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  • 11. Sustainability
  • 15. Life on land
  • German

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Remme, Uwe;

    Vor dem Hintergrund eines zunehmenden globalen Energiebedarfs und der Gefahr einer anthropogenen Störung des Klimasystems durch die Emission von Treibhausgasen gilt es, tragfähige Strategien und Perspektiven für eine nachhaltige Energieversorgung zu entwickeln. Der verstärkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien wird dabei vielfach eine Schlüsselrolle zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen zugesprochen. Einer weit verbreiteten Ausschöpfung der auch in Deutschland in großem Maße verfügbaren Potenzialen an regenerativen Energieträgern stehen jedoch häufig noch die damit verbundenen hohen Kosten im Vergleich zu fossilen Energieträgern entgegen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher zu untersuchen, welchen Beitrag erneuerbare Energieträger in einem wettbewerblichen Marktumfeld langfristig zur Energieversorgung leisten können und in welchem Umfang erneuerbare Energieträger durch die Internalisierung der Treibhausgasvermeidungskosten in den Energiepreisen profitieren können. Zur Bewertung der Rolle erneuerbarer Energieträger sind mit Blick auf das Gesamtenergiesystem Interdependenzen zwischen der Nutzung erneuerbarer Energieträger und den übrigen Sektoren des Energiesystems zu berücksichtigen. Neben der Vernetzung des Energiesystems in horizontaler Richtung durch Prozessketten über Sektoren hinweg und in vertikaler Richtung durch die Konkurrenz regenerativer mit fossilen Energietechnologien sind dabei auch Kopplungen über Energiepreise, deren Höhe über die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit einer regenerativen Energietechnologie entscheidet, sowie die energie- und preisseitigen Effekte durch Einführung energiepolitischer Instrumente zu beachten. Aufgrund dieser Systemzusammenhänge wird daher ein auf dem Ansatz der linearen Programmierung basierendes intertemporales Energiesystemmodell verwendet, in dem die Energiewirtschaft Deutschlands von der Primär- bis zur Nutzenergie technologisch detailliert abgebildet und hinsichtlich der Systemkosten optimiert wird. Um die Wechselwirkungen innerhalb des Energiesystems aufzuzeigen, werden sich z. T. ergänzende methodische Verfahren entwickelt und eingesetzt. Neben einem Bilanzierungsmodell zur Ermittlung von die Prozessvorketten berücksichtigender Indikatoren zählen hierzu ein auf der Dualitätstheorie beruhendes Verfahren zur Dekomposition der Energie- und Zertifikatspreise, Methoden der Sensitivitätsanalyse zur Ermittlung der fundamentalen preisbestimmenden Faktoren und Techniken der parametrischen Programmierung, um neben Variationen der Modelleingangsdaten Treibhausgasvermeidungskostenkurven und Angebotskurven regenerativ erzeugten Stroms unter Berücksichtigung der systemaren Zusammenhänge im Energiesektor abzuleiten. Mit Hilfe des entwickelten Energiesystemmodells und der Analysemethoden werden die zukünftigen Entwicklungsperspektiven erneuerbarer Energien im deutschen Energiesystem bis zum Jahr 2050 szenariogestützt untersucht. In den Szenarien werden einerseits die mit einer Quote erneuerbarer Energien in der Stromerzeugung verbundenen energie-, kosten- und emissionsseitigen Auswirkungen betrachtet und andererseits der Beitrag erneuerbarer Energien in Konkurrenz mit alternativen Minderungsoptionen zur Erreichung von Treibhausgasminderungszielen dargestellt. Weiterhin werden in simultanen Variationen die Wechselwirkungen zwischen beiden Instrumenten und ihre Auswirkungen speziell auf die Stromerzeugungsstruktur und die Strompreise beleuchtet. Against the background of an increasing global energy demand and the danger of an anthropogenic disturbance of the climate system by the emission of greenhouse gases, it is necessary to develop sustainable strategies and perspectives for the future energy system. The increased usage of renewable sources is identified from many sides as a key element in strategies to overcome these challenges. However, a widely utilisation of the also in Germany large existing potentials of renewable energy carriers is currently still opposed by the associated high costs relative to fossil energy sources. The intention of the submitted thesis is to analyse the contribution of renewable energy sources in the long-run under competitive market conditions to the energy supply and to study the extent to which renewable energy sources can benefit from the internalisation of greenhouse gas abatement costs in the energy prices. To assess the role of renewable energy sources in the context of the entire energy system, interdependencies between the utilisation of renewable energy sources with other aspects and sectors of the energy system have to be taken into account. In addition to the interconnectedness of the energy system in the horizontal direction by process chains across sectors and in the vertical direction by the competition of renewable with conventional fossil technologies also the linkage by energy prices, which serve as benchmark for the competitiveness of a renewable energy technology, and the energy and price related effects caused by the introduction of policy instruments have to be considered. Due to these interactions within the system, a linear programming based dynamic energy system model is used, which depicts technologically detailed the German energy sector from the primary energy supply to the end-use energy demand side and optimises the energy system with respect to its total costs. In order to reveal the interactions and dependencies within the energy system, several partially complementary methodologies have been developed and applied to the model. Apart from a balance model that allows the calculation of specific indicators under consideration of previous process chains, the methodology comprises a method for decomposing energy and certificate prices based on the duality theory, the method of sensitivity analysis to identify the fundamental price-determining activities and parametric programming techniques to derive greenhouse gas abatement cost curves and renewable electricity supply cost curves. With the help of the developed energy system model and analysis tools, the future development perspectives of renewable energy in the German energy system until the year 2050 are studied in various scenarios. In these scenarios, on the one side the energy-, cost- and emission related effects associated with a quota for the electricity production from renewable sources are studied, on the other side the contribution of renewable energy sources to given greenhouse gas abatement targets in competition with alternative abatement measures is examined. Furthermore the interdependencies between these two policy instruments on each other and their effects on the structure of the electricity sector and on the electricity prices are highlighted.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hochschulschriftense...arrow_drop_down
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2006
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hochschulschriftense...arrow_drop_down
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2006
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bürger, Jana; Edler, Barbara; Gerowitt, Bärbel; Steinmann, Horst-Henning;

    Increasing maize cultivation and changed cropping practices promote the selection of typical maize weeds that may also profit strongly from climate change. Predicting potential weed problems is of high interest for plant production. Within the project KLIFF, experiments were combined with species distribution modelling for this task in the region of Lower Saxony, Germany. For our study, we modelled ecological and damage niches of nine weed species that are significant and wide spread in maize cropping in a number of European countries. Species distribution models describe the ecological niche of a species, these are the environmental conditions under which a species can maintain a vital population. It is also possible to estimate a damage niche, i.e. the conditions under which a species causes damage in agricultural crops. For this, we combined occurrence data of European national data bases with high resolution climate, soil and land use data. Models were also projected to simulated climate conditions for the time horizon 2070 - 2100 in order to estimate climate change effects. Modelling results indicate favourable conditions for typical maize weed occurrence virtually all over the study region, but only a few species are important in maize cropping. This is in good accordance with the findings of an earlier maize weed monitoring. Reaction to changing climate conditions is species-specific, for some species neutral (E. crus-galli), other species may gain (Polygonum persicaria) or loose (Viola arvensis) large areas of suitable habitats. All species with damage potential under present conditions will remain important in maize cropping, some more species will gain regional importance (Calystegia sepium, Setara viridis).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Julius-Kühn-Archivarrow_drop_down
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    Julius-Kühn-Archiv
    Article . 2014
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      Article . 2014
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  • Authors: Blach, Oliver Florian;

    In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Auswirkungen der internationalen Entwicklungen im Bereich der Mobilität und dessen Potential für eine zukünftige Verkehrsplanung in der Stadt Wien untersucht. Aktuell zeigt die COVID-19- Pandemie welche Wege tatsächlich notwendig sind und wie Personen ihren Berufen und Verpflichtungen auf eine neue, digitale Art und Weise nachgehen können. Die vergangenen Entwicklungen in Wien zeigen bereits, welche Maßnahmen zielführend sind und welche Auswirkungen diese für die Bevölkerung und deren Mobilität in einer Stadt haben. Zu Beginn dieser Arbeit werden diese Themen behandelt. Anschließend werden die aktuellen Konzepte und Projekte der Regierung in einem Kapitel vorgestellt, um einen Überblick über zukünftige Maßnahmen zur CO2-Reduktion aufzuzeigen. Die Zukunft steht unter dem Motto ‚Neue Mobilität‘, diese gilt es im gleichnamigen Kapitel zu definieren und mögliche Auswirkungen auf die zukünftige Verkehrsplanung darzustellen. Diese Abschnitte sind Grundlage für die erstellte Umfrage ‚Mobilität in & um Wien‘, die die aktuelle Situation und Visionen der Teilnehmer abruft. Die Ergebnisse werden zunächst in einem allgemeinen Teil analysiert und im darauffolgenden Abschnitt für Lösungsmöglichkeiten in unterschiedlichen Varianten herangezogen. Um den Rahmen der Arbeit einzugrenzen, fokussieren sich die Varianten auf drei klassische Bewegungsprofile (Ziel-, Quell- und Binnenverkehr), welche auf den gewählten Routen die Versorgung und den Ausbau sowie Nachhaltigkeit und Verbesserungspotential der Verkehrstypen (ÖPNV, MIV und NMIV) untersuchen. Die einzelnen Potentiale der Verkehrsströme werden in Bezug auf die Verkehrstypen zusammengefasst und zeigen, dass in allen Bereichen vor allem aber in der Versorgung und im Ausbau die größten Optimierungspotentiale liegen. Neben der besseren Ausstattung der Ladeinfrastruktur für den MIV sind Raum und Aufteilung der Straße die wichtigsten Bereiche für den NMIV. Die Erkenntnisse zeigen jedoch auch, dass für detaillierte Verbesserungen Gebiete per se genauer untersucht werden müssen. Allerdings ist es herausfordernd ein Konzept zu erstellen, welches die Zufriedenheit aller im Verkehr Beteiligten erlangt. Demnach sollten zukünftige Verkehrskonzepte alle Verkehrsteilnehmer gleichermaßen einbeziehen, um eine funktionierende Gesamtlösung für die Stadt Wien zu erzielen. This thesis deals with the impact of international developments in the field of mobility and its potential for future traffic planning in Vienna. The COVID-19 pandemic is currently showing which ways are necessary and how people pursue their jobs and tasks in a new, digital method. The past developments in Vienna have already shown which measures are effective and what the consequences for the population and their mobility in a city are. These topics are presented and identified at the beginning of this thesis. Subsequently, the ongoing concepts and projects initiated by the central government of Austria and the local administration of Vienna are highlighted to study the prospects of future measures to reduce CO2 emissions, followed by the possible effects on future traffic planning, which are defined in the corresponding chapter. New mobility is the motto of the future. The results of these chapters are the basis for the organised survey, 'Mobilität in & um Wien’, which highlights the current situation and visions of the participants. First, the results are analysed in the general part of this thesis and then assessed in the following chapter for possible solutions of different variants. To limit the scope of this study, the variants focus on three classic movement profiles - destination traffic, source traffic, and inland traffic – examining the potential of supply and expansion, as well as the sustainability and improvement, of the different types of traffic (public transport, private motorised traffic, and non-motorised individual transport) on selected routes. The individual potentials of traffic flows are summarised in relation to the types of traffic and reveal, that, in all areas, supply and expansion have the greatest potential for optimisation. In addition, improvements to the equipment for charging infrastructure of PMV, space development and the layout of streets are the most important areas for the NMT. However, the findings also show that areas per se need to be examined more closely for detailed improvements. In other words, it is challenging to create a concept that satisfies all those who participate in traffic. The results of this thesis indicate that future traffic concepts should involve all participants equally to achieve an overall functioning solution for the city of Vienna. vorgelegt von: Oliver Florian Blach Auch als Printbestand verfügbar Masterarbeit Wien, FH Campus Wien 2021

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Haas, Stefan;

    Bauherren formulieren immer ��fter den Wunsch nach einem gesunden Wohnumfeld. Aufgrund von verf��gbarem Materialwissen und Baustoffinformationssystemen sind Planer mittlerweile in der Lage, materialspezifische Anforderungen zum schadstoffarmen Planen und Bauen abzuleiten. Aktuell gibt es jedoch keine standardisierten Vorgehensstrategien und Hilfen, die den Planer bei der Umsetzung der daraus entstehenden prozessbezogenen Herausforderungen unterst��tzen. Schadstoffarme Projekte werden h��ufig als Individualwerk, mit immer wieder neu konzipierten Abl��ufen, von Experten durchgef��hrt. Bereits entwickelte Expertenl��sungen verbleiben als exklusives Wissen bei wenigen Fachplanern. Nur einzelne Teilprozesse sind als Strategiewissen f��r alle verf��gbar. Somit bleiben zu viele Fragen und Unsicherheiten zur Planung und Bauausf��hrung offen, Experten sind nach wie vor notwendig, wenn besonders schadstoffarm gebaut werden soll. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer prozessbezogenen Vorgehensstrategie zur Qualit��tssicherung des schadstoffarmen Planens und Bauens. Eine praxisnahe Systematik soll ���neue��� Abl��ufe und Zusammenh��nge f��r Planer aufzeigen, um fr��hzeitig Risiken zu vermeiden. Aufbauend auf einer Vorstudie zu theoretischen Risikomodellen und beispielhaften Bauteilbetrachtungen wird eine qualitative Studie mit der Methode der Experteninterviews durchgef��hrt, um Expertenwissen und deren Planungswissen zu explizieren und f��r die Ergebniserstellung zu interpretieren. Als Ergebnis der Untersuchung werden sieben sog. ���neue��� Kernprozesse zum schadstoffarmen Planen und Bauen definiert und mit Checklisten hinterlegt. Um aufzuzeigen, wie der theoretische Ansatz in eine praxisnahe Anwendung ��berf��hrt werden muss, folgt eine zweite Ausarbeitungsstufe. In dieser werden die Modelle und die Checklisten zu einem Strategiemuster zusammengef��hrt. F��r zwei Bauteile k��nnen hiernach eine Bauteilmatrix, Bauteilmuster und Hilfetexte erstellt werden. Die entwickelte Vorgehensstrategie stellt eine praxisnahe Planungshilfe zur Qualit��tssicherung dar und besteht aus folgenden 4 Ebenen: - Ebene E.1 ���Strategiemuster��� - ��berblick Risikobereiche. - Ebene E.2 ���Bauteilmuster��� - Vergleichsm��glichkeit Bauteile. - Ebene E.3 ���Bauteilmatrix��� - Kurzhinweise Risiken. - Ebene E.4 ���Strategiebl��tter��� - Handlungsanweisung. Clients more and more ask for healthy living and working environments. Planers see themselves challenged to fulfill these requests. They benefit from product information, which aims to support them, and which evolves ongoing. But nevertheless, currently, there are no standardized and freely accessible procedural strategies and aids, supporting the planner in implementing these specified requirements in planning and construction processes. Project management is often carried by an individual with him constantly redesigned processes. This comes with a large number of questions and uncertainties in regards to planning and construction, resulting in the consultation of an expert. The aim of the following research work is the development of a process-related strategy, which helps to qualitatively manage planning and construction processes of environmentally-friendly projects, projects that contain fewer pollutants. New processes are to modeled in step with actual practice in order to avoid risks early enough. Based on a preliminary study of theoretical risk models and exemplary construction components, a qualitative study helps to explicate expert knowledge and strategies by using the method of expert interviews. As a research result, seven so-called "new" key processes are defined for the planning and construction of projects with fewer pollutants. These results are displayed as two-dimensional models in various levels of detail and are supplemented by so-called checklists. In order to transmit these theoretical approaches into a practical application, a strategy pattern is developed out of the models and the checklists. In addition, this pattern is verified du to an exemplification with the examples of two external walls. As a result, a matrix as well as a pattern for each construction element can be deviated. Due to the complementation by additional information and the design of a so called strategic data sheet, the scheme and its elements for the quality management system can be identified and defined as the following: - Level 1 E.1 ���Strategy Pattern��� - overview risks. - Level 2 E.2 ���Construction Element Matrix��� - comparison of constructions. - Level 3 E.3 ���Construction Element Pattern��� - key information. - Level 4 E.4 ���Strategic Data Sheet��� - additional information.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
    Doctoral thesis . 2022
    License: CC BY
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    Doctoral thesis . 2022
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
      Doctoral thesis . 2022
      License: CC BY
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    Authors: Weck-Ponten, Sebastian;

    In future, heat pumps and shallow geothermal energy will play a central role in the decarbonization of the building and energy sector. The potentials of shallow geothermal energy have not been exploited so far, in particular due to the high complexity of planning and approval processes. In addition, the various stakeholders involved in the planning process create interfaces, which can lead to transfer gaps and barriers for an optimized system design. In order to raise the potentials and optimize the system design, a holistic planning process and the combination of different planning tools are necessary, which enable, among other things, geothermal site evaluations, the representation of the mutual thermal influence of geothermal borehole heat exchangers and their effects on neighboring properties, as well as the evaluation of geothermal systems under consideration of economic and ecological decision parameters. In this context, a simulation-based multi-level planning methodology is presented, which enables the holistic planning of geothermal heat pump systems with borehole heat exchangers on the scales of single buildings up to district level in the early planning phases. By integrating calculation tools for mapping the upper ground and subsurface into a closed simulation chain, existing transfer gaps between different trades can be closed. Using a prototypically implemented system configurator, geothermal heat pump systems can be designed in detail, compared with conventional systems, and evaluated on the basis of technical, energetic, economic, and ecological criteria. The combination of configuration, immediate result plotting and automatically triggered simulations running in the background enables an iterative and practical design process. In this context, a heat pump system model is presented which is adapted to the functionalities of the system configurator and specialized for the early planning process. This model includes thermal storage balances and control algorithms, is applicable on city district level and can be coupled bidirectionally to subsurface models. The tool chain's connection to an existing web- and GIS-based geoportal including databases enables a central data aggregation and geothermal site evaluations. This can provide tool-based support for the application and approval process of shallow geothermal systems and holistic planning approaches such as municipal heat planning. Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2023; Aachen : RWTH Aachen University 1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme (2023). = Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2023 Published by RWTH Aachen University, Aachen

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18154/rw...
    Doctoral thesis . 2023
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18154/rw...
      Doctoral thesis . 2023
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    Authors: Hardering, Friedericke; Lenz, Sarah;

    In den letzten Jahren lässt sich ein zunehmendes Nachdenken über Nachhaltigkeit beobachten. Wenngleich Nachhaltigkeit zu einem allgegenwärtigen Leitbegriff gesellschaftlichen und wirtschaftlichen Wandels avanciert, werden Themen der nachhaltigen Entwicklung von Arbeit trotz dieser Dynamiken kaum thematisiert. Es bleibt bisweilen offen, welche Relevanz die Idee von Nachhaltigkeit für die Beschäftigten hat, was sie unter Nachhaltigkeit verstehen und inwieweit sich Ansprüche an Nachhaltigkeit in der Arbeit identifizieren lassen. Vor diesem Hintergrund widmet sich dieser Beitrag der Bedeutung der Nachhaltigkeitsidee in subjektiven Konzepten von guter und sinnvoller Arbeit. Auf der Basis von teilstrukturierten narrativen Interviews werden Phasen der beruflichen Umorientierung als moments critiques analysiert, da diese in verdichteter Form Aufschluss über die zugrunde liegenden Motive, Vorstellungen und Wünsche an eine gute Arbeit geben. Die Analyse zeigt, dass sich Nachhaltigkeitsvorstellungen in drei Dimensionen rekonstruieren lassen: der Arbeitskraft, der Profession und des sozialen wie ökologischen Umweltbezuges. Da Nachhaltigkeit in Verbindung mit anderen Ansprüchen eingefordert wird, lässt sich von einem flankierenden Anspruch sprechen. In recent years, there was a growing interest in sustainability. Although sustainability rises to a leading concept in thinking about social and economic change, sustainable development of work is rarely discussed. How employees understand sustainability in the context of work and if they have any demands on sustainability of work remain open questions. Against this backdrop, this contribution focuses on the relevance of sustainability in subjective concepts of good and meaningful work. Based on semi-structured narrative interviews, we analyze changes of jobs as moments critiques that give insights on motives, visions and demands of good work. Our findings show three dimensions which are linked to sustainability: labor, professions and relations to social and ecological aims. Besides, demands for sustainability always appear in connection with other demands for good work. AIS-Studien

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.21241/ss...
    Other literature type . 2017
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.21241/ss...
      Other literature type . 2017
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    Authors: Aida Anguiano de Miguel;

    I mean to analyze the reciprocity between urban policies and economic growth; and the role of agents and estate developers in China. Emergent economy with high inequality rates. The roles of capitalist corporations and the Government in the construction and reconstruction of cities, Examine the infrastructures, business and commerce developers, sport and leisure areas, academic and cultural centers, and housing in the Chinese metropolis. The Asian country has become one of the most polluting ones as result of the fast urbanization, and the rapid growth of industry and infrastructures. Teams of architects have planned sustainable building but megalopoleis make eco-cities necessary.

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    Barataria
    Article . 2016
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      Barataria
      Article . 2016
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    Authors: Simon, Sonja; Demmeler, Martin; Heißenhuber, Alois;

    To satisfy national sustainability targets in Germany, both bioenergy and organic farming claim a growing area of farmland. Analyses with a land use model and ac-companying expert interviews show, how the competition for land is growing in certain regions. A restricted area potential for energy crops – even with an ever intensifying farming opposes targets for an increasing share of land for organic agriculture and nature conservation. Thus there is a need for policy action, to discuss and solve this goal conflict. An ongoing study currently develops strategies for two selected German regions for a more ecologically compatible bioenergy production.

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    Organic Eprints
    Conference object . 2007
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    Authors: König, Andreas;

    Die energetische Nutzung von Biomasse umfasst eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen und alternativen Pfaden zur Endenergiebereitstellung. Feste, flüssige und gasförmige Bioenergieträger können über thermische, thermo-chemische, physikalisch-chemische und biologisch-chemische Konversionsverfahren alternativ in Wärme, Strom und Kraftstoffe überführt werden. Dabei stehen der Möglichkeit durch die Biomassenutzung einen Beitrag zur Minderung von Treibhausgasemissionen (THG-Emissionen) und zur Substitution fossiler Energieträger zu leisten, erhöhte Kosten im Vergleich zu den konventionellen Bereitstellungsverfahren gegenüber. Zudem gilt im Hinblick auf einen Ausbau der Bioenergie zu berücksichtigen, dass trotz des regenerativen Charakters der Biomasse als erneuerbare Energiequelle, die Biomasse- und Flächenpotenziale in Deutschland begrenzt sind. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher die Analyse und Bewertung unterschiedlicher energetischer Nutzungspfade von Biomasse unter technischen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Gesichtspunkten vor dem Hintergrund energie- und umweltpolitischer Zielsetzungen einerseits und der Biomassepotenziale in Deutschland andererseits. Dafür wurden für eine Auswahl an heute und zukünftig wichtigen Prozessketten der Energieträgerproduktion und -nutzung sowohl Energie- und Stoffstrombilanzen erstellt als auch die Kosten der Energiegestehung berechnet. Anhand der unterschiedlichen daraus ableitbaren technischen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Aspekte erfolgt eine umfassende Bewertung der Nutzungspfade. Im Hinblick auf die Konkurrenz zu anderen erneuerbaren und den konventionellen Verfahren der Energiebereitstellung im Energiesystem Deutschland wurden die Nutzungsoptionen für Biomasse anhand einer modellgestützten Szenarioanalyse zudem systemisch bewertet. Durch die Analyse und Bewertung konnten vorteilhafte Nutzungspfade für die Endenergiebereitstellung aus Biomasse im Hinblick auf eine effiziente Biomassenutzung und eine kostengünstige Minderung der Treibhausgasemissionen identifiziert werden. Es zeigt sich, dass die Wärmebereitstellung im Hinblick auf die Gesamtheit der hier untersuchten Aspekte die vorteilhafteste Nutzungsoption darstellt. Sie ist aufgrund der höheren Effizienz bei der Biomasseumwandlung sowohl der KWK-Nutzung von Festbrennstoffen als auch der Bereitstellung gasförmiger Kraftstoffe vorzuziehen. Demgegenüber erweisen sich sowohl die Bereitstellung von Biokraftstoffen der 1. Generation, wie z. B. Biodiesel aus Raps und Ethanol aus Zuckerrüben, als auch die Nutzung von Biogas mit geringen Wärmenutzungsgraden als vergleichsweise wenig vorteilhaft. Es zeigt sich deutlich, dass der Effizienz der Biomassebereitstellung und -konversion vor den hier erarbeiteten Ergebnissen eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit bei der zukünftigen Bioenergienutzung in Deutschland zukommen sollte, da diese nicht nur einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Gesamteffizienz der Nutzungspfade sondern auch auf andere Aspekte, wie z. B. die spezifischen Emissionen und das Substitutionspotenzial für fossile Energieträger aufweist. Zudem wird klar, dass insbesondere bei den Biokraftstoffen der 1. Generation eine verstärkte energetische Nutzung der Koppelprodukte zur Verbesserung der Energiebilanz erfolgen sollte. Ohne die Koppelproduktnutzung erweisen sich die Gesamteffizienzen dieser Prozessketten als vergleichsweise wenig vorteilhaft. Die hier erarbeiteten Ergebnisse zeigen überdies, dass durch die Nutzung heimischer Biomasse- und Flächenpotenziale ein nennenswerter und vergleichsweise kostengünstiger Beitrag zur Minderung der energiebedingten THG-Emissionen und zur Substitution fossiler Energieträger im Energiesystem Deutschland geleistet werden kann. Rund 1.097 PJ/a an Endenergie in Form von Wärme, Strom und Kraftstoff können bei einer konsequenten Verfolgung der Klimaschutzziele bis zum Jahr 2030 durch Biomasse bereitgestellt werden. Damit kann in Deutschland im Jahr 2030 ein Anteil der heimischen Biomasse am Primärenergieverbrauch von rund 14,0 % und ein Anteil der Bioenergie am Endenergieverbrauch von 11,1 % erreicht werden. The energetic utilization of biomass comprises many different and alternative pathways for the provision of different kinds of end energy. Solid, liquid and gaseous bioenergy carriers can be transferred to heat, power and transport fuels via thermal, thermo-chemical, physio-chemical and bio-chemical conversion technologies. The preferable characteristics of biomass utilization, such as the possibility to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the substitution of fossil fuels, compete against the relatively high costs compared to conventional energy provision technologies. Additionally, the potentials of biomass and agricultural area for energy crop production in Germany are limited. The aim of this study is therefore the analysis and assessment of different energetic utilization pathways of biomass under technical, economic and ecological aspects against the background of energy and environment policy goals on the one hand and the limited biomass potential on the other hand. For a sample of current and prospective important process chains of the production and utilization of bioenergy carriers the energy and mass flows were balanced. In addition the energy provision costs were calculated. The following step was the integration of the different technical, economic and ecological aspects against the background of a comprehensive assessment. With regard to the competition to other renewable energies and to the conventional methods of energy supply in the energy system of Germany the utilization options were systematically assessed by means of a model based approach. Due to the analysis and assessment favourable utilization pathways for the energy provision from biomass could be identified. The results show, that the heat provision has to be evaluated as the most favourable utilization option under technical, economical and ecological aspects. Due to higher efficiencies of the biomass conversion the heat provision is more preferable than the CHP use of solid biomass as well as the provision of gaseous fuels. In contrast to that, the provision of 1st generation bio fuels, e. g. biodiesel from rapeseed and ethanol from sugar beet as well as the utilization of biogas with low heat use, has to be assessed rather less favourable. Given the presented results, the efficiency of the biomass production and conversion should play a major role in the future configuration of bioenergy in the energy system of Germany due to the high influence on the overall efficiency of the process chains and other aspects like the specific emissions and the substitution of fossil fuels. Like the efficiency the energetic utilization of by products, especially in the case of the production of 1st generation biofuels should be enhanced to improve the energy balance of these pathways. The results affirm that the utilization of national biomass and land area potentials can contribute considerably and relatively cost efficient to the reduction of GHG emissions and the substitution of fossil energy carriers. About 1,097 PJ per year in form of heat, power and transport fuels can be provided when the optimistic GHG reduction targets till 2030 will be met. In this case the national biomass shows a share of 14.0 % of primary energy demand and 11.1 % of end energy consumption.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2009
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  • Authors: Oberhummer, Anton;

    Diese Masterarbeit gibt einen Überblick über Technologien und Lösungen, welche derzeit zur Verfügung stehen, um dem steigenden Bedarf an Gebäudekühlung nachhaltig zu begegnen. Raumklimatisierung trägt zunehmend und wesentlich zum globalen Energiebedarf bei und auch der weltweite Absatz von Raumklimageräten steigt signifikant. Wie stark dieser kältetechnische Energiebedarf wächst, hängt einerseits von den politischen Maßnahmen zur Förderung nachhaltiger Systeme ab und andererseits von der Akzeptanz durch die NutzerInnen, PlanerInnen oder den Bauherren ab. Die derzeit bestehenden und auch geplanten Maßnahmen tragen jedoch nur sehr begrenzt dazu bei, dieses Wachstum nachhaltig zu bremsen. Die Entwicklung einer multikriteriellen Analysestruktur für resilientes Kühlen in Form von technologieübergreifenden Datenblättern soll ArchitektInnen, PlanerInnen und Bauherren bei der Auswahl eines für ihre Anforderungen geeigneten Kühlsystems unterstützen. Die erstellten Datenblätter stellen zum einen die technischen Daten und Leistungsgrenzen der jeweiligen Technologie übersichtlich dar und zum anderen auch deren ökologischen, ökonomischen und soziokulturellen Auswirkungen. Sämtliche Datenblätter, welche im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelt und anschließend befüllt wurden sind in einer Datenblattsammlung im Anhang dieser Arbeit abgelegt. This master thesis gives an overview of technologies and solutions that are currently available to meet the increasing demand for building cooling in a sustainable way. Room air conditioning is making an increasing and significant contribution to global energy demand, and worldwide sales of room air conditioners are also rising significantly. The growing of energy needs for cooling depends on the one hand, on the political measures taken to promote sustainable systems and, on the other hand, on the level of acceptance by users, planners or building owners. However, the existing and planned measures are only making a very limited contribution to slowing this growth in the long term. The development of a multi-criteria analysis structure for resilient cooling in the form of cross-technology data sheets should support architects, planners and building owners in selecting a cooling system suitable for their requirements. The data sheets provide a clear overview of the technical data and performance limits of the respective technology on the one hand and their ecological, economic and socio-cultural effects on the other. All data sheets, which were developed and subsequently filled in within the scope of this work, are stored in a data sheet collection in the appendix of this work. vorgelegt von: Anton Oberhummer Wien, FH Campus Wien, Masterarb., 2019

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159 Research products
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Remme, Uwe;

    Vor dem Hintergrund eines zunehmenden globalen Energiebedarfs und der Gefahr einer anthropogenen Störung des Klimasystems durch die Emission von Treibhausgasen gilt es, tragfähige Strategien und Perspektiven für eine nachhaltige Energieversorgung zu entwickeln. Der verstärkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien wird dabei vielfach eine Schlüsselrolle zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen zugesprochen. Einer weit verbreiteten Ausschöpfung der auch in Deutschland in großem Maße verfügbaren Potenzialen an regenerativen Energieträgern stehen jedoch häufig noch die damit verbundenen hohen Kosten im Vergleich zu fossilen Energieträgern entgegen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es daher zu untersuchen, welchen Beitrag erneuerbare Energieträger in einem wettbewerblichen Marktumfeld langfristig zur Energieversorgung leisten können und in welchem Umfang erneuerbare Energieträger durch die Internalisierung der Treibhausgasvermeidungskosten in den Energiepreisen profitieren können. Zur Bewertung der Rolle erneuerbarer Energieträger sind mit Blick auf das Gesamtenergiesystem Interdependenzen zwischen der Nutzung erneuerbarer Energieträger und den übrigen Sektoren des Energiesystems zu berücksichtigen. Neben der Vernetzung des Energiesystems in horizontaler Richtung durch Prozessketten über Sektoren hinweg und in vertikaler Richtung durch die Konkurrenz regenerativer mit fossilen Energietechnologien sind dabei auch Kopplungen über Energiepreise, deren Höhe über die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit einer regenerativen Energietechnologie entscheidet, sowie die energie- und preisseitigen Effekte durch Einführung energiepolitischer Instrumente zu beachten. Aufgrund dieser Systemzusammenhänge wird daher ein auf dem Ansatz der linearen Programmierung basierendes intertemporales Energiesystemmodell verwendet, in dem die Energiewirtschaft Deutschlands von der Primär- bis zur Nutzenergie technologisch detailliert abgebildet und hinsichtlich der Systemkosten optimiert wird. Um die Wechselwirkungen innerhalb des Energiesystems aufzuzeigen, werden sich z. T. ergänzende methodische Verfahren entwickelt und eingesetzt. Neben einem Bilanzierungsmodell zur Ermittlung von die Prozessvorketten berücksichtigender Indikatoren zählen hierzu ein auf der Dualitätstheorie beruhendes Verfahren zur Dekomposition der Energie- und Zertifikatspreise, Methoden der Sensitivitätsanalyse zur Ermittlung der fundamentalen preisbestimmenden Faktoren und Techniken der parametrischen Programmierung, um neben Variationen der Modelleingangsdaten Treibhausgasvermeidungskostenkurven und Angebotskurven regenerativ erzeugten Stroms unter Berücksichtigung der systemaren Zusammenhänge im Energiesektor abzuleiten. Mit Hilfe des entwickelten Energiesystemmodells und der Analysemethoden werden die zukünftigen Entwicklungsperspektiven erneuerbarer Energien im deutschen Energiesystem bis zum Jahr 2050 szenariogestützt untersucht. In den Szenarien werden einerseits die mit einer Quote erneuerbarer Energien in der Stromerzeugung verbundenen energie-, kosten- und emissionsseitigen Auswirkungen betrachtet und andererseits der Beitrag erneuerbarer Energien in Konkurrenz mit alternativen Minderungsoptionen zur Erreichung von Treibhausgasminderungszielen dargestellt. Weiterhin werden in simultanen Variationen die Wechselwirkungen zwischen beiden Instrumenten und ihre Auswirkungen speziell auf die Stromerzeugungsstruktur und die Strompreise beleuchtet. Against the background of an increasing global energy demand and the danger of an anthropogenic disturbance of the climate system by the emission of greenhouse gases, it is necessary to develop sustainable strategies and perspectives for the future energy system. The increased usage of renewable sources is identified from many sides as a key element in strategies to overcome these challenges. However, a widely utilisation of the also in Germany large existing potentials of renewable energy carriers is currently still opposed by the associated high costs relative to fossil energy sources. The intention of the submitted thesis is to analyse the contribution of renewable energy sources in the long-run under competitive market conditions to the energy supply and to study the extent to which renewable energy sources can benefit from the internalisation of greenhouse gas abatement costs in the energy prices. To assess the role of renewable energy sources in the context of the entire energy system, interdependencies between the utilisation of renewable energy sources with other aspects and sectors of the energy system have to be taken into account. In addition to the interconnectedness of the energy system in the horizontal direction by process chains across sectors and in the vertical direction by the competition of renewable with conventional fossil technologies also the linkage by energy prices, which serve as benchmark for the competitiveness of a renewable energy technology, and the energy and price related effects caused by the introduction of policy instruments have to be considered. Due to these interactions within the system, a linear programming based dynamic energy system model is used, which depicts technologically detailed the German energy sector from the primary energy supply to the end-use energy demand side and optimises the energy system with respect to its total costs. In order to reveal the interactions and dependencies within the energy system, several partially complementary methodologies have been developed and applied to the model. Apart from a balance model that allows the calculation of specific indicators under consideration of previous process chains, the methodology comprises a method for decomposing energy and certificate prices based on the duality theory, the method of sensitivity analysis to identify the fundamental price-determining activities and parametric programming techniques to derive greenhouse gas abatement cost curves and renewable electricity supply cost curves. With the help of the developed energy system model and analysis tools, the future development perspectives of renewable energy in the German energy system until the year 2050 are studied in various scenarios. In these scenarios, on the one side the energy-, cost- and emission related effects associated with a quota for the electricity production from renewable sources are studied, on the other side the contribution of renewable energy sources to given greenhouse gas abatement targets in competition with alternative abatement measures is examined. Furthermore the interdependencies between these two policy instruments on each other and their effects on the structure of the electricity sector and on the electricity prices are highlighted.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2006
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2006
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bürger, Jana; Edler, Barbara; Gerowitt, Bärbel; Steinmann, Horst-Henning;

    Increasing maize cultivation and changed cropping practices promote the selection of typical maize weeds that may also profit strongly from climate change. Predicting potential weed problems is of high interest for plant production. Within the project KLIFF, experiments were combined with species distribution modelling for this task in the region of Lower Saxony, Germany. For our study, we modelled ecological and damage niches of nine weed species that are significant and wide spread in maize cropping in a number of European countries. Species distribution models describe the ecological niche of a species, these are the environmental conditions under which a species can maintain a vital population. It is also possible to estimate a damage niche, i.e. the conditions under which a species causes damage in agricultural crops. For this, we combined occurrence data of European national data bases with high resolution climate, soil and land use data. Models were also projected to simulated climate conditions for the time horizon 2070 - 2100 in order to estimate climate change effects. Modelling results indicate favourable conditions for typical maize weed occurrence virtually all over the study region, but only a few species are important in maize cropping. This is in good accordance with the findings of an earlier maize weed monitoring. Reaction to changing climate conditions is species-specific, for some species neutral (E. crus-galli), other species may gain (Polygonum persicaria) or loose (Viola arvensis) large areas of suitable habitats. All species with damage potential under present conditions will remain important in maize cropping, some more species will gain regional importance (Calystegia sepium, Setara viridis).

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    Julius-Kühn-Archiv
    Article . 2014
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      Article . 2014
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  • Authors: Blach, Oliver Florian;

    In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Auswirkungen der internationalen Entwicklungen im Bereich der Mobilität und dessen Potential für eine zukünftige Verkehrsplanung in der Stadt Wien untersucht. Aktuell zeigt die COVID-19- Pandemie welche Wege tatsächlich notwendig sind und wie Personen ihren Berufen und Verpflichtungen auf eine neue, digitale Art und Weise nachgehen können. Die vergangenen Entwicklungen in Wien zeigen bereits, welche Maßnahmen zielführend sind und welche Auswirkungen diese für die Bevölkerung und deren Mobilität in einer Stadt haben. Zu Beginn dieser Arbeit werden diese Themen behandelt. Anschließend werden die aktuellen Konzepte und Projekte der Regierung in einem Kapitel vorgestellt, um einen Überblick über zukünftige Maßnahmen zur CO2-Reduktion aufzuzeigen. Die Zukunft steht unter dem Motto ‚Neue Mobilität‘, diese gilt es im gleichnamigen Kapitel zu definieren und mögliche Auswirkungen auf die zukünftige Verkehrsplanung darzustellen. Diese Abschnitte sind Grundlage für die erstellte Umfrage ‚Mobilität in & um Wien‘, die die aktuelle Situation und Visionen der Teilnehmer abruft. Die Ergebnisse werden zunächst in einem allgemeinen Teil analysiert und im darauffolgenden Abschnitt für Lösungsmöglichkeiten in unterschiedlichen Varianten herangezogen. Um den Rahmen der Arbeit einzugrenzen, fokussieren sich die Varianten auf drei klassische Bewegungsprofile (Ziel-, Quell- und Binnenverkehr), welche auf den gewählten Routen die Versorgung und den Ausbau sowie Nachhaltigkeit und Verbesserungspotential der Verkehrstypen (ÖPNV, MIV und NMIV) untersuchen. Die einzelnen Potentiale der Verkehrsströme werden in Bezug auf die Verkehrstypen zusammengefasst und zeigen, dass in allen Bereichen vor allem aber in der Versorgung und im Ausbau die größten Optimierungspotentiale liegen. Neben der besseren Ausstattung der Ladeinfrastruktur für den MIV sind Raum und Aufteilung der Straße die wichtigsten Bereiche für den NMIV. Die Erkenntnisse zeigen jedoch auch, dass für detaillierte Verbesserungen Gebiete per se genauer untersucht werden müssen. Allerdings ist es herausfordernd ein Konzept zu erstellen, welches die Zufriedenheit aller im Verkehr Beteiligten erlangt. Demnach sollten zukünftige Verkehrskonzepte alle Verkehrsteilnehmer gleichermaßen einbeziehen, um eine funktionierende Gesamtlösung für die Stadt Wien zu erzielen. This thesis deals with the impact of international developments in the field of mobility and its potential for future traffic planning in Vienna. The COVID-19 pandemic is currently showing which ways are necessary and how people pursue their jobs and tasks in a new, digital method. The past developments in Vienna have already shown which measures are effective and what the consequences for the population and their mobility in a city are. These topics are presented and identified at the beginning of this thesis. Subsequently, the ongoing concepts and projects initiated by the central government of Austria and the local administration of Vienna are highlighted to study the prospects of future measures to reduce CO2 emissions, followed by the possible effects on future traffic planning, which are defined in the corresponding chapter. New mobility is the motto of the future. The results of these chapters are the basis for the organised survey, 'Mobilität in & um Wien’, which highlights the current situation and visions of the participants. First, the results are analysed in the general part of this thesis and then assessed in the following chapter for possible solutions of different variants. To limit the scope of this study, the variants focus on three classic movement profiles - destination traffic, source traffic, and inland traffic – examining the potential of supply and expansion, as well as the sustainability and improvement, of the different types of traffic (public transport, private motorised traffic, and non-motorised individual transport) on selected routes. The individual potentials of traffic flows are summarised in relation to the types of traffic and reveal, that, in all areas, supply and expansion have the greatest potential for optimisation. In addition, improvements to the equipment for charging infrastructure of PMV, space development and the layout of streets are the most important areas for the NMT. However, the findings also show that areas per se need to be examined more closely for detailed improvements. In other words, it is challenging to create a concept that satisfies all those who participate in traffic. The results of this thesis indicate that future traffic concepts should involve all participants equally to achieve an overall functioning solution for the city of Vienna. vorgelegt von: Oliver Florian Blach Auch als Printbestand verfügbar Masterarbeit Wien, FH Campus Wien 2021

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Haas, Stefan;

    Bauherren formulieren immer ��fter den Wunsch nach einem gesunden Wohnumfeld. Aufgrund von verf��gbarem Materialwissen und Baustoffinformationssystemen sind Planer mittlerweile in der Lage, materialspezifische Anforderungen zum schadstoffarmen Planen und Bauen abzuleiten. Aktuell gibt es jedoch keine standardisierten Vorgehensstrategien und Hilfen, die den Planer bei der Umsetzung der daraus entstehenden prozessbezogenen Herausforderungen unterst��tzen. Schadstoffarme Projekte werden h��ufig als Individualwerk, mit immer wieder neu konzipierten Abl��ufen, von Experten durchgef��hrt. Bereits entwickelte Expertenl��sungen verbleiben als exklusives Wissen bei wenigen Fachplanern. Nur einzelne Teilprozesse sind als Strategiewissen f��r alle verf��gbar. Somit bleiben zu viele Fragen und Unsicherheiten zur Planung und Bauausf��hrung offen, Experten sind nach wie vor notwendig, wenn besonders schadstoffarm gebaut werden soll. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer prozessbezogenen Vorgehensstrategie zur Qualit��tssicherung des schadstoffarmen Planens und Bauens. Eine praxisnahe Systematik soll ���neue��� Abl��ufe und Zusammenh��nge f��r Planer aufzeigen, um fr��hzeitig Risiken zu vermeiden. Aufbauend auf einer Vorstudie zu theoretischen Risikomodellen und beispielhaften Bauteilbetrachtungen wird eine qualitative Studie mit der Methode der Experteninterviews durchgef��hrt, um Expertenwissen und deren Planungswissen zu explizieren und f��r die Ergebniserstellung zu interpretieren. Als Ergebnis der Untersuchung werden sieben sog. ���neue��� Kernprozesse zum schadstoffarmen Planen und Bauen definiert und mit Checklisten hinterlegt. Um aufzuzeigen, wie der theoretische Ansatz in eine praxisnahe Anwendung ��berf��hrt werden muss, folgt eine zweite Ausarbeitungsstufe. In dieser werden die Modelle und die Checklisten zu einem Strategiemuster zusammengef��hrt. F��r zwei Bauteile k��nnen hiernach eine Bauteilmatrix, Bauteilmuster und Hilfetexte erstellt werden. Die entwickelte Vorgehensstrategie stellt eine praxisnahe Planungshilfe zur Qualit��tssicherung dar und besteht aus folgenden 4 Ebenen: - Ebene E.1 ���Strategiemuster��� - ��berblick Risikobereiche. - Ebene E.2 ���Bauteilmuster��� - Vergleichsm��glichkeit Bauteile. - Ebene E.3 ���Bauteilmatrix��� - Kurzhinweise Risiken. - Ebene E.4 ���Strategiebl��tter��� - Handlungsanweisung. Clients more and more ask for healthy living and working environments. Planers see themselves challenged to fulfill these requests. They benefit from product information, which aims to support them, and which evolves ongoing. But nevertheless, currently, there are no standardized and freely accessible procedural strategies and aids, supporting the planner in implementing these specified requirements in planning and construction processes. Project management is often carried by an individual with him constantly redesigned processes. This comes with a large number of questions and uncertainties in regards to planning and construction, resulting in the consultation of an expert. The aim of the following research work is the development of a process-related strategy, which helps to qualitatively manage planning and construction processes of environmentally-friendly projects, projects that contain fewer pollutants. New processes are to modeled in step with actual practice in order to avoid risks early enough. Based on a preliminary study of theoretical risk models and exemplary construction components, a qualitative study helps to explicate expert knowledge and strategies by using the method of expert interviews. As a research result, seven so-called "new" key processes are defined for the planning and construction of projects with fewer pollutants. These results are displayed as two-dimensional models in various levels of detail and are supplemented by so-called checklists. In order to transmit these theoretical approaches into a practical application, a strategy pattern is developed out of the models and the checklists. In addition, this pattern is verified du to an exemplification with the examples of two external walls. As a result, a matrix as well as a pattern for each construction element can be deviated. Due to the complementation by additional information and the design of a so called strategic data sheet, the scheme and its elements for the quality management system can be identified and defined as the following: - Level 1 E.1 ���Strategy Pattern��� - overview risks. - Level 2 E.2 ���Construction Element Matrix��� - comparison of constructions. - Level 3 E.3 ���Construction Element Pattern��� - key information. - Level 4 E.4 ���Strategic Data Sheet��� - additional information.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
    Doctoral thesis . 2022
    License: CC BY
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    Doctoral thesis . 2022
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.14279/de...
      Doctoral thesis . 2022
      License: CC BY
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    Authors: Weck-Ponten, Sebastian;

    In future, heat pumps and shallow geothermal energy will play a central role in the decarbonization of the building and energy sector. The potentials of shallow geothermal energy have not been exploited so far, in particular due to the high complexity of planning and approval processes. In addition, the various stakeholders involved in the planning process create interfaces, which can lead to transfer gaps and barriers for an optimized system design. In order to raise the potentials and optimize the system design, a holistic planning process and the combination of different planning tools are necessary, which enable, among other things, geothermal site evaluations, the representation of the mutual thermal influence of geothermal borehole heat exchangers and their effects on neighboring properties, as well as the evaluation of geothermal systems under consideration of economic and ecological decision parameters. In this context, a simulation-based multi-level planning methodology is presented, which enables the holistic planning of geothermal heat pump systems with borehole heat exchangers on the scales of single buildings up to district level in the early planning phases. By integrating calculation tools for mapping the upper ground and subsurface into a closed simulation chain, existing transfer gaps between different trades can be closed. Using a prototypically implemented system configurator, geothermal heat pump systems can be designed in detail, compared with conventional systems, and evaluated on the basis of technical, energetic, economic, and ecological criteria. The combination of configuration, immediate result plotting and automatically triggered simulations running in the background enables an iterative and practical design process. In this context, a heat pump system model is presented which is adapted to the functionalities of the system configurator and specialized for the early planning process. This model includes thermal storage balances and control algorithms, is applicable on city district level and can be coupled bidirectionally to subsurface models. The tool chain's connection to an existing web- and GIS-based geoportal including databases enables a central data aggregation and geothermal site evaluations. This can provide tool-based support for the application and approval process of shallow geothermal systems and holistic planning approaches such as municipal heat planning. Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2023; Aachen : RWTH Aachen University 1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme (2023). = Dissertation, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, 2023 Published by RWTH Aachen University, Aachen

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18154/rw...
    Doctoral thesis . 2023
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18154/rw...
      Doctoral thesis . 2023
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    Authors: Hardering, Friedericke; Lenz, Sarah;

    In den letzten Jahren lässt sich ein zunehmendes Nachdenken über Nachhaltigkeit beobachten. Wenngleich Nachhaltigkeit zu einem allgegenwärtigen Leitbegriff gesellschaftlichen und wirtschaftlichen Wandels avanciert, werden Themen der nachhaltigen Entwicklung von Arbeit trotz dieser Dynamiken kaum thematisiert. Es bleibt bisweilen offen, welche Relevanz die Idee von Nachhaltigkeit für die Beschäftigten hat, was sie unter Nachhaltigkeit verstehen und inwieweit sich Ansprüche an Nachhaltigkeit in der Arbeit identifizieren lassen. Vor diesem Hintergrund widmet sich dieser Beitrag der Bedeutung der Nachhaltigkeitsidee in subjektiven Konzepten von guter und sinnvoller Arbeit. Auf der Basis von teilstrukturierten narrativen Interviews werden Phasen der beruflichen Umorientierung als moments critiques analysiert, da diese in verdichteter Form Aufschluss über die zugrunde liegenden Motive, Vorstellungen und Wünsche an eine gute Arbeit geben. Die Analyse zeigt, dass sich Nachhaltigkeitsvorstellungen in drei Dimensionen rekonstruieren lassen: der Arbeitskraft, der Profession und des sozialen wie ökologischen Umweltbezuges. Da Nachhaltigkeit in Verbindung mit anderen Ansprüchen eingefordert wird, lässt sich von einem flankierenden Anspruch sprechen. In recent years, there was a growing interest in sustainability. Although sustainability rises to a leading concept in thinking about social and economic change, sustainable development of work is rarely discussed. How employees understand sustainability in the context of work and if they have any demands on sustainability of work remain open questions. Against this backdrop, this contribution focuses on the relevance of sustainability in subjective concepts of good and meaningful work. Based on semi-structured narrative interviews, we analyze changes of jobs as moments critiques that give insights on motives, visions and demands of good work. Our findings show three dimensions which are linked to sustainability: labor, professions and relations to social and ecological aims. Besides, demands for sustainability always appear in connection with other demands for good work. AIS-Studien

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.21241/ss...
    Other literature type . 2017
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.21241/ss...
      Other literature type . 2017
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    Authors: Aida Anguiano de Miguel;

    I mean to analyze the reciprocity between urban policies and economic growth; and the role of agents and estate developers in China. Emergent economy with high inequality rates. The roles of capitalist corporations and the Government in the construction and reconstruction of cities, Examine the infrastructures, business and commerce developers, sport and leisure areas, academic and cultural centers, and housing in the Chinese metropolis. The Asian country has become one of the most polluting ones as result of the fast urbanization, and the rapid growth of industry and infrastructures. Teams of architects have planned sustainable building but megalopoleis make eco-cities necessary.

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    Barataria
    Article . 2016
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      Barataria
      Article . 2016
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    Authors: Simon, Sonja; Demmeler, Martin; Heißenhuber, Alois;

    To satisfy national sustainability targets in Germany, both bioenergy and organic farming claim a growing area of farmland. Analyses with a land use model and ac-companying expert interviews show, how the competition for land is growing in certain regions. A restricted area potential for energy crops – even with an ever intensifying farming opposes targets for an increasing share of land for organic agriculture and nature conservation. Thus there is a need for policy action, to discuss and solve this goal conflict. An ongoing study currently develops strategies for two selected German regions for a more ecologically compatible bioenergy production.

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    Organic Eprints
    Conference object . 2007
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    Authors: König, Andreas;

    Die energetische Nutzung von Biomasse umfasst eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen und alternativen Pfaden zur Endenergiebereitstellung. Feste, flüssige und gasförmige Bioenergieträger können über thermische, thermo-chemische, physikalisch-chemische und biologisch-chemische Konversionsverfahren alternativ in Wärme, Strom und Kraftstoffe überführt werden. Dabei stehen der Möglichkeit durch die Biomassenutzung einen Beitrag zur Minderung von Treibhausgasemissionen (THG-Emissionen) und zur Substitution fossiler Energieträger zu leisten, erhöhte Kosten im Vergleich zu den konventionellen Bereitstellungsverfahren gegenüber. Zudem gilt im Hinblick auf einen Ausbau der Bioenergie zu berücksichtigen, dass trotz des regenerativen Charakters der Biomasse als erneuerbare Energiequelle, die Biomasse- und Flächenpotenziale in Deutschland begrenzt sind. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher die Analyse und Bewertung unterschiedlicher energetischer Nutzungspfade von Biomasse unter technischen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Gesichtspunkten vor dem Hintergrund energie- und umweltpolitischer Zielsetzungen einerseits und der Biomassepotenziale in Deutschland andererseits. Dafür wurden für eine Auswahl an heute und zukünftig wichtigen Prozessketten der Energieträgerproduktion und -nutzung sowohl Energie- und Stoffstrombilanzen erstellt als auch die Kosten der Energiegestehung berechnet. Anhand der unterschiedlichen daraus ableitbaren technischen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Aspekte erfolgt eine umfassende Bewertung der Nutzungspfade. Im Hinblick auf die Konkurrenz zu anderen erneuerbaren und den konventionellen Verfahren der Energiebereitstellung im Energiesystem Deutschland wurden die Nutzungsoptionen für Biomasse anhand einer modellgestützten Szenarioanalyse zudem systemisch bewertet. Durch die Analyse und Bewertung konnten vorteilhafte Nutzungspfade für die Endenergiebereitstellung aus Biomasse im Hinblick auf eine effiziente Biomassenutzung und eine kostengünstige Minderung der Treibhausgasemissionen identifiziert werden. Es zeigt sich, dass die Wärmebereitstellung im Hinblick auf die Gesamtheit der hier untersuchten Aspekte die vorteilhafteste Nutzungsoption darstellt. Sie ist aufgrund der höheren Effizienz bei der Biomasseumwandlung sowohl der KWK-Nutzung von Festbrennstoffen als auch der Bereitstellung gasförmiger Kraftstoffe vorzuziehen. Demgegenüber erweisen sich sowohl die Bereitstellung von Biokraftstoffen der 1. Generation, wie z. B. Biodiesel aus Raps und Ethanol aus Zuckerrüben, als auch die Nutzung von Biogas mit geringen Wärmenutzungsgraden als vergleichsweise wenig vorteilhaft. Es zeigt sich deutlich, dass der Effizienz der Biomassebereitstellung und -konversion vor den hier erarbeiteten Ergebnissen eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit bei der zukünftigen Bioenergienutzung in Deutschland zukommen sollte, da diese nicht nur einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Gesamteffizienz der Nutzungspfade sondern auch auf andere Aspekte, wie z. B. die spezifischen Emissionen und das Substitutionspotenzial für fossile Energieträger aufweist. Zudem wird klar, dass insbesondere bei den Biokraftstoffen der 1. Generation eine verstärkte energetische Nutzung der Koppelprodukte zur Verbesserung der Energiebilanz erfolgen sollte. Ohne die Koppelproduktnutzung erweisen sich die Gesamteffizienzen dieser Prozessketten als vergleichsweise wenig vorteilhaft. Die hier erarbeiteten Ergebnisse zeigen überdies, dass durch die Nutzung heimischer Biomasse- und Flächenpotenziale ein nennenswerter und vergleichsweise kostengünstiger Beitrag zur Minderung der energiebedingten THG-Emissionen und zur Substitution fossiler Energieträger im Energiesystem Deutschland geleistet werden kann. Rund 1.097 PJ/a an Endenergie in Form von Wärme, Strom und Kraftstoff können bei einer konsequenten Verfolgung der Klimaschutzziele bis zum Jahr 2030 durch Biomasse bereitgestellt werden. Damit kann in Deutschland im Jahr 2030 ein Anteil der heimischen Biomasse am Primärenergieverbrauch von rund 14,0 % und ein Anteil der Bioenergie am Endenergieverbrauch von 11,1 % erreicht werden. The energetic utilization of biomass comprises many different and alternative pathways for the provision of different kinds of end energy. Solid, liquid and gaseous bioenergy carriers can be transferred to heat, power and transport fuels via thermal, thermo-chemical, physio-chemical and bio-chemical conversion technologies. The preferable characteristics of biomass utilization, such as the possibility to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the substitution of fossil fuels, compete against the relatively high costs compared to conventional energy provision technologies. Additionally, the potentials of biomass and agricultural area for energy crop production in Germany are limited. The aim of this study is therefore the analysis and assessment of different energetic utilization pathways of biomass under technical, economic and ecological aspects against the background of energy and environment policy goals on the one hand and the limited biomass potential on the other hand. For a sample of current and prospective important process chains of the production and utilization of bioenergy carriers the energy and mass flows were balanced. In addition the energy provision costs were calculated. The following step was the integration of the different technical, economic and ecological aspects against the background of a comprehensive assessment. With regard to the competition to other renewable energies and to the conventional methods of energy supply in the energy system of Germany the utilization options were systematically assessed by means of a model based approach. Due to the analysis and assessment favourable utilization pathways for the energy provision from biomass could be identified. The results show, that the heat provision has to be evaluated as the most favourable utilization option under technical, economical and ecological aspects. Due to higher efficiencies of the biomass conversion the heat provision is more preferable than the CHP use of solid biomass as well as the provision of gaseous fuels. In contrast to that, the provision of 1st generation bio fuels, e. g. biodiesel from rapeseed and ethanol from sugar beet as well as the utilization of biogas with low heat use, has to be assessed rather less favourable. Given the presented results, the efficiency of the biomass production and conversion should play a major role in the future configuration of bioenergy in the energy system of Germany due to the high influence on the overall efficiency of the process chains and other aspects like the specific emissions and the substitution of fossil fuels. Like the efficiency the energetic utilization of by products, especially in the case of the production of 1st generation biofuels should be enhanced to improve the energy balance of these pathways. The results affirm that the utilization of national biomass and land area potentials can contribute considerably and relatively cost efficient to the reduction of GHG emissions and the substitution of fossil energy carriers. About 1,097 PJ per year in form of heat, power and transport fuels can be provided when the optimistic GHG reduction targets till 2030 will be met. In this case the national biomass shows a share of 14.0 % of primary energy demand and 11.1 % of end energy consumption.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2009
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  • Authors: Oberhummer, Anton;

    Diese Masterarbeit gibt einen Überblick über Technologien und Lösungen, welche derzeit zur Verfügung stehen, um dem steigenden Bedarf an Gebäudekühlung nachhaltig zu begegnen. Raumklimatisierung trägt zunehmend und wesentlich zum globalen Energiebedarf bei und auch der weltweite Absatz von Raumklimageräten steigt signifikant. Wie stark dieser kältetechnische Energiebedarf wächst, hängt einerseits von den politischen Maßnahmen zur Förderung nachhaltiger Systeme ab und andererseits von der Akzeptanz durch die NutzerInnen, PlanerInnen oder den Bauherren ab. Die derzeit bestehenden und auch geplanten Maßnahmen tragen jedoch nur sehr begrenzt dazu bei, dieses Wachstum nachhaltig zu bremsen. Die Entwicklung einer multikriteriellen Analysestruktur für resilientes Kühlen in Form von technologieübergreifenden Datenblättern soll ArchitektInnen, PlanerInnen und Bauherren bei der Auswahl eines für ihre Anforderungen geeigneten Kühlsystems unterstützen. Die erstellten Datenblätter stellen zum einen die technischen Daten und Leistungsgrenzen der jeweiligen Technologie übersichtlich dar und zum anderen auch deren ökologischen, ökonomischen und soziokulturellen Auswirkungen. Sämtliche Datenblätter, welche im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelt und anschließend befüllt wurden sind in einer Datenblattsammlung im Anhang dieser Arbeit abgelegt. This master thesis gives an overview of technologies and solutions that are currently available to meet the increasing demand for building cooling in a sustainable way. Room air conditioning is making an increasing and significant contribution to global energy demand, and worldwide sales of room air conditioners are also rising significantly. The growing of energy needs for cooling depends on the one hand, on the political measures taken to promote sustainable systems and, on the other hand, on the level of acceptance by users, planners or building owners. However, the existing and planned measures are only making a very limited contribution to slowing this growth in the long term. The development of a multi-criteria analysis structure for resilient cooling in the form of cross-technology data sheets should support architects, planners and building owners in selecting a cooling system suitable for their requirements. The data sheets provide a clear overview of the technical data and performance limits of the respective technology on the one hand and their ecological, economic and socio-cultural effects on the other. All data sheets, which were developed and subsequently filled in within the scope of this work, are stored in a data sheet collection in the appendix of this work. vorgelegt von: Anton Oberhummer Wien, FH Campus Wien, Masterarb., 2019

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      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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