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The energy transition is a global reality. In Brazil, the market is already signaling interest in investing in offshore wind, as can be seen from the environmental licensing processes underway at the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (Ibama). This article carries out an environmental impact assessment (EIA) for this typology on the Brazilian coast. To this end, the activities of an offshore wind farm were listed for the planning, installation and operation phases of the project. Based on this information, a correlation is made with the environmental impacts identified when carrying out similar activities already carried out by the Brazilian offshore industry (ports, oil and gas exploration and production). Finally, these results are compared with environmental impacts already reported in projects of this type already implemented in the North Sea, United Kingdom. The results of the analysis indicate that, despite the development of significant knowledge about EIA of offshore wind projects, there are still gaps to fill in the consolidation of an effective procedure for assessing the environmental impacts of these projects.

Cette thèse est basée sur des simulations numériques régionales et aborde, d’un point de vue énergétique, la variabilité à Méso (O(10-100)km) et Sous-mésoéchelle (O(0.1-10)km) dans la région du Courant des Aiguilles.(i) La variabilité de sous-mésoéchelle à la transition entre les deux branches du Courant des Aiguilles (28◦E-26◦E) est dominée, en l’absence de méandres de mésoéchelle, par des tourbillons cycloniques frontaux formant un ‘vortex street’. La tension ambiante frontogénétique intensifie le cisaillement frontal qui déclenche l’instabilité barotrope menant à la génération de tourbillons de sous-mésoéchelle.(ii) Un budget modal d’Energie Cinétique des Tourbillons est développé pour caractériser les transferts d’énergie entre les différentes structures verticales. Les interactions canalisées par la topographie (3 processus) résultent globalement en une perte d’énergie pour les tourbillons de mésoéchelle plus grande que les processus de dissipation (friction au fond et vent) et une cascade verticale inverse (interactions triadiques) renforce les tourbillons de mésoéchelle dans les zones au large.(iii) Notre budget modal permet de caractériser la région du Courant des Aiguilles comme une source nette d’énergie pour les tourbillons de mésoéchelle en contradiction avec celui estimé à partir de données d’altimétrie. Cette différence vient des données d’altimétrie ne tenant pas compte de la contribution principale de la dynamique aux sources et puits d’énergie des tourbillons de mésoéchelle (partie linéaire de la dynamique agéostrophique du mode barotrope et du 1er mode barocline). This dissertation is based on regional numerical simulations and addresses, from an energetic perspective, the Meso (O(10-100)km) and Submesoscale (O(0.1- 10)km) variability in the Agulhas Current region.(i) Submesoscale variability at the transition between the two Agulhas Current branches (28◦E-26◦E) is dominated, in the absence of mesoscale meanders, by cyclonic frontal eddies forming a ’vortex street’. The frontogenetic background strain intensifies the frontal shear which triggers the barotropic instability leading to submesoscale eddies generation.(ii) A modal Eddy Kinetic Energy budget is derived to characterize the energy transfers between the different vertical structures. Interactions canalized by topography (3 processes) globally result in a larger energy loss for mesoscale eddies than dissipation processes (bottom friction and wind) and an inverse vertical cascade (triadic interactions) reinforces mesoscale eddies in offshore areas.(iii) Our modal budget allows to characterize the Agulhas Current region as a net energy source for mesoscale eddies in contradiction with one inferred from altimetry data. The discrepancies come from altimetry data not accounting for the main contribution of the dynamics to mesoscale eddies energy sources and sinks (ageostrophic linear part of the dynamics of the barotropic and 1st baroclinic modes).

Localisation of humanitarian aid has emerged as a major issue after the World Humanitarian Summit in 2016 which emphasised the importance of locally-led response as a corrective to power imbalances in the humanitarian system. However, the practical complexities of localised humanitarian aid are yet to be fully discussed. This paper aims to examine the concept of localisation in humanitarian aid through a case study of a local non-governmental organisation, the Cambodian Children's Trust (CCT), in Cambodia. Drawing on the framework of localisation proposed by Baguios et al., (2021), we analyse the application of localisation of child protection programs run by CCT. We provide a holistic understanding of how localisation is conducted in practice, and the impacts it has on the wider humanitarian sector. Our study illustrates that power can be effectively developed to local entities and localisation with empowerment could be achieved despite highly challenging conditions.

In this paper, the mathematical analysis of the robot effective mass is presented. The calculation of this effective mass and its ellipsoid are included. The relationship between the robot effective mass and the external force (collision) affecting the robot end-effector is investigated. The effective mass is analyzed using different robot configurations and different end-effector positions. This analysis is conducted using 2-DOF and 3-DOF planar robots and executed using MATLAB. The results from this analysis prove that the robot effective mass depends on the its configurations and end-effector position. Effective mass can thus be considered as one of the criteria in optimizing robot kinematics and configuration.

LIFE CERSUDS is a project carried out over the period 2016-2019 whom the main objective was to improve the ability of cities to adapt to climate change by promoting the use of green infrastructures in the renewal of urban environments. Under the project, an innovative permeable urban pavement (hereinafter, CERSUDS) was designed using ceramic tile stock of low commercial value. This pavement solution was tested in a demonstrator in the town of Benicí ssim. The main objective of the project was to improve the ability of cities to adapt to climate change by promoting the use of green infrastructures in the renewal of urban environments. Under the project, a Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS) was built as a demonstrator in the town of Benicí ssim, using ceramic tile stock of low commercial value to manufacture an innovative permeable floor (hereinafter, CERSUDS flooring), a subject already dealt with in an earlier presentation at this congress . Once the demonstrator had been built, a monitoring period was run between August 2018 and July 2019, which enabled both the CERSUDS floor and the demonstrator's value as a rainwater management system to be validated. This article presents the design process of the ceramic permeable pavement including the main results of the tests carried in the laboratory and the main results of the project relate to: environmental and economic assessment of the CERSUDS system, user's validation of the system, monitoring of the system's mechanical performance and permeability, and monitoring of the demonstrator's hydraulic response in terms of the quantity and quality of run-off water.

FAERE Working Paper, 2019.23 ; While environmental values are spreading among societies, theyhardly lead to effective political actions. This may be due to an overestimation of the sharing of those values among people, or to a lack ofpolitical power of environmentalists vis-à-vis materialist citizens. Wepropose a theoretical model to investigate these two channels, based ona setup a la Grossman and Helpman (1994), in which lobby is a strategy available to social groups, in order to influence the government onenvironmental taxes. Because societies have being historically markedby materialist habits, citizens sharing those habits face lower costswhen getting organized. By considering endogenous lobby formation ala Mitra (1999), we show that, in order for environmental and materialist lobbies to coexist, the society must be mixed enough. Based on adynamic framework a la Besley and Persson (2019), we investigate howsocial values change over time. Whenever lobbying by materialists prevails, a unique social equilibrium exists, featuring a stable hegemonyby materialist values. If environmentalists get organized too, a secondsocial equilibrium emerges, that is locally stable and more favorableto them. However, the threshold might be very high, above which thecultural transition effectively takes off. By calibrating the model, westudy counter-acting forces allowing to improve the odds of the environmental transition, such as cultural mutations, social-signaling, andlowering organizational costs. Finally, we provide policy implications. ; Alors que les valeurs environnementales se répandent dans les sociétés, elles ne débouchent guère sur des actions politiques efficaces. Cela peut être dû à une surestimation du partage de ces valeurs entre les gens, ou à un manque de pouvoir politique des écologistes vis-à-vis des citoyens matérialistes. Nous proposons un modèle théorique pour investiguer ces deux canaux, basé sur un cadre à la Grossman et Helpman (1994), dans lequel le lobbying est une stratégie à la disposition des ...

This deliverable includes the methodology in EnergyPROSPECTS for an in-depth study of energy citizenship. It features the criteria used for selecting the cases for indepth study, the list of cases selected for in-depth study as well as key research foci and empirical research questions.

The rapidly changing climate presents unprecedented challenges, especially in permafrost regions, where its thawing directly affects houses, mines, roads, pipelines, airport runways, and rail tracks. Monitoring the dynamics of ground ice in permafrost landscapes is essential for assessing geohazards and adapting infrastructure to changing conditions. This abstract presents a new initiative utilizing cosmic neutrons metrology for permafrost studies, specifically focusing on ground-ice content monitoring. Traditional methods for assessing ground-ice content in permafrost regions involve labor-intensive surveys and analysis of geomorphological features. However, these approaches are often limited in spatial coverage and may not capture the full extent of ground-ice distribution. In response to these challenges, we propose leveraging cosmic neutrons as a non-invasive and scalable method for assessing ground-ice content. Cosmic neutrons naturally penetrate the Earth's surface and interact with hydrogen atoms in the soil, including those bound in water molecules. By measuring the cosmic neutron albedo, which is the flux of epithermal neutrons that are partially thermalized in the ground, we can infer the presence and distribution of ground ice. This approach builds upon established techniques used for soil moisture monitoring, adapting them for permafrost studies. In that regard, we conducted Monte Carlo simulations of cosmic neutron transport and interaction with modeled ground to investigate the feasibility of using cosmic neutrons for ground-ice content monitoring. Our simulations considered various ground compositions and ice concentrations to assess the sensitivity of cosmic neutron measurements to ground-ice content. The results of our simulations provide promising proof-of-concept for the proposed method, demonstrating its potential for accurately estimating ground-ice content in permafrost landscapes. Additionally, we are developing at DOSEO (CEA – Saclay, France) thermal over fast neutron reference fields that could be used to test, characterize, and calibrate detectors specifically for the presented application. The proposed method offers several advantages. Firstly, it provides measurements on a metric scale (~10m wide on ~1m depth), effectively balancing local detail with regional coverage, thus making it well-suited for mapping geohazards on a kilometric scale. Additionally, cosmic neutrons albedo measurements is non-destructive and non-invasive and can be applied across diverse permafrost landscapes, offering valuable insights into ground-ice dynamics. Moreover, mapping ground-ice content is feasible through the flexible deployment of neutron detectors. These detectors can either be moved around the study area to gather spatially distributed measurements or installed as fixed monitoring stations, enabling continuous observation of ground-ice dynamics across different seasons and over time. Integration of data from cosmic neutrons albedo measurements into Geographic Information System (GIS) applications enhances the ability to map geohazards and predict future changes in permafrost landscape stability. By combining information on ground-ice content with elevation, drainage patterns, periglacial features, and infrastructure, a better understanding of the interactions between climate change and geohazards in permafrost regions is achievable.In conclusion, cosmic neutrons metrology offers a promising approach for monitoring ground-ice content in permafrost landscapes. By advancing our understanding of permafrost dynamics, this initiative contributes to the broader goals of cryosphere monitoring and sustainable development.

O setor das telecomunicações encontra-se em transição para a quinta geração de redes sem fios. Esta transição vem acompanhada de novos desafios, nomeadamente o aumento do número de dispositivos conectados. O facto de haver mais dispositivos a consumir mais largura de banda aumentará inevitavelmente o consumo de energia e, consequentemente, a pegada de carbono das redes sem fios, a menos que se aumente a eficiência energética. Face a este desafio, este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para o aumento da eficiência energética de antenas altamente dirigidas e flexíveis, na forma de agregados de antenas. As estratégias exploradas neste trabalho centram-se na manipulação dos sinais radiados, o que significa que estes sinais são substancialmente diferentes do sinal a ser transmitido. O sinal transmitido é, contudo, devidamente reconstruido no campo distante. Foram investigadas duas abordagens para gerar os sinais radiados. A primeira abordagem consiste em dividir a antena em duas partes, cada uma das quais radia um sinal modulado em fase, uma vez que estes sinais permitem operar os amplificadores com eficiência máxima. A segunda abordagem consiste em radiar sinais intermitentes (burst signals, em inglês), de modo a que cada burst seja um sinal modulado em fase. Embora a primeira abordagem não tenha vingado, a segunda abordagem permite reduzir o consumo de energia entre 12% e 44% e a potência dissipada entre 73% e 84%, desde que os amplificadores possam ser desligados durante os períodos de inatividade dos sinais intermitentes. The telecommunications sector is currently transiting towards the fifth generation wireless networks. Such a transition comes with new challenges, in particular the growth of the number of connected devices. Having more devices consuming more bandwidth shall unavoidably increase the power consumption of wireless networks, and thus its carbon footprint, unless energy efficiency is increased. For this reason, this work aims to contribute to increasing the energy efficiency of highly directive and flexible antenna transmitters: phased array antennas. The strategies explored in this work focus on manipulating the radiated signals, which means that such signals are substantially different from the signal to be transmitted. The signal to be transmitted is nonetheless correctly reconstructed in the far field. Two approaches for generating the radiated signals were investigated. The first approach consists in partitioning the antenna in two halves, each of which radiates a phased modulated signal, since such signals allow to operate the power amplifiers at maximum efficiency. The second approach consists in radiating burst signals, such that each burst is a phased modulated signal. Although the first approach proved ineffective, the second approach allows reducing power consumption between 12% and 44% and the dissipated power between 73% and 84%, provided that power amplifiers can be switched off during the idle periods of the bursts. Mestrado em Engenharia Física

ABSTRACT Acting with a broad spectrum in mind leads to a landscape of certainty, which is why its application in Mexican MSMEs is a priority for economic evolution, through the best strategies it is possible to be a unique offerer, endowed with competitive advantages; that is why the objective of this analysis is to determine the current focus and research trends of technological strategies applied to MSMEs globally in order to direct future research towards a path focused on the best practices with application in Mexico; based on a review of the current state of the art and a prospection of future trends using a co-occurrence analysis, a remarkable synergy between MSMEs-Technological strategies-Innovation-Sustainability-Technological Inclusion has been identified, which has given rise to several assertions among which stand out: the importance of applying technological strategies to MSMEs with replicability effect, the current scenario of disadvantage in relation to increased global competitiveness, the use of best practices applied by current research leaders and the orientation of a government to achieve revolutionary change. RESUMEN Actuar con una perspectiva de amplio espectro conduce a un panorama de certeza, razón por la cual su aplicación en las Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (MIPYMES) mexicanas es una prioridad para la evolución económica. A través de las mejores estrategias, es posible ser un oferente único, dotado de ventajas competitivas; por eso, el objetivo de este análisis es determinar el enfoque actual y las tendencias de investigación de estrategias tecnológicas aplicadas a las MIPYMES a nivel mundial, con el fin de dirigir futuras investigaciones hacia un camino enfocado en las mejores prácticas con aplicación en México. Con base en una revisión del estado actual del arte y una prospección de tendencias futuras utilizando un análisis de co-ocurrencia, se ha identificado una notoria sinergia entre las MIPYMES, las estrategias tecnológicas, la innovación, la sostenibilidad y la inclusión tecnológica. Esto ha dado lugar a varias afirmaciones, entre las que destacan: la importancia de aplicar estrategias tecnológicas a las MIPYMES con efecto replicable, el escenario actual de desventaja en relación con el aumento de la competitividad global, el uso de las mejores prácticas aplicadas por los líderes actuales en investigación y la orientación de un gobierno para lograr un cambio revolucionario.