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Earth observation (EO) data are useful tools to analyse geomorphological processes, among which slow-moving landslides triggered by rainfall. EO data are also used to evaluate climate change and to assess its impact on geomorphological processes and geo-hydrological phenomena. The latter is the topic of the Project OT4Clima (Innovative Earth Observation technologies to study Climate Change and its impact on the environment) joined by CNR-IRPI within a consortium that includes other CNR institutes, universities and private companies. The OT4CLIMA project moves from the awareness that the impacts of climate change on the environment need to be better observed, understood, and modelled, especially at a regional scale, in order to put in place appropriate and effective risk mitigation strategies. Within the project, the CNR-IRPI group works on the development of rigorous methods and procedures for evaluating the impact of climate and its change on landslides, in particular on those characterized by a slow cinematic, at a regional scale. The test site is represented by four catchments located in the Basilicata region, southern Italy, namely the basins of the Bradano, Basento, Agri, and Sinni rivers. Long-term rainfall series gathered from 22 rain gauges located in the four catchments are analysed to evaluate the presence of temporal trends. To this aim, non-parametric and statistical tests are applied to the series. Historical landslide information is gathered from the analysis of the IFFI (Inventario dei Fenomeni Franosi in Italia) database, the Idrogeo platform (https://idrogeo.isprambiente.it/app/) and the AVI (Aree Vulnerate in Italia) catalogue. Only some types of landslide movements are considered, namely rotational-translational slides, slow slides/flows, complex movements. Moreover, Copernicus Sentinel-1 images are employed to detect the spatial and temporal distribution of slow earth surface deformations. The obtained results are used for checking the completeness of the landslide inventories. More in detail, the deformation maps of the test site are obtained by means of the application of the SBAS (Small BAseline Subset) technique to three datasets of Sentinel-1 images: t146 ascending orbit and t51 and t124 descending orbits, for the period 2015-2020. Then, a comparative analysis of rainfall data with displacement series is carried out with the aim of identifying clusters of satellite measurements with homogeneous behaviour likely correlated to variations in the rainfall regime. In particular, only the points with a mean velocity in the observation higher than 0.1 cm/year are considered to be moving. Moreover, only the displacement series of points located in areas mapped as landslides - as for the historical inventories - and sited within the influence regions of each rain gauge in the study area are analysed. A 10-km circular buffer centred in the stations are used to define the influence region of each station. The displacement series are analysed and compared to the rainfall series to search for correlations and to evaluate the effects of climate drivers on slow moving landslides.

Earth observation (EO) data are useful tools to analyse geomorphological processes, among which slow-moving landslides triggered by rainfall. EO data are also used to evaluate climate change and to assess its impact on geomorphological processes and geo-hydrological phenomena. The latter is the topic of the Project OT4Clima (Innovative Earth Observation technologies to study Climate Change and its impact on the environment) joined by CNR-IRPI within a consortium that includes other CNR institutes, universities and private companies. The OT4CLIMA project moves from the awareness that the impacts of climate change on the environment need to be better observed, understood, and modelled, especially at a regional scale, in order to put in place appropriate and effective risk mitigation strategies. Within the project, the CNR-IRPI group works on the development of rigorous methods and procedures for evaluating the impact of climate and its change on landslides, in particular on those characterized by a slow cinematic, at a regional scale. The test site is represented by four catchments located in the Basilicata region, southern Italy, namely the basins of the Bradano, Basento, Agri, and Sinni rivers. Long-term rainfall series gathered from 22 rain gauges located in the four catchments are analysed to evaluate the presence of temporal trends. To this aim, non-parametric and statistical tests are applied to the series. Historical landslide information is gathered from the analysis of the IFFI (Inventario dei Fenomeni Franosi in Italia) database, the Idrogeo platform (https://idrogeo.isprambiente.it/app/) and the AVI (Aree Vulnerate in Italia) catalogue. Only some types of landslide movements are considered, namely rotational-translational slides, slow slides/flows, complex movements. Moreover, Copernicus Sentinel-1 images are employed to detect the spatial and temporal distribution of slow earth surface deformations. The obtained results are used for checking the completeness of the landslide inventories. More in detail, the deformation maps of the test site are obtained by means of the application of the SBAS (Small BAseline Subset) technique to three datasets of Sentinel-1 images: t146 ascending orbit and t51 and t124 descending orbits, for the period 2015-2020. Then, a comparative analysis of rainfall data with displacement series is carried out with the aim of identifying clusters of satellite measurements with homogeneous behaviour likely correlated to variations in the rainfall regime. In particular, only the points with a mean velocity in the observation higher than 0.1 cm/year are considered to be moving. Moreover, only the displacement series of points located in areas mapped as landslides - as for the historical inventories - and sited within the influence regions of each rain gauge in the study area are analysed. A 10-km circular buffer centred in the stations are used to define the influence region of each station. The displacement series are analysed and compared to the rainfall series to search for correlations and to evaluate the effects of climate drivers on slow moving landslides.

The Philippines, and in particular its urban agglomerations (Manila, but not only), is characterized by innumerable social and environmental problems. These are largely due to recent history, from colonization onwards, to a socio-political system that has never found stability, but also to environmental impacts of the country's development, such as pronounced deforestation, massive urbanization and growth linked to the use of fossil fuels. In this framework, the role of climate is really important. The Philippines is located in a region of the globe strongly influenced by monsoons, which bring dry seasons (with frequent heat waves) alternating with wet ones with heavy rainfall. In addition, the region is often hit by typhoons, some of them very intense (super-typhoons), and the sea-level rise and storm surges associated with intense events cause severe flooding on the coasts of this archipelago. During recent decades, anthropogenic climate change has generally intensified all these phenomena, with even very serious consequences on territories that can often be considered fragile and on a very exposed population, in the countryside and on the coasts, but especially in urban centres. The environmental and social degradation we are witnessing in the Philippines certainly calls for systemic thinking like that of Pope Francis in his encyclical Laudato si' (Pope Francis 2015). It is a matter of adapting to a changed climate that will not return to the pre-industrial conditions, while at the same time strongly mitigating with a drastic reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. But here, as in the world's other fragile states, more than anything else there is a need for the developed countries, and the ones that created the problems related to climate change, to reach out to the Philippines with support of international cooperation to make the whole world a fair, more prosperous, safe and happy place to live. In this paper, I will attempt to describe the Philippines' climate and its recent changes, the impacts of these on the territories, the consequences on Philippine society, and the challenges of ecological conversion in this situation of environmental degradation.

The Philippines, and in particular its urban agglomerations (Manila, but not only), is characterized by innumerable social and environmental problems. These are largely due to recent history, from colonization onwards, to a socio-political system that has never found stability, but also to environmental impacts of the country's development, such as pronounced deforestation, massive urbanization and growth linked to the use of fossil fuels. In this framework, the role of climate is really important. The Philippines is located in a region of the globe strongly influenced by monsoons, which bring dry seasons (with frequent heat waves) alternating with wet ones with heavy rainfall. In addition, the region is often hit by typhoons, some of them very intense (super-typhoons), and the sea-level rise and storm surges associated with intense events cause severe flooding on the coasts of this archipelago. During recent decades, anthropogenic climate change has generally intensified all these phenomena, with even very serious consequences on territories that can often be considered fragile and on a very exposed population, in the countryside and on the coasts, but especially in urban centres. The environmental and social degradation we are witnessing in the Philippines certainly calls for systemic thinking like that of Pope Francis in his encyclical Laudato si' (Pope Francis 2015). It is a matter of adapting to a changed climate that will not return to the pre-industrial conditions, while at the same time strongly mitigating with a drastic reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. But here, as in the world's other fragile states, more than anything else there is a need for the developed countries, and the ones that created the problems related to climate change, to reach out to the Philippines with support of international cooperation to make the whole world a fair, more prosperous, safe and happy place to live. In this paper, I will attempt to describe the Philippines' climate and its recent changes, the impacts of these on the territories, the consequences on Philippine society, and the challenges of ecological conversion in this situation of environmental degradation.

The real assets, procedures, systems,and subsystems of a city can be virtually represented throughan urban digital twin(DT),which integrates heterogeneous data to learn and evolve with the physical city,offering support to monitor the current status and predict possible future scenarios.A DT of a city can be organized into layers, which represent specific facets of the city and cooperate to address specifici ssues.In this work,we present an application scenario in which a geometric layer,representing the 3D morphology of the urbane nvironment, cooperates with an energy consumption layer,providing knowledge of the peculiarities of thebuilding urban area and in particular of the built fabric,to assess their impact in terms of energy efficiency.The analysis of the urban geometries provides quantitative measuresas useful input,for instance,to define heat leakage.

The real assets, procedures, systems,and subsystems of a city can be virtually represented throughan urban digital twin(DT),which integrates heterogeneous data to learn and evolve with the physical city,offering support to monitor the current status and predict possible future scenarios.A DT of a city can be organized into layers, which represent specific facets of the city and cooperate to address specifici ssues.In this work,we present an application scenario in which a geometric layer,representing the 3D morphology of the urbane nvironment, cooperates with an energy consumption layer,providing knowledge of the peculiarities of thebuilding urban area and in particular of the built fabric,to assess their impact in terms of energy efficiency.The analysis of the urban geometries provides quantitative measuresas useful input,for instance,to define heat leakage.

Nowadays we are facing the emergence of new challenges, especially focused on environmental behavior and climate change and also the effects and impacts of COVID-19 world pandemic - which can restrain the attainment of the desired sustainability. It is, then, mandatory to reply to all of these challenges through the design of specific paths to attain sustainable development in a collective approach, with the involvement and the commitment of the community and performed in an integrated way. Thus, it is proposed a trans-disciplinary research method based on the European Union title recognition - European Green Capital (EGC) -, directly related to the Circular Economy (CE), together with a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This paper highlights sustainable measures and proposes common managerial strategies and policies, that can support the cities/regions' sustainable practices embedding as well as ensure its overall monitoring to measure if the actions implemented through time are adequate and efficient towards attaining CE and sustainable development. Those are based on the analysis of the best practices of the EGC, which can impact on CE, and using DEA. This approach can follow the city/region evolution and be adapted to the EGC evaluation parameters in order to understand the main characteristics that can contribute to improve governance approaches and help to foster CE into all the cities/regions' ecosystem. This work has been supported by national funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia through project UIDB/04728/2020.

Nowadays we are facing the emergence of new challenges, especially focused on environmental behavior and climate change and also the effects and impacts of COVID-19 world pandemic - which can restrain the attainment of the desired sustainability. It is, then, mandatory to reply to all of these challenges through the design of specific paths to attain sustainable development in a collective approach, with the involvement and the commitment of the community and performed in an integrated way. Thus, it is proposed a trans-disciplinary research method based on the European Union title recognition - European Green Capital (EGC) -, directly related to the Circular Economy (CE), together with a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This paper highlights sustainable measures and proposes common managerial strategies and policies, that can support the cities/regions' sustainable practices embedding as well as ensure its overall monitoring to measure if the actions implemented through time are adequate and efficient towards attaining CE and sustainable development. Those are based on the analysis of the best practices of the EGC, which can impact on CE, and using DEA. This approach can follow the city/region evolution and be adapted to the EGC evaluation parameters in order to understand the main characteristics that can contribute to improve governance approaches and help to foster CE into all the cities/regions' ecosystem. This work has been supported by national funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia through project UIDB/04728/2020.

Cereals, staple crops in human nutrition, are called to face manifold challenges to encounter the urgent demand of food along with a higher nutritional value ensuring the sustainability of the supply chain. In this view, research focuses on two main topics; firstly, the rise in productivity, balancing the growing demand of food, consistent with the availability of environmental resources. The second issue regards the urgency to properly cover the nutritional needs of the population which has become more sensitive to pathologies related to high-calorie eating habits and poor in valuable nutritional compounds. Faced with such important issues, it is desirable to adopt a full approach, based on projects aimed at satisfying multiple requests at once. The research here discussed concerns the development of three durum wheat genotypes in which novel properties have been combined both in the health-functional profile of the derived foods and in the milling characteristics of the grain. The project involves a group of durum wheat genotypes, in which the starch component has been modified in the amount of amylose, a polysaccharide that, together with amylopectin, constitutes the reserve starch. The high amylose genotypes are of interest due to the low glycemic profile and the prebiotic functionality of the derived foods depending on the increase in "resistant starch"; the amylose-free genotype is suitable for the design of highly digestible foods ideal for specific uses, such as nutrition for infants. These genotypes were, therefore, the subject of a further improvement breeding program focused on modifying the hardness of the seed associated with the efficiency and sustainability of grinding and the quality of the final products. In detail, three different genotypes of durum wheat have been selected:1) Soft Svevo /Sv SSIIa and 2) Soft Svevo/Sv SBEIIa combine a high amylose content with a softer kernel that results in increased resistant starch content and energy saving during the milling process. The third genotype, Soft Svevo/Sv Waxy, combines a softer kernel with free amylose starch following a novel starch digestibility profile suited for specific food categories. A marker-assisted selection based on HRM-genotyping has been performed to identify the homozygous mutants in the progenies of the three different crosses. Biochemical analyses such as the determination of total starch, resistant starch, starch damage, ?-glucan and arabinoxylan content are in progress and will be able to highlight the potential value of the selected genotypes.