• Energy Research
• Open Access close
• Closed Access close
• 12. Responsible consumption close
• 8. Economic growth close
• 1. No poverty close
• Russian close

The articles analyses the conditions of regional employment, discovers the character of the interaction of the labor market and employment, clarifies the most important directions and possibilities of the problem solutions in the NCFD republics. In a regional context, notably the social factors impact on the employment of: progress and quality of life; social, life, employment guidelines; degree of development of the level of education, professional skills of the working population, the degree of achievement of the regional authorities in addressing the issues of social security and protection of the population, including through the budgets of the regions and local areas. В статье анализируется состояние региональной трудозанятости, раскрывается характер взаимодействия рынка труда и занятости, уточнены наиболее важные направления и возможности решения проблем в республиках СКФО. В региональном аспекте особо следует выделить факторы социального воздействия на трудозанятость: достигнутый уровень и качество жизни; социальные, жизненные, трудовые ориентиры; степень развития уровня образованности, профессиональной грамотности трудоспособного населения, степень достижений региональных властей в решении вопросов социальной обеспеченности и защиты населения, в том числе и через бюджеты регионов и местных территорий.

Tariffs for energy and energy resources are the main factors determining the sustainable development of the economy. The aim of the paper is to determine and compare the dynamics evolution of the tariffs for thermal energy and the evolution of the gross domestic product (GDP).The data on the heat consumption and tariff change in the city of Chisinau were examined in monetary terms and in relative units compared to the base year 2009. The higher the tariffs, the more part of the GDP, characterized in the economy by the volume of "Output", is spent on "Intermediate consumption (PP)". The difference between "Output" and "Intermediate consumption" volumes is the "gross added value (VAB)", which is the main component of GDP. The analysis of the changes in the real GDP volume of the Republic of Moldova and the increase of the tariffs for the years 2009-2017 (taking into account the GDP forecast for 2018) show that the increase in the tariffs for thermal energy significantly exceeded the real GDP growth. Considering that the planned GDP growth is 4,7% and taking into account the change in the consumer price index (inflation rate), the calculated reduction of the thermal energy tariff in Chisinau is estimated at 28% compared to the existing value, so to 803 lei / Gcal compared to the currently regulated value of 1122 lei / Gcal. The conclusion was reached on the opportunity of applying the proposed methodology to justify current tariffs and in the near future not only extends to thermal energy tariffs, but also for other types of energy, material resources and services in the field of production and social sphere.

In the contemporary world, the anthropogenic effect is increasing. At the same time, the quality of life of the population is strongly associated with the environmental quality, as there is growing understanding that rising economic income does not ensure the humanity’s well-being. In this regard, issues connected with analysing the influence of the anthropogenic factor on changes in the quality of the life of the population become relevant. We believe that existing approaches to assessing the quality of life poorly reflect the current situation related to the speed of the environmental changes due to an increase in the scale and intensity of its pollution. Therefore, for assessing the quality of life, we suggest taking into account the environmental and energy components of the anthropogenic factor. To this end, the classification of anthropogenic factors is supplemented by the “industrial production” group, distinguished by the “source of impact” indicator, which allows analysing the group’s influence on changing parameters of the quality of life of the population. The methodological basis of the study is a comprehensive approach to assessing the quality of life. Based on it, we structured the stages of the evolution of approaches to measuring and assessing the quality of life of the population. Moreover, we described key features of these approaches, and identified the fourth stage that substantiates the priority of environmental and energy criteria in assessing the quality of life. We propose to improve the methodology for assessing the quality of life of the population by introducing additional environmental and energy characteristics. The article presents the results of using this improved methodology. We tested it on the examples of the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions. The obtained values of the integral indicators of the quality of life of the population show that the Sverdlovsk region has lower index values. That happened due to a more developed industrial sector and, as a result, the more deteriorated environmental situation. The proposed methodology for assessing the quality of life of the population can be used by regional leaders for making decisions related to the regional development aimed at improving the quality of life of the population. © 2019 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Рассмотрена систематизация подходов к определению и оценке качества жизни. Показаны этапы эволюции подходов к измерению и оценке качества жизни населения. Проанализировано влияние антропогенных факторов промышленного производства на качество жизни населения Свердловской Челябинской областей.

One of the important problems of the environmental economics is the development of methodology for quantifying the assimilative capacity (AC) of a territory. The article analyzes the existing approaches to determining and assessing the AC of a territory. We justify the advantages of using the energy approach. The authors' method consists in using the maximum permissible energy load (MPEL) for quantitative assessment of the AC of a territory. MPEL is a value that the ecological and economic system can withstand for a long time without changing its properties. We determine MPEL on the basis of data on the ability of various categories of land to absorb greenhouse gases (GHG), as well as the specific GHG emissions per ton of conventional fuel. Further, we compare the calculated value of MPEL in fuel equivalents with the actual consumption of fuel resources for the needs of the national economy. These values ratio can serve as a standard for measuring and balancing the environmental and economic system. The authors have validated the described method on the example of the Sverdlovsk region, which is characterized by a high level of man's impact. Calculations show that the actual consumption of fossil fuels in the region exceeds MPEL. That indicates an imbalance in the ecological and economic system and may lead to further deterioration of the environmental quality in the region. The proposed methodological approach and calculations can be used when developing strategic planning documents for a territory, including its energy strategy. Рассмотрены существующие подходы к определению и оценке ассимиляционного потенциала территории. Предложен методический подход, особенностью, которого является применение для количественной оценки ассимиляционного потенциала территории предельно допустимой энергетической нагрузки, которую может на протяжении длительного времени переносить эколого-экономическая система без нарушения своих основных свойств. Апробация методики расчета предельно-допустимой энергетической нагрузки проведена на примере Свердловской области, территория которой подвергается высокому антропогенному воздействию.

В материалах статьи представлены результаты исследования динамики, масштабов и структуры потребления энергоресурсов и электрической энергии в различных мировых континентах и крупнейших странах мира, с выявлением основных тенденций, а также оценкой факторов, влияющих на возникновение таких изменений. В материалах показано, что показатели различия объемов годового потребления энергоресурсов и электроэнергии странами мира могут достигать десяток или сотен крат, что связано с различием масштабов экономик и уровнем экономического развития. Построенная диаграмма показателей объемов потребления энергоресурсов и ВВП по ППС в странах мира позволяет констатировать факт прямой зависимости между данными показателями. Показано, что чем больше экономика производит валового внутреннего продукта, тем больше она обрабатывает сырья и оказывает услуг, что, следовательно, сопровождается потреблением энергетических ресурсов и электрической энергии. Различие характеристик общего потребления энергетических ресурсов и электрической энергии в странах мира определяет необходимость реализации дифференцированного подхода к управлению топливно-энергетическими комплексами и процессами повышения энергетической эффективности. В рамках статистических данных различных стран мира показано, что характеристики потребления первичных энергетических ресурсов, используемых на выработку электроэнергии значительно отличаются между собой не только в рамках какого-то статического периода, но и в динамике отражающей изменение структуры общего спроса в странах. В процессе развития энергетической политики различных стран мира необходимо учитывать ряд важнейших факторов, прежде всего связанных с масштабами потребления энергоресурсов, структурой ТЭР, динамикой изменения потребления энергоресурсов в различных периодах, а также с учетом факторов, влияющих на такую динамику. Качество формирования энергетической политики, нормативно-правовых актов регулирующих потребление энергоресурсов имеет прямое влияние на уровень экономического развития каждой страны мира и отдельного территориального образования. The article presents the results of a study of the dynamics, scale and structure of energy and electricity consumption in various continents and major countries of the world, identifying the main trends, as well as assessing the factors influencing the occurrence of such changes. The materials show that the indicators of the difference in the volume of annual consumption of energy resources and electricity by countries of the world can reach tens or hundreds of times, which is due to the difference in the scale of economies and the level of economic development. The constructed diagram of indicators of energy consumption and GDP by PPP in the countries of the world allows us to state a direct relationship between these indicators. It is shown that the more the economy produces gross domestic product, the more it processes raw materials and provides services, which, therefore, is accompanied by the consumption of energy resources and electrical energy. The difference in the characteristics of the total consumption of energy resources and electric energy in the countries of the world determines the need to implement a differentiated approach to the management of fuel and energy complexes and energy efficiency improvement processes. Within the framework of statistical data from various countries of the world, it is shown that the characteristics of consumption of primary energy resources used for electricity generation differ significantly not only within a static period, but also in dynamics reflecting changes in the structure of total demand in countries. In the process of developing energy policy in various countries of the world, it is necessary to take into account a number of important factors, primarily related to the scale of energy consumption, the structure of the fuel and energy complex, the dynamics of changes in energy consumption in different periods, as well as taking into account factors affecting such dynamics. The quality of the formation of energy policy, regulatory legal acts regulating the consumption of energy resources has a direct impact on the level of economic development of each country in the world and a separate territorial entity.

Energy spent by workers engaged in the basic departments of a coke-chemical plant during working hours and performing operations after the Douglas-Holdeine method was measured and total energy expenditures during separate periods of the day and as a whole determined. Depending upon their jobs the energy spent by the workers during working hours varies within a range of 825 to 1860 Kcal. The energy expenditure during the time outside work, including sleep, amounts to from 1482 up to 1756 Kcal. As concerns the calorific requirements of their alimentation the workers of coke-chemical industry are subdivided into 5 groups of labour-intensity within an interval of from 2500 to 3600 kcal (for men) and from 2200 to 3100 kcal (for women).

На первых этапах трудовой деятельности молодые инженеры (вчерашние выпускники-бакалавры) испытывают трудности в решении профессиональных задач из-за отсутствия практического опыта работ на производстве. Разработка модели формирования практико-ориентированных компетенций у бакалавров-инженеров позволит разработать основную образовательную программу с учетом требований, предъявляемых федеральными государственными образовательными и профессиональными стандартами. В данной работе на примере подготовки бакалавров по направлению 15.03.04 «Автоматизация технологических процессов и производств» приведено сопоставление соответствующих обобщенных трудовых функций профессиональных стандартов (ПС) и видов профессиональной деятельности федерального государственного образовательного стандарта (ФГОС). В результате проведенного сопоставления выявлена необходимость участия потенциальных работодателей при разработке основной образовательной программы при ее реализации, приведены рекомендации для формирования практико-ориентированных компетенций у бакалавров-инженеров, что приведет к повышению качества образования. At the beginning of their work professional career young engineers (graduates with a Bachelor’s degree) face difficulties in professional tasks solving due to the lack of practical experience. The development of a practically oriented competences formation model for the engineers with a Bachelor’s degree will allow the creation of principal educational program taking into account Federal state educational and occupational standards requirements. A comparison of the corresponding generalized labour functions in occupational standards and the types of professional activity in the Federal state educational standard is given in this paper in the context of 15.03.04 “Technological processes and production automation” concerning Bachelors’ training. As a result, the necessity of potential employers’ participation in principal educational program development and implementation is revealed. Some recommendations are given about how to develop practically oriented competences in engineers with a Bachelor’s so as to improve the quality of education.

The aggravation of global problems of the mankind caused the contradictions in social development. Current social situation demands the professional activity of specially trained people social workers. Professional activity of social workers depends on the quality of their training in the system of continuing education. The consideration of the matter supposes the analysis of the theoretical approaches suggested by domestic scientists that describe the historical aspects of the creation of the training system of social workers, the quality of preparation, competence measurement criteria of social workers in continuing education. The presented article is a theoretical one as it is aimed at the search of scientific approaches and defines the prospects of their experimental confirmation. Обострение глобальных проблем человечества обусловило противоречия социального развития. Сложившаяся ситуация требует профессионального вмешательства специально подготовленных людей социальных работников. Профессиональная деятельность социальных работников зависит от качества их подготовки в системе непрерывного образования. Рассмотрение данного вопроса предполагает изучение теоретических подходов отечественных ученых, раскрывающих исторические аспекты создания системы подготовки специалистов социальной работы, качество подготовки, критерии измерения компетенции в системе непрерывной подготовки социальных работников. Представленная статья носит теоретический характер, так как предполагает поиск научных подходов и определяет перспективы их экспериментального подтверждения.

The purpose of the work was to study the basic constructional, energetic and technological features of electrochemical reactors (activators) used in processing of whey – a dairy by-product, but also a biologically very valuable liquid. The choice of optimal regimes for processing of various types of whey is specified, aimed at raising the efficiency of isolation of whey protein fractions in the protein-mineral concentrates while reducing energy intensity. It is also demonstrated that it is necessary to reasonably select such constructional features of electro activators as the distance between the electrodes and between the electrodes and the membrane as well as their geometric shape so as to avoid appearance of “dead” areas and to assure a high efficiency of the process. It was also important to find the most appropriate option of electric parameters and processing regimes (periodic or continuous). Besides, the account was taken of the ratio of the whey volume to the main electrode area; of the membrane type; of the initial content of dry matter in each whey type, i.e., its protein compositions; the concentration and composition of the anodic (secondary) liquid. The results of the investigation are of importance in the development of a wasteless technology of by-products processing.