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Several baseline data of natural forest carbon stock is needed to support REDD+ (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Degradation+) implementation as a mitigation effort for climate change issue in Indonesia. According to IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Guidelines 2006, carbon stock calculation should be measurable, transparent, verifiable and consistent through time. At sub-national level, Java Island especially natural forest ecosystem is often overlooked by REDD+ scientists implying that the data and information on carbon stock of natural forest ecosystem in Java Island is still limited. The research has been conducted in sub montane primary forest in conservation area of Mount Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS) with the objective to estimate the 5 carbon pools at TNGHS. Twenty seven-plots of 20x20 meters were built in the field. Measurement of forest carbon pools was done for above ground, belowground (root), understorey and necromass at primary forest with high and low canopy density. The research showed that TNGHS has a quite high carbon stock potency as followings: aboveground 139.326 tonC/ha, belowground (root) 39.011 tonC/ha, understorey 1,971 tonC/ha and necromass 5.77 tonC/ha. Average of biomass and stand carbon stock in primary forest of TNGHS were 364.503 ton/ha dan 185.177 tonC/ha, respectively. This study recommends to use allometric equation developed by Chave et al. (2005) to estimate forest stand biomass potency at TNGHS.

120405095 Penelitian tentang pembuatan biogas dari sampah organik dan kotoran sapi terhadap pengaruh penambahan trace metal (nikel, cobalt) telah selesai dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan trace metal (nikel, cobalt) terhadap kinerja digester anaerobik dalam perolehan biogas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mencampurkan sampah organik dan kotoran sapi yang diblender menggunakan air dengan perbandingan 1:1:2 (w:w:v) dan dioperasikan di dalam digester berukuran 5L dengan volume isian sebesar 4L secara batch selama 30 hari dengan kondisi pH dijaga konstan 6,5-7,5 pada suhu ruangan 25-30 oC. Variasi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penambahan nikel sebanyak 0,245 mg/L, penambahan cobalt sebanyak 0,245 mg/L dan kombinasi nikel dan cobalt masing-masing 0,25 mg/L. Adapun parameter yang diamati setiap hari yaitu volume biogas dan suhu, parameter yang dianalisa sekali dalam dua hari yaitu chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solid, volatile suspended solid dan pH. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh volume biogas terbesar dengan penambahan cobalt sebesar 85 ml/hari, % reduksi COD sebesar 46,48% , % reduksi TSS sebesar 88,78% dan VSS sebesar 16.540 mg/L. The research on biogas production from organic waste and manure to the effect of trace metal (nickel, cobalt) has been done. The objective of this study was to discover the effect of trace metals nickel, cobalt on the performance of biogas anaerobic digester in the acquisition of the raw material organic waste and cow dung. Organic waste and cow dung were blended using water at a ratio of 1:1:2 (w:w:v) and operated in the digester sized 5L with stuffing volume of 4L as batch for 30 days with conditions held constant of pH 6.5-7, 5. This research was conducted with a variety of trace addition of nickel metal as much as 0.245 mg/L, the addition of trace metal cobalt as much as 0.245 mg/L and the combination of nickel and cobalt respectively 0.25 mg/L. As for some of the parameters was observed every day, such as biogas volume and temperature, the parameters are analyzed every 2 days of fermentation such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS) and pH. In the study conducted acquired the largest biogas volumes per day with the addition of trace metal cobalt amount of 85 ml, percentage of COD removal by 46,48%, TSS remove percentage obtained was 88,78% and volatile suspended solid as much as 16.540 mg/L.

Silk worms is one kind of natural food like fish larvae because they contain good nutrients for the growth of fish larvae. This study aims to determine the appropriate amount of fertilizer and the implementation of systems of recirculation to the growth of silk worms. The research was conducted on July 29 to September 18, 2016 placed in a field laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine University of Riau. The media used is in the form of sludge reservoirs, dedek smooth, tofu, chicken manure and EM4. While the materials used are silk worms obtained from collectors. Experimental method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 levels of the factor treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments used: P0: without the use of chicken manure, P1: 500 g of chicken manure / 0.098 m2, P2: 600 g of chicken manure / 0.098 m2, and P3: 700 g of chicken manure / 0.098 m2. The data observed is the growth of biomass weight, average length, and water quality. The results of this study with the treatment of chicken manure fertilizer of different very significant effect (P 0.05). The average length of the highest in treatment P2 (1.83 cm). Water quality measured during the study was the temperature (25-29˚C), pH (6-7), dissolved oxygen (6,0-6,5 ppm), and CO2-free (2,0-3,5 ppm). From this study it can be concluded that giving different chicken manure can affect the growth of silk worms

The research is conducted to know the organic carbon reserve and how much the fixation of CO2 by stand found in the forest of Tri Dharma University of North Sumatera. The observed parameter include the quantity of individual, stem diameter at breast height, the tree height and the type of stand. The estimation of carbon reserve on the surface firstly calculated thorough the quantity of biomass of stand. The biomass of the stand uses allometric equation. The forest of Tri Dharma University of North Sumatera covers the width 1,14 ha consist of Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni), Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), Teak (Tectona grandis), Pulai (Alstonia scholaris) can save carbon 225,45 tons of Carbon or can fixate CO2 as much as 827,38 tons of CO2 until to date 051202023

The objectives of this research are (1) to analyze the changing patterns of soil quality, water quality and Methane (CH4) due to cropping index improvement, (2) to analyze productivity and economic due to the increasing of rice cultivation intensity at technical irrigated rice field, (3) to arrange the optimum model of intensive rice cultivation at technical irrigated rice field by Integrated Crop Management (ICM) approach with low methane emission sustainably, and (4) to analyze sustainable index of optimum model of intensive rice cultivation with cropping index improvement at technical irrigated rice field and (5) to arrange the policy strategy in the implementation of optimum model of intensive rice cultivation at technical irrigated rice field by Integrated Crop Management (ICM) with low methane emission sustainably. This research used split plot design. The treatment of irrigation systems as the main split plot factor is intermittent irrigation and continuous system (flooded) and fertilization as sub plot factor which is fertilization treatment are applied, based on the Recommendation of the Minister of Agriculture No. 40/2007 and based on laboratory analysis recommendation with 8 levels of fertilization treatment with 3 replications. Data analysis for soil quality, water, methane emissions, production and rice productivity are done by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and for the analysis of production, productivity and the methane emission are continued into Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test. Further sustainability analysis of the RAPFISH modification is called Rapfarm (Rapid Appraisal for Farming) by using the multidimensional scaling (MDS) method, to arrange the scenario is used dynamic model systems approach. The result of study showed that intensive rice cultivation by increasing of planting intensity did not reduce soil and water quality and methane emission can be pushed until 66,05%. Cultivation of intensive rice by increasing of planting season up to four planting seasons in a year by ICM approach can increase rice production and productivity up to 30% and also increase farmer’s income significantly. Optimum Model of intensive rice cultivation is by planting rice for four times a year with the planting pattern of rice-rice-rice-rice by using ICM system especially by using intermittent irrigation system and fertilization appropriate for plant nutrients (recommendation from result of laboratory analysis with the dosage 100% plus probiotic). The value of methane with optimum model application can be reduced significantly from 218.826.889,43 kg CH4 to 397.181,03 kg CH4 in 2030. The value of sustainable index of optimum model of intensive rice cultivation has range between 42,84-66,54 (included in the category of sufficiency) and the result of statistical test showed that RAP-INLASIT-IP 400 method is good enough to be used as one of the devices to evaluate the sustainability implementation optimum model of intensive rice cultivation on technical irrigated rice field. 098106004

Sustainability is an issue that is increasingly attached to the planning and design of the built environment. One issue is the sustainability of the traffic jamming. Problems of traffic jamming has become a natural thing happening in developing cities in Indonesia. Traffic jamming problems gave many negative impacts both directly and indirectly. Paradigm major cities in the world about tackling the problems of traffic jamming through the application of concepts that promote integration between land use with transportation. One concept that is applied in major cities in the world are TOD. Transit Oriented Development or TOD is a concept in an area centralized on modes of transport where the area has a comfortable distance to walk and able to perform daily activities therein without the need to use personal vehicle (automobile). Binjai as TOD development sites, is one part of the metropolitan area Mebidangro, growing city. Locations case of this design lies in the area of 1 km radius of the Binjai train station. Binjai has a station route from Medan to Aceh who stopped in its tracks until Binjai. By reviving this route to Aceh potential to make Binjai as a transit region or midpoint for opportunities of business transactions between Aceh with Medan. With the selection of the hotel and retail building functions referred to as containers / resting place during transit, to meet business partners, and conduct business transactions. The building design using functionalism architecture themes with the objectives to be achieved in sustainability and TOD, the selection of this theme intends to translate the functions that will be implemented into the design follows the functional characteristic and is expected to express / explore the design basis more depth. 110406099

Currently Indonesia is still heavily dependent on fossil fuels as an energy source. To reduce dependence on oil and meet global enviromental requirements, one way is with the development of enviromentally friendly fuel that is and alternative energy derived from plant oil called biodiesel. This study uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments, S1 (Reaction transesterification 1 hour), S2 (transesterification 2 hours), S3 (transesterification 3 hours), S4 (transesterification 4 hours), and S5 (transesterification 5 hours) with three replications. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, continued by DNMRT at 5 % level. The results showed that the transesterification reaction time significantly (P0.05) on influenced the acid number, total glycerol, flash point, saponfication. The analysis has been carried obtained the best treatment is S5 with the results said saponfication (103.52 mg KOH/g), the acid value (1.29 mg KOH/g), total glycerol (0.19 %), viscosity (2.21 cSt), water content (0.02 %), flash point (115°C ), and the level of methyl ester (99.32 %).

Production of biodiesel comes from trans-esterification reaction of fatty acid which produces methyl ester. Vegetables, animals and microalgae can be used for fatty acid sources by their oil, but microalgae have a more beneficial prospect compared to vegetables and animals. Microalgae have fast grow-rate, high oil productivity, low production cost and not having a competition with food industries. Among microalgae, Botryococcus braunii is the one with high oil quantity inside their cells (25 – 75 %). The wastewater of tofu industries is liquid residual from soybean processing becomes tofu which having a nuisance for the environment. This wastewater, usually called whey, is still containing organic materials such as water (99,34 %), protein (1,73 %), fat (0,63 %), nitrogen content (0,05%) and ash (0,11 %) and COD. Organic materials have effect to stimulate microalgae's growing. Objectives of this experiment are the influence of tofu whey addition at different concentrations toward biomass and lipid produced. This experiment provided the result which optimal cultivation of Botryococcus braunii reaches when using 10% concentration tofu whey with optimal optical density (OD) at day 9 (0,802), 2,4101 gram/litre of gained biomass and 0,8716 gram/litre of lipid production.,better than cultivation of Botryoccus braunii using syntetic nutrient. Maximum COD reduction was gained at 15% tofu whey addition with 88,51% efficiency. COD reduction at optimal tofu whey addition (10%) is 83,33%.

Potency of Agrriculture Sector as the Producer and the User of Renewble EnergyDevelopment of a dynamic world energy consumption within the limitation of fossil energy reserve as well as the awareness on the environmental conservation evoke the increase of interest on a renewable energy, especially a renewable energy resources from agriculture sector such as food crops, horticulture, estate commodities and animal husbandry. To be more specific, the main commodities are paddy, maize, cassava, coconut, palm oil, sugarcane, Jatropha curcas, sago, and large livestock (Cow/Cow waste). The potency of bio-energy derived from plant biomass residue of agriculture sector (without wood industry, maize) is around 441.1 GJ. At the same condition, in 2000, it is estimated roughly 430 million GJ or just about 470 million GJ if the residue of wood industry is included. Estimated that if the availability of bio-energy derived from the main production of agriculture commodity is calculated, so that Indonesia could provide bio-energy potentially amounted to 360.99 million GJ, therefore, the total amount would be around 802.09 million GJ. In contrast, the value is approximately equal to the continuous operating of more than 25 thousand units of electric power of renewable energy power for middle scale of 10 MW which is now being campaign. Agriculture sector is not only plays the role as the producer of a renewable energy, but also forms as a potential user. Alongside technology development of energy and agriculture sectors, the equivalent estimation between the production and the USAge of renewable energy in agricultural sector need to be studied continuously. This evaluation is useful to analyze the efficiency of agribusiness activities in Indonesia based on the improvement of national agriculture productivity and environmental conservation through renewable energy. RINGKASANPerkembangan kebutuhan energi dunia yang dinamis di tengah semakin terbatasnya cadangan energi fosil serta kepedulian terhadap kelestarian lingkungan hidup, menyebabkan perhatian terhadap energi terbarukan semakin meningkat, terutama pada sumber-sumber energi terbarukan di sektor pertanian seperti komoditi tanaman pangan, hortikultura, perkebunan dan peternakan. Secara lebih sempit lagi, diungkapkan komoditas-komoditas utamanya, yaitu padi, jagung, ubikayu, kelapa, kelapa sawit, tebu, jarak pagar, sagu serta ternak besar (sapi/kotoran sapi). Potensi bioenergi asal residu biomassa tanaman dari sektor pertanian (tanpa industri kayu kehutanan, jagung) adalah sekitar 441,1 juta GJ. Pada kondisi sama pada tahun 2000 diperhitungan sekitar 430 juta GJ, atau sekitar 470 juta GJ jika residu industri kayu dimasukkan. Jika diperhitungkan tersedianya bio-energi dari hasil pokok komoditas pertanian (nira, gula, minyaknya dll), maka diperkirakan Indonesia dapat menyediakan bioenergi secara potensial sejumlah 360,99 juta GJ, sehingga jumlah totalnya sekitar 802,09 juta GJ. Sebagai perbandingan, nilai tersebut kira-kira setara dengan pengoperasian terus menerus lebih dari 25 ribu unit pembangkit listrik tenaga energi terbarukan skala menengah ukuran 10 MW yang saat ini sedang dikampanyekan. Sektor pertanian selain sebagai penghasil energi terbarukan sekaligus merupakan pengguna potensial. Perhitungan keseimbangan antara produksi dan penggunaan energi terbarukan di sektor pertanian, perlu dikaji secara terus menerus, seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi di bidang energi dan pertanian. Evaluasi ini akan bermanfaat untuk menilai efisiensi kegiatan agribisnis di Indonesia dari segi peningkatan produktivitas pertanian nasional dan pelestarian lingkungan melalui energi terbarukan.

The increasing number of vehicles with high fuel consumption and weak emission control policies negatively impact the environment. This research designed to projecting comparison of enery consumption of fuel and exaust emissions on bus and travel minibus route Semarang – Solo on 2013- 2040 using LEAP software with two scenarios, as for these scenarios is business as usual (BAU).Test results using LEAP shows the amount of fuel required bus in 2040 based on the BAU scenario amounted to 1.559.800 Gigajoules or to 43.448.467 liters of diesel fuel and 609.700 Gigajoules or 16.983.286 liters of diesel fuel based on the 2040 AFE scenario or fuel savings up to 39 % . The amount of fuel required for travel minibus based on the BAU scenario in 2040 was 1.333.000 Gigajoules or 37.130.919 liters of diesel fuel and 1.308.300 Gigajoules or 37.130.919 liters of diesel fuel based on the 2040 AFE scenario or savings up to 5 %.Carbon Dioxide Non Biogenic emissions produced by buses and travel minibus in 2040 for the AFE scenario decreased by 45 % compare to BAU scenario, but the value of NOx and CO in scenario AFE decrease 20 % compare to BAU scenario.