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Oligotrophic catchments with short spatey streams, upland lakes and peaty soils characterise northwest European Atlantic coastal regions. These catchments are important biodiversity refuges, particularly for sensitive diadromous fish populations but are subject to changes in land use and land management practices associated with afforestation, agriculture and rural development. Quantification of the degree of catchment degradation resulting from such anthropogenic impacts is often limited by a lack of long-term baseline data in what are generally relatively isolated, poorly studied catchments. This research uses a combination of palaeolimnological (radiometrically-dated variations in sedimentary geochemical elements, pollen, diatoms and remains of cladocera), census, and instrumental data, along with hindcast estimates to quantify environmental changes and their aquatic impacts since the late 19th century. The most likely drivers of any change are also identified. Results confirm an aquatic biotic response (phyto- and zooplankton) to soil erosion and nutrient enrichment associated with the onset of commercial conifer afforestation, effects that were subsequently enhanced as a result of increased overgrazing in the catchment and, possibly, climate warming. The implications for the health of aquatic resources in the catchment are discussed Environmental Protection Agency in Ireland (ILLUMINATE 2005-W-MS-40, P.McGinnity was supported by the Beaufort Marine Research Award in Fish Population Genetics funded by the Irish Government under the Sea Change Programme.

We have developed a hierarchy of target levels, designated to address sustainability, efficiency, and recovery scenarios. Targets were derived from: 1) reported catches and effort in the commercial fishery, 2) statistics from fishery-independent surveys, and 3) knowledge of the biology of blue crab. Targets that are recommended include population sizes, catches, and effort levels, as well as reference fishing mortality rates. They are intended to be conservative and risk-averse. (PDF contains 182 pages) Living Resources Subcommittee Chesapeake Bay Program. U.S. E.P.A. Technical Series No. TS-177-99 of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory

Understanding drivers of habitat use of mobile species is critical for understanding the impacts of climate change and formulating management plans. Eastern Beaufort Sea (EBS) beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas), an important subsistence food source for Inuvialuit, are known to form large aggregations in the Mackenzie Estuary each summer; however, environmental drivers of this habitat use are not understood. Passive acoustic monitoring was used to record beluga presence during this aggregation at key locations in the Mackenzie Estuary, while simultaneously recording environmental and oceanographic data. Belugas moved further into the estuary during cold oceanic influxes and did not use locations which typically see high use during high-speed winds. In an extreme case, a large storm prevented belugas from using the area for five days and negatively affected the subsistence beluga hunt. This information can inform decisions by northern communities and policy makers, aiding in management of the EBS beluga population.

Introduction The waterfront of Stockholm, one of Europe's fastest-growing cities, stands at the forefront of climate change challenges. As such, there is a pressing need for innovative solutions and resilient urban design. The SOS Climate Waterfront research project gathered international experts and local representatives, coming from different disciplines to work together in May-June 2022 to discuss, explore proposals and design Sustainable Open Solutions (SOS). This book explores three urban sites in Stockholm, holding significant implications for the city's waterfront— Lövholmen, Frihamnen, and Södra Värtan. During the workshop, SOS Climate Waterfront participants, mainly European researchers, analyzed future challenges, raised new questions, and depicted solutions, which can now contribute to cross-country comparisons in a larger EU-framework. The three sites are not only driven by the demand for more housing but also face crucial issues related to cultural heritage, climate change, landscape ecology, and social development. Achieving a delicate balance between these aspects and economic interests presents a significant task for the city. The waterfront of Stockholm holds substantial relevance in the context of climate change and its impact on coastal areas. Thus, analysis of the Swedish context, based on data collected and on-site knowledge sustains a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. Stockholm is expected to be affected by the impacts of climate change, including temperature increases, changing precipitation patterns, and the potential for more frequent cloudbursts. While the rising sea level is a long-term challenge rather than an immediate concern, increasing risks of extreme weather events and flooding were taken in consideration. Stockholm rests on two different bodies of water, at a location where the Baltic Sea (Östersjön in Swedish) with brackish water meets Lake Mälaren, which is an important provider of freshwater for the larger Stockholm area. As the lyrics of a popular contemporary Swedish song (by Robert Broberg) describe it: “the city is full of water”. However, to ensure that the ecological and chemical status will be maintained, in facing future challenges in terms of urbanisation and climate change, much attention has been paid to ensure the preservation of the water quality of the Mälaren Lake, a vital water source for two million people. The city values its water and continuously invests in improving the situation (e.g. the new sluice at Slussen). The activities carried out in the SOS Climate Waterfront workshop in Stockholm integrated this relationship to water as well as the continuing land-rise, the balance of which adds complexity to the sea level modelling and therefore also to the anticipations and scenarios for the future. In this book, the authors explore innovative strategies and design proposals to tackle these challenges while preserving the cultural identity and heritage value of the sites. Researchers from various European cities, supported by experts and academic lectures, analyze extensive input materials and information, ranging from planning documents and historical records to consultation reports and city visions. By drawing upon multidisciplinary backgrounds and experiences, the researchers identify the socioeconomic and environmental qualities of each site, ultimately developing site design concepts and solutions that address climate change challenges, the maintenance of cultural identities, and the protection of biodiversity. Throughout the book, the proposed designs emphasize the importance of finding a balance between preserving cultural heritage, the values of local communities, the stimulating economic growth, and promotion of sustainable urban development. Key elements include the reuse of existing infrastructure, the integration of green-blue schemes, the improvement of biodiversity, and the creation of vibrant and multi-functional neighbourhoods that connect people to each other and their surroundings. While design solutions present promising approaches, their implementation and the institutional challenges that may arise in specific city contexts remain external to the results presented here. The book acknowledges the need for further research and highlights the shared recognition among the workshop participants regarding the gaps and blind spots in their findings. The following chapters of the book delve into climate change in Sweden, the role of culture and arts in the environmental movement, and specific case studies and design proposals for each site. By exploring these diverse perspectives, this book aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on sustainable urban design and planning, to inspire innovative approaches in addressing complex challenges faced by Stockholm in the future. PART 1 of the book offers a comprehensive understanding of climate change in Sweden, street fishing in Stockholm, and the role of culture and arts in the environmental movement in the Nordic Region and internationally. Furthermore, the lessons from Stockholm and its surroundings in this report draw on presentations, by professionals and researchers from various fields, made during the workshop. Some of these lessons have been written into interesting articles, introduced below. The chapter “Climate change in Sweden” by Magnus Joelsson from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) provides an updated analysis with data and the context for discussing climate change in Sweden. The text makes the distinction between weather and climate, referring to the expression “Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get” that Mark Twain is said to have coined. Moreover, calling for actions by emphasising that the trend of climate change is expected to continue, both globally and in Sweden. What will happen in the far future still depends on our actions, now and in the future. The contribution entitled “Urban nature does not stop at the waterfront, neither should urban planning, a case study of street fishing in Stockholm” raises questions about how planning and strategies for waterfront areas in cities should consider more perspectives from a wider group of interests. It discusses how urban dwellers live with water, with a focus on recreational fishing and what this use entails. The authors (Anja Moum Rieser, from KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Wieben Johannes Boonstra and Rikard Hedling, both from Uppsala University) go beyond the human-centric view and expand the gaze to other species’ needs and also incorporating the body of water in planning for the urban waterfront areas. The chapter “The role of culture and arts in the environmental movement in the Nordic Region and internationally” by Elisavet Papageorgiou and Iwona Preis from Intercult, discusses artistic perspectives on sustainability and climate change. This focuses on how art and culture can raise awareness, provide inspiring actions, and promote social cohesion around sustainable practices. Drawing on experiences from projects aiming to invite and engage community dialogues, they argue that artistic strategies can challenge dominant narratives and promote alternative visions for a sustainable future. The contribution “Sense the Marsh” by Thelma Dethelfsen from KTH The Royal Institute of Technology, emphasises the importance of architecture and landscape design in creating adaptive and resilient strategies to manage flooding and sea level rise. The study focuses on how designs can encourage interaction and awareness with the surroundings. Thereby highlighting the interfaces between humans and nature and raising questions about how flooding can be used as a quality and catalyst to attract more people to an area. The resulting design provides an opportunity to experience nature though the design and architectural solutions, situated on the border between human, non-human species and nature. In PART 2, readers will explore the detailed design proposals developed by different groups for the urban sites in focus. These proposals aim to intertwine sustainability, cultural identity, and economic interests, offering insights into the potential for resilient and vibrant urban spaces. By assessing existing conditions on three sites analysed in Stockholm, including Lövholmen, Frihamnen, and Södra Värtan, the teams participating in the workshop actively contributed to the analysis of the sites and development of design solutions for the areas, in the end forming strategies for better preparedness for future challenges and better lives for the inhabitants. Lövholmen is located in the north-western part of Liljeholmen, one of the major developmental centres in Stockholm. The area is currently a closed-off industrial site, but the municipality’s intention is to redevelop it into a mixed urban space with homes, workplaces, shops, schools, and more. It's expected that 1500 new homes will be built in the area. Many of the current industrial buildings are empty and in bad shape. While some of these will be replaced with housing, other industrial buildings have heritage value and should be protected during the development, after which a new use should be found for them. Frihamnen is, together with the Södra Värtan project, part of the larger development of ”Norra Djurgårdsstaden”, the Stockholm Royal Seaport. Frihamnen is located to the south of Värtahamnen and is in turn strongly connected to Loudden in the south. The municipality plans for the area to contain approximately 1700 homes, 4000 workplaces and 75,000 m2 of retail and office space. Some of the existing businesses in Frihamnen will remain, but much of the existing infrastructure is planned to be removed. The harbour no longer handles freight shipping, but passenger ships will continue to depart from the harbour (Frihamnspiren). Södra Värtan is planned to contain 1500 apartments, 20 preschool departments, 155,000 m2 of office and retail space, as well as 10,000 m2 of parks and a 600 m long waterfront walkway. The new development is intended to co-exist with the activities in the harbour, which creates challenges such as the blocking of noise stemming from the cruise ships. The walkways along the waterfront are planned to have shops and restaurants. The contributions of the articles, together with the SOS Climate Waterfront teams’ analysis of the three sites in Stockholm, provides relevant and timely interdisciplinary efforts to co-create novel solutions and future strategies to manage the climate challenges ahead. The solutions relate to the history of the urban territory, actors involved (or those excluded) and changes, over time, of planning ideals. A key theme is how to plan by creating inclusive strategies for the future by involving representatives of diverse interests, competences, and future visions for the sites. The consequences of climate change are affecting these different stakeholders and citizens in a wide range of ways, so including them in the process is crucial. This also includes the inclusion of future generations’ views on urban transformation. The largest challenge is to create new, novel solutions where these human interests, as well as those of local nature and non-human species, can be incorporated, in an effort to plan and design for a mitigation and management of the consequences of climate change. As we embark on this journey of exploration and innovation, we invite readers to delve into the pages of this book, where interdisciplinary research, creative design, and a shared commitment to sustainable urban development and decarbonisation strategies converge. Together, let us envision a future where cities thrive, harmoniously balancing their heritage, environment, and economic aspirations. QC 20231115 SOS Climate Waterfront https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/823901

The Arctic is rapidly changing. Warming temperatures are both facilitating new opportunities and threatening biodiversity. Despite a global effort to conserve biodiversity, and the recent acceleration of related conservation initiatives in Canada, species are already responding to a changing Arctic. However, our abilities to assess these changes, including shifting distributions and their impacts, are limited. Therefore, innovative approaches are necessary to focus the vastness of the Arctic to key habitats, the breadth of species diversity to key indicators of change, and to integrate knowledge in order to predict and manage a future Arctic. In this thesis, I establish Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. as indicators of ecosystem-level change in the Canadian Arctic. More broadly, however, I have developed tools and strategies to help assess the impending biodiversity crisis in the Arctic. I developed a novel model to successfully apply citizen science to monitor rapidly shifting biodiversity in the Canadian Arctic and I extend the breadth of community-based monitoring across species and their habitats to encompass broad-scale areas and fine-scale assessments. By aligning thermal tolerances with thermal regimes at critical groundwater spring oases, I developed a novel model that predicts watersheds vulnerable to colonizations by salmon, and identifies the associated risk of competition with native char. I also use genetic tools to establish that chum salmon O. keta colonized the upper Mackenzie River at deglaciation, and that vagrants are currently accessing the Mackenzie River via coastal pathways. Together, I advance science regarding: 1) the application of citizen science to monitor biodiversity shifts in the Arctic; 2) predictions of distributional shifts to extreme environments; and 3) assessing the viability of the Arctic freshwater and marine environments as fish habitat over the past several thousand years. By integrating the subsistence way-of-life with scientific approaches, we can better manage the development opportunities and predict the conservation impacts in a future Arctic.

We chose this theme to highlight the need for continuous and sustained human society to secure energy resources needed to survive, needs reflected in an increasingly in recent years in the strategies adopted at both states, as at the level of international organizations. Achieving security and stability in the wider Black Sea area has been among the priorities of each country's interests in this region. In this context, state and non-state actors were being called to come up with new solutions to achieve those interests. Certainly not in all cases the negotiations were completed or not yet found a generally accepted formula for others to apply, but most of them show off their values. The main environmental threats to security environment in the Black Sea region are represented by ethnic conflicts and territorial secessionism. A significant contribution to the security environment of the Black Sea region has the phenomenon of globalization, which in this region is manifested by a steady increase in traffic and volume of shipping passage of communication, which largely affects the security in the region. Globalization and the need for energy resources in the Black Sea was an important area not only as energy transport route, but as a potential supplier of material energy (oil and natural gas). Black Sea Basin can be stabilized and secured only by the will and input from all States and interested international organizations in pragmatic and effective institutional frameworks, meant to promote and protect the common interests of countries decided to participate in actions aimed at ensuring a stable environment security.

This study assessed the community structure of reef fishes in small, community-based fish sanctuary in Barangay Carenahan, Balayan, Batangas, in terms of abundance, density, species diversity and evenness, biomass and potential yield to determine the status of the sanctuary three years after its establishment. Results of the study were compared with previous studies done in the area to discern changes in the community that may suggest success or failure of the management strategies and actions applied in the area. Two other sites with potential for protection were likewise assessed using the same parameters used in Barangay Carenahan. One is located in NPC jetty and was previously reported to have high potential to be set as a reserve. The other one is being proposed by the locals as a marine reserve in Barangay Palicpican. Underwater fish visual census was done in three transect sites in the Carenahan sanctuary, two transect sites in NPC jetty and one transect site in Barangay Palicpican using scuba. Result of the survey in the Carenahan sanctuary yielded a total of 930 individuals, 70 reef fish species belonging to 24 reef fish families. For Palicpican and NPC jetty, a total of 163 individuals belonging to 22 species and 13 families and 856 individuals belonging to 76 species and 24 families, respectively were recorded. The biomass estimates of fish species in Carenahan, Palicpican and NPC jetty were 18.7, 67.5 and 22.6 g/m2, respectively. Among the three sites, Palicpican had the highest potential yield value of 0.10 tons/km2/year while Carenahan and NPC jetty both had 0.03 tons/km2/year potential yield value. Of the three reef fish categories, target fish species had biomass estimates of 12 g/m2 representing 47 percent of the total average biomass of fish in the three sites. Shannon-Wiener Diversity index value for the Carenahan sanctuary and NPC jetty was 1.4 while palicpican had only 0.95 which indicates high diversity in the two sites. This study observed an increase in species diversity, density and biomass for all three reef fish categories for all sites vis-avis NPC study conducted by Hilomen et al,. (2003). The reef fish assemblage in Carenahan sanctuary has improved after three years under official protection. The information generated in this study will form a baseline for the future from which to analyze the impact of the establishment of the fish sanctuary and marine reserve in the community.

La variabilit�� et le changement climatiques ainsi que l'��l��vation du niveau de la mer posent des d��fis importants pour la p��che, les autres activit��s de subsistance, l'eau et la s��curit�� alimentaire dans les petits ��tats insulaires, y compris les ��les Zanzibar. En l'absence d'une adaptation strat��gique planifi��e, les changements futurs pr��vus en termes de climat et de niveau de la mer intensifieront la vuln��rabilit�� de ces zones sensibles. En fait, le climat et le niveau de la mer en Afrique de l'Est r��agissent �� des ��v��nements r��gionaux et mondiaux tels que El Ni��o et La Ni��a, de sorte que leur variabilit�� est susceptible d'augmenter �� l'avenir. Cela n��cessite une adaptation aux niveaux local et national. Cet article est bas�� sur des recherches men��es dans deux sites situ��s dans les parties nord-est de chaque ��le : l'��le principale de Zanzibar, �� savoir Kiuyu Mbuyuni, l'��le de Pemba et Matemwe, l'��le d'Unguja. La recherche se concentre sur les conditions existantes du secteur de la p��che qui cr��ent la vuln��rabilit��, et examine ensuite le risque per��u du changement climatique et du risque non climatique sur la p��che. En utilisant principalement des donn��es d'enqu��te, l'��tude a r��v��l�� que les technologies impliqu��es dans la p��che cr��ent leur propre ensemble de vuln��rabilit�� et que les risques de changement climatique ajoutent plus de pression sur le secteur de la p��che. L'��tude sugg��re enfin des moyens qui pourraient ��tre utilis��s pour construire une activit�� de p��che c��ti��re r��siliente parmi les communaut��s c��ti��res des deux ��les principales de Zanzibar. Climate variability and change as well as sea level rise pose significant challenges to fisheries, other livelihood activities, water and food security in Small Island States including the Zanzibar Islands. Without planned strategic adaptation, the future projected changes in climate and sea level will intensify the vulnerability of these sensitive areas. In fact, climate and sea levels in East Africa respond from both regional and global events such as El Ni��o and La Ni��a, so that variability in these is likely to increase in the future. This requires adaptation at both local and national levels. This article is based on research conducted in two sites located in the north-eastern parts of each island: the main island of Zanzibar, namely Kiuyu Mbuyuni, Pemba Island and Matemwe, Unguja Island. The research focuses on existing conditions of the fisheries sector that create vulnerability, and secondly examines the perceived risk of climate change and non-climate risk on fisheries. Using mainly survey data, the study found that current scale and technologies involved in fisheries create their own set of vulnerability and that climate change risks add more pressure on the fisheries sector. The study finally suggests ways that could be used to build a resilient coastal fisheries activity among coastal communities in both of Zanzibar main islands.

The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) has just published the latest issue of SAMUDRA Report, its triannual journal on fisheries, communities and livelohoods. The current edition, SAMUDRA Report No. 84, dated December 2020, features a range of articles from countries around the world like Peru, Kiribati, Belize, France, the Philippines, Brazil, Ghana, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Vietnam.The issue also carries articles that discuss small-scale fisheries (SSF) and the SSF Guidelines, the ocean economy, tourism and labour rights, among other topics.