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  • 14. Life underwater
  • Portuguese

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Gimenes, Michele de Faveri; Takeda, Alice Michiyo; Benedito, Evanilde;

    This study aimed to identify potential sources of organic matter in sediment, using stable isotopes of carbon (delta13C) and nitrogen (delta15N). Sediment samples were gathered from the margin and in center of three subsystems: Ivinheima, Paraná and Baia, in August/2001. The samples were fractionated granulometrically and separated by size (< 200 µm; 70-200 µm; > 70 µm), prepared and sent to CENA / USP, for identifying the isotopes proportions. Significant differences were detected in the isotopic ratios of the sediment only between sampling stations. The Baía channel presented the lowest delta13C values, while the highest ones were recorded in Paraná river. At this last, delta15N values were negative (-14.41‰). We did not verify significant difference in isotopic composition between the particle sizes of sediment, and between the sampling points. The main sources of carbon for the sediment were C3 macrophytes, periphyton and particulate organic carbon (POC).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LAReferencia - Red F...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Menten, Guilherme Scatolini;

    Entre os impactos esperados das alterações climáticas estão a intensificação do aumento do nível médio do mar e a alteração dos padrões pluviométricos regionais. Os estuários estão entre as zonas mais vulneráveis a esses efeitos, sendo assim necessário entender os impactos nos mesmos para melhor planear ações de mitigação e aumento da resiliência. Neste trabalho foi aplicada modelação numérica, através do software Delft3D, para simular os efeitos na intrusão salina do estuário do Rio Minho sob os cenários RCP4.5 e RCP8.5, adotados pelo IPCC. Os caudais fluviais são regulados por diversas barragens, sendo influenciados apenas de forma indireta pelas alterações nos padrões pluviométricos. Assim, foi estudada a variação dos caudais de modo a apoiar futuras ações de planeamento e eventuais revisões das regras de operação dessas barragens para limitar a intrusão salina. Verificou-se o aumento da intrusão salina a montante do estuário com o aumento do nível do mar e a diminuição dos caudais fluviais chegando, no pior caso, à extensão de 28,9 km a partir da foz do estuário, o que poderá implicar com os usos da água nesta região. A extensão da intrusão salina apresenta maior dependência em relação às variações de caudal em situações de seca. Assim, nos casos mais críticos, ou seja, com maior intrusão salina, o caudal fluvial demonstrou ser o fator de maior importância, sendo a sua regularização uma ferramenta de controlo da extensão da intrusão salina no estuário. Among the expected impacts of climate change are the increased mean sea level rise and the changes in regional rainfall patterns. Estuaries are among the most vulnerable areas to these effects, so it is necessary to understand their impacts to better plan mitigation actions and increase resilience. Numerical modeling was applied in this work, using the Delft3D software, to simulate the effects of saline intrusion in the Minho River estuary under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios adopted by the IPCC. In this case, the river`s flow is regulated by several dams, and the flow that reaches the estuary is only indirectly influenced by changes in rainfall patterns. Thus, the variation of river flows was studied in order to support future planning actions and revision of the dam discharges rules that should be followed to control salt intrusion. An increase in salt intrusion was observed at the upstream estuary with an increase in the sea level and the decrease in river flows reaching, in the worst case, the extension of 28.9 km from the estuarine mouth, which can bring several impacts to the different water uses in the region. The extent of salt intrusion showed a greater dependence on river flows variations under drought conditions. Thus, in the most critical cases, that is, with greater salt intrusion, the river flow proved to be the most important factor, and its control is an efficient tool to limit the extent of salt intrusion in the estuary. Agradeço também ao projeto EsCo-Ensembles (PTDC/ECI-EGC/30877/2017), cofinanciado por NORTE2020, Portugal 2020 e a União Europeia através do ERDF, e FCT através de fundos nacionais, cujos financiamentos apoiaram a criação do modelo utilizado, assim como de parte dos dados. Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Urbana

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
    Other ORP type . 2022
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
      Other ORP type . 2022
      License: CC BY
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    Authors: Pacheco, Luís Miguel Cardoso Pércio Bessa;

    As condições meteorológicas e oceanográficas afetam de forma significativa, e a vários níveis, as capacidades da Marinha e a realização de operações navais. As alterações climáticas, por provocarem um aumento da intensidade de determinados fenómenos ambientais, estão a incrementar os problemas e dificuldades normalmente sentidos. Este estudo tem o objetivo de identificar um conjunto de medidas genéticas, estruturais e operacionais a adotar pela Marinha na resposta às alterações climáticas, por forma a garantir a eficiência e eficácia da sua ação. Com base na análise das causas, consequências e previsões das alterações climáticas, e das estratégias de resposta implementadas por várias organizações militares, foram identificados e deduzidos objetivos estratégicos orientadores e medidas para garantir a adaptação e mitigação dos efeitos das alterações climáticas pela Marinha. Do conjunto de medidas propostas destacam-se, no âmbito da mitigação das alterações climáticas, as relacionadas com a redução da emissão de gases com efeito de estufa, materializada por processos relacionados com a transição energética. No âmbito da adaptação às alterações climáticas destacam-se as medidas que visam responder ao aumento de fenómenos meteorológicos extremos, ao aumento da temperatura média e extrema do oceano, e à subida do nível médio das águas do mar. Meteorological and oceanographic conditions significantly affect the capabilities of the Navy and the execution of naval operations. Climate change, by increasing the intensity of certain environmental phenomena, is increasing the problems and difficulties normally experienced. This study aims to identify a set of genetic, structural, and operational measures to be adopted by the Portuguese Navy in response to climate change, in order to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of its action. Based on the analysis of the causes, consequences, and predictions of climate change, and the response strategies implemented by various military organizations, guiding strategic objectives and measures were identified and deduced to ensure the adaptation and mitigation of the effects of climate change by the Portuguese Navy. In the set of proposed measures, those related to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions stand out in the scope of mitigating climate change, materialized by processes related to the energy transition. In the scope of adapting to climate change, stand out measures that aim to respond to the increase in extreme weather events, the increase in average and extreme ocean temperatures, and the rise in average sea level. N/A

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositório Comumarrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositório Comumarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Isabela Raquel Ramos Iensen; Gilson Bauer Schultz; Irani dos Santos;

    Climate changes may generate significant impacts in hydrological cycle. It is important to recognize modifications in green water (water stored in soil and then consumed by vegetation) and blue water (water that flows in rivers, lakes, wetlands and shallow aquifers) availability in consequence of climate change modifications. In this context, mathematical modelling is used to simulate the effect of climate change scenarios in hydrological processes in watersheds. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the impacts of climate change in blue and green water in Apucaraninha River watershed (504km²), Southern Brazil, considering the climate scenario A2 (pessimistic about greenhouse gases emissions) and climate scenario B2 (optimistic about greenhouse gases emissions), developed by IPCC. SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was calibrated and validated using daily streamflow from 1987 to 2012. Climate scenarios A2 and B2 were used to simulate the hydrological conditions for the period 2071-2100. The model presented satisfactory fit compared to the observed data allowing the simulation of the current hydrological conditions, therefore permitting the simulation of future climate change impacts in green and blue water. We found that despite the increase in potential evapotranspiration of 19% and 12% for A2 and B2 scenario respectively, caused by the increase in temperature, the reduction in rainfall amount (19% for A2 and 23% for B2) induced to a reduction in actual evapotranspiration (16% for A2 and 33% for B2), which correspond to green water, and a reduction of 21% for A2 scenario and 14% for B2 scenario in blue water availability.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Revista Brasileira d...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Revista Brasileira d...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Authors: Cardoso, Miguel;

    A política marítima integrada da União Europeia veio introduzir, nas águas sob jurisdição nacional, uma nova abordagem de gestão, que visa identificar as diferentes atividades e usos do mar, bem como os diferentes stakeholders, por forma a organizar e a ordenar o espaço marítimo português. Desta forma, um processo de licenciamento simplificado, eficiente e transparente representa um instrumento valioso ao dispor do Estado com forte impacto nos três seguintes aspetos: proteção do meio ambiente, ordenamento do território e desenvolvimento socioeconómico. O desejado licenciamento simplificado na administração pública permitiria aos gestores tomar melhores opções sobre as atividades que fazem uso do mar, desde logo lidar com a incerteza das atividades emergentes em contraponto com as mais tradicionais. Face ao valor económico, ambiental e social que as atividades emergentes representam, é expectável que num futuro próximo haja um potencial de conflito de interesses com as atividades ditas tradicionais. Abstract: The Integrated Maritime Policy of the European Union has introduced in the waters under national jurisdiction a new management approach that aims to identify the different activities and uses of the sea, and the various stakeholders, in order to organize and to order the Portuguese maritime space. Thus a simplified, efficient and transparent licensing process is a valuable tool to the State, having a strong impact in the following three aspects: environmental protection, land use and socio-economic development. The desired simplified licensing in the public service would allow managers to make better choices about the activities that make use of the sea, starting with the uncertainty of emerging activities as opposed to the more traditional. Given the economic, environmental and social value that emerging activities represent, it is expected that in the near future, a potential conflict of interest with the socalled traditional activities occurs. N/A

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositório Comumarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Authors: Ferreira, Rui Jorge Martins;

    Nowadays, sustainability is one of the most debated topics worldwide. The degradation of the environment is visible on a daunting scale and the willingness to change begins with this concern. Changes in the scarcity of natural resources have become a reality in recent years. Thinking about the subject for a while is enough to understand that this environmental problem is directly linked to a set of social and economic factors that must be resolved. Faced with this situation, one of the major challenges for the fishing industry is to take effective measures that minimize or eliminate their negative impacts, making the necessary changes in the shortest possible time. The fishing industry is considered harmful since it causes various environmental problems due to its production processes. Therefore, new behavioral standards appeared regarding ecological issues, and society has played an important role in these changes. Both the demand side and the supply side, indicate an increased effort in this direction. There are consumers who are looking for environmentally correct products and organizations and companies whose actions aim to preserve the planet. Taking into account all of these problems arising from the fishing industry, it was necessary to develop methods that analyze these attitudes in detail and value the fishing products, from their origin to their final consumption. Thus, ecological certifications have emerged in an attempt to solve them. The advantages of ecological certifications are many and specific. However, they all ensure faster changes, more sustainable products, and a better image of the certified company. The study of ecological certifications is extremely important to compare between those that already exist, to get to know in which areas they operate, how they improve the fishing industry, and to understand their relevance. This study focuses on the importance of sustainability and, more specifically, ecological certifications for Portuguese fishing companies. The applied methods, namely, a simple mediation model, made it possible to understand the effect of the adoption of ecological certifications by Portuguese fishing companies on the performance of these same fishing companies. It was possible to conclude that operating income has a significant and positive effect in promoting the adoption of ecological certifications by Portuguese fishing companies, leading to a better performance of these same companies. Thus, indirectly, these results suggest that fish products with ecological certifications have a higher sales volume than non-certified products. In addition, this study also seeks to understand how this topic is changing the vision of companies to be more concerned with the planet's sustainability and in doing things to be sustainable and more ecological. Hoje em dia a sustentabilidade, a degradação do meio ambiente, e a escassez de recursos são dos temas mais debatidos. Basta refletir poucos minutos no assunto para se perceber que este problema ambiental está diretamente ligado a um conjunto de fatores sociais e económicos que têm de ser resolvidos. Perante esta situação, um dos grandes desafios que se coloca à indústria, nomeadamente, ao setor da pesca, é adotar medidas eficazes que minimizem ou eliminem os seus impactos negativos, fazendo as mudanças necessárias no menor tempo possível. A indústria da pesca é considerada prejudicial uma vez que causa vários problemas ambientais devido aos seus processos produtivos. Neste sentido, começaram a surgir novos padrões de comportamento, e a sociedade tem desempenhado um papel relevante nessas mudanças. Quer da parte da procura, quer da parte da oferta denota-se um esforço acrescido nesse sentido. Existem consumidores que procuram produtos ambientalmente sustentáveis e há organizações e empresas que têm ações voltadas à preservação do planeta. Tendo em conta todos esses problemas derivados da indústria da pesca e, numa tentativa de os solucionar, foi necessário criar-se métodos que analisem detalhadamente estas atitudes e que valorizem os produtos de pesca, pensando na sustentabilidade e na economia circular. Assim, surgiram as certificações ecológicas. As vantagens que as certificações ecológicas apresentam são variadas e visam assegurar mudanças mais rápidas, produtos mais sustentáveis e uma melhor imagem da empresa certificada. O estudo da sua relevância no setor das pescas é fundamental. A presente dissertação tem como foco a importância da sustentabilidade e, mais especificamente, das certificações ecológicas para as empresas de pesca portuguesas. Os métodos de trabalho utilizados, nomeadamente, um modelo de mediação simples, permitiram perceber o efeito da adoção de certificações ecológicas por parte das empresas de pesca portuguesas no desempenho dessas mesmas empresas. Foi possível concluir que a receita operacional tem um efeito significativo e positivo na promoção da adoção de certificações ecológicas por parte das empresas de pesca portuguesas, levando a um melhor desempenho dessas mesmas empresas. Assim, indiretamente, estes resultados sugerem que produtos de pesca com certificações ecológicas têm um volume de vendas superior aos produtos não certificados. Além disso, o estudo procura ainda entender de que forma este tema está a mudar a visão das empresas no sentido de se preocuparem mais com a sustentabilidade do planeta e em fazerem por ser sustentáveis e mais ecológicas. Dissertação de mestrado em Economia Industrial e da Empresa

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
    Other ORP type . 2023
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
      Other ORP type . 2023
      License: CC BY NC ND
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    Authors: Nascimento, Sandra Carla Oliveira Do; Araujo, Rogerio Cesar Pereira; Nascimento, Sandra Carla Oliveira Do; Araujo, Rogerio Cesar Pereira;

    While the fishery production reaches its pick and runs to its decline, the aquaculture comes out as an alternative to reduce the pressure over the marine stock of fish. The coastal aquaculture led by the shrimp farming is rapidly expanding in the developing countries, and not less expressive are the initiatives to develop the rural aquaculture. Besides that the consolidation of the new paradigm of sustainable development, the aquaculture needs to be investigated regarding its sustainability. In this sense, having the systemic method as theoretical foundation, indicators are proposed to evaluate the sustainability of a project being carried out in the Castanhão reservoir, in Jaguaribara-CE, called Curupati-Peixe Project, that cultivates Nile Tilápia in net-ponds. The sustainability dimensions evaluated are economic-social, technological and environmental, that are considered here as subsystems. Theses indicators showed that the pisciculture project of Curupati-Peixe had a median level of sustainability, being the social dimension the one that contributed more to the observed performance.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Research Papers in E...arrow_drop_down
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2008
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
      Other literature type . 2008
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Gimenes, Michele de Faveri; Takeda, Alice Michiyo; Benedito, Evanilde;

    This study aimed to identify potential sources of organic matter in sediment, using stable isotopes of carbon (delta13C) and nitrogen (delta15N). Sediment samples were gathered from the margin and in center of three subsystems: Ivinheima, Paraná and Baia, in August/2001. The samples were fractionated granulometrically and separated by size (< 200 µm; 70-200 µm; > 70 µm), prepared and sent to CENA / USP, for identifying the isotopes proportions. Significant differences were detected in the isotopic ratios of the sediment only between sampling stations. The Baía channel presented the lowest delta13C values, while the highest ones were recorded in Paraná river. At this last, delta15N values were negative (-14.41‰). We did not verify significant difference in isotopic composition between the particle sizes of sediment, and between the sampling points. The main sources of carbon for the sediment were C3 macrophytes, periphyton and particulate organic carbon (POC).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LAReferencia - Red F...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Menten, Guilherme Scatolini;

    Entre os impactos esperados das alterações climáticas estão a intensificação do aumento do nível médio do mar e a alteração dos padrões pluviométricos regionais. Os estuários estão entre as zonas mais vulneráveis a esses efeitos, sendo assim necessário entender os impactos nos mesmos para melhor planear ações de mitigação e aumento da resiliência. Neste trabalho foi aplicada modelação numérica, através do software Delft3D, para simular os efeitos na intrusão salina do estuário do Rio Minho sob os cenários RCP4.5 e RCP8.5, adotados pelo IPCC. Os caudais fluviais são regulados por diversas barragens, sendo influenciados apenas de forma indireta pelas alterações nos padrões pluviométricos. Assim, foi estudada a variação dos caudais de modo a apoiar futuras ações de planeamento e eventuais revisões das regras de operação dessas barragens para limitar a intrusão salina. Verificou-se o aumento da intrusão salina a montante do estuário com o aumento do nível do mar e a diminuição dos caudais fluviais chegando, no pior caso, à extensão de 28,9 km a partir da foz do estuário, o que poderá implicar com os usos da água nesta região. A extensão da intrusão salina apresenta maior dependência em relação às variações de caudal em situações de seca. Assim, nos casos mais críticos, ou seja, com maior intrusão salina, o caudal fluvial demonstrou ser o fator de maior importância, sendo a sua regularização uma ferramenta de controlo da extensão da intrusão salina no estuário. Among the expected impacts of climate change are the increased mean sea level rise and the changes in regional rainfall patterns. Estuaries are among the most vulnerable areas to these effects, so it is necessary to understand their impacts to better plan mitigation actions and increase resilience. Numerical modeling was applied in this work, using the Delft3D software, to simulate the effects of saline intrusion in the Minho River estuary under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios adopted by the IPCC. In this case, the river`s flow is regulated by several dams, and the flow that reaches the estuary is only indirectly influenced by changes in rainfall patterns. Thus, the variation of river flows was studied in order to support future planning actions and revision of the dam discharges rules that should be followed to control salt intrusion. An increase in salt intrusion was observed at the upstream estuary with an increase in the sea level and the decrease in river flows reaching, in the worst case, the extension of 28.9 km from the estuarine mouth, which can bring several impacts to the different water uses in the region. The extent of salt intrusion showed a greater dependence on river flows variations under drought conditions. Thus, in the most critical cases, that is, with greater salt intrusion, the river flow proved to be the most important factor, and its control is an efficient tool to limit the extent of salt intrusion in the estuary. Agradeço também ao projeto EsCo-Ensembles (PTDC/ECI-EGC/30877/2017), cofinanciado por NORTE2020, Portugal 2020 e a União Europeia através do ERDF, e FCT através de fundos nacionais, cujos financiamentos apoiaram a criação do modelo utilizado, assim como de parte dos dados. Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Urbana

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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
    Other ORP type . 2022
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
      Other ORP type . 2022
      License: CC BY
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    Authors: Pacheco, Luís Miguel Cardoso Pércio Bessa;

    As condições meteorológicas e oceanográficas afetam de forma significativa, e a vários níveis, as capacidades da Marinha e a realização de operações navais. As alterações climáticas, por provocarem um aumento da intensidade de determinados fenómenos ambientais, estão a incrementar os problemas e dificuldades normalmente sentidos. Este estudo tem o objetivo de identificar um conjunto de medidas genéticas, estruturais e operacionais a adotar pela Marinha na resposta às alterações climáticas, por forma a garantir a eficiência e eficácia da sua ação. Com base na análise das causas, consequências e previsões das alterações climáticas, e das estratégias de resposta implementadas por várias organizações militares, foram identificados e deduzidos objetivos estratégicos orientadores e medidas para garantir a adaptação e mitigação dos efeitos das alterações climáticas pela Marinha. Do conjunto de medidas propostas destacam-se, no âmbito da mitigação das alterações climáticas, as relacionadas com a redução da emissão de gases com efeito de estufa, materializada por processos relacionados com a transição energética. No âmbito da adaptação às alterações climáticas destacam-se as medidas que visam responder ao aumento de fenómenos meteorológicos extremos, ao aumento da temperatura média e extrema do oceano, e à subida do nível médio das águas do mar. Meteorological and oceanographic conditions significantly affect the capabilities of the Navy and the execution of naval operations. Climate change, by increasing the intensity of certain environmental phenomena, is increasing the problems and difficulties normally experienced. This study aims to identify a set of genetic, structural, and operational measures to be adopted by the Portuguese Navy in response to climate change, in order to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of its action. Based on the analysis of the causes, consequences, and predictions of climate change, and the response strategies implemented by various military organizations, guiding strategic objectives and measures were identified and deduced to ensure the adaptation and mitigation of the effects of climate change by the Portuguese Navy. In the set of proposed measures, those related to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions stand out in the scope of mitigating climate change, materialized by processes related to the energy transition. In the scope of adapting to climate change, stand out measures that aim to respond to the increase in extreme weather events, the increase in average and extreme ocean temperatures, and the rise in average sea level. N/A

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    Other ORP type . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Isabela Raquel Ramos Iensen; Gilson Bauer Schultz; Irani dos Santos;

    Climate changes may generate significant impacts in hydrological cycle. It is important to recognize modifications in green water (water stored in soil and then consumed by vegetation) and blue water (water that flows in rivers, lakes, wetlands and shallow aquifers) availability in consequence of climate change modifications. In this context, mathematical modelling is used to simulate the effect of climate change scenarios in hydrological processes in watersheds. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the impacts of climate change in blue and green water in Apucaraninha River watershed (504km²), Southern Brazil, considering the climate scenario A2 (pessimistic about greenhouse gases emissions) and climate scenario B2 (optimistic about greenhouse gases emissions), developed by IPCC. SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was calibrated and validated using daily streamflow from 1987 to 2012. Climate scenarios A2 and B2 were used to simulate the hydrological conditions for the period 2071-2100. The model presented satisfactory fit compared to the observed data allowing the simulation of the current hydrological conditions, therefore permitting the simulation of future climate change impacts in green and blue water. We found that despite the increase in potential evapotranspiration of 19% and 12% for A2 and B2 scenario respectively, caused by the increase in temperature, the reduction in rainfall amount (19% for A2 and 23% for B2) induced to a reduction in actual evapotranspiration (16% for A2 and 33% for B2), which correspond to green water, and a reduction of 21% for A2 scenario and 14% for B2 scenario in blue water availability.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Revista Brasileira d...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Revista Brasileira d...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Cardoso, Miguel;

    A política marítima integrada da União Europeia veio introduzir, nas águas sob jurisdição nacional, uma nova abordagem de gestão, que visa identificar as diferentes atividades e usos do mar, bem como os diferentes stakeholders, por forma a organizar e a ordenar o espaço marítimo português. Desta forma, um processo de licenciamento simplificado, eficiente e transparente representa um instrumento valioso ao dispor do Estado com forte impacto nos três seguintes aspetos: proteção do meio ambiente, ordenamento do território e desenvolvimento socioeconómico. O desejado licenciamento simplificado na administração pública permitiria aos gestores tomar melhores opções sobre as atividades que fazem uso do mar, desde logo lidar com a incerteza das atividades emergentes em contraponto com as mais tradicionais. Face ao valor económico, ambiental e social que as atividades emergentes representam, é expectável que num futuro próximo haja um potencial de conflito de interesses com as atividades ditas tradicionais. Abstract: The Integrated Maritime Policy of the European Union has introduced in the waters under national jurisdiction a new management approach that aims to identify the different activities and uses of the sea, and the various stakeholders, in order to organize and to order the Portuguese maritime space. Thus a simplified, efficient and transparent licensing process is a valuable tool to the State, having a strong impact in the following three aspects: environmental protection, land use and socio-economic development. The desired simplified licensing in the public service would allow managers to make better choices about the activities that make use of the sea, starting with the uncertainty of emerging activities as opposed to the more traditional. Given the economic, environmental and social value that emerging activities represent, it is expected that in the near future, a potential conflict of interest with the socalled traditional activities occurs. N/A

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositório Comumarrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ferreira, Rui Jorge Martins;

    Nowadays, sustainability is one of the most debated topics worldwide. The degradation of the environment is visible on a daunting scale and the willingness to change begins with this concern. Changes in the scarcity of natural resources have become a reality in recent years. Thinking about the subject for a while is enough to understand that this environmental problem is directly linked to a set of social and economic factors that must be resolved. Faced with this situation, one of the major challenges for the fishing industry is to take effective measures that minimize or eliminate their negative impacts, making the necessary changes in the shortest possible time. The fishing industry is considered harmful since it causes various environmental problems due to its production processes. Therefore, new behavioral standards appeared regarding ecological issues, and society has played an important role in these changes. Both the demand side and the supply side, indicate an increased effort in this direction. There are consumers who are looking for environmentally correct products and organizations and companies whose actions aim to preserve the planet. Taking into account all of these problems arising from the fishing industry, it was necessary to develop methods that analyze these attitudes in detail and value the fishing products, from their origin to their final consumption. Thus, ecological certifications have emerged in an attempt to solve them. The advantages of ecological certifications are many and specific. However, they all ensure faster changes, more sustainable products, and a better image of the certified company. The study of ecological certifications is extremely important to compare between those that already exist, to get to know in which areas they operate, how they improve the fishing industry, and to understand their relevance. This study focuses on the importance of sustainability and, more specifically, ecological certifications for Portuguese fishing companies. The applied methods, namely, a simple mediation model, made it possible to understand the effect of the adoption of ecological certifications by Portuguese fishing companies on the performance of these same fishing companies. It was possible to conclude that operating income has a significant and positive effect in promoting the adoption of ecological certifications by Portuguese fishing companies, leading to a better performance of these same companies. Thus, indirectly, these results suggest that fish products with ecological certifications have a higher sales volume than non-certified products. In addition, this study also seeks to understand how this topic is changing the vision of companies to be more concerned with the planet's sustainability and in doing things to be sustainable and more ecological. Hoje em dia a sustentabilidade, a degradação do meio ambiente, e a escassez de recursos são dos temas mais debatidos. Basta refletir poucos minutos no assunto para se perceber que este problema ambiental está diretamente ligado a um conjunto de fatores sociais e económicos que têm de ser resolvidos. Perante esta situação, um dos grandes desafios que se coloca à indústria, nomeadamente, ao setor da pesca, é adotar medidas eficazes que minimizem ou eliminem os seus impactos negativos, fazendo as mudanças necessárias no menor tempo possível. A indústria da pesca é considerada prejudicial uma vez que causa vários problemas ambientais devido aos seus processos produtivos. Neste sentido, começaram a surgir novos padrões de comportamento, e a sociedade tem desempenhado um papel relevante nessas mudanças. Quer da parte da procura, quer da parte da oferta denota-se um esforço acrescido nesse sentido. Existem consumidores que procuram produtos ambientalmente sustentáveis e há organizações e empresas que têm ações voltadas à preservação do planeta. Tendo em conta todos esses problemas derivados da indústria da pesca e, numa tentativa de os solucionar, foi necessário criar-se métodos que analisem detalhadamente estas atitudes e que valorizem os produtos de pesca, pensando na sustentabilidade e na economia circular. Assim, surgiram as certificações ecológicas. As vantagens que as certificações ecológicas apresentam são variadas e visam assegurar mudanças mais rápidas, produtos mais sustentáveis e uma melhor imagem da empresa certificada. O estudo da sua relevância no setor das pescas é fundamental. A presente dissertação tem como foco a importância da sustentabilidade e, mais especificamente, das certificações ecológicas para as empresas de pesca portuguesas. Os métodos de trabalho utilizados, nomeadamente, um modelo de mediação simples, permitiram perceber o efeito da adoção de certificações ecológicas por parte das empresas de pesca portuguesas no desempenho dessas mesmas empresas. Foi possível concluir que a receita operacional tem um efeito significativo e positivo na promoção da adoção de certificações ecológicas por parte das empresas de pesca portuguesas, levando a um melhor desempenho dessas mesmas empresas. Assim, indiretamente, estes resultados sugerem que produtos de pesca com certificações ecológicas têm um volume de vendas superior aos produtos não certificados. Além disso, o estudo procura ainda entender de que forma este tema está a mudar a visão das empresas no sentido de se preocuparem mais com a sustentabilidade do planeta e em fazerem por ser sustentáveis e mais ecológicas. Dissertação de mestrado em Economia Industrial e da Empresa

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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
      Other ORP type . 2023
      License: CC BY NC ND
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    Authors: Nascimento, Sandra Carla Oliveira Do; Araujo, Rogerio Cesar Pereira; Nascimento, Sandra Carla Oliveira Do; Araujo, Rogerio Cesar Pereira;

    While the fishery production reaches its pick and runs to its decline, the aquaculture comes out as an alternative to reduce the pressure over the marine stock of fish. The coastal aquaculture led by the shrimp farming is rapidly expanding in the developing countries, and not less expressive are the initiatives to develop the rural aquaculture. Besides that the consolidation of the new paradigm of sustainable development, the aquaculture needs to be investigated regarding its sustainability. In this sense, having the systemic method as theoretical foundation, indicators are proposed to evaluate the sustainability of a project being carried out in the Castanhão reservoir, in Jaguaribara-CE, called Curupati-Peixe Project, that cultivates Nile Tilápia in net-ponds. The sustainability dimensions evaluated are economic-social, technological and environmental, that are considered here as subsystems. Theses indicators showed that the pisciculture project of Curupati-Peixe had a median level of sustainability, being the social dimension the one that contributed more to the observed performance.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
    Other literature type . 2008
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.22004/ag...
      Other literature type . 2008
      Data sources: Datacite
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