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Речная сеть является основной дреной подземных вод территорий. Она создается в течение длительного периода и определяется геологическими, климатическими и орографическими условиями. Дренирующая способность гидрографической сети зависит не только от ее густоты, но и от скорости стекание по ней вод. Последняя определяется площадью живого сечения, уклоном, шероховатостью русла. В статье показано, что речной лед северных рек, как сезонное гидравлическое сопротивление, также может оказывать существенное влияние на дренирующую способность гидрографической сети. На примере стока рек в теплые и холодные зимы показано, что ледяной покров регулирует участие подземных вод разных уровней дренирования в формировании речного стока. С потеплением климата регулирующая роль ледяного покрова снижается. Возрастает скорость сработки подземных вод верхних участков речных бассейнов, сопровождаемая увеличением водности в нижних звеньях гидрографической сети. За последние 30-40 лет вклад подземных вод приводораздельной части речных бассейнов в питание рек лесной зоны в межень снизился на 20% по сравнению с предшествующим «квазистационарным» климатическим периодом. Происходит «подсушка» верховьев речных бассейнов, несмотря на рост годовых осадков. В перспективе, при сохранение современных тенденций изменения климата, возможно дальнейшее снижение подземного питания рек, так как дренирующая роль гидрографической сети возрастет. Уменьшение запасов подземных вод в речных бассейнах приведет к снижению их регулирующей роли в речном стоке и может возрасти частота наступления экстремально низкой водности. Это необходимо учитывать при разработке адаптивных мероприятий водного хозяйства к изменению климата. Литература Алексеев В.Р. Наледи. Новосибирск: Наука, 1987. 158 с. Бузин В.А. Заторы льда и заторные наводнения на реках. СПб.: Гидрометеоиздат, 2004. 202 с. Гуревич Е.В. Влияние температуры воздуха на зимний сток рек (на примере бассейна р. Алдан) // Метеорология и гидрология. 2009. № 9. С. 92-99. Донченко Р.В. Ледовый режим рек СССР. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1987. 246 с. Кравченко В.В. Роль наледей в формировании зимнего речного стока и ледяного покрова рек западной части зоны БАМа // Труды Государственного гидрологического института. 1986. Вып. 312. С. 34-84. Марков М.Л. Пространственно-временная динамика взаимосвязи поверхностных и подземных вод // Сборник работ по гидрологии. 2002. №25. С. 90-104. Наставление гидрометеорологическим станциям и постам. Выпуск 6. Гидрологические наблюдения и работы на речных станциях и постах. Часть III. Составление и подготовка к печати гидрологического ежегодника. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1958. 292 с. Разумов В.В., Разумова Н.В., Молчанов Э.Н. Подтопление земель в Сибирском регионе России // Геориск. 2015. № 4. С. 22-35. Чижов А.Н. Формирование ледяного покрова и пространственное распределение его толщины. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1990. 125 с. Шикломанов И.А., Георгиевский В.Ю. Влияние антропогенных изменений климата на гидрологический режим и водные ресурсы // Изменения климата и их последствия: Материалы специальной сессии Ученого совета Центра международного сотрудничества по проблемам окружающей среды, посвященной 80-летию акад. М.И. Будыко (19-20 мая 1999 г.). / Отв. ред. Г.В. Менжулин. СПб.: Наука, 2002. С. 152-164. Kuusisto E., Elo A.-R. Lake and river ice variables as climate indicators in Northern Europe. SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010. 2000. Vol. 27. Iss. 5. P. 2761-2764. DOI: 10.1080/03680770.1998.11898168 Рrowse T.D., Вonsal B.R., Duguay C.R, Lacroix M.P. River-ice break-up/freeze-up: a review of climatic drivers, historical trends and future predictions. Annals of Glaciology. 2007. Vol. 46. P. 443-451. DOI: 10.3189/172756407782871431 The river network is the main drainage of underground waters of the territories. It is created over a long period and is determined by geological, climatic and orographic conditions. The draining capacity of a hydrographic network depends not only on its density, but also on the speed of water flowing down it. The latter is determined by the area of the living section, slope, roughness of the riverbed. The article shows that the river ice of the Northern rivers, as a seasonal hydraulic resistance, can also have a significant impact on the drainage capacity of the hydrographic network. On the example of river flow in warm and cold winters, it is shown that the ice cover regulates the participation of groundwater at different levels of drainage in the formation of river flow. As the climate warms, the regulatory role of the ice cover decreases. The rate of underground water treatment in the upper sections of river basins increases, accompanied by an increase in water content in the lower parts of the hydrographic network. Over the past 30-40 years, the contribution of groundwater in the watershed of the river basins to the supply of rivers in the forest zone in mezhen decreased by 20 compared to the previous quasi-stationary climate period. There is a drying of the upper reaches of river basins, despite the growth of annual precipitation. In the future, if the current trends of climate change continue, it is possible to further reduce the underground supply of rivers, as the drainage role of the hydrographic network will increase. The reduction of groundwater reserves in river basins will reduce their regulatory role in river flow and may increase the frequency of occurrence of extremely low water content. This should be taken into account when developing adaptive water management measures to climate change. References Alekseev V.R. Naledi Frazil. Novosibirsk, Publ. Nauka, 1987. 158 p. (In Russian). Buzin V.A. Zatory lda i zatornye navodneniya na rekakh Ice jams and mash floods on rivers. St. Petersburg, Publ. Gidrometeoizdat, 2004. 202 p. (In Russian). Chizhov A.N. Formirovanie ledyanogo pokrova i prostranstvennoe raspredelenie ego tolshchiny Ice pack formation and space distribution of the ice pack depth. Leningrad, Publ. Gidrometeoizdat, 1990. 125 p. (In Russian abstract in English). Donchenko R.V. Ledovyi rezhim rek SSSR Ice regime of the USSR rivers. Leningrad, Publ. Gidrometeoizdat, 1987. 246 p. (In Russian abstract in English). Gurevich E.V. Influence of air temperature on the river runoff in winter (the Aldan river catchment case study). Russian Meteorology and Hydrology, 2009, vol. 34, iss. 9, pp. 628-633. (Russ ed.: Gurevich E.V. Vliyanie temperatury vozdukha na zimnii stok rek (na primere basseina r. Aldan). Meteorologija i gidrologija, 2009, no. 9, pp. 92-99). DOI: 10.3103/S1068373909090088 Kravchenko V.V. Rol naledei v formirovanii zimnego rechnogo stoka i ledyanogo pokrova rek zapadnoi chasti zony BAMa The role of icing in the formation of winter river runoff and ice cover of rivers in the western part of the BAM zone. Trudy Gosudarstvennogo gidrologicheskogo institute Transactions of the State Hydrological Institute. 1986, vol. 312, pp. 34-84. (In Russian). Kuusisto E., Elo A.-R. Lake and river ice variables as climate indicators in Northern Europe. SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010, 2000, vol. 27, iss. 5, pp. 2761-2764. DOI: 10.1080/03680770.1998.11898168 Markov M.L. Prostranstvenno-vremennaya dinamika vzaimosvyazi poverkhnostnykh i podzemnykh vod Spatial-temporal dynamics of the relationship of surface and groundwater. Sbornik rabot po gidrologii Collection of works on hydrology, 2002, No 25, pp. 90-104. (In Russian). Nastavlenie gidrometeorologicheskim stantsiyam i postam. Vypusk 6. Gidrologicheskie nablyudeniya i raboty na rechnykh stantsiyakh i postakh. Chast tretya. Sostavlenie i podgotovka k pechati gidrologicheskogo ezhegodnika Manual to hydrometeorological stations and posts. Issue 6. Hydrological observations and work at river stations and posts. Part three. Compilation and preparation for printing of the hydrological yearbook. Leningrad, Publ. Gidrometeoizdat, 1958. 292 p. (In Russian). Рrowse T.D., Вonsal B.R., Duguay C.R, Lacroix M.P. River-ice break-up/freeze-up: a review of climatic drivers, historical trends and future predictions. Annals of Glaciology, 2007, vol. 46, pp. 443-451. DOI: 10.3189/172756407782871431 Razumov V.V., Razumova N.V., Molchanov E.N. Podtoplenie zemel v Sibirskom regione Rossii Flooding of lands in the Siberian Region of Russia. Georisk Georisk, 2015, no. 4, pp. 22-35. (In Russian abstract in English). Shiklomanov I.A., Georgievskii V.Yu. Vliyanie antropogennykh izmenenii klimata na gidrologicheskii rezhim i vodnye resursy The impact of anthropogenic climate change on the hydrological regime and water resources. In Menzhulin G.V. (ed.) Izmeneniya klimata i ikh posledstviya: Materialy spetsialnoi sessii Uchenogo soveta Tsentra mezhdunarodnogo sotrudnichestva po problemam okruzhayushchei sredy, posvyashchennoi 80-letiyu akad. M.I. Budyko (19-20 maya 1999 g.). Climate change and their consequences: Materials of a special session of the Scientific Council of the Center for International Cooperation on Environmental Issues, dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Acad. M.I. Budyko (May 19-20, 1999). St. Petersburg, Nauka, 2002, pp. 152-164. (In Russian).

This research arises from the need to enhance the accuracy of optimizing the equipment of stand-alone energy systems with renewable energy sources and storage batteries. Objective. The paper aims to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating the storage battery categorization process into the task of optimizing the equipment of stand-alone energy systems with renewable energy sources, to identify factors affecting the storage battery categorization process and, finally, to summarize and conduct a detailed analysis of the information obtained. Methods. The theoretical framework for this paper borrows from the systems theory and commonly known mathematical models that make it possible to configure the main operating parameters of stand-alone energy systems with renewable energy sources and storage batteries. Extensive use is made of actinometric, wind energy and many other natural and climatic indicators obtained by processing long-term meteorological series at weather stations such as Nome, Kodiak and Adak (Alaska, USA). The results. A methodology was suggested to integrate the storage battery categorization process into the task of optimizing the equipment of stand-alone energy systems using renewable energy sources. The paper presents the research outcomes produced by three conditional stand-alone energy systems using renewable sources and storage batteries. The research findings pointed to the relationship between generation equipment and the total storage battery capacity. An analysis of the research findings was made, followed by appropriate conclusions, their visual representation and assessment of their reliability and potential use in optimization-focused research on stand-alone energy systems.

Activities of GABA-catabolising enzymes and the contents of some amino acids have been studied in the liver of the rats with different types of alcohol cessation after its systemic administration. Intermittent alcohol intoxication was accompanied by activation of liver GABA catabolism in case of the lowest alcohol load. However ethanol in higher doses and prolongation of intermittent alcohol administration decreased GABA catabolism. It is suggested that the observed changes may reflect non-specific adaptation of hepatocytes to the excessive alcohol consumption and its further cessation.

In the US, many private energy companies are implementing programs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as using renewable energy sources and improving energy efficiency. They aim to solve social problems through business by linking socially important issues to their own practices such as corporate philosophy, business strategies and environmental management. In Japan, in recent years, companies have focused on procuring needed zero-emission electricity from renewable energy sources (RES), in addition to efforts to improve energy conservation and energy efficiency.

About 36% of greenhouse gas emissions in the EU are accounted for by the construction of buildings and the use of energy in them. To reduce energy consumption in buildings, it is necessary to introduce more energy-efficient technologies. However, there are barriers to the introduction of energy-efficient technologies. Inertia, risk, access to capital and lack of knowledge are considered the most noticeable obstacles to the introduction of energy-efficient technologies. In order to expand the implementation of energy-efficient technologies in buildings, it is necessary to expand knowledge throughout the industry, and stakeholders need to consolidate at all stages of creating an energy-efficient residential environment. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is of paramount importance to mitigate the effects of global warming. To reduce emissions from buildings, it is necessary both to reduce emissions during the construction phase and to reduce energy consumption during the operation of the building. Energy consumption during the operation phase of a building depends on several different factors, such as the behavior of residents, the thermophysical properties of the building, the technical details of the structure, the climate, as well as the maintenance and quality of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. For buildings to become more energy efficient, it is necessary to take into account all these aspects. The article analyzes the experience of the USA and the EU countries, which are actively developing innovative developments in the field of energy-efficient construction and modernization of existing buildings in order to increase their energy-saving resource. Originally published in https://ruservices.rgutspubl.org/index.php/1/article/view/281

Experiments were made with 800 white outbred mice inhaling benzo [a] pyrene (BP) and volatile coal ash for a long time. Experiments showed that BP is 10-1000-fold more carcinogenic than volatile coal ash. BP inhalation at a sanitary standard level (0.1 microgram/100 m3 of air) corresponds to equivalent risk of total gamma-emission about 2 Sv. Coal ash inhalation in concentration 0.05 mg/m3 corresponds to the same equivalent risk as for the dose 0.05 Sv.

The forecast predicts that by 2040 electric energy consumption will have increased more than twofold. Even today, providing electricity to remote areas is characterized by the absence or shortage of supply. The construction of power lines for a small number of consumers in remote areas is costly and, therefore, not economically viable. Partially, the energy supply of remote areas is provided by diesel power stations. However, the high cost of fuel combined with its transportation results in a high price on electric power and diesel power stations negatively impact our environment. Meanwhile, the modernization of active or the construction of new generators based on the usage of renewable energy sources, especially wind, significantly reduces the cost of electricity generation and presents a holistic solution for many remote or isolated areas. This effect may become more visible via innovative tools for the management of development and operation of energy supply facilities for remote areas that do not have access to a centralized energy grid. В соответствие с прогнозом, к 2040 году потребление электроэнергии увеличится более чем в два раза. Даже сегодня обеспечение электроэнергией отдаленных районов характеризуется отсутствием или нехваткой электроснабжения. Строительство линий электропередачи для небольшого числа потребителей в отдаленных районах затратно и, следовательно, экономически нецелесообразно. Частично энергоснабжение отдаленных районов обеспечивается дизельными электростанциями. Однако высокая стоимость топлива в сочетании с его транспортировкой приводит к высокой цене на электроэнергию, а дизельные электростанции негативно влияют на нашу окружающую среду. Между тем, модернизация действующих или строительство новых генераторов, основанных на использовании возобновляемых источников энергии, особенно ветра, значительно снижает стоимость производства электроэнергии и представляет собой комплексное решение для многих отдаленных или изолированных территорий. Этот эффект может стать более заметным благодаря инновационным инструментам управления развитием и эксплуатацией объектов энергоснабжения отдаленных территорий, не имеющих доступа к централизованной энергосистеме.

The article presents the results of plant breeding and evaluation of spring triticale gene pool of the International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement CIMMYT (Mexico) in the agro-climatic conditions of the Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation, the forms are diverse in morphology, length of the growing season, productivity, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, grain quality. The best examples are used in the breeding of new varieties of triticale.

The assessment of the carbon storage capacity of forests has reached the global level, and the assessment of greenhouse gas absorption at carbon landfills is relevant. The authors have developed and published three author's databases on the biological productivity of Eurasian forests. It is shown that for databases, correct algorithms of alternative methods give close results, and an incorrect algorithm gives a significant shift in the result in relation to the model of the same ideology, but built according to the correct algorithm. The resulting models are used to predict changes in these indicators over time based on the principle of spatio-temporal substitution. It has been established that the climatic conditionality of the studied bioproduction indicators is of a general nature for both quantitative and qualimetric indicators of the biomass of trees and forest stands. The resulting models are applied in the construction of a neural network to predict changes in these indicators over time based on the principle of space-time substitution. In the process of machine learning and solution, it was found that the climatic conditionality of the studied bioproduction indicators is of a general nature for both quantitative and qualimetric indicators of the biomass of trees and forest stands.