultados se logró identificar como el material del empaque, certificados de calidad, procesos productivos, entre otros, influencian al consumidor de manera positiva en la decisión de compra. In the business world, for several years, he has bet on several initiatives of responsible awareness; The objective of this study is to determine how the consumer purchase decision is influenced by those attributes of food packaging, whose purpose is to contribute to the environment; Under this context, it was identified how the interests of a group of consumers who are inclined towards sustainability are influenced by the characteristics of the product packaging; The research question is answered through a quantitative exploration, conducting online surveys and that with the results it was possible to identify how the packaging material, quality certificates, production processes, among others, influence the consumer in a positive way in the purchase decision. Especialista en Gerencia de Mercadeo

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    Authors: 662932; BIRRUETA FLORES, GRACIELA;

    En la actualidad los residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) conforman un grave problema, ya que se tiene un manejo ineficiente de ellos lo que puede traer consigo grandes impactos en los aspectos sociales, ambientales y económicos que en conjunto repercuten en la imagen urbana de la ciudad y en la salud de sus habitantes. De acuerdo a la Ley General para la Prevención y Gestión Integral de Residuos LGPGIR (2003), los RSU son los generados en las casas habitación, que resultan de la eliminación de los materiales que utilizan en sus actividades domésticas. Currently, urban solid waste (MSW) is a serious problem, as it has an inefficient management of them, which can have great impacts on social, environmental and economic aspects that together have an impact on the urban image of the city. and on the health of its inhabitants. According to the General Law for the Prevention and Integral Management of Residues LGPGIR (2003), the RSU are those generated in the houses, which result from the elimination of the materials used in their domestic activities.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LAReferencia - Red F...arrow_drop_down
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    La era digital ha supuesto una revolución en la vida de millones de personas. En la actualidad, se observa cómo el desarrollo tecnológico está afectando la sostenibilidad social de las ciudades en temas como exclusión, individualismo o gentrificación. En contraposición, dicha tecnología aplicada de manera transversal genera inclusión, diversidad y sentimiento de comunidad. Este artículo afronta el tema de la vivienda colaborativa, entendida como un proceso participativo, extendido más allá de las fases de proyecto y construcción, hacia la gestión y uso de los espacios que, gracias a las tecnologías digitales, favorece su sostenibilidad social. The digital age has revolutionized the lives of millions of people. At present, it is observed how technological development is affecting the social sustainability of cities in issues such as exclusion, individualism or gentrification. In contrast, this technology applied in a transversal way generates inclusion, diversity and a communuty feeling. This article addresses the issue of collaborative housing, understood as a participatory process, extended beyond the project and construction phases, towards the management and use of spaces that, thanks to digital technologies, favor their social sustainability.

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    Authors: Hogenboom, Bárbara; Baud, Michiel; de Castro, Fabio;

    América Latina juega un papel importante en relación con la Gobernanza Ambiental. El conocimiento generado por estudios empíricos y teóricos sobre los desafíos ambientales del presente pueden apoyar los renovados esfuerzos de la región por alcanzar un uso de los recursos naturales que sea equitativo y sustentable. A pesar de que los vínculos entre las dimensiones social y ambiental han sido explorados por la academia desde los años noventa, las nuevas tendencias de la Gobernanza Ambiental en América Latina requieren una aproximación analítica comprehensiva. Los autores argumentan que, a fin de potenciar las “perspectivas latinoamericanas” para la solución de los dilemas socioambientales, algunas corrientes de investigación deben juntarse en marcos analíticos integradores que puedan generar complejas preguntas relacionadas con las interacciones a múltiples niveles entre Estado, sociedad civil y actores de mercado. Latin America plays an important international role with regard to environmental governance. Knowledge generated by empirical and theoretical studies on environmental challenges can support the renewed efforts in the region to achieve equitable and sustainable natural resource use. Although linkages be-tween social and environmental dimensions have been academically explored since the 1990s new trends in environmental governance in Latin America deserve a comprehensive analytical approach. The authors argue that in or-der to enhance “Latin American perspectives” to solving socio-environmental dilemmas, several research streams need to be brought together in integrative frameworks that can address complex questions related to interactions between state, civil society and market actors on multiple scales.

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    El desarrollo de los proyectos de infraestructuras requiere el análisis y selección de varias alternativas que pueden dar solución al problema planteado. Para llevar a cabo este proceso desde un punto de vista sostenible, en primer lugar, es necesario considerar todos los criterios o requerimientos de sostenibilidad que pueden intervenir en el proyecto, así como todas las alternativas que dan cumplimiento a dichos requerimientos. De igual forma, es necesario determinar la importancia relativa de los criterios de selección y valorar dicha importancia relativa a través de la ponderación de criterios. Por otra parte, la selección de alternativas suele producirse en un entorno de incertidumbre, la cual aumenta la complejidad de las decisiones a adoptar. Los métodos de decisión multicriterio son herramientas que ayudan en el proceso de selección de alternativas, al proporcionar un proceso sistemático en la toma de decisión, lo cual, reduce la subjetividad del decisor y permite valorar de manera cuantitativa cada alternativa según los criterios de selección. Pero los métodos de decisión multicriterio tienen ciertas limitaciones e inconvenientes, entre éstas hay que destacar que la mayor parte de ellos no consideran la correlación entre las variables que intervienen en el proceso. Por ello, en el capítulo correspondiente se hace una revisión de los métodos de decisión multicriterio, indicando sus ventajas, inconvenientes y principales aplicaciones. En la presente investigación se identifican, en un primer momento los criterios de sostenibilidad que intervienen en el proceso de selección de alternativas, y posteriormente se profundiza en el estudio, aplicación y desarrollo de una metodología de decisión basada en la determinación de cercanía o menor distancia a la denomina “solución ideal”, entendida ésta como una solución ficticia que es la que mejor se comporta para cada criterio de decisión. Se trata de determinar la alternativa cuya distancia matemática a la solución ideal sea la menor posible, y obtener una clasificación de alternativas en función de dicha distancia, ordenadas de la menor a mayor distancia a la solución ideal. Para considerar la correlación entre variables, se propone una metodología de decisión basada en el concepto de distancia a la “solución ideal” medida a través de la distancia de Mahalanobis, la cual tiene dos particularidades: considera la correlación entre variables y es invariante a la escala. La metodología desarrollada consiste en una modificación del método de decisión multicriterio VIKOR aplicando la distancia de Mahalanobis para el cálculo de los valores S o R del método VIKOR tradicional. Cualquier metodología basada en un método de decisión multicriterio debe ser verificada mediante un análisis de robustez y un análisis de sensibilidad, siendo el primero de ellos el que determina la validez del modelo para que la solución óptima lo sea realmente entre un conjunto de soluciones. Mientras que el análisis de sensibilidad tiene como objetivo estudiar y descubrir el grado de sensibilidad de la solución óptima ante cambios en los factores o criterios esenciales. Para analizar la estabilidad de las soluciones proporcionadas por la metodología desarrollada se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad consistente en modificar la ponderación inicial de los criterios de selección y determinar el número de cambios que se producen en la clasificación de alternativas y, de esta forma determinar el criterio con mayor coeficiente relativo de sensibilidad. Por último, la metodología de selección desarrollada se aplica a la selección de alternativas de dos tipos de infraestructuras diferentes. En primer lugar, a la selección de alternativas de tipologías muros de contención en infraestructuras lineales, por el gran impacto medioambiental que tienen sobre el entorno, tanto visual como de barrera. Y, en segundo lugar, a la selección de la localización de aparcamientos disuasorios, al ser una infraestructura determinante en los planes de movilidad urbana y en el establecimiento de medidas de restricción del tráfico en el centro de las grandes ciudades para la reducción de emisiones de gases contaminantes. Modern infrastructure projects require the analysis and selection of the best solution from several alternatives which are a valid solution to the problem posed. To carry out this process from a sustainable point of view, it is first of all essential to consider all the sustainability requirements that may be relevant in the project, in order to develop all the feasible alternatives that comply with these requirements. At the same time, it is crucial to determine the relative importance of the selection criteria and to assess this relative importance considering the weighting of criteria. On the other hand, the selection of alternatives usually takes place in an environment of uncertainty, which increases the complexity of the decisions to be taken. Multicriteria decision methods are tools that help in the process of selecting alternatives by providing a systematic decision-making process. The use of these methods reduces the subjectivity of the decision-maker and allows each alternative to be evaluated quantitatively, according to the set of selection criteria. However, multicriteria decision methods have certain limitations and drawbacks, among which it should be noted that most of them do not consider specifically the correlation between the variables considered in the process. For this reason, all multi-criteria decision methods are studied in a specific chapter, stating their advantages, disadvantages and main applications. This research starts by identifying the sustainability criteria involved in the process of selecting alternatives, and then continues with the study, application and development of a decision methodology based on the determination of proximity (shortest distance) to the socalled "ideal solution", understood as a fictitious solution which performs best for each decision criterion. The aim is to determine the alternative whose mathematical distance to the ideal solution is the smallest possible, and to obtain a ranking of alternatives according to this distance, ordered from the shortest to the longest distance to the ideal solution. To consider the correlation between variables- in the process, a decision methodology is proposed based on the concept of distance to the "ideal solution", measured through the Mahalanobis distance, which has the particularity that, in addition to considering the correlation between variables, it is invariant to scale. Thus, the proposed methodology consists of a modification of the VIKOR multi-criteria decision method by applying the Mahalanobis distance to calculate the values of S or R variables of the traditional VIKOR method. Any methodology based on a multicriteria decision method must be verified using both a robustness and a sensitivity analysis, in which the former will determine the validity of the model so that the optimal solution is indeed optimal among a given set of solutions. The latter sensitivity analysis aims to study and discover the degree of sensitivity of the optimal solution to changes in the essential factors or criteria. To analyze the stability of the solutions provided by the methodology developed, a sensitivity analysis is carried out, consisting of modifying the initial weighting of the selection criteria and determining the number of changes that occur in the ranking of alternatives and, in this way, determining the criterion with the highest relative sensitivity coefficient. Finally, the original proposed methodology is applied to the selection of alternatives for two different infrastructure types. First, to the selection of best alternative for retaining wall typologies in linear infrastructures, due to the considerable environmental impact they have on the surroundings, both visually and as a barrier. Second, to the selection of the optimal location of park and ride infrastructures, as they are a key infrastructure in urban mobility plans and in the establishment of traffic restriction measures in city centers of large metropolitan areas, when seeking to reduce pollutant gas emissions. Tesis Univ. Granada.

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42 Research products
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Guisasola Aranzabal, Jenaro; Montero, A.; Fernández, M.;

    El trabajo que aquí se presenta recoge los resultados de una investigación en torno al aprendizaje del concepto de fuerza electromotriz a través de las siguientes etapas: a) conocer las principales dificultades que se produjeron en el desarrollo del concepto a lo largo de la historia; b) establecer las principales características de un aprendizaje significativo del concepto de fuerza electromotriz; c) averiguar en qué medida se presentan dificultades de aprendizaje de este concepto en estudiantes de último curso de carrera y recién licenciados en ciencias. Los resultados obtenidos parecen confirmar que los estudiantes, al acabar sus estudios de licenciatura no han logrado un claro significado de la magnitud fuerza electromotriz y, en consecuencia, presentan confusiones entre ésta y la diferencia de potencial en circuitos eléctricos y en fenómenos sencillos de inducción electromagnética. En la situación particular de un fenómeno sencillo de inducción electromagnética, casi la totalidad de los estudiantes presentan serias deficiencias en los significados de la fuerza electromotriz y diferencia de potencial. This paper offers the result of our research into the learning of the concept of EMF at an introductory level according to the following stages: a) To know the main difficulties when defining the concept throughout history. b) To establish the main characteristics of the meaningful learning of the concept of EMF. c) To analyse to what extent students have a meaninful learning of EMF when they finish their degrees in science. The results seem to confirm that university students when finishing their science degrees have not got a clear idea of the notion of EMF. Therefore they often mistake it for potential difference. In the specific test of an easy experience of EMF induction, nearly all the students had serious problems in differentiating between EMF and potential difference.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ortuño Lorente, Sara Victoria;

    [ES] En el presente trabajo se abordan consecuencias directas de cambio medioambiental que genera el calentamiento global en base a varios estudios realizados por diversos campos y que confirman el impacto durante las próximas décadas. Siendo el sector de la construcción uno de los más contaminantes. Se enfatiza en la interpretación de los resultados de análisis ambientales y como según nuestra localización, la cuenca mediterránea, es uno de los territorios más vulnerables. Concluyendo que la comunidad valenciana sufrirá un déficit de recursos hídricos y enumerando las consecuencias que eso conlleva. Se revisan los planteamientos urbanos previsto en un futuro para la comunidad valenciana, y en concreto para la ciudad de valencia, como medida de mitigación contra los efectos del cambio climático. Y con ello se plantea un proyecto teórico de cómo adaptar la arquitectura abordándolo desde la escala ciudad, hasta la escala humana, en función de soluciones referentes existentes. [EN] In the present work are addressed direct consequences of environmental change generated by global warming based on several studies conducted by various fields and confirm the impact over the coming decades. Being the construction sector one of the most polluting. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of environmental analysis results and how, according to our location, the Mediterranean basin is one of the most vulnerable territories. Concluding that the Valencian community will suffer a deficit of water resources and listing the consequences that entails. The urban planning foreseen in the future for the Valencian community is reviewed, and specifically for the city of valencia, as a mitigation measure against the effects of climate change. And with this a theoretical project is proposed on how to adapt the architecture addressing it from the city scale, to the human scale, based on existing reference solutions.

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    Authors: 0; GONZALEZ VALADEZ, DAVID ISRAEL;

    El presente trabajo de investigación, es para recibir el grado de Maestría en Ciencias para el Desarrollo, Sustentabilidad y Turismo por la Unidad Académica de Turismo de la Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit. El estudio pretende conocer las condiciones socioeconómicas y ambientales, reconocidas como un potencial turístico de la localidad rural de El Colom, Nayarit, así como las posibilidades de aprovechamiento de los recursos con que cuenta, y su implementación como detonante del desarrollo turístico rural local, para lo cual se han desarrollado cinco capítulos, a fin de obtener un mapa amplio del tema en estudio. The present research work is to receive the degree of Master of Science for Development, Sustainability and Tourism by the Academic Unit of Tourism of the Autonomous University of Nayarit. The study intends to know the socioeconomic and environmental conditions, recognized as a tourist potential of the rural locality of El Colom, Nayarit, as well as the possibilities of taking advantage of the resources it has, and its implementation as a detonator of the local rural tourist development, for which five chapters have been developed, in order to obtain a wide map of the topic under study.

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    Authors: Lillo Navarro, Manuel;

    La puesta en valor del patrimonio material es el primer paso para evitar su destrucción. Además del patrimonio artístico, cuyo valor convencional es obvio, las ciudades disponen de gran cantidad de construcciones menores, anónimas, prosaicas, que tienen un enorme potencial de reutilización. Existen casos notables de infraestructuras obsoletas (puentes, túneles, depósitos, artefactos industriales) que mediante la reprogramación funcional y cierta elaboración material son puestas en valor, aprovechando las posibilidades intrínsecas de construcciones no concebidas para albergar espacios habitables, pero que disponen de excepcionales cualidades estructurales y espaciales Constituyen el tejido productivo de las ciudades, y son parte de su historia, reconocible por generaciones. Su reutilización constituye una capa adicional de significado cultural que puede enriquecer y dar complejidad a la historia y patrimonio locales. Restoring the value of material heritage is the first step towards preventing its destruction. Apart from artistic heritage, whose conventional value is obvious, cities have a large number of minor, anonymous, prosaic constructions which have an enormous potential for reuse. There are noteworthy cases of obsolete infrastructures (bridges, tunnels, deposits, industrial artefacts) which can have their value brought back by means of functional reprogramming and some material preparation, taking advantage of the intrinsic possibilities of constructions not conceived for containing inhabitable spaces, but which have outstanding structural and spatial qualities. These constitute the production fabric of cities and are part of their history, recognisable for generations. Their reuse constitutes a further stratum of cultural significance which may enrich and give complexity to local history and heritage.

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    Authors: Ariza Coy, Diana Lorena; González Castaño, Ivonne Melisa; Rodríguez Cascavita, Ángela Viviana;

    La responsabilidad social empresarial tiene dos posturas, la primera es aquella que se basa en realizar acciones de filantropía con la intención de mejorar la imagen de la empresa y su posicionamiento en el mercado. La segunda es la que se presenta de una forma integral, en la cual las preocupaciones sociales, expresadas por los diferentes grupos de interés, se encuentran integradas a los diversos aspectos que conforman la actividad de la empresa, como el modelo de negocios, la estrategia, la visión, los bienes o servicios que ofrece, entre otros. (Raufflet, 2017). Por lo mencionado anteriormente, se evidencia que la responsabilidad social empresarial abarca varios componentes, necesarios para el desarrollo competitivo de una empresa, hoy en día. La gestión ambiental se posiciona como el componente más importante de la RSE y es por medio de esta, que se genera un impacto que se refleja en los demás componentes. Corporate social responsibility has two positions, the first is one that is based on taking philanthropic actions with the intention of improving the image of the company and its position in the market. The second is the one that is presented in a comprehensive way, in which the social concerns expressed by the different interest groups are integrated into the various aspects that make up the company's activity, such as the business model, the strategy , the vision, the goods or services it offers, among others. (Raufflet, 2017). From the aforementioned, it is evident that corporate social responsibility encompasses several components, necessary for the competitive development of a company, today. Environmental management is positioned as the most important component of CSR and it is through this that an impact is generated that is reflected in the other components. Especialista en Gerencia de Proyectos

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    Authors: Buitrago Avellaneda, Cristian camilo; Barragan Salas, Carolina; Rodriguez Aldana, Marcela; Esteban Lizarazo, Holman;

    En el mundo empresarial, durante varios años, se le ha apostado a varias iniciativas de la toma de conciencia responsable; el objetivo de este estudio es determinar, cómo la decisión de compra de los consumidores se ve influenciada por aquellos atributos de los empaques de alimentos, cuyo propósito es contribuir con el medio ambiente; bajo este contexto se identificó como los intereses de un grupo de consumidores que se inclinan hacia la sostenibilidad son influenciados por las características de los empaques de los productos; la pregunta de investigación se responde a través de una exploración de tipo cuantitativa, realizando encuestas online y que con los resultados se logró identificar como el material del empaque, certificados de calidad, procesos productivos, entre otros, influencian al consumidor de manera positiva en la decisión de compra. In the business world, for several years, he has bet on several initiatives of responsible awareness; The objective of this study is to determine how the consumer purchase decision is influenced by those attributes of food packaging, whose purpose is to contribute to the environment; Under this context, it was identified how the interests of a group of consumers who are inclined towards sustainability are influenced by the characteristics of the product packaging; The research question is answered through a quantitative exploration, conducting online surveys and that with the results it was possible to identify how the packaging material, quality certificates, production processes, among others, influence the consumer in a positive way in the purchase decision. Especialista en Gerencia de Mercadeo

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    Authors: 662932; BIRRUETA FLORES, GRACIELA;

    En la actualidad los residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) conforman un grave problema, ya que se tiene un manejo ineficiente de ellos lo que puede traer consigo grandes impactos en los aspectos sociales, ambientales y económicos que en conjunto repercuten en la imagen urbana de la ciudad y en la salud de sus habitantes. De acuerdo a la Ley General para la Prevención y Gestión Integral de Residuos LGPGIR (2003), los RSU son los generados en las casas habitación, que resultan de la eliminación de los materiales que utilizan en sus actividades domésticas. Currently, urban solid waste (MSW) is a serious problem, as it has an inefficient management of them, which can have great impacts on social, environmental and economic aspects that together have an impact on the urban image of the city. and on the health of its inhabitants. According to the General Law for the Prevention and Integral Management of Residues LGPGIR (2003), the RSU are those generated in the houses, which result from the elimination of the materials used in their domestic activities.

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    La era digital ha supuesto una revolución en la vida de millones de personas. En la actualidad, se observa cómo el desarrollo tecnológico está afectando la sostenibilidad social de las ciudades en temas como exclusión, individualismo o gentrificación. En contraposición, dicha tecnología aplicada de manera transversal genera inclusión, diversidad y sentimiento de comunidad. Este artículo afronta el tema de la vivienda colaborativa, entendida como un proceso participativo, extendido más allá de las fases de proyecto y construcción, hacia la gestión y uso de los espacios que, gracias a las tecnologías digitales, favorece su sostenibilidad social. The digital age has revolutionized the lives of millions of people. At present, it is observed how technological development is affecting the social sustainability of cities in issues such as exclusion, individualism or gentrification. In contrast, this technology applied in a transversal way generates inclusion, diversity and a communuty feeling. This article addresses the issue of collaborative housing, understood as a participatory process, extended beyond the project and construction phases, towards the management and use of spaces that, thanks to digital technologies, favor their social sustainability.

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    Authors: Hogenboom, Bárbara; Baud, Michiel; de Castro, Fabio;

    América Latina juega un papel importante en relación con la Gobernanza Ambiental. El conocimiento generado por estudios empíricos y teóricos sobre los desafíos ambientales del presente pueden apoyar los renovados esfuerzos de la región por alcanzar un uso de los recursos naturales que sea equitativo y sustentable. A pesar de que los vínculos entre las dimensiones social y ambiental han sido explorados por la academia desde los años noventa, las nuevas tendencias de la Gobernanza Ambiental en América Latina requieren una aproximación analítica comprehensiva. Los autores argumentan que, a fin de potenciar las “perspectivas latinoamericanas” para la solución de los dilemas socioambientales, algunas corrientes de investigación deben juntarse en marcos analíticos integradores que puedan generar complejas preguntas relacionadas con las interacciones a múltiples niveles entre Estado, sociedad civil y actores de mercado. Latin America plays an important international role with regard to environmental governance. Knowledge generated by empirical and theoretical studies on environmental challenges can support the renewed efforts in the region to achieve equitable and sustainable natural resource use. Although linkages be-tween social and environmental dimensions have been academically explored since the 1990s new trends in environmental governance in Latin America deserve a comprehensive analytical approach. The authors argue that in or-der to enhance “Latin American perspectives” to solving socio-environmental dilemmas, several research streams need to be brought together in integrative frameworks that can address complex questions related to interactions between state, civil society and market actors on multiple scales.

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    El desarrollo de los proyectos de infraestructuras requiere el análisis y selección de varias alternativas que pueden dar solución al problema planteado. Para llevar a cabo este proceso desde un punto de vista sostenible, en primer lugar, es necesario considerar todos los criterios o requerimientos de sostenibilidad que pueden intervenir en el proyecto, así como todas las alternativas que dan cumplimiento a dichos requerimientos. De igual forma, es necesario determinar la importancia relativa de los criterios de selección y valorar dicha importancia relativa a través de la ponderación de criterios. Por otra parte, la selección de alternativas suele producirse en un entorno de incertidumbre, la cual aumenta la complejidad de las decisiones a adoptar. Los métodos de decisión multicriterio son herramientas que ayudan en el proceso de selección de alternativas, al proporcionar un proceso sistemático en la toma de decisión, lo cual, reduce la subjetividad del decisor y permite valorar de manera cuantitativa cada alternativa según los criterios de selección. Pero los métodos de decisión multicriterio tienen ciertas limitaciones e inconvenientes, entre éstas hay que destacar que la mayor parte de ellos no consideran la correlación entre las variables que intervienen en el proceso. Por ello, en el capítulo correspondiente se hace una revisión de los métodos de decisión multicriterio, indicando sus ventajas, inconvenientes y principales aplicaciones. En la presente investigación se identifican, en un primer momento los criterios de sostenibilidad que intervienen en el proceso de selección de alternativas, y posteriormente se profundiza en el estudio, aplicación y desarrollo de una metodología de decisión basada en la determinación de cercanía o menor distancia a la denomina “solución ideal”, entendida ésta como una solución ficticia que es la que mejor se comporta para cada criterio de decisión. Se trata de determinar la alternativa cuya distancia matemática a la solución ideal sea la menor posible, y obtener una clasificación de alternativas en función de dicha distancia, ordenadas de la menor a mayor distancia a la solución ideal. Para considerar la correlación entre variables, se propone una metodología de decisión basada en el concepto de distancia a la “solución ideal” medida a través de la distancia de Mahalanobis, la cual tiene dos particularidades: considera la correlación entre variables y es invariante a la escala. La metodología desarrollada consiste en una modificación del método de decisión multicriterio VIKOR aplicando la distancia de Mahalanobis para el cálculo de los valores S o R del método VIKOR tradicional. Cualquier metodología basada en un método de decisión multicriterio debe ser verificada mediante un análisis de robustez y un análisis de sensibilidad, siendo el primero de ellos el que determina la validez del modelo para que la solución óptima lo sea realmente entre un conjunto de soluciones. Mientras que el análisis de sensibilidad tiene como objetivo estudiar y descubrir el grado de sensibilidad de la solución óptima ante cambios en los factores o criterios esenciales. Para analizar la estabilidad de las soluciones proporcionadas por la metodología desarrollada se realiza un análisis de sensibilidad consistente en modificar la ponderación inicial de los criterios de selección y determinar el número de cambios que se producen en la clasificación de alternativas y, de esta forma determinar el criterio con mayor coeficiente relativo de sensibilidad. Por último, la metodología de selección desarrollada se aplica a la selección de alternativas de dos tipos de infraestructuras diferentes. En primer lugar, a la selección de alternativas de tipologías muros de contención en infraestructuras lineales, por el gran impacto medioambiental que tienen sobre el entorno, tanto visual como de barrera. Y, en segundo lugar, a la selección de la localización de aparcamientos disuasorios, al ser una infraestructura determinante en los planes de movilidad urbana y en el establecimiento de medidas de restricción del tráfico en el centro de las grandes ciudades para la reducción de emisiones de gases contaminantes. Modern infrastructure projects require the analysis and selection of the best solution from several alternatives which are a valid solution to the problem posed. To carry out this process from a sustainable point of view, it is first of all essential to consider all the sustainability requirements that may be relevant in the project, in order to develop all the feasible alternatives that comply with these requirements. At the same time, it is crucial to determine the relative importance of the selection criteria and to assess this relative importance considering the weighting of criteria. On the other hand, the selection of alternatives usually takes place in an environment of uncertainty, which increases the complexity of the decisions to be taken. Multicriteria decision methods are tools that help in the process of selecting alternatives by providing a systematic decision-making process. The use of these methods reduces the subjectivity of the decision-maker and allows each alternative to be evaluated quantitatively, according to the set of selection criteria. However, multicriteria decision methods have certain limitations and drawbacks, among which it should be noted that most of them do not consider specifically the correlation between the variables considered in the process. For this reason, all multi-criteria decision methods are studied in a specific chapter, stating their advantages, disadvantages and main applications. This research starts by identifying the sustainability criteria involved in the process of selecting alternatives, and then continues with the study, application and development of a decision methodology based on the determination of proximity (shortest distance) to the socalled "ideal solution", understood as a fictitious solution which performs best for each decision criterion. The aim is to determine the alternative whose mathematical distance to the ideal solution is the smallest possible, and to obtain a ranking of alternatives according to this distance, ordered from the shortest to the longest distance to the ideal solution. To consider the correlation between variables- in the process, a decision methodology is proposed based on the concept of distance to the "ideal solution", measured through the Mahalanobis distance, which has the particularity that, in addition to considering the correlation between variables, it is invariant to scale. Thus, the proposed methodology consists of a modification of the VIKOR multi-criteria decision method by applying the Mahalanobis distance to calculate the values of S or R variables of the traditional VIKOR method. Any methodology based on a multicriteria decision method must be verified using both a robustness and a sensitivity analysis, in which the former will determine the validity of the model so that the optimal solution is indeed optimal among a given set of solutions. The latter sensitivity analysis aims to study and discover the degree of sensitivity of the optimal solution to changes in the essential factors or criteria. To analyze the stability of the solutions provided by the methodology developed, a sensitivity analysis is carried out, consisting of modifying the initial weighting of the selection criteria and determining the number of changes that occur in the ranking of alternatives and, in this way, determining the criterion with the highest relative sensitivity coefficient. Finally, the original proposed methodology is applied to the selection of alternatives for two different infrastructure types. First, to the selection of best alternative for retaining wall typologies in linear infrastructures, due to the considerable environmental impact they have on the surroundings, both visually and as a barrier. Second, to the selection of the optimal location of park and ride infrastructures, as they are a key infrastructure in urban mobility plans and in the establishment of traffic restriction measures in city centers of large metropolitan areas, when seeking to reduce pollutant gas emissions. Tesis Univ. Granada.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
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