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The side-effect of sand mining was disappearing of biomass which caused of land degradation. A study has been carried out to obtain the model legume association with superior grass plants that are adaptive to repair post-mining land on dry land. This research was desgined in association patern between grasses and legumes with manure application, using 8 combination of grasses herbaceous and tree legumse with 3 replications. This research was conducted at Sebudi village, Karangasem district. Panicum maximum var. Trichoglum, Paspalum atratum, Centrocema pubescens, and Clitoria ternatea were used for grasses and legumes respectively. Observed variables were quality and forage production. The results of this research showed that almost all association can be implemented at dryland, and association patern between Panicum and Paspalum with Clitoria gave extra biomass. This association also showed great potential to improve land quality. The quality and production of grasses were greatly influenced by the association of legumes. Panicum and Paspalum associated with both Clitoria or Centrocema gave highest yield. Various of manure showed a non significant difference on quality and production of grass associated with tree legumes, although it tend to increase both of growth and production of grasses.

One of potential vegetable materials in Indonesia as a source of biodiesel is kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw). This study aims to analyze: financial feasibility of plantation; financial feasibility of biodiesel processing, and the development of business unit. The research results show that kemiri sunan plantation is feasible on the area of 60 ha, a business period of 50 years. Feasibility values without loan are: NPV IDR 1,101,007,645; IRR 13.52%; BCR 1.36; PBP 14.68 years, feasibility values with loan are: NPV IDR 160,351,357; IRR 13.52%; BCR 1.08; PBP 22.55 years, sensitive to the decrease of selling price of dry seeds and productivity of the trees. The biodiesel processing business is feasible at the business period of 15 years, the production capacity of 202.75 Kl/year. Feasibility values without loan are: NPVIDR 512,549,740; IRR 27.27%; BCR 1.04; PBP 4.32 years, feasibility values with loan are: NPV IDR 303,310,940; IRR 27.27%; BCR 1.03; PBP 4.94 years, sensitive to the rising costs of materials and a decrease in the selling price. If all available lands were cultivated, it will generate 2,365 business units and to produce biodiesel that meets 16.68% of the needs of West Java diesel oil.

Forage is one of the supporting factors in planning animal production. Climate condition is one factor which influence forage production. This research attempted to map the class suitability of climate for seven forage species in Bali province and to analysis the level of vulnerability toward climate changes by using Geography Information System (GIS). The results showed that four from seven species observed have class suitability with climate S1. Rain climate factor was the important factor which was influence the climate unsuitability of forage in Bali province. The effect of climate change, such as La Nina 1998 caused positive and negative impacts towards the distribution of class suitability of climate at that year. The incident of La Nina caused the reduction of area of class suitability of S1, S2, and N climate, meanwhile increase the area of class suitability of S3 climate. On the other hand, some location of climate suitability class also changed due to climate change.

Land use with agroforestry system has ecological, economic and social advantages, so that the sustainability of agroforestry should be maintained. This study aims to determine the state of sustainability and the key factors ffecting sustainability of agroforestry. The research conducted in Rancah District, Ciamis from April to December 2013. Data is analyzed using RAP-AFS ordinated Regency and prospective analysis. The results showed that some of ecological, economic and social problems potentially threatening the sustainability of agroforestry. Agroforestry in Rancah is less sustainable with sustainability index value of 25.01-50.00 i.e. ecological, economic, social and multidimensional indexes are 32.26, 42.26, 48.59 and 46.20, respectively. The key factors that must be considered for the sustainability of agroforestry are: extension role, the availability of agroforestry technology package, government role and farmer groups existence. Therefore, it is recommended national and regional goverments prioritize the management of the key factors in policy that development of sustainable agroforestry

Coastal waters of Tangerang Regency has abundant in fish resource including pelagic, demersal, and reef fish. This study was conducted to assess fish biomass variability and of fish community structure in coastal waters of Tangerang Regency which can be used as a basis in determining alternatives for sustainable fish resource management. This research was conducted in June and August 2013 in three locations i.e., Kronjo, Cituis, and Tanjung Pasir. Primary data collected were fish weight per species. Fish biomass from each locations was obtained using swept area method using trawl. The results showed that Kronjo region contained the highest total average biomass of fish. Temporally, total ave-rage biomass of fish in August was higher than in June for Kronjo and Cituis. Meanwhile, the con-trary occurred in Tanjung Pasir. This conditions occurred due to the high current and high wave in August than in June. In general, biomass of planktivorous was dominant during the study indicating overfishing lead to fishing down the food web in the Coastal waters of Tangerang Regency.

Tide height is an important parameter in obtaining the amount of tidal energy by utilizing the potential energy contained in the water caused by the movement of sea water caused tidal. Karimun waters of Riau Island province has a reservoir of 29.69 Ha former tin mining which is directly related to the sea connected by floodgates that allegedly contained the potential for tidal energy is high. Karimun tidal waters that occurs twice ebb tide twice the difference between the highest to the lowest ebb during spring tide reaches 3.8 m while the difference during neap 0.2 m. In the planning of generating tidal power necessary to study potential energy, mechanical energy, in addition to the natural factors that must be considered is the morphology of the beach, water characteristics, topography, rainfall, sea depth and lithology underwater, because it influences the volume of reservoirs, construction field and construction of energy converters. Design of tidal power generation using penstock pipe dimensions of 3.7 m, designed stainless kaplan turbines installed perpendicular coupled to a synchronous generator pole shoe (salient) 39889.7 kW generator power output. Results of analysis of tidal energy potential of an average of 46910.6 kWh in 2013 and average of 46605.4 kWh in 2014. It was concluded that the use of energy known to be used as a reference in planning tidal power plant.

Terjadinya Perubahan iklim pada saat ini telah mengkibatkan dampak buruk terhadap kehidupan makhluk hidup di permukaan bumi. Kekeringan, banjir atau rob, gelombang udara panas, dan badai merupakan beberapa contoh yang disebabkan oleh Perubahan iklim. Pada sektor pertanian, kondisi tersebut akan menyebabkan produksi tanaman mengalami penurunan yang cukup signifikan sehingga mengganggu ketahanan pangan nasional dan menurunkan pendapatan petani dan devisa negara. Penyebab utama terjadinya Perubahan iklim adalah meningkatnya emisi gas rumah kaca (terutama gas CO2) di udara, yang dihasilkan oleh aktivitas manusia (antropogenik). Untuk mengurangi emisi gas CO2 Pemerintah Republik Indonesia telah mencanangkan Rencana Aksi Nasional Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (RAN-GRK) sesuai Peraturan Presiden Nomor 61 tahun 2011. Salah satu kegiatan utamanya adalah penanaman 105.200 ha tanaman karet. Peran ekologis tanaman karet yaitu tajuknya dapat menyerap gas CO2 dari udara dan dari hasil biji karet dapat dibuat biodiesel dengan gas buang CO2 yang lebih rendah dari bahan bakar minyak (solar), sehingga tanaman karet mempunyai peran yang penting dalam mengurangi kejadian Perubahan iklim (mitigasi). Jumlah CO2 yang diserap oleh tanaman karet bervariasi tergantung kepada umur tanaman, kondisi tanaman, kesuburan tanah, dan teknis budidaya yang diterapkan. Rata-rata stok karbon pada karet tradional (perkebunan rakyat) 19,8 ton C/ha, sedangkan pada karet klon unggul (perkebunan besar) 42,4 ton C/ha. Jumlah gas CO2 yang diserap oleh perkebunan karet di Indonesia mencapai 291,16 Mton CO2e. Potensi produksi biodiesel dari RSO di Indonesia mencapai 424.460 ton. Campuran solar dan biodiesel dari RSO dapat menurunkan emisi gas buang CO2 sebesar 40,14%. Role of rubber plant in climate change mitigation Climate change happened and resulted in adverse effect of our life on the earth's surface. Droughts, floods, or rob, heatwaves, and hurricanes happened recently of incident that might be caused by climate change. In the agricultural sector, these conditions will lead to reduction of yields significantly, in turn disrupt the national food security and reduce foreign exchange. Major factor that may induce climate change is the increased greenhouse gas emissions primarily CO2 in air, generated by human activity (anthropogenic). To reduce emissions of CO2 gas, Government of Indonesia has launched the National Action Plan for Reducing Emissions of Greenhouse Gases (RAN-GRK) through Presidential Decree No. 61 of 2011. One of the main activity is the planting of 105,200 ha of rubber trees. Ecological role of the rubber plant is an sequestration CO2 from the air. Moreover, rubber yielded may be converted into biodiesel fuel having CO2 content being lower than diesel oil in otherwords, rubber plant has an important role in reducing of incidences of climate change (mitigation). The amount of CO2 is sequestrated by rubber plant varies depending on the age of the plant, crop conditions, soil fertility and technical cultivation applied. Average of carbon stock of those rubber plants cultivated traditionally was 19.8 ton C / ha, while those superior clone ones was 42.4 ton C/ha. The amount of CO2 gas sequestrated by rubber in Indonesia reached of 291.16 Mton CO2e. Potentially biodiesel production developed from the RSO in Indonesia reached 424,460 ton, blending of diesel oil and biodiesel from RSO able to reduce CO2 emissions of 40.14%.

Area of Indonesia consists of 80% water, which contains abundance of potential fish resources, Those fish resources should be utilized for as much as prosperity and welfare for Indonesian. In fact, fish resourceshaven't enhanced the living standard, which is sustainable and equitable. Issues on fisheries come up such as exaggeration of fishing, theft fish, illegal fishing activities and the use of fish resources that exceeding thegeneration of fish itself. That circumstance will cause harm for the state, the fishermen, as well as people in general. The use of tools that harm the nature will cause the decrease of fish resources and threat thesustainability of fish resources. The aim of writing this article is to analyze law enforcement related to the sustainability of fish resources and the sustainability of fish resources, viewed from the perspective of justice.As the result of the study, law enforcement to protect the fish resources generally has not given attention to the sustainability of fish resources, therefore fishermen still use unfriendly tools to catch the fishes. Thoseunfriendly tools will cause the occurrence of over-fishing and will impact to the environmental damages. Those kinds of things will destruct the fishes, therefore the quantity of fish will have deteriorated and evencould be extinct. Those environmental damages would suffer the present generation as well as the next generation since they couldn't consume fish which is very essential for the growth of the human body anderadicate the job for the people as the fishermen. The present generation will be sinful if the next generation will get the impact of what the present generation done. In order to reduce more over-fishing activities and the distrust of the fish habitat it needs the law enforcement, which is oriented to the sustainability of fish resources. The sustainability of fishery resources couldn't maintain its existence, this could be seen as the symbol of environmental damages. In this case, the law also needs to make integration of fish resources sustainability to be processed so that it will result output law enforcement which is oriented to fish resourcessustainability. As a conclusion, in law enforcement oriented to fish resources sustainability, it needs to be thought by the lawmaker to embed that the law should contain idea or concept about justice, legal certainty,the significance of fish resources and the implementation of the law itself. In the fish resources utilization and law enforcements, it needs to pay attention to the justice principle; intergenerational equity; intergenerational equity; precautionary; conservation of biological diversity; conservation of biological diversity.

Carbohydrates can be obtained from tubers such as cassava. Cassava is a plant from family euphorbiaceae and typical tropical plants. Cassava peel is a major waste that contains carbohydrates. The peel of cassava can be used as an energy source, namely ethanol.The purpose of this study is to determine the contents of ethanol through the fermentation process of cassava peel where obtainable from Malino village, Batu Daka West, Tojo Una-Una. The parameters in this study was content of ethanol that was obtained by fermentation using saccaromyces cerevisiae yeast. The fermentation process was conducted by varying day of fermentation, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days. The results showed the fermentation of ethanol with time variation respectively is 4.50, 5.20, 6.00 and 4.00%. In conclusion, it can be said that the highest ethanol content is 6.00% with the fermentation time of 8 days.

Analysis of biomass and carbon stock on mangrove forest ecosytem in coastal area of North Rupat Riau Province has been conducted in January 2016. The method used in this study is a survey method with purposive sampling technique. The study showed that the potential mangrove biomass was directly proportional to mangrove carbon stocks. The average yield of biomass, carbon stocks of soil organic carbon and CO2 sequestration on mangrove forest was reserves amounted to 68,64 tons/ha , 904,75 tons/ha and 251,39 tons/ha, while the average yield of total carbon stocks was 973,31 tons/ha.