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  • 7. Clean energy
  • 13. Climate action
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Medeiros, Camila Santos;

    As alterações climáticas são já há algumas décadas consideradas uma ameaça real às cidades, que via de regra não estão preparadas para lidar com a incerteza que caracteriza o referido fenômeno, tampouco com seus impactos. Nas cidades costeiras essa ameaça é ainda maior em função de fenômenos como a elevação do nível médio do mar e as alterações nos padrões de precipitação intensa de curta duração, que aumentam exponencialmente o risco de inundação destes territórios, ameaçando a sua manutenção e desenvolvimento no futuro. Sendo os sistemas de transporte uma das estruturas principais para o funcionamento de uma cidade, a vulnerabilidade destes à momentos de inundação, pode determinar um alto risco para suas funções básicas. O que este trabalho pretende é abordar a vulnerabilidade dos sistemas de transporte às inundações em cidades costeiras; como os impactos das alterações climáticas são ou serão capazes de alterar os padrões de mobilidade em uma cidade; e como é possível responder a estas incertezas através dos processos de adaptação para a resiliência, com exemplos práticos de cidades que tiveram que lidar com estas questões em situações pós-desastre. Climate change has for some decades been considered a real threat to cities, which are mostly not prepared to deal with the uncertainty that characterizes this phenomenon, nor with its impacts. In coastal cities, this threat is even greater because of phenomena such as the rise in mean sea level and changes in the patterns of intense short-term precipitation that exponentially increase the risk of flooding of these territories, threatening their maintenance and development in the future . In the other hand, transport systems are one of the main structures for the operation of a city, so their vulnerability to flooding can determine a high risk for one of the basic urban functions. What this paper intends is to address the vulnerability of flood transportation systems in coastal cities; how the impacts of climate change are or will be able to change the mobility patterns in a city; and how these uncertainties can be addressed through adaptive processes for resilience, with practical examples of cities that have had to deal with these issues in post-disaster situations.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Repositório da Unive...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Eira, Bruno Fernando Esteves da;

    A crescente procura energética a nível mundial, aliada à importância do tratamento das águas residuais, acentua a necessidade de se aumentar a auto-suficiência energética e económica das estações de tratamento de águas residuais (ETAR), aproveitando as suas potencialidades de produção energética. A presente dissertação empreende uma avaliação dos consumos energéticos de uma ETAR portuguesa de lamas ativadas de tamanho médio (ETAR Paço de Sousa) e propõe o dimensionamento de um sistema fotovoltaico, o seu contributo energético e a sua viabilidade económica. No estudo preliminar dos consumos energéticos construiu-se o diagrama de carga horária. Os parafusos de Arquimedes e os arejadores (reatores SBR) da digestão aeróbia foram identificados como sendo os maiores consumidores, correspondendo a 60,1% dos gastos energéticos. Nesta avaliação foram elaborados alguns indicadores de desempenho energético (IDEs), que se mostraram bastante positivos. O dimensionamento do sistema fotovoltaico (FV) foi realizado em parceria com a MEGAJOULE II, SA. Como a ETAR Paço de Sousa integra um sistema de cogeração de biogás, com venda do excedente à rede, foram considerados 2 cenários para o sistema FV. O cenário 1 previa cobrir por completo as necessidades energéticas da ETAR, não contabilizando o contributo do sistema de cogeração, mas devido às limitações impostas pela área, este teve por base a cobertura de toda a área disponível, prevendo a instalação de 420 kW. O cenário 2 considera o contributo de 70% da cogeração, sendo dimensionado para cobrir as necessidades do mês de maior consumo energético, estimando-se uma instalação de 377 kW. No estudo, foram detalhadas todas as perdas de produção de origem ótica, as perdas relativas ao módulo, as perdas elétricas e as perdas por sujidade. Obteve-se uma razão de desempenho anual médio de 0,805 para o cenário 1 e de 0,789 para o cenário 2. A produção energética estimada para o ano de instalação foi de 548 233 kWh para o cenário 1 e de 493 362 kWh para o cenário 2. Foram registadas perdas de 97,281 kWh para o cenário 1, valor inferior aos 133,681 kWh obtidos para o cenário 2. É previsto um lucro final de 836 665,59 € após os 25 anos para o cenário 1, valor que excede os 789 883,05 € referentes ao rendimento total para o cenário 2. O retorno do investimento inicial foi obtido no 8ºano para o cenário 1 e 7ºano para o cenário 2. Recomendou-se a escolha do cenário 1, pois apresenta um maior lucro final, assegurando, em média, 32,4% dos gastos económicos da ETAR, visando uma auto-suficiência económica média total de 94,3%. No futuro, a auto-suficiência económica total poderá ser atingida, caso haja uma alocação da intensidade dos consumos para um regime diurno de forma a evitar excedentes de energia, aliada à instalação de sobrepressores mais eficientes, para a digestão aeróbia. The growing energy demand worldwide, combined with the importance of wastewater treatment, emphasizes the need to increase the energy and economic self-sufficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), taking advantage of their energy production potentialities. The present dissertation undertakes an assessment of the energy consumption of a medium-sized Portuguese WWTP of activated sludge (WWTP Paço de Sousa) and proposes the sizing of a photovoltaic system, its energy contribution and its economic viability. In the preliminary study of energy consumption, the hourly load diagram was constructed. Archimedes' screws and aerators (SBR reactors) of aerobic digestion were identified as the largest consumers, matching 60.1% of the energy expenditure. In this evaluation, some energy performance indicators (IDEs) were elaborated, proving to be very positive. The design of the PVSystem was carried out in partnership with MEGAJOULE II, SA. As the WWTP Paço de Sousa integrates a biogas cogeneration system, with the sale of surplus to the grid, 2 scenarios were considered for the PVSystem. Scenario 1 intended to fully cover the energy needs of the WWTP, not accounting for the contribution of the cogeneration system, but due to the limitations imposed by the area, it was based on covering the entire available area, foreseeing the installation of 420 kW. Scenario 2 considers the contribution of 70% from the cogeneration system, being dimensioned to cover the needs of the month with the highest energy consumption, estimating an installation of 377 kW. In the study, all production losses, such as optical, losses related to the module, electrical losses and soiling losses were detailed. An average annual performance ratio of 0,805 for scenario 1 and 0,789 for scenario 2 was obtained. The estimated energy production for the year of installation was 548 233 kWh for scenario 1 and 493 362 kWh for scenario 2, decreasing over the 25 year-life of the PVSystem. Losses of 97,281 kWh were recorded for scenario 1, surprisingly lower than the 133,681 kWh obtained for scenario 2. A final profit of 836 665,59 € after 25 years is predicted for scenario 1, a value that exceeds the 789 883,05 € referring to the total income for scenario 2. The return on the initial investment was obtained in the 8th year for scenario 1 and 7th year for scenario 2. The choosing of scenario 1 was recommended, as it presents a higher final profit, ensuring, on average, 32.4% of the WWTP's economic expenses, aiming at a total average economic self-sufficiency of 94.3%. In the future, total economic self-sufficiency may be achieved if there is an allocation of the intensity of consumption to a daytime regime, avoiding energy surpluses, combined with the installation of more efficient superpressors for aerobic digestion. Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente (especialização em Energia)

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: de Andrade Evangelista, Ana Carolina; Garcia Ferreira, Eduarda; Ferrari da Silva, Rafael; Gomes Ilha, Júlia; +1 Authors

    Lagoa dos Patos is one of the largest coastal lagoons in the world, having socio-environmental and socioeconomic relevance for Rio Grande do Sul. The territory is historically occupied by traditional artisanal fishing communities that (re)produce their ways of life socially, materially and symbolically. In December 2021, the State Department of Environment and Infrastructure published the project to grant the use of public assets for the installation of wind farms in the lagoon. This article seeks to debate this Project, expanding the discussion on its sustainability and investigating impacts on artisanal fisheries. As a methodology, we used the Discourse Analysis, through the Public Hearing, forums and other meetings with agents concerning artisanal fishing in the state. We noticed the lack of consultation and the instrumentalization of environmental issues to legitimize the process before civil society, making the communities involved vulnerable and excluded, in addition to impacting adjacent environmental protection areas. A Lagoa dos Patos é uma das maiores lagoas costeiras mundiais, possuindo relevância socioambiental e socioeconômica para o Rio Grande do Sul. O território é ocupado, historicamente, por comunidades tradicionais de pesca artesanal que (re)produzem seus modos de vida social, material e simbolicamente. Em dezembro de 2021, a Secretaria Estadual de Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura publicou o projeto de concessão de uso de bem público para instalação de parques eólicos na Lagoa. Este artigo busca debater esse Projeto, ampliando o diálogo sobre sua sustentabilidade e investigando os impactos na pesca artesanal. Como metodologia, utilizamos a Análise de Discurso, por meio da Audiência Pública, fóruns e outras reuniões com agentes concernentes à pesca artesanal no estado. Percebemos a ausência de consulta e a instrumentalização das questões ambientais para legitimar o processo perante a sociedade civil, vulnerabilizando e excluindo as comunidades envolvidas, além de impactar áreas de proteção ambiental adjacentes.

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    Authors: Ferreira, Bruno; Fiúza, Fernanda; Coelho, André; Carriço, Nelson; +2 Authors

    Trabalho apresentado em VII Congresso Nacional de Rega e Drenagem, 27-29 junho 2018, Monte Real, Leiria, Portugal A agricultura é o maior utilizador de água tanto a nível mundial como a nível nacional, podendo o seu uso atingir até 70% nos países do Sul da Europa. A água é um bem cada vez mais escasso e no clima mediterrânico característico dos países do Sul da Europa, o fenómeno das alterações climáticas tem acentuado a irregularidade e imprevisibilidade da precipitação. Como tal, respondendo ao desafio da segurança alimentar, é necessário recorrer ao regadio para garantir o sucesso das produções agrícolas. Assim, uma das preocupações crescentes dos regantes é o uso eficiente da água. Atualmente, não existe um sistema de avaliação que permita às entidades gestoras medir a eficiência do uso da água e da energia nos Aproveitamentos Hidroagrícolas (AH), ao contrário do que acontece por exemplo no sector urbano. Neste sentido “nasceu” o projeto de investigação AGIR - Avaliação da Eficiência do Uso da Água e da Energia em Aproveitamentos Hidroagrícolas, coordenado pela FENAREG. No âmbito deste projeto, a tarefa 1 da primeira fase consistiu no levantamento e caracterização preliminar dos AH, incidindo sobre algumas características, como por exemplo, físicas (e.g., áreas, comprimento dos sistemas em canal e em conduta), volumes de água fornecidos para rega e relativas a culturas (e.g. tipo e ocupação) dos AH, apresentando-se os principais resultados obtidos no presente artigo. Agriculture is the largest user of water at both global and national levels, and its total water use can reach up to 70% in southern European countries. Water is an increasingly scarce natural resource, and in the Mediterranean climate, the climate changes have increased the irregularity and unpredictability of precipitation. Thus, Portuguese agriculture depends on the existence of irrigation, being one of the main concerns of the irrigators the efficiency of water use. However, an assessment system does not currently exist, unlike in the urban sector, that allows utilities of State Irrigation Projects (SIP) to assess the water and energy efficiency of their systems. In this context, the AGIR project - Water Use and Energy Efficiencies’ Assessment in State Irrigation Projects was “born”, being coordinated by FENAREG. Within the first task of the first phase of this project, a preliminary survey and characterization of the State Irrigation Projects was carried, focusing on certain characteristics, such as physical (e.g., areas, length of canals and pipe), water volumes and crop (e.g., type and soil occupation) of SIP. Main results are presented in this paper. N/A

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    Authors: Lameira, Valdir de Jesus; Quelhas, Osvaldo Luis Gonçalves; Pereira, Roberto;

    Em 2009, a Comissão Europeia expediu A Diretiva 2009/28 onde estabelecia, como meta para o anode 2020, que os países da União Europeia alcançassem uma redução de 20% na emissão de gases de efeitoestufa, um aumento de 20% na eficiência energética e um aumento de 20% no uso de energias renováveis,em relação aos valores de 2009. Com base nesse paradigma, apresentamos o estudo de caso do setor deenergia em Portugal e o desenvolvimento de políticas ligadas ao setor, de modo a alcançar esse objetivo.Assim, inicialmente procurou-se dar uma visão geral sobre o quadro da energia em Portugal, fornecendoseinformações sobre a matriz energética e informações gerais sobre o consumo e indicadores energéticos.Em seguida, estabeleceu-se como foco a geração de eletricidade, buscando-se apresentar suas fontes deprodução, características do mercado de negociação, informações sobre regulação e as perspectivas sobregeração provenientes das energias renováveis de nova geração. O estudo foi desenvolvido com base empesquisa bibliográfica com dados primários e secundários. O objetivo é evidenciar um painel abrangente doquadro atual e perspectivas do setor de eletricidade em Portugal. An analysis of the current state of the Portuguese electricity sector is the central objective of this article. Initially, an overview of the framework of energy in Portugal, providing information concerning the energy matrix and energy consumption and indicators was showed. Then, the investigation has widened in the electricity sector, seeking to present their sources of production, characteristics of the trading market, information about regulation and the outlook for generation from renewable energy generation. The study was developed based on literature research with primary and secondary data. The final goal is to build a comprehensive panel of the present situation and prospects of the electricity sector in Portugal.

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    Authors: Zachow, Marlowa; Coutinho, Alan Denizzar Limeira; Grisa, Jaqueline Gomes Demarchi; Barboza, Márcia Andréia; +2 Authors

    El Movimiento Sin Tierra (MST) surgió como una forma de luchar por la tierra y la reforma agraria, así como para promover el desarrollo sostenible. Las Naciones Unidas, por su parte, han estado trabajando en 17 objetivos para el desarrollo sostenible. Mediante un estudio de caso, buscamos comprender cómo la reforma agraria puede promover el desarrollo rural sostenible en el asentamiento Valmir Mota de Oliveira, en la ciudad de Cascavel, en el oeste de Paraná. Se descubrió que el Assentamiento estudiado desarrolla diversas prácticas de sostenibilidad, cumpliendo 8 de los 17 objetivos de desarrollo sostenible propuestos por la ONU. O Movimento sem terra (MST) surgiu como forma de lutar pela terra e pela reforma agrária, bem como promover o desenvolvimento sustentável. A Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), por sua vez, tem trabalhado em 17 objetivos para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Através de um estudo de caso, buscou-se entender como a reforma agrária pode promover o desenvolvimento rural sustentável no Assentamento Valmir Mota de Oliveira, na cidade de Cascavel no Oeste do Paraná. Foi verificado que o Assentamento desenvolve várias práticas de sustentabilidade, atendendo 8 dos 17 objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável propostos pela ONU. The Landless Movement (MST) emerged as a way to fight for land and land reform, as well as to promote sustainable development. The United Nations (UN), for its part, has been working on 17 goals for sustainable development. Through a case study, we sought to understand how land reform can promote sustainable rural development in the Valmir Mota de Oliveira Settlement, in the city of Cascavel in western Paraná. It was found that the Settlement studied develops various sustainability practices, meeting 8 of the 17 goals of sustainable development proposed by the UN.

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    Authors: Matos, Patrícia Filipa Frederico Ramalho de;

    A presente dissertação versa sobre o fenómeno das alterações climáticas e sua relação com os deslocamentos populacionais, os quais originam os denominados refugiados climáticos. Terminologia esta que não encontra aceitação na comunidade jurídica internacional e cuja proteção jurídica não existe. Assim, procurou-se colmatar tal lacuna jurídica no âmbito internacional ao apresentar possíveis soluções. The present dissertation concerns with the phenomenon of climate change and its relationship with population displacement, which originate the so-called climate refugees. Terminology that is not accepted in the international legal community and whose legal protection does not exist. Thus, an attempt was made to close this legal gap at the international level by presenting possible solutions.

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    Authors: Tanaka, Maira Damião;

    The concepts of poverty have been changing over time, influenced by social, technological, economic, and cultural changes and evolutions. In this context, the concept of energy poverty has been emerging in the economic and social scenario, especially since this new millennium. Just as it is difficult to define the concept of poverty in a more global way, the same is true for the concept of energy poverty, which presents several versions, formulations and metrics for its definition and measurement. Much has been discussed about how to define and quantify energy poverty, whether on a local sampling scale or on a global scale. This difficulty is mainly due to the great geographical, economic and social disparity to which humanity is exposed. In this work we seek to evaluate the current stage of energy poverty in Brazil, taking into account that Brazil is a country with an emerging economy, and that internally it presents a great geographic and cultural diversity, which imprints specific characteristics of energy generation and use, associated with all of this, the fulfillment of the basic needs of this heterogeneous population. To this end, we intend to analyze the Brazilian energy system, through the scenario modeling method, using the LEAP (Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning) program. Using this method, historical data is validated and a base scenario is arrived at, from which two scenarios are generated: the reference scenario, in which the historical trend observed until the date in question is maintained; and the mitigation scenario, in which the intention is to identify and propose actions that can help improve the level of energy poverty by the year 2030, whether in the scope of generation or in the scope of efficiency. Although in Brazil, the definition of Energy Poverty is a relatively new concept, some actions, especially in the governmental sphere, such as the "Light for All Project" and the social tariffs have already been implemented with the intention of better meeting the most immediate needs and the energy demands of the needy population. With these actions, it is sought to promote the economic and social development of these communities, enabling an improvement in the quality of life of these citizens. Through an integrated vision concerning poverty and energy, we try to evaluate the benefits of investing in the eradication of energy poverty as a priority way to also help eradicate classic/integrated/basic poverty. The latter is more entrenched in society. Os conceitos de pobreza vêm mudando ao longo do tempo, influenciados por mudanças e evoluções sociais, tecnológicas, econômicas e culturais. Neste contexto, o conceito de pobreza energética vem despontando no cenário econômico e social, principalmente a partir desse novo milênio, e assim como é difícil de se definir o conceito de pobreza de uma forma mais global, o mesmo se passa com o conceito de pobreza energética, que apresenta várias versões, formulações e métricas para a sua definição e medição. Muito se tem discutido sobre os meios de se definir e quantificar a pobreza energética, seja numa escala de amostragem local, seja numa escala mundial, dificuldade essa, que passa principalmente pela grande disparidade geográfica, econômica e social, à qual a humanidade está exposta. Neste trabalho, procura-se avaliar o atual estágio de pobreza energética no Brasil, tendo em conta tratar-se de um país de economia emergente, que, internamente, apresenta uma grande diversidade geográfica e cultural, que imprime características específicas de geração e utilização da energia, associando a tudo isso o atendimento das necessidades básicas dessa população tão heterogênea. Para tanto, pretende-se fazer uma análise do sistema energético brasileiro pelo método de modelagem de cenários, utilizando-se do programa LEAP (Low Emission Analysis Platform). Por esse método, a partir de dados históricos geram-se três cenários: cenário de referência, no qual se mantem a tendência histórica observada até a data em questão; e dois cenários alternativos, onde pretende-se identificar e propor ações que possam ajudar a melhorar o nível de pobreza energética até o ano de 2050, seja no âmbito da geração, seja no âmbito da eficiência. Apesar de no Brasil a definição de Pobreza Energética ser um conceito relativamente novo, algumas ações principalmente no âmbito governamental, tais como o “Projeto Luz Para Todos” e as tarifas sociais já vinham sendo implementadas, com o intuito de melhor atender as necessidades mais imediatas e as demandas de energia da população mais carente. Com essas ações, busca-se promover o desenvolvimento econômico e social dessas comunidades possibilitando uma melhoria na qualidade de vida desses cidadãos. Através de uma visão integrada no que concerne à pobreza e a energia, tentar avaliar os benefícios de se investir na erradicação da pobreza energética como uma forma prioritária de também ajudar a erradicar a pobreza clássica/integrada/básica, esta mais arraigada na sociedade. Dissertação de mestrado em Economia Social

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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
    Other literature type . 2021
    License: CC BY
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
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    Authors: Gomes, Pedro Rafael Sá Fernandes;

    A crescente frequência e gravidade dos desastres relacionados com mudanças climáticas têm causado danos económicos e perda de vidas. Em 2018 foram documentados no International Disaster Database 315 desastres relacionados com o clima, que tiveram impacto em cerca de 68 milhões de pessoas, provocando a morte de 11.804 e causando cerca de 132 mil milhões de dólares em danos e prejuízos por todo o mundo. O processo de urbanização, em concreto o crescimento das grandes cidades, é um problema atual para a sociedade, que já se sente e se fará sentir com um aumento significativo nas próximas décadas do valor da população mundial a viver em cidades em contraposição ao êxodo rural, que se traduzirá noutra tipologia de problemas como a desertificação dessas áreas. Assim, conjugando estes processos de urbanização com uma maior frequência e aumento da gravidade dos desastres relacionados com clima e ambiente torna-se necessário desenvolver e preparar os sistemas para melhorar a resiliência desses sistemas e do meio urbano em geral. Como tal, há um crescente interesse no desenvolvimento de avaliação rigorosa dos sistemas urbanos que envolvem os componentes físicos (por exemplo, edifícios e redes de transporte) e os componentes biológicos (por exemplo, plantas, animais e população humana). Essas avaliações podem revelar o nível de recuperação e o grau de adaptação e preparação, assim como, a velocidade de reação e ação das cidades a eventos disruptivos associados a um futuro assolado por um clima incerto. Assim, neste trabalho, pretende-se estudar o conceito de resiliência urbana e desenvolver um modelo de avaliação da resiliência assente em cinco dimensões: infraestrutural, ambiental, governança, económica e social, tendo por base modelos já existentes e utilizados na literatura. Para esse efeito apresenta-se uma análise mais abrangente sobre o desempenho dos municípios da Região Norte de Portugal e uma análise mais especifica para os municípios do quadrilátero urbano do Minho, com particular incidência na análise das subdimensões e dos indicadores que compõem cada dimensão da avaliação. The increasing frequency and severity of climate change-related disasters have caused economic damage and loss of life. In 2018, 315 climate-related disasters were documented in the International Disaster Database, which impacted around 68 million people, killing 11,804 and causing around US$132 billion in damages and losses worldwide. The urbanization process, specifically the growth of large cities, is a current problem for society, which is already felt and will be felt with a significant increase in the coming decades of the value of the world population living in cities as opposed to the rural exodus, which will translate into another type of problem such as the desertification of these areas. Thus, combining these urbanization processes with a greater frequency and increased severity of disasters related to climate and environment, it becomes necessary to develop and prepare systems to improve the resilience of these systems and of the urban environment in general. As such, there is growing interest in developing rigorous assessment of urban systems that involve both physical components (eg buildings and transport networks) and biological components (eg plants, animals and human population). These assessments can reveal the level of recovery and the degree of adaptation and preparation, as well as the speed of reaction and action of cities to disruptive events associated with a future plagued by an uncertain climate. Thus, in this work, we intend to study the concept of urban resilience and develop a model for assessing resilience based on five dimensions: infrastructural, environmental, governance, economic and social, based on models that already exist and are used in the literature. For this purpose, a more comprehensive analysis of the performance of the municipalities in the North of Portugal and a more specific analysis for the municipalities of the urban quadrilateral of Minho are presented, with particular focus on the analysis of the sub-dimensions and indicators that make up each dimension of the evaluation. Dissertação de mestrado de Engenharia Urbana

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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
    Other literature type . 2023
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    Authors: Pereira, Ângelo Jorge da Silva;

    O recurso a energias renováveis é cada vez mais frequente nos dias de hoje, tal justifica-se pela procura de alternativas que permitam a redução da emissão de gases poluentes, objetivo muito abordado pelos países integrados no Acordo de Paris (COP 21) pela sua importância para a melhoria da qualidade de vida e sustentabilidade do planeta Terra. A presente dissertação realizou-se no âmbito do Mestrado em Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente, no ramo de Energias e foi desenvolvida no contexto de estágio curricular na empresa Prime Energy Solar Systems, especializada na prestação de serviços na área de engenharia solar. O principal objetivo passou pelo dimensionamento de um sistema fotovoltaico e pela verificação da sua rentabilidade e eficiência. Assim, foi realizado um dimensionamento de um sistema fotovoltaico conectado à rede, implementado na cobertura da indústria alimentar MEPS, localizada em Fafe. O sistema fotovoltaico tem uma potência total instalada de 105,84 kWp e o seu propósito passa pelo autoconsumo. É composto por 340 painéis fotovoltaicos, 2 inversores, estrutura de suporte e por equipamentos de comando, corte, proteção e de contagem. Primeiramente, efetuou-se uma estimativa da produção anual do sistema fotovoltaico, com o ângulo de inclinação 10º, recorrendo ao PVSol e PVGis. O software PVSol é o que apresenta a maior previsão de produção anual de energia com um valor de 141586 kWh, sendo superior ao que foi registado verdadeiramente pelo sistema fotovoltaico (79263 kWh). Em relação aos fatores de desempenho também determinados pelo software PVSol, observou-se uma performance rating média de 85,1%, durante um ano, nos inversores e, no que diz respeito aos módulos, foi verificada uma queda de potência de 19% ao longo dos 25 anos. De seguida procedeu-se à comparação dos resultados estimados do PVGis e PVSol com os resultados reais da obra e chegou-se à conclusão de que o sistema apresentou uma autossuficiência de 43,07%, significando que o sistema fotovoltaico é eficiente, cobrindo quase metade dos consumos da indústria. Por fim, fez-se uma análise de viabilidade financeira ao sistema fotovoltaico, utilizando os dados do PVSol e concluiu-se que o sistema irá ser rentável e economicamente viável, uma vez que apresenta um valor atual líquido positivo (72000€), um payback de 4,3 anos (dentro do tempo de vida do sistema) e uma taxa interna de retorno de 23%, superior à taxa mínima de atratividade (10%). The use of renewable energies is increasingly frequent today, this is justified by the search for alternatives that allow the reduction of the emission of polluting gases, a goal much addressed by the countries integrated in the Paris Agreement (COP 21) for its importance for improving the quality of life and sustainability of planet Earth. This dissertation was carried out in the scope of the Master's degree in Environmental Sciences and Technologies, in the field of Energies and was developed in the context of curricular internship at Prime Energy Solar Systems, specialized in the provision of services in the area of solar engineering. The main objective was the design of a photovoltaic system and the verification of its profitability and efficiency. Thus, a photovoltaic system connected to the network was dimensioned, implemented in the coverage of the MEPS food industry, located in Fafe. The photovoltaic system has a total installed power of 105.84 kWp and its purpose is self-consumption. It consists of 340 photovoltaic panels, 2 inverters, support structure and command, cutting, protection and counting equipment. First, an estimate of the annual production of the photovoltaic system was made, with the inclination angle 10º, using PVSol and PVGis. The PVSol software has the highest forecast of annual energy production with a value of 141586 kWh, being higher than that actually recorded by the photovoltaic system (79263 kWh). Regarding the performance factors also determined by the PVSol software, an average performance rating of 85.1% was observed during one year in the inverters and, with regard to the modules, a power drop of 19% was observed over the 25 years. Next, the estimated results of PVGis and PVSol were compared with the actual results of the work and it was concluded that the system presented a self-sufficiency of 43.07%, meaning that the photovoltaic system is efficient, covering almost half of the industry's consumption. Finally, a financial feasibility analysis was made to the photovoltaic system, using PVSol data and it was concluded that the system will be profitable and economically viable, since it has a positive net current value (72000€), a payback of 4.3 years (within the lifetime of the system) and an internal rate of return of 23%, higher than the minimum rate of attractiveness (10%). Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente (especialização em Energia)

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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
    Master thesis . 2022
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
    Other literature type . 2022
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
      Master thesis . 2022
      License: CC BY NC ND
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
      Other literature type . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Medeiros, Camila Santos;

    As alterações climáticas são já há algumas décadas consideradas uma ameaça real às cidades, que via de regra não estão preparadas para lidar com a incerteza que caracteriza o referido fenômeno, tampouco com seus impactos. Nas cidades costeiras essa ameaça é ainda maior em função de fenômenos como a elevação do nível médio do mar e as alterações nos padrões de precipitação intensa de curta duração, que aumentam exponencialmente o risco de inundação destes territórios, ameaçando a sua manutenção e desenvolvimento no futuro. Sendo os sistemas de transporte uma das estruturas principais para o funcionamento de uma cidade, a vulnerabilidade destes à momentos de inundação, pode determinar um alto risco para suas funções básicas. O que este trabalho pretende é abordar a vulnerabilidade dos sistemas de transporte às inundações em cidades costeiras; como os impactos das alterações climáticas são ou serão capazes de alterar os padrões de mobilidade em uma cidade; e como é possível responder a estas incertezas através dos processos de adaptação para a resiliência, com exemplos práticos de cidades que tiveram que lidar com estas questões em situações pós-desastre. Climate change has for some decades been considered a real threat to cities, which are mostly not prepared to deal with the uncertainty that characterizes this phenomenon, nor with its impacts. In coastal cities, this threat is even greater because of phenomena such as the rise in mean sea level and changes in the patterns of intense short-term precipitation that exponentially increase the risk of flooding of these territories, threatening their maintenance and development in the future . In the other hand, transport systems are one of the main structures for the operation of a city, so their vulnerability to flooding can determine a high risk for one of the basic urban functions. What this paper intends is to address the vulnerability of flood transportation systems in coastal cities; how the impacts of climate change are or will be able to change the mobility patterns in a city; and how these uncertainties can be addressed through adaptive processes for resilience, with practical examples of cities that have had to deal with these issues in post-disaster situations.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Eira, Bruno Fernando Esteves da;

    A crescente procura energética a nível mundial, aliada à importância do tratamento das águas residuais, acentua a necessidade de se aumentar a auto-suficiência energética e económica das estações de tratamento de águas residuais (ETAR), aproveitando as suas potencialidades de produção energética. A presente dissertação empreende uma avaliação dos consumos energéticos de uma ETAR portuguesa de lamas ativadas de tamanho médio (ETAR Paço de Sousa) e propõe o dimensionamento de um sistema fotovoltaico, o seu contributo energético e a sua viabilidade económica. No estudo preliminar dos consumos energéticos construiu-se o diagrama de carga horária. Os parafusos de Arquimedes e os arejadores (reatores SBR) da digestão aeróbia foram identificados como sendo os maiores consumidores, correspondendo a 60,1% dos gastos energéticos. Nesta avaliação foram elaborados alguns indicadores de desempenho energético (IDEs), que se mostraram bastante positivos. O dimensionamento do sistema fotovoltaico (FV) foi realizado em parceria com a MEGAJOULE II, SA. Como a ETAR Paço de Sousa integra um sistema de cogeração de biogás, com venda do excedente à rede, foram considerados 2 cenários para o sistema FV. O cenário 1 previa cobrir por completo as necessidades energéticas da ETAR, não contabilizando o contributo do sistema de cogeração, mas devido às limitações impostas pela área, este teve por base a cobertura de toda a área disponível, prevendo a instalação de 420 kW. O cenário 2 considera o contributo de 70% da cogeração, sendo dimensionado para cobrir as necessidades do mês de maior consumo energético, estimando-se uma instalação de 377 kW. No estudo, foram detalhadas todas as perdas de produção de origem ótica, as perdas relativas ao módulo, as perdas elétricas e as perdas por sujidade. Obteve-se uma razão de desempenho anual médio de 0,805 para o cenário 1 e de 0,789 para o cenário 2. A produção energética estimada para o ano de instalação foi de 548 233 kWh para o cenário 1 e de 493 362 kWh para o cenário 2. Foram registadas perdas de 97,281 kWh para o cenário 1, valor inferior aos 133,681 kWh obtidos para o cenário 2. É previsto um lucro final de 836 665,59 € após os 25 anos para o cenário 1, valor que excede os 789 883,05 € referentes ao rendimento total para o cenário 2. O retorno do investimento inicial foi obtido no 8ºano para o cenário 1 e 7ºano para o cenário 2. Recomendou-se a escolha do cenário 1, pois apresenta um maior lucro final, assegurando, em média, 32,4% dos gastos económicos da ETAR, visando uma auto-suficiência económica média total de 94,3%. No futuro, a auto-suficiência económica total poderá ser atingida, caso haja uma alocação da intensidade dos consumos para um regime diurno de forma a evitar excedentes de energia, aliada à instalação de sobrepressores mais eficientes, para a digestão aeróbia. The growing energy demand worldwide, combined with the importance of wastewater treatment, emphasizes the need to increase the energy and economic self-sufficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), taking advantage of their energy production potentialities. The present dissertation undertakes an assessment of the energy consumption of a medium-sized Portuguese WWTP of activated sludge (WWTP Paço de Sousa) and proposes the sizing of a photovoltaic system, its energy contribution and its economic viability. In the preliminary study of energy consumption, the hourly load diagram was constructed. Archimedes' screws and aerators (SBR reactors) of aerobic digestion were identified as the largest consumers, matching 60.1% of the energy expenditure. In this evaluation, some energy performance indicators (IDEs) were elaborated, proving to be very positive. The design of the PVSystem was carried out in partnership with MEGAJOULE II, SA. As the WWTP Paço de Sousa integrates a biogas cogeneration system, with the sale of surplus to the grid, 2 scenarios were considered for the PVSystem. Scenario 1 intended to fully cover the energy needs of the WWTP, not accounting for the contribution of the cogeneration system, but due to the limitations imposed by the area, it was based on covering the entire available area, foreseeing the installation of 420 kW. Scenario 2 considers the contribution of 70% from the cogeneration system, being dimensioned to cover the needs of the month with the highest energy consumption, estimating an installation of 377 kW. In the study, all production losses, such as optical, losses related to the module, electrical losses and soiling losses were detailed. An average annual performance ratio of 0,805 for scenario 1 and 0,789 for scenario 2 was obtained. The estimated energy production for the year of installation was 548 233 kWh for scenario 1 and 493 362 kWh for scenario 2, decreasing over the 25 year-life of the PVSystem. Losses of 97,281 kWh were recorded for scenario 1, surprisingly lower than the 133,681 kWh obtained for scenario 2. A final profit of 836 665,59 € after 25 years is predicted for scenario 1, a value that exceeds the 789 883,05 € referring to the total income for scenario 2. The return on the initial investment was obtained in the 8th year for scenario 1 and 7th year for scenario 2. The choosing of scenario 1 was recommended, as it presents a higher final profit, ensuring, on average, 32.4% of the WWTP's economic expenses, aiming at a total average economic self-sufficiency of 94.3%. In the future, total economic self-sufficiency may be achieved if there is an allocation of the intensity of consumption to a daytime regime, avoiding energy surpluses, combined with the installation of more efficient superpressors for aerobic digestion. Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente (especialização em Energia)

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    Authors: de Andrade Evangelista, Ana Carolina; Garcia Ferreira, Eduarda; Ferrari da Silva, Rafael; Gomes Ilha, Júlia; +1 Authors

    Lagoa dos Patos is one of the largest coastal lagoons in the world, having socio-environmental and socioeconomic relevance for Rio Grande do Sul. The territory is historically occupied by traditional artisanal fishing communities that (re)produce their ways of life socially, materially and symbolically. In December 2021, the State Department of Environment and Infrastructure published the project to grant the use of public assets for the installation of wind farms in the lagoon. This article seeks to debate this Project, expanding the discussion on its sustainability and investigating impacts on artisanal fisheries. As a methodology, we used the Discourse Analysis, through the Public Hearing, forums and other meetings with agents concerning artisanal fishing in the state. We noticed the lack of consultation and the instrumentalization of environmental issues to legitimize the process before civil society, making the communities involved vulnerable and excluded, in addition to impacting adjacent environmental protection areas. A Lagoa dos Patos é uma das maiores lagoas costeiras mundiais, possuindo relevância socioambiental e socioeconômica para o Rio Grande do Sul. O território é ocupado, historicamente, por comunidades tradicionais de pesca artesanal que (re)produzem seus modos de vida social, material e simbolicamente. Em dezembro de 2021, a Secretaria Estadual de Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura publicou o projeto de concessão de uso de bem público para instalação de parques eólicos na Lagoa. Este artigo busca debater esse Projeto, ampliando o diálogo sobre sua sustentabilidade e investigando os impactos na pesca artesanal. Como metodologia, utilizamos a Análise de Discurso, por meio da Audiência Pública, fóruns e outras reuniões com agentes concernentes à pesca artesanal no estado. Percebemos a ausência de consulta e a instrumentalização das questões ambientais para legitimar o processo perante a sociedade civil, vulnerabilizando e excluindo as comunidades envolvidas, além de impactar áreas de proteção ambiental adjacentes.

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    Authors: Ferreira, Bruno; Fiúza, Fernanda; Coelho, André; Carriço, Nelson; +2 Authors

    Trabalho apresentado em VII Congresso Nacional de Rega e Drenagem, 27-29 junho 2018, Monte Real, Leiria, Portugal A agricultura é o maior utilizador de água tanto a nível mundial como a nível nacional, podendo o seu uso atingir até 70% nos países do Sul da Europa. A água é um bem cada vez mais escasso e no clima mediterrânico característico dos países do Sul da Europa, o fenómeno das alterações climáticas tem acentuado a irregularidade e imprevisibilidade da precipitação. Como tal, respondendo ao desafio da segurança alimentar, é necessário recorrer ao regadio para garantir o sucesso das produções agrícolas. Assim, uma das preocupações crescentes dos regantes é o uso eficiente da água. Atualmente, não existe um sistema de avaliação que permita às entidades gestoras medir a eficiência do uso da água e da energia nos Aproveitamentos Hidroagrícolas (AH), ao contrário do que acontece por exemplo no sector urbano. Neste sentido “nasceu” o projeto de investigação AGIR - Avaliação da Eficiência do Uso da Água e da Energia em Aproveitamentos Hidroagrícolas, coordenado pela FENAREG. No âmbito deste projeto, a tarefa 1 da primeira fase consistiu no levantamento e caracterização preliminar dos AH, incidindo sobre algumas características, como por exemplo, físicas (e.g., áreas, comprimento dos sistemas em canal e em conduta), volumes de água fornecidos para rega e relativas a culturas (e.g. tipo e ocupação) dos AH, apresentando-se os principais resultados obtidos no presente artigo. Agriculture is the largest user of water at both global and national levels, and its total water use can reach up to 70% in southern European countries. Water is an increasingly scarce natural resource, and in the Mediterranean climate, the climate changes have increased the irregularity and unpredictability of precipitation. Thus, Portuguese agriculture depends on the existence of irrigation, being one of the main concerns of the irrigators the efficiency of water use. However, an assessment system does not currently exist, unlike in the urban sector, that allows utilities of State Irrigation Projects (SIP) to assess the water and energy efficiency of their systems. In this context, the AGIR project - Water Use and Energy Efficiencies’ Assessment in State Irrigation Projects was “born”, being coordinated by FENAREG. Within the first task of the first phase of this project, a preliminary survey and characterization of the State Irrigation Projects was carried, focusing on certain characteristics, such as physical (e.g., areas, length of canals and pipe), water volumes and crop (e.g., type and soil occupation) of SIP. Main results are presented in this paper. N/A

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    Authors: Lameira, Valdir de Jesus; Quelhas, Osvaldo Luis Gonçalves; Pereira, Roberto;

    Em 2009, a Comissão Europeia expediu A Diretiva 2009/28 onde estabelecia, como meta para o anode 2020, que os países da União Europeia alcançassem uma redução de 20% na emissão de gases de efeitoestufa, um aumento de 20% na eficiência energética e um aumento de 20% no uso de energias renováveis,em relação aos valores de 2009. Com base nesse paradigma, apresentamos o estudo de caso do setor deenergia em Portugal e o desenvolvimento de políticas ligadas ao setor, de modo a alcançar esse objetivo.Assim, inicialmente procurou-se dar uma visão geral sobre o quadro da energia em Portugal, fornecendoseinformações sobre a matriz energética e informações gerais sobre o consumo e indicadores energéticos.Em seguida, estabeleceu-se como foco a geração de eletricidade, buscando-se apresentar suas fontes deprodução, características do mercado de negociação, informações sobre regulação e as perspectivas sobregeração provenientes das energias renováveis de nova geração. O estudo foi desenvolvido com base empesquisa bibliográfica com dados primários e secundários. O objetivo é evidenciar um painel abrangente doquadro atual e perspectivas do setor de eletricidade em Portugal. An analysis of the current state of the Portuguese electricity sector is the central objective of this article. Initially, an overview of the framework of energy in Portugal, providing information concerning the energy matrix and energy consumption and indicators was showed. Then, the investigation has widened in the electricity sector, seeking to present their sources of production, characteristics of the trading market, information about regulation and the outlook for generation from renewable energy generation. The study was developed based on literature research with primary and secondary data. The final goal is to build a comprehensive panel of the present situation and prospects of the electricity sector in Portugal.

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    Authors: Zachow, Marlowa; Coutinho, Alan Denizzar Limeira; Grisa, Jaqueline Gomes Demarchi; Barboza, Márcia Andréia; +2 Authors

    El Movimiento Sin Tierra (MST) surgió como una forma de luchar por la tierra y la reforma agraria, así como para promover el desarrollo sostenible. Las Naciones Unidas, por su parte, han estado trabajando en 17 objetivos para el desarrollo sostenible. Mediante un estudio de caso, buscamos comprender cómo la reforma agraria puede promover el desarrollo rural sostenible en el asentamiento Valmir Mota de Oliveira, en la ciudad de Cascavel, en el oeste de Paraná. Se descubrió que el Assentamiento estudiado desarrolla diversas prácticas de sostenibilidad, cumpliendo 8 de los 17 objetivos de desarrollo sostenible propuestos por la ONU. O Movimento sem terra (MST) surgiu como forma de lutar pela terra e pela reforma agrária, bem como promover o desenvolvimento sustentável. A Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), por sua vez, tem trabalhado em 17 objetivos para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Através de um estudo de caso, buscou-se entender como a reforma agrária pode promover o desenvolvimento rural sustentável no Assentamento Valmir Mota de Oliveira, na cidade de Cascavel no Oeste do Paraná. Foi verificado que o Assentamento desenvolve várias práticas de sustentabilidade, atendendo 8 dos 17 objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável propostos pela ONU. The Landless Movement (MST) emerged as a way to fight for land and land reform, as well as to promote sustainable development. The United Nations (UN), for its part, has been working on 17 goals for sustainable development. Through a case study, we sought to understand how land reform can promote sustainable rural development in the Valmir Mota de Oliveira Settlement, in the city of Cascavel in western Paraná. It was found that the Settlement studied develops various sustainability practices, meeting 8 of the 17 goals of sustainable development proposed by the UN.

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    Authors: Matos, Patrícia Filipa Frederico Ramalho de;

    A presente dissertação versa sobre o fenómeno das alterações climáticas e sua relação com os deslocamentos populacionais, os quais originam os denominados refugiados climáticos. Terminologia esta que não encontra aceitação na comunidade jurídica internacional e cuja proteção jurídica não existe. Assim, procurou-se colmatar tal lacuna jurídica no âmbito internacional ao apresentar possíveis soluções. The present dissertation concerns with the phenomenon of climate change and its relationship with population displacement, which originate the so-called climate refugees. Terminology that is not accepted in the international legal community and whose legal protection does not exist. Thus, an attempt was made to close this legal gap at the international level by presenting possible solutions.

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    Authors: Tanaka, Maira Damião;

    The concepts of poverty have been changing over time, influenced by social, technological, economic, and cultural changes and evolutions. In this context, the concept of energy poverty has been emerging in the economic and social scenario, especially since this new millennium. Just as it is difficult to define the concept of poverty in a more global way, the same is true for the concept of energy poverty, which presents several versions, formulations and metrics for its definition and measurement. Much has been discussed about how to define and quantify energy poverty, whether on a local sampling scale or on a global scale. This difficulty is mainly due to the great geographical, economic and social disparity to which humanity is exposed. In this work we seek to evaluate the current stage of energy poverty in Brazil, taking into account that Brazil is a country with an emerging economy, and that internally it presents a great geographic and cultural diversity, which imprints specific characteristics of energy generation and use, associated with all of this, the fulfillment of the basic needs of this heterogeneous population. To this end, we intend to analyze the Brazilian energy system, through the scenario modeling method, using the LEAP (Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning) program. Using this method, historical data is validated and a base scenario is arrived at, from which two scenarios are generated: the reference scenario, in which the historical trend observed until the date in question is maintained; and the mitigation scenario, in which the intention is to identify and propose actions that can help improve the level of energy poverty by the year 2030, whether in the scope of generation or in the scope of efficiency. Although in Brazil, the definition of Energy Poverty is a relatively new concept, some actions, especially in the governmental sphere, such as the "Light for All Project" and the social tariffs have already been implemented with the intention of better meeting the most immediate needs and the energy demands of the needy population. With these actions, it is sought to promote the economic and social development of these communities, enabling an improvement in the quality of life of these citizens. Through an integrated vision concerning poverty and energy, we try to evaluate the benefits of investing in the eradication of energy poverty as a priority way to also help eradicate classic/integrated/basic poverty. The latter is more entrenched in society. Os conceitos de pobreza vêm mudando ao longo do tempo, influenciados por mudanças e evoluções sociais, tecnológicas, econômicas e culturais. Neste contexto, o conceito de pobreza energética vem despontando no cenário econômico e social, principalmente a partir desse novo milênio, e assim como é difícil de se definir o conceito de pobreza de uma forma mais global, o mesmo se passa com o conceito de pobreza energética, que apresenta várias versões, formulações e métricas para a sua definição e medição. Muito se tem discutido sobre os meios de se definir e quantificar a pobreza energética, seja numa escala de amostragem local, seja numa escala mundial, dificuldade essa, que passa principalmente pela grande disparidade geográfica, econômica e social, à qual a humanidade está exposta. Neste trabalho, procura-se avaliar o atual estágio de pobreza energética no Brasil, tendo em conta tratar-se de um país de economia emergente, que, internamente, apresenta uma grande diversidade geográfica e cultural, que imprime características específicas de geração e utilização da energia, associando a tudo isso o atendimento das necessidades básicas dessa população tão heterogênea. Para tanto, pretende-se fazer uma análise do sistema energético brasileiro pelo método de modelagem de cenários, utilizando-se do programa LEAP (Low Emission Analysis Platform). Por esse método, a partir de dados históricos geram-se três cenários: cenário de referência, no qual se mantem a tendência histórica observada até a data em questão; e dois cenários alternativos, onde pretende-se identificar e propor ações que possam ajudar a melhorar o nível de pobreza energética até o ano de 2050, seja no âmbito da geração, seja no âmbito da eficiência. Apesar de no Brasil a definição de Pobreza Energética ser um conceito relativamente novo, algumas ações principalmente no âmbito governamental, tais como o “Projeto Luz Para Todos” e as tarifas sociais já vinham sendo implementadas, com o intuito de melhor atender as necessidades mais imediatas e as demandas de energia da população mais carente. Com essas ações, busca-se promover o desenvolvimento econômico e social dessas comunidades possibilitando uma melhoria na qualidade de vida desses cidadãos. Através de uma visão integrada no que concerne à pobreza e a energia, tentar avaliar os benefícios de se investir na erradicação da pobreza energética como uma forma prioritária de também ajudar a erradicar a pobreza clássica/integrada/básica, esta mais arraigada na sociedade. Dissertação de mestrado em Economia Social

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    Authors: Gomes, Pedro Rafael Sá Fernandes;

    A crescente frequência e gravidade dos desastres relacionados com mudanças climáticas têm causado danos económicos e perda de vidas. Em 2018 foram documentados no International Disaster Database 315 desastres relacionados com o clima, que tiveram impacto em cerca de 68 milhões de pessoas, provocando a morte de 11.804 e causando cerca de 132 mil milhões de dólares em danos e prejuízos por todo o mundo. O processo de urbanização, em concreto o crescimento das grandes cidades, é um problema atual para a sociedade, que já se sente e se fará sentir com um aumento significativo nas próximas décadas do valor da população mundial a viver em cidades em contraposição ao êxodo rural, que se traduzirá noutra tipologia de problemas como a desertificação dessas áreas. Assim, conjugando estes processos de urbanização com uma maior frequência e aumento da gravidade dos desastres relacionados com clima e ambiente torna-se necessário desenvolver e preparar os sistemas para melhorar a resiliência desses sistemas e do meio urbano em geral. Como tal, há um crescente interesse no desenvolvimento de avaliação rigorosa dos sistemas urbanos que envolvem os componentes físicos (por exemplo, edifícios e redes de transporte) e os componentes biológicos (por exemplo, plantas, animais e população humana). Essas avaliações podem revelar o nível de recuperação e o grau de adaptação e preparação, assim como, a velocidade de reação e ação das cidades a eventos disruptivos associados a um futuro assolado por um clima incerto. Assim, neste trabalho, pretende-se estudar o conceito de resiliência urbana e desenvolver um modelo de avaliação da resiliência assente em cinco dimensões: infraestrutural, ambiental, governança, económica e social, tendo por base modelos já existentes e utilizados na literatura. Para esse efeito apresenta-se uma análise mais abrangente sobre o desempenho dos municípios da Região Norte de Portugal e uma análise mais especifica para os municípios do quadrilátero urbano do Minho, com particular incidência na análise das subdimensões e dos indicadores que compõem cada dimensão da avaliação. The increasing frequency and severity of climate change-related disasters have caused economic damage and loss of life. In 2018, 315 climate-related disasters were documented in the International Disaster Database, which impacted around 68 million people, killing 11,804 and causing around US$132 billion in damages and losses worldwide. The urbanization process, specifically the growth of large cities, is a current problem for society, which is already felt and will be felt with a significant increase in the coming decades of the value of the world population living in cities as opposed to the rural exodus, which will translate into another type of problem such as the desertification of these areas. Thus, combining these urbanization processes with a greater frequency and increased severity of disasters related to climate and environment, it becomes necessary to develop and prepare systems to improve the resilience of these systems and of the urban environment in general. As such, there is growing interest in developing rigorous assessment of urban systems that involve both physical components (eg buildings and transport networks) and biological components (eg plants, animals and human population). These assessments can reveal the level of recovery and the degree of adaptation and preparation, as well as the speed of reaction and action of cities to disruptive events associated with a future plagued by an uncertain climate. Thus, in this work, we intend to study the concept of urban resilience and develop a model for assessing resilience based on five dimensions: infrastructural, environmental, governance, economic and social, based on models that already exist and are used in the literature. For this purpose, a more comprehensive analysis of the performance of the municipalities in the North of Portugal and a more specific analysis for the municipalities of the urban quadrilateral of Minho are presented, with particular focus on the analysis of the sub-dimensions and indicators that make up each dimension of the evaluation. Dissertação de mestrado de Engenharia Urbana

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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
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    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pereira, Ângelo Jorge da Silva;

    O recurso a energias renováveis é cada vez mais frequente nos dias de hoje, tal justifica-se pela procura de alternativas que permitam a redução da emissão de gases poluentes, objetivo muito abordado pelos países integrados no Acordo de Paris (COP 21) pela sua importância para a melhoria da qualidade de vida e sustentabilidade do planeta Terra. A presente dissertação realizou-se no âmbito do Mestrado em Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente, no ramo de Energias e foi desenvolvida no contexto de estágio curricular na empresa Prime Energy Solar Systems, especializada na prestação de serviços na área de engenharia solar. O principal objetivo passou pelo dimensionamento de um sistema fotovoltaico e pela verificação da sua rentabilidade e eficiência. Assim, foi realizado um dimensionamento de um sistema fotovoltaico conectado à rede, implementado na cobertura da indústria alimentar MEPS, localizada em Fafe. O sistema fotovoltaico tem uma potência total instalada de 105,84 kWp e o seu propósito passa pelo autoconsumo. É composto por 340 painéis fotovoltaicos, 2 inversores, estrutura de suporte e por equipamentos de comando, corte, proteção e de contagem. Primeiramente, efetuou-se uma estimativa da produção anual do sistema fotovoltaico, com o ângulo de inclinação 10º, recorrendo ao PVSol e PVGis. O software PVSol é o que apresenta a maior previsão de produção anual de energia com um valor de 141586 kWh, sendo superior ao que foi registado verdadeiramente pelo sistema fotovoltaico (79263 kWh). Em relação aos fatores de desempenho também determinados pelo software PVSol, observou-se uma performance rating média de 85,1%, durante um ano, nos inversores e, no que diz respeito aos módulos, foi verificada uma queda de potência de 19% ao longo dos 25 anos. De seguida procedeu-se à comparação dos resultados estimados do PVGis e PVSol com os resultados reais da obra e chegou-se à conclusão de que o sistema apresentou uma autossuficiência de 43,07%, significando que o sistema fotovoltaico é eficiente, cobrindo quase metade dos consumos da indústria. Por fim, fez-se uma análise de viabilidade financeira ao sistema fotovoltaico, utilizando os dados do PVSol e concluiu-se que o sistema irá ser rentável e economicamente viável, uma vez que apresenta um valor atual líquido positivo (72000€), um payback de 4,3 anos (dentro do tempo de vida do sistema) e uma taxa interna de retorno de 23%, superior à taxa mínima de atratividade (10%). The use of renewable energies is increasingly frequent today, this is justified by the search for alternatives that allow the reduction of the emission of polluting gases, a goal much addressed by the countries integrated in the Paris Agreement (COP 21) for its importance for improving the quality of life and sustainability of planet Earth. This dissertation was carried out in the scope of the Master's degree in Environmental Sciences and Technologies, in the field of Energies and was developed in the context of curricular internship at Prime Energy Solar Systems, specialized in the provision of services in the area of solar engineering. The main objective was the design of a photovoltaic system and the verification of its profitability and efficiency. Thus, a photovoltaic system connected to the network was dimensioned, implemented in the coverage of the MEPS food industry, located in Fafe. The photovoltaic system has a total installed power of 105.84 kWp and its purpose is self-consumption. It consists of 340 photovoltaic panels, 2 inverters, support structure and command, cutting, protection and counting equipment. First, an estimate of the annual production of the photovoltaic system was made, with the inclination angle 10º, using PVSol and PVGis. The PVSol software has the highest forecast of annual energy production with a value of 141586 kWh, being higher than that actually recorded by the photovoltaic system (79263 kWh). Regarding the performance factors also determined by the PVSol software, an average performance rating of 85.1% was observed during one year in the inverters and, with regard to the modules, a power drop of 19% was observed over the 25 years. Next, the estimated results of PVGis and PVSol were compared with the actual results of the work and it was concluded that the system presented a self-sufficiency of 43.07%, meaning that the photovoltaic system is efficient, covering almost half of the industry's consumption. Finally, a financial feasibility analysis was made to the photovoltaic system, using PVSol data and it was concluded that the system will be profitable and economically viable, since it has a positive net current value (72000€), a payback of 4.3 years (within the lifetime of the system) and an internal rate of return of 23%, higher than the minimum rate of attractiveness (10%). Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente (especialização em Energia)

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    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
    Master thesis . 2022
    License: CC BY NC ND
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
    Other literature type . 2022
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Universidade do Minh...arrow_drop_down
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      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
      Master thesis . 2022
      License: CC BY NC ND
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM
      Other literature type . 2022
      License: CC BY NC ND
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