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In this paper I addressed the issue of the engagement of museums in climate change. The problem of climate change is so important in the current social context that, despite its difficult political connotations, it cannot be ignored by museums, especially if we consider a museum as an element of a public sphere. Climate change is a challenge in 21st century. Climate change will present challenges that are of long-term nature, multidimensional and global phenomenon. It could impact directly on museums. I assume museums can provide a safe place for dialogue around climate change. Museums can also inform publics about the science of climate change and help to equip people with knowledge, shape their attitudes and behaviour, and strengthen the mechanism of participation. Potential barriers in effective communication could be the problem of uncertainty of our knowledge about climate change, scientific discourse in the process of communication and getting visitors involved.

In this paper I addressed the issue of the engagement of museums in climate change. The problem of climate change is so important in the current social context that, despite its difficult political connotations, it cannot be ignored by museums, especially if we consider a museum as an element of a public sphere. Climate change is a challenge in 21st century. Climate change will present challenges that are of long-term nature, multidimensional and global phenomenon. It could impact directly on museums. I assume museums can provide a safe place for dialogue around climate change. Museums can also inform publics about the science of climate change and help to equip people with knowledge, shape their attitudes and behaviour, and strengthen the mechanism of participation. Potential barriers in effective communication could be the problem of uncertainty of our knowledge about climate change, scientific discourse in the process of communication and getting visitors involved.

Concentractions of aerosols, amount of polycyclic hydrocarbons, in terms of soluble in benzene fraction and benzo(a)pyrene concentration were determined in coking plant air. Air was sampled on the roofs of modern coke batteries and on old-type batteries prior to, and following, modernization and major reapir. Aerosols were determined by passing 10--100 m3 of air through a 26 X 18.5 cm filter. After a weight determination of aerosol content the filter was subjected to benzene extraction and aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons were isolated from the extract, using thin-layer chromatography. Quantitative determination of these hydrocarbons was done using ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Results of determinations on work-posts in modern and old-type coke batteries prior to, and following, modernization were comapred. Average concentrations of aerosols in the air, amounts of polycyclic hydrocarbons soluble in benzene and concentration of benzo(a)pyrene determined on the roofs of old coke batteries before modernization were as follows: 11.26 mg/m3, 6.37 ug/m3 and 112.28 mg/m3, and after modernization: 0.88 mg/m3, 0.25 mg/m3 and 1.29 ug/m3, respectively. On the roofs of modern high chamber coke batteries average concentrations of aerosols, polycyclic hydrocarbons--benzo(a)pyrene amounts were: 4.21 mg/m3, 0.79 mg/m3 and 5.72 ug/m3, respectively. The results clearly demonstrate that work conditions in modernized coking plants are much better than those in old non-modernized coking plants.

Concentractions of aerosols, amount of polycyclic hydrocarbons, in terms of soluble in benzene fraction and benzo(a)pyrene concentration were determined in coking plant air. Air was sampled on the roofs of modern coke batteries and on old-type batteries prior to, and following, modernization and major reapir. Aerosols were determined by passing 10--100 m3 of air through a 26 X 18.5 cm filter. After a weight determination of aerosol content the filter was subjected to benzene extraction and aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons were isolated from the extract, using thin-layer chromatography. Quantitative determination of these hydrocarbons was done using ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Results of determinations on work-posts in modern and old-type coke batteries prior to, and following, modernization were comapred. Average concentrations of aerosols in the air, amounts of polycyclic hydrocarbons soluble in benzene and concentration of benzo(a)pyrene determined on the roofs of old coke batteries before modernization were as follows: 11.26 mg/m3, 6.37 ug/m3 and 112.28 mg/m3, and after modernization: 0.88 mg/m3, 0.25 mg/m3 and 1.29 ug/m3, respectively. On the roofs of modern high chamber coke batteries average concentrations of aerosols, polycyclic hydrocarbons--benzo(a)pyrene amounts were: 4.21 mg/m3, 0.79 mg/m3 and 5.72 ug/m3, respectively. The results clearly demonstrate that work conditions in modernized coking plants are much better than those in old non-modernized coking plants.

Architecture is a discipline combining aesthetics with technology. This paper is focusing on the relationship between aesthetics and energy efficiency in architecture with special interest in solar collectors and photovoltaic panels as technological equipment of the buildings. The paper takes into consideration the present situation and architectural development in northern Poland, with some input basing on European experiences. The paper defines aesthetics and efficiency in the field of architectural design as well as the use of public and urban spaces. Authors present also some case studies regarding the use of solar panels in selected architectural examples. The paper ends with summary and some conclusions including the need for further research in the field of architectural design, technology and product design, as well as the perception of urbanised spaces and the important field of economic and financial factors connected to the topic.

Architecture is a discipline combining aesthetics with technology. This paper is focusing on the relationship between aesthetics and energy efficiency in architecture with special interest in solar collectors and photovoltaic panels as technological equipment of the buildings. The paper takes into consideration the present situation and architectural development in northern Poland, with some input basing on European experiences. The paper defines aesthetics and efficiency in the field of architectural design as well as the use of public and urban spaces. Authors present also some case studies regarding the use of solar panels in selected architectural examples. The paper ends with summary and some conclusions including the need for further research in the field of architectural design, technology and product design, as well as the perception of urbanised spaces and the important field of economic and financial factors connected to the topic.

The purpose of the study was to determine the economic consequences of power lines abundance in the Lesko Forest District (SE Poland). We selected three model objects with a total area of 12.94 ha, which were located in young, middle���aged and old stands. Next, we calculated costs that would have been incurred by the forest district if these areas had been fully utilized for economic purposes. The potential revenues from the sale of timber assortments obtained from these areas were also taken into account. The total area of forest land transferred to power lines in the Lesko Forest District is 19.42 ha. We found that the forest district suffers losses due to the exclusion of the area under the power lines. On each model plot, the costs exceeded the profits. It was only in the stands of older age classes that the profits from the sale of wood reached a value similar to the costs, but remained lower. The costs and expected profits from the sale of wood were determined for all the excluded plots in the forest district. Christmas tree plantations are the only way to maintain the areas under power lines in the Lesko Forest District. However, it should be remembered that most of the stands of this forest district are of a protective nature, which shape the objectives of the forest management. The analysis of losses and benefits related to the use of forest areas for power lines should be multidirectional, and all economic activities should take into account the rationalization of costs related to forest management in the areas under the lines. Sylwan 165 (7): 554-561

The purpose of the study was to determine the economic consequences of power lines abundance in the Lesko Forest District (SE Poland). We selected three model objects with a total area of 12.94 ha, which were located in young, middle���aged and old stands. Next, we calculated costs that would have been incurred by the forest district if these areas had been fully utilized for economic purposes. The potential revenues from the sale of timber assortments obtained from these areas were also taken into account. The total area of forest land transferred to power lines in the Lesko Forest District is 19.42 ha. We found that the forest district suffers losses due to the exclusion of the area under the power lines. On each model plot, the costs exceeded the profits. It was only in the stands of older age classes that the profits from the sale of wood reached a value similar to the costs, but remained lower. The costs and expected profits from the sale of wood were determined for all the excluded plots in the forest district. Christmas tree plantations are the only way to maintain the areas under power lines in the Lesko Forest District. However, it should be remembered that most of the stands of this forest district are of a protective nature, which shape the objectives of the forest management. The analysis of losses and benefits related to the use of forest areas for power lines should be multidirectional, and all economic activities should take into account the rationalization of costs related to forest management in the areas under the lines. Sylwan 165 (7): 554-561

Stały rozwój gospodarczy państw generuje znaczne ilości odpadów, przy jednoczesnym wysokim zapotrzebowaniu na energie elektryczną. Technologią, która potencjalnie mogłaby połączyć wykorzystanie odpadów wraz z produkcją energii jest technologia ogniw paliwowych. Ogniwa takie przetwarzają energię paliwa bezpośrednio w energię elektryczną z pominięciem procesu spalania paliwa. Niektóre substancje odpadowe mogłyby stanowić dla nich potencjalne paliwo. Oleje roślinne (również odpadowe) stanowią obecnie alternatywę dla oleju napędowego. Powinny więc również stanowić alternatywę dla paliw do zasilania ogniw paliwowych. Autorzy starają się w pracy przedstawić nowy kierunek zagospodarowania odpadowego oleju rzepakowego w sposób bezpośredni z pominięciem procesu spalania. Praca przedstawia elektroutlenianie oleju rzepakowego na gładkiej elektrodzie platynowej w wodnym roztworze H2SO4. Jako pośrednik, pozwalający na uzyskanie emulsji dodawanej do elektrolitu, wykorzystano Syntanol DS-10. Pomiarów dokonano w reaktorze szklanym sprzężonym z potencjostatem. Uzyskana gęstość prądu wyniosła 10 mA/cm2 . Wykazano, więc możliwość zasilania ogniwa paliwowego zużytym olejem rzepakowym. W prototypowym ogniwie zasilanym takim olejem uzyskano 53 mW mocy. The constant economic development of countries generates significant amounts of waste, while at the same time high demand for electricity. The technology that could potentially combine waste utilization with energy production is fuel cell technology. Fuel cells convert fuel energy directly into electricity without intermediate stadium like fuel combustion process. Some waste substances could be a potential fuel for fuel cells. Vegetable oils (also waste) are now an alternative to diesel oil. These oils potentially can also be fuels for fuel cells. In paper the authors' try to present a new direction of using waste canola oil in a direct way, without combustion process. The paper presents measurements of electrooxidation of used canola oil emulsion prepared on the basis of a non-ionic surfactant on a smooth platinum electrode in an aqueous solution of H2SO4. The resulting current density reached the level of 10 mA/cm2 . So, the possibility of using used canola oil as fuel for fuel cells has been proved. Power was obtained in prototype fuel cell was obtained is equal 53 mW.