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The importance of developing a risk management methodology for the development of the renewable energy sector in Russia is justified. The stages of researches on the problem of risk assessments and management in renewable energy in MSU since 2015 are considered. The results are described: a list of risk factors and methods of managing them by using different kinds of renewable energy sources; internal and external components of risk factors that depend and not depend on the developers of RE projects are identified. The author's methodology for assessing resource risks level in the solar energy industry based on the calculation of the variability of the statistical parameters of insolation is presented.

На русском: [Шевченко В.В., Лизан И.Я., Михальченко А.Г. Основы построения комплексной системы обучения и подготовки специалистов по основам энергосбережения // Труды VI международного научно-методического симпозиума "Современные проблемы многоуровневого образования" (29.09-06.10.2011, Донской государственный технический университет). - Российская Федерация, Ростов-на-Дону: Издательский центр ДГТУ, 2011. - С. 34-40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2532861] Описаны технологии опережающего профессионального образования и практические моменты подготовки студентов по вопросам энергосбережения. Ключевые слова: педагогика, энергосбережение, культура энергосбережения, профессиональная подготовка. Репозиторий НТУ "ХПИ" - открыть pdf In English: [Shevchenko Valentina V., Lizan I.Ya., Mikhalchenko A.G. (2011) Basics of building an integrated system of education and training of specialists on the basics of energy saving (rus.) / Proceedings of the VI International Scientific and Methodological Symposium "Modern Problems of Multi-Level Education" (09/29-06/10/2011, Donskoy State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation), pp. 34-40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2532861] Technologies of advanced professional education and practical aspects of preparing students for energy saving are described. Keywords: pedagogy, energy saving, energy saving culture.

In the paper we emphasize that the main problems in human development (energy, ecology, food), in the first place, are typical for the food production sector and their solutions are connected with searching for fundamentally new approaches at the thermal processing of raw materials. Prospects of electro-technologies of the targeted energy delivery to single elements of food raw materials are substantiated. Hypotheses for the energy effective processes of dehydration, extraction and inactivation of microorganisms are formulated. On the base of the literature sources analyses and our study of the electromagnetic field interaction with food raw materials, the dimensionless complex – the number of energy action is offered. That number is used for the evaluation of mass-transfer processes energy and its kinetics. The modeling results of analytical and experimental processes for drying and pasteurization processes are represented. The steps of energy conversion in drying technologies are considered. Показано, что основные проблемы развития человечества (энергия, экология, пища) в первую очередь характерны для пищевых отраслей, а их решение связано с поиском принципиально новых подходов к термической обработке сырья. Обоснованы перспективы электротехнологий адресной доставки энергии к отдельным элементам пищевого сырья. Сформулированы гипотезы энергоэффективных процессов обезвоживания, экстрагирования и инактивации микроорганизмов. На основе критического анализа литературных источников и исследования механизмов взаимодействия электромагнитного поля с пищевым сырьем предложен безразмерный комплекс – число энергетического воздействия. Это число использовано для оценки энергетики процессов массопереноса и их кинетики. Представлены результаты аналитического и экспериментального моделирования процессов сушки и пастеризации. Рассмотрены этапы конверсии энергии в сушильных технологиях.

The Republic of Kalmykia is rich in solar energy, where the sun shines for more than three-quarters of a year. In addition to solar energy, wind energy can be used in the region. Since agriculture is the major branch of the economy in the Republic, waste from it can be used as biogas. This paper discusses the use of renewable energy sources in protected areas where additional noise devices and aggregates cannot be used. Also, the use of high-voltage power lines can lead to fires, and they occupy part of the useful area of nature reserves, so additional maintenance is required. To solve this problem, we analyzed the current state of the reserve for the protection of saiga lands in Kalmykia. The questions of insolation depending on the seasons and day-night characteristics are also investigated. The materials were the results of expedition routes conducted in recent years in the Black Lands reserve, data from cordons. The obtained materials will make it possible to use non-traditional types of energy for lighting cordons, hunting and tourist areas, in particular, the use of solar modules of different designs. To promote specially protected areas and the use of solar energy.

На русском: [Шевченко В.В., Лизан И.Я. Анализ и предложения по организации подготовки инженеров – преподавателей - электроэнергетиков в Украине // Электрика (ISSN 1684-2472), № 1. – Российская Федерация, Москва: ООО "Наука и технологии", 2012. - С. 42-47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2536662] Состояние энергетики в современном мире требует непрерывного исследования и внедрения новых технологий. Развитие любой отрасли определяется уровнем подготовки кадров. Поэтому особое внимание следует уделять профессиональной компетенции будущих инженеров-энергетиков-преподавателей, определению роли практической направленности их подготовки, контролю их знаний, умению видеть технические проблемы, разрешать их с учетом современных возможностей науки и техники. Ключевые слова: электроэнергетика, инженерная педагогика, профессиональная компетентность, инновационная проектная деятельность, энергосбережение. Репозиторий НТУ "ХПИ" - открыть pdf. РИНЦ (elibrary.ru): сборник, статья In English: [Shevchenko Valentina V., Lizan I.Ya. (2012) Analysis and proposals on the organization of the training of engineers-electrics-teachers in Ukraine (rus.) / Elektrika (ISSN 1684-2472), 1, pp. 42-47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2536662] The state of energy in a modern world requires continuous research and introduction of new technologies. Development of any industry is determined by the level of the personnel training. So it is necessary to spare the special attention to professional jurisdiction of future engineers-electrics-teachers, to determination of role of practical orientation of their preparation control of their knowledge, ability to see technical problems, settle them taking into account modern possibilities of science and technique. Keywords: electroenergetics, engineering pedagogies, professional competence, innovative project activity, energy saving.

The aim of the article is a quantitative assessment of the influence of non-condensable gases on the intensity of heat and mass transfer processes during film condensation of steam in the specific conditions for heat exchanger. The task is achieved by conducting experimental research of heat and mass transfer processes in film condensation of steam in the presence of non-condensable gases.The study was carried out by the method of stationary heat flow on an experimental kettle with a jacket (0,02 m3 capacity), industrial cooking boilers (0,04 m3 and 0,06 m3 capacity). Cylindrical kettles with a hemispherical and elliptical bottom were selected as the condensation surface. The results of the experiments are presented in the form of a criterion equation for determining the mass transfer coefficient for vapor concentration diffusion. When the concentration of a non-condensable gas reaches 40% an intensification of the resulting heat transfer coefficient from the vapor-gas mixture to the condensation surface is observed. The coefficient of heat transfer to the condensation surface depends on the concentration of non-condensable gases in the apparatus cavity. The results of the research indicate that it is possible to improve the heat exchangers with a jacket and allow an assessment of the heat input when removing the gas mixture from the jacket in the heating mode of the cookers at the design stage. Material research allows to develop automatiс systems and control parameters in the operation of apparatus with a jacket

Climate change in the world is affecting the growing shortage of fresh water. States in the Mediterranean region that have already experienced the effects of these changes need to take the climate factor into account when managing water resources. Using the example of the Republic of Cyprus, specific adaptation measures were studied and evaluated on the basis of their effectiveness, sustainability in the face of climate change uncertainty and their sustainability in the environmental, socio-economic sectors, as well as potential barriers and risks associated with the implementation of adaptation. The presented review showed that many of the measures taken, which are considered to address the impact of climate change on water resources, increase the adaptive capacity of the water sector, but its overall vulnerability remains high, as water demand is still not met in certain areas and / or for certain uses during a drought.

The errors between the design parameters and experiment data of the power transformer in idle mode can reach 15-20% or more, because engineering techniques do not take into account in full all factors. Therefore, the aim of the work is to develop improved circuit models, which are interconnected with spatial electromagnetic field models. These models consider the active part design of the transformer, the hysteresis of the nonlinear magnetic properties of electrical steel, asymmetry and non-sinusoidal phase-to-phase currents and provide high accuracy determination of rated idling parameters of transformer. To research the idle mode of transformer, the circuit models were conjugated with 3D and 2D magnetic field models. Their numerical implementation was carried out by means of finite element method on the example of a three-phase power transformer (10 kVA, 380/220 V). The reduction of the computational time was performed by doubling cancellation of the volume of 3D three-phase transformer domain and the conformal transition to the 2D geometric domain. Determination of the effective magnetic characteristics of electrical steel according to single-phase idling experiment data, allows to take into account the combined effect of hysteresis and eddy currents, design and technological factors on the specific losses and magnetization power. This ensures high accuracy of the description of the interrelation between magnetic flux density and magnetic field strength, reducing of current error and relative errors in the calculation of idling losses up to 1.41% and 1.2% for the 3D model and up to 5.18% and 3.2% for the 2D model.